OSHPD Proposes a New Seismic Design Category: SPC-4D. May 12, 2015 CHA Webinar

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1 OSHPD Proposes a New Seismic Design Category: SPC-4D May 12, 2015 CHA Webinar

2 Welcome Mary Barker California Hospital Association

Continuing Education Offered for this Program Health Care Executives: CHA is authorized to award 2 hours of preapproved ACHE Qualified Education Credit (non-ache) for this program toward advancement

3 Continuing Education Offered for this Program Health Care Executives: CHA is authorized to award 2 hours of preapproved ACHE Qualified Education Credit (non-ache) for this program toward advancement or recertification in the American College of Healthcare Executives. Full attendance, completion of online survey, and attestation of attendance are required to receive CEs for this webinar. CEs are complimentary and available only for the registrant. Post-event survey will be sent to registrant via . 3

4 Program Overview and Introductions Cheri Hummel California Hospital Association

Faculty Paul A. Coleman is the deputy director for the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), Facilities Development Division (FDD). As deputy director, Mr.

5 Faculty Paul A. Coleman is the deputy director for the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), Facilities Development Division (FDD). As deputy director, Mr. Coleman is the chief building official for California s hospitals more than 4,000 buildings located at 1,709 healthcare facilities under FDD jurisdiction statewide. Prior to assuming the role of deputy director in 2009, Mr. Coleman served as OSHPD s southern California deputy division chief in the FDD. There he was responsible for planning and directing work of the program staff, and assisted in the formulation and implementation of policies related to enforcement of the Seismic Safety Act. Mr. Coleman is a licensed architect and general contractor in the state of California. 5

6 Faculty Roy Lobo, PhD joined OSHPD as senior structural engineer over twelve years ago. He was promoted to supervisor of the Seismic Compliance Unit in 2011 and became principal structural engineer in November He worked for several reputed firms in the Los Angeles area before joining OSHPD. Mr. Lobo is an active member of the structural engineering community with membership in professional organizations such as the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC). He is former Chair of the SEAOC Existing Buildings Committee and currently serves as State Chair of the SEAOC Seismology Committee. Mr. Lobo is also a voting member of the ASCE 41 main committee. He holds a doctoral degree in Structural Engineering. 6

7 Seismic Performance Category 4D Paul A. Coleman, Architect, Deputy Director Roy Lobo, PhD, SE, Principal Structural Engineer Facilities Development Division California s Building Department for Hospitals 7

8 Existing Hospital Inventory 8

9 Nature s Full Scale Shake Table Test 9

10 Northridge Earthquake: Impetus for SB 1953 Intent of SB 1953 Brought existing buildings into the HFSSA The state shall take steps to ensure that the expected earthquake performance of hospital buildings housing inpatients and providing primary basic services is disclosed to public agencies that have a need and a right to know 10

11 Intent of SB 1953 Because the medical industry cannot immediately bring all hospital buildings into compliance with the Alfred E. Alquist Hospital Facilities Seismic Safety Act the state shall encourage structural retrofits or replacements of hospital buildings housing inpatients and providing primary basic services that place lives at risk because of their potential for collapse during an earthquake 11

12 Intent of SB 1953 The state shall also encourage retrofits and enhancements to critical hospital architecture, equipment, and utility and communications systems to improve the ability of hospitals to remain operational for those hospitals that do not pose risk to life 12

13 Statutory Authority H&SC (b). The office may define earthquake performance categories as it deems necessary to meet the intent of SB 1953 and the Alfred E. Alquist Hospital Facilities Seismic Safety Act (HSSA 83) 13

Structural Performance Categories Minor Risk to Life

Collapse in a Major EQ May be Capable of Providing

Capable of Providing Services to the Public after a Major

14 Structural Performance Categories Minor Risk to Life Significant Risk of Collapse in a Major EQ Low Risk of Collapse in a Major EQ May be Capable of Providing Services to the Public after a Major EQ Reasonably Capable of Providing Services to the Public after a Major EQ 2008/ SPC1 SPC2 SPC3 SPC4 SPC5 Imminent Threat 14

