PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES BY GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SISAL FIBER

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1 SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering - (ICCREST'17) - Special Issue - March 217 PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES BY GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SISAL FIBER H.HADIL ARSHAD1 ME Structural Engg Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Chendhuran College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkotai-Dt, South India. Abstract This paper highlights about the behavior of concrete when groundnut shell ash and sisal fiber are added in concrete on the various strength properties of concrete by using the mix design of M25 grade. The percentage replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) varies from % to 2%. The sisal fibers added in various percentages such as 1%, 2% and 3%. Compressive and flexural strength determined by casting of cube and beam. The results are compared to the conventional concrete specimen. Based on a general analysis of the results as well as the logical comparison to the acceptable standard, a percentage replacement of GSA and addition of sisal fibers are suggested for sustainable construction. Keywords: groundnut shell ash; sisal fibre; compressive strength; split tensile strength and flexural strength. I. INTRODUCTION Cement replacement materials are special types of naturally occurring materials or industrial waste products that can be used in concrete mixes to partially replace some of the Portland cement. Artificial pozzolanic such as rice husk ash have gained acceptance as supplementary cementing materials in many parts of the world. This work evaluates the potentials of groundnut shell ash (GSA) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. Chemical analysis of the ash was carried out to ascertain whether it possesses pozzolanic or cementing properties and the partial replacement of OPC by GSA. Natural fibres are expected to be the reinforcing materials and their use until now has been more traditional than technical. They have long served many functional purposes but the application of materials technology for the consumption of natural fibres as the reinforcement in concrete has only taken place in comparatively current years. II. LITERATURE COLLECTION Buari T.A et al. (213) describe the Characteristics Strength of groundnut shell ash (GSA) and OPC blended Concrete. He found the ISSN: R.DINESH KUMAR 2 Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Chendhuran College of Engineering and Technolog, Pudukkotai-Dt, South India. Specific gravity of GSA is being This value is less than 1.85 and 1.9 reported by and for GHA and Pulverised Fuel Ash respectively. B.H. Sada, Y.D. Amartey, S. Bako (213) studied Investigation into the use of Groundnut shell as fine aggregate replacement. At a replacement value of 25% and above, of fine aggregate with groundnut shells; lightweight concrete was produced which could be used where low stress is required. Dr. F. A. Olutoge1 et al. (213) describe the Characteristics Strength and Durability of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphate Environments. The compressive strength value of the GSA/OPC blended concrete at 1% replacement level performed better and would be acceptable. M. Aruna (214) studied Mechanical Behaviour of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Cement Composites. An experimental investigation of mechanical behaviour of sisal fibre reinforced concrete is reported for making a suitable building material in terms of reinforcement. Dr. Romildo Dias,Toledo Filho And Engr. Flavio De Andrade Silva (1992) studied about Sisal fibre reinforcement of durable thin walled structures. Durable cement-based laminates reinforced with five layers of long, unidirectional aligned sisal fibers were developed. III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Prepare The experimental program was designed to describe the selection of materials, types of tests to be conducted to evaluate their properties, to prepare Design mix, to furnish casting, curing and testing procedures adopted in order to Compare the mechanical properties of Concrete i.e., Compressive Strength, Splitting Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength with different percentages of GSA and Sisal as partial replacement of cement. Page 23

2 A. Concrete Mix Design: The Combined or All-In- Aggregate Sieve analysis test (as per Table 5 of IS: ) has to be conducted, to check its suitability before going for Mix-Design B. Test Plan for Casting of Concrete Specimens: This Project entailed subjecting the designed Concrete mixes to a series of tests to evaluate the strength and other properties. For this purpose, it was important to monitor the strength development with time to adequately evaluate the strength of each Concrete mix. For every test, 3 samples from each mix were tested at each curing age and the average values were used for analysis. One of the most important properties of