15 Structural Performance Category 1 (SPC-1) Buildings posing a significant risk of collapse and a danger to the public These are pre-1973 code buildings and buildings not originally built under an OSHPD or OSA permit (nonconforming buildings) These buildings must be brought up to the SPC 2 or higher level by January 1, 2020 or be removed from General Acute Care (GAC) Service 15

16 Structural Performance Category 2 (SPC-2) These buildings have low risk of collapse in a major earthquake and do not significantly jeopardize life These are non-conforming buildings These buildings must be brought up to the SPC-4D or SPC-5 by January 1, 2030 or be removed from GAC Service 16

17 Seismic Performance Category 3 (SPC-3) Conforming buildings in Near Fault Sites (NFS) with Pre- Northridge Steel Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) connections These buildings may experience structural damage, which does not significantly jeopardize life, and may provide service after a major earthquake SPC-3 buildings can provide GAC service to 2030 & beyond Building is either SPC 3 or not (a finite set of buildings). No building can be upgraded to SPC 3 17

18 Structural Performance Category 4 (SPC-4) Conforming buildings permitted by OSHPD or OSA prior to 1989 Code May experience some structural damage, but still may provide services to the public following major earthquake No deadline for these buildings. May be used up to January 1, 2030 and beyond Building is either SPC 4 or not (a finite set of buildings). No building can be upgraded to SPC 4 18

19 Structural Performance Category 5 (SPC-5) Conforming buildings permitted to the CBC 1989 or later versions of the Code (except those classified as SPC 3) Reasonably capable of providing services to the public following major earthquake No deadline for these buildings. May be used up to January 1, 2030 and beyond 19

20 Total No. of Hospital Buildings Reported in 2001 Total No. of Hospital Buildings Reported =

21 Initial SB 1953 Major Milestones 21

22 Major Extensions to SB 1953 Milestones 22

23 Historical Changes to SPC-1 Building Inventory 23

24 Compliance Options Today Remove acute care services and relocate to SPC-2 or higher building Remove acute care services (reduce services) Seismic retrofit HAZUS Reassessment Program for SPC-1 buildings Voluntary seismic improvements (combined with HAZUS) Rebuild/Replace 24

25 What is Next for My SPC-1 Building(s)? Rebuild/Replace must have an OSHPD Certificate of Occupancy by the approved extension date Retrofit/VSI must have an OSHPD Construction Final by the approved extension date Remove Acute Care Services must have an OSHPD Certificate of Occupancy or Construction Final, as applicable, for Remove from Acute Care Services Project Buildings from which acute care services have been removed, but do not have an OSHPD Certificate of Occupancy or Construction Final by the approved extension date will not be issued a building permit for any project(s) not related to a remove from acute care services project 25

26 What is Next for My SPC-2 Building(s)? SPC-2 (PRE 1973) Retrofit to SPC-5 (Current Code) 700+ Builds Remove 14yrs - 8mo Seismic Compliance Deadline Replace Rebuild Beyond

27 Vintage of SPC-2 Buildings in

28 SPC-2 Buildings in 2020 by Building Type 28

29 Expected by Type and Stories in SPC-2 Buildings 29

30 Concerns for 2030 Compliance Rural and other hospitals in underserved areas have limited resources to upgrade to current code The SPC-2 buildings may be landlocked by higher SPC buildings such that removing the SPC-2 building from service could make the hospital inoperable The hospital may not have property on which to build a replacement building Hospitals could use this option to strategize their master plan and explore various cost effective options Upgrade to comparable SPC-4 buildings instead of current code? Model codes have changed making upgrading to current code very costly Minimizing upgrade reduces disruption to ongoing services 30

31 Example SPC 2 Land Locked Building

32 Why Now? To make compliance with SB 1953 program cost effective To ensure availability of hospitals in rural and medically underserved areas Statute requires OSHPD to adopt model code and national standards. The International Existing Building Code, 2015 (IEBC 2015)/ASCE adopted damage control structural performance level as a discrete performance category giving FDD the foundation upon which to move forward with a new seismic performance category With only 14+ years remaining until 2030, planning, financing, and building a replacement building would be difficult for many hospitals To provide hospitals with another option for seismic compliance so they may choose the approach that is most cost effective for them 32

33 Looking for a Solution Damage Control Structural Performance What is it? It is a performance category at a midway point between Life Safety Structural Performance Category (SPC 2) and Immediate Occupancy Structural Performance Category (SPC 5) 33

34 Looking for a Solution 34

35 Seismic Evaluation Requirements Traditionally seismic evaluation was at approx. 75% of new building code seismic design forces (ASCE 31-03) Seismic evaluation requirements in the CAC Chapter 6 are based on FEMA 178 SPC 2: Approx. 75% of Life Safety (I=1.0) based on CBC 1995 CBC Chapter 34A SPC-2 upgrade requirements are consistent with this philosophy SPC 5 :Immediate Occupancy Damage Control for Risk Category IV Buildings (Midpoint LS and IO) 35

36 Looking for Another Approach 36

37 The SPC-4D Approach Introduce Structural Performance Category SPC-4D (Damage control for existing Risk Category IV Buildings) Nonconforming Buildings (Building originally built to pre-1973 Code) can be upgraded to SPC-4D (Instead of SPC-5) to provide service beyond

38 SPC-4 Building Inventory by Year Built 38

39 SPC-4 Building Inventory by SDC 39

40 SPC-4 Building Inventory by Number of Stories 40

41 What Is Damage Control? DAMAGE CONTROL STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE CATEGORY is a performance category approximately midway between Life Safety Structural Performance Category (SPC 2) and Immediate Occupancy Structural Performance Category (SPC 5), established by analysis or retrofit, in accordance with the 2016 California Building Code (2016 CBC) Section 3412A.2.3 or equivalent provisions in later editions of the CBC. Buildings satisfying this structural performance standard shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of the Structural Performance Category SPC-4D. 41

42 What Is SPC-4D? STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE CATEGORY SPC-4D is a performance category assigned to existing nonconforming hospital buildings that have been demonstrated either by analysis or retrofit to be equivalent to the minimum prescriptive requirements of the 1979 Uniform Building Code (UBC 1979) including the California amendments, hereafter called the 1980 CBC, in accordance with the CBC 2016 Section 3412A

43 First California Building Code 43

44 What Constitutes the 1980 CBC? 1. Uniform Building Code, 1979 (UBC 1979) 2. California Code of Regulations, Title 24- Building Standards, dated February 2, California Code of Regulations, Title 22 Social Security, dated October 13, California Code of Regulations, Title 17 Public Health, dated October 13,

45 SPC-1 and SPC-2 Building Upgrade Options Collapse Risk or Life Safe Low Risk of Collapse Upgrade to SPC-4D or SPC / 2030 SPC-1 /SPC SPC2 SPC3 SPC4 SPC5 SPC-4D -- /SPC-5 Significant Risk of Collapse 45

46 Performance Expectation of SPC-4D Buildings May control damage to permit return to function similar to SPC-3 or 4 buildings, but not as quickly as SPC-5 buildings Performance should be equivalent to existing SPC-3 and SPC-4 buildings 46

47 Buildings Not Eligible for SPC-4D 1. Hospital buildings with the potential for surface fault rupture and surface displacement at the building site 2. Unreinforced masonry shear wall buildings 3. Precast concrete buildings 47

48 Possible Compliance Issues Using CBC 1980 (E) Bldg. detailing may not meet the prescriptive standard Buildings have structural irregularities prohibited in current code known to cause collapse Extreme torsional irregularity Extreme stiffness of soft story irregularity Extreme weak story irregularity Irregular buildings and tall buildings require a dynamic analysis for distribution of forces Archaic materials used in existing buildings do not have design values 48

49 Alternate to CBC 1980 SPC 4D ASCE 41 Methodology ASCE 41 - Seismic Evaluation/Seismic Retrofit Methodology for (E) Buildings Permits different levels of targeted seismic performance objectives SPC-4D requires: Two Level Seismic Hazard Analysis/Design (Tier III dual-earthquake check) Intended to be used universally regardless of the building configuration, size or structural system, etc. Level 1: Damage Control under the Design Level Earthquake (BSE-1E, 20% in 50-year or 225-year event) Level 2: Collapse Prevention under an infrequent Level Earthquake (BSE-2E, 5% in 50-year or 975-year event) The dual-earthquake check is necessary to ensure sufficient robustness and margin of safety beyond the design-level earthquake 49

50 Analysis Options - ASCE Four Analysis Options: Linear Static Procedures (LSP) (Simplest, but conservative) Linear Dynamic Procedures (LDP) (Simple, but conservative) Non Linear Static Procedures (NSP) (Higher order analysis tools and time, less conservative) Non Linear Dynamic Procedures (NDP) (Complex analytical tool, but least conservative) 50

51 Which option do I use? 1980 CBC or ASCE 41? Owner s choice considering factors such as feasibility, cost, etc. CBC 1980 One or two story buildings Inadequate wall anchorage Seismicity depends on the Seismic Zone Factor (not site specific) Building has adequate detailing Analysis is simpler... *Experienced Design Professional in Retrofit of (E) Bldgs ASCE 41* Buildings with prohibited irregularities Tall buildings with irregularities Building has inadequate detailing Seismicity on site has changed Take advantage of existing material properties Variety of analysis options 51

52 SPC-4D Construction Document Review Building characterization required: Existing construction documents review Field testing and inspections Field observation of exposed conditions Buildings with/without original construction documents will require comprehensive materials testing and conditions assessment Nonconforming buildings didn t go through OSHPD s plan review or field tests/inspections 52

53 CBC 2016 SDC F vs. CBC Seismic Zone 4 CBC 2016 Seismic Map CBC 1980 Seismic Map SDC F is not comparable to Seismic Zone 4 because of Near Field Effects. SDC D encompass all of Seismic Zone 3 & large part of Seismic Zone 4. 53

54 Ground Motion Differences 54

55 Seismic Design Category of Buildings Projected SPC-2 Buildings in

56 Long-Period Design Accelerations (S D1 ) Southern CA 56

57 Long-Period Design Accelerations (S D1 ) Northern CA 57

58 Design Demands for BSE-1E and BSE-2E IO Spectral Acceleration (g) LS Period CP 58

59 Acceptance Criteria for Different Damage States Lateral Force - V IO Santa hjklh Immediate Occupancy Damage Control Santa hjklh LS Life Safety Demand Spectrum at BSE-1E Santa hjklh CP Demand Spectrum at BSE-2E Collapse Prevention LS Lateral Displacement - CP 59

60 Example: Five-Story Concrete Shear Wall Building 60

61 Building Description Location: Bay Area Building Type: Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall Box system Number of Stories: 5 Building Height: 67.5 ft Foundation: Spread footing Diaphragm: Rigid Seismic Detailing: No special boundary detailing 61

62 Material Strengths Material Properties Concrete Strength: Specified Tested f c = 4000 psi f c = 5143 psi Steel Strength: Specified Tested f y = 60,000 psi f y = 67,752 psi Permitted to use only 60,000 psi (1980 CBC) 62

63 Design Criteria Using CBC Design Base Shear V = ZIKCSW Z = 1 (Zone 4) I = 1.5 (Essential Facility) C = T =. S = 1.5 ; = sec (Trans.) and 0.23 sec (Long.) Use CS = 0.14 K = 1.33 (Table 23-I, buildings with a box system) V = (1)(1.5)(1.33)(0.14) W = W (Working Stress) 63

64 Design Criteria Using CBC Load Combination for Concrete Design U = 1.4(D + L) + 1.4E And U = 0.9D + 1.4E For shear and diagonal tension U = 1.4(D + L) + 2.0E And U = 0.9D + 2.0E 64

65 ASCE Ground Motions 65

66 Analysis Using ASCE Pseudo Seismic Force for LSP: V C C C 1 2 m S a W V = (1.1)(0.8)(0.975)W = 0.86 W 66

67 Limitations Limitations on Use of LSP: Q DCR Q UD CE Largest computed DCR is critical component for the element at that story If a component DCR exceeds the lesser of 3.0 and the m-factor for the component and a weak story or torsion irregularity exists per or linear procedures are not permitted 67

68 Piers Exceeding Acceptance Criteria 1980 CBC Wall Piers demands exceeding capacity Max DCR = 1.3 Elevation Line U 68

69 Piers Exceeding Acceptance Criteria ASCE 41 Wall Piers demands exceeding capacity, BSE 1E, and BSE 2E None; Max DCR.86 Elevation Line U 69

70 Spandrels Exceeding Acceptance Criteria 1980 CBC Spandrel demands exceeding capacity Max. DCR = 1.54 Elevation Line U 70

71 Spandrels Exceeding Acceptance Criteria ASCE 41 Spandrel demands exceeding capacity Max. DCR = 1.03 Elevation Line U 71

72 Design of Foundations Load Combination for Foundations Design 1980 CBC U = 1.4(D + L) + E And U = 0.9D + E Load Combination for Foundations Design ASCE 41, Linear Procedures M ST > M OT / (C 1 C 2 J); J max = 2 Alternatively 0.9M ST = M OT / (C 1 C 2 OT ), OT = 6 (BSE-1E); 10 (BSE-2E) 72

73 Summary of Findings The current study is limited to only the shear check acceptance criteria in the shear walls Other checks such as Shear wall flexural checks, Foundations, and Diaphragms need to be performed to give overall impact The location of the building and the ground motion at the site is a key factor in deciding which analysis/design option to use 73

74 Summary of SPC-4D Provisions Nonconforming buildings can be upgraded to SPC-4D to provide services beyond 2030 The CBC 1980 may be used to upgrade some SPC-2 buildings to SPC-4D ASCE Damage Control Structural Performance level as defined in OSHPD regulations for existing Category IV buildings may be used for SPC-4D analysis and/or retrofit No Seismic Evaluation Checklist 74

75 What Other Costs May Apply? As with any other structural upgrade or VSI project, the hospital must consider the following: Accessibility requirements in area(s) of work and path of travel Nonstructural work to comply with NPC 3 through 5 based on any approved extensions or exemptions Move management to allow work in specific areas of the hospital building 75

76 Streamline and Simplify Compliance No seismic evaluation (check list) will be required to change SPC-1/SPC-2 buildings to SPC-4D Submit analysis to Seismic Compliance Unit Submit retrofit projects to OSHPD regions SPC rating will be changed by a process equivalent to those for SPC-5 Reconciliation on construction work consistent with SPC-4D requirements is necessary 76

77 What is the Submittal/Review Process? 77

78 What is the Submittal/Review Process? 78

79 Who Should Hospitals Hire? Who can assist hospitals in determining if SPC-4D is right for them? Designers should have a proven track record of working with OSHPD on major retrofit projects Must have experience with existing buildings and material and familiarity with the national standard ASCE 41 Must be a California licensed Structural Engineer 79

80 2015 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle Triennial update of CBSC to match 2015 IBC and revised standards The CBSC 2016 effective date 1/1/

81 2015 Triennial Code Adoption Cycle 81

82 Use of SPC-4D Prior to January 1, 2017 PIN 54 may be used for early adoption if SPC-4D is approved by the Building Standards Commission 82

83 Thank you Paul Coleman (916) Roy Lobo (916)

84 Questions Online questions: Type your question in the Q & A box, hit enter Phone questions: To enter the queue hit *1 To remove yourself from the queue hit *2

85 Upcoming Programs Disaster Planning for California Hospitals September 28 30, 2015 Sacramento Join your colleagues, community partners, suppliers, and state officials at the only disaster conference developed by and for California hospitals. Find out how you can take your plans, ideas and teams to the next level. 85

86 Thank You and Evaluation Thank you for participating in today s program. An online evaluation will be sent to you shortly. For education questions, contact Mary Barker at (916) or mbarker@calhospital.org.

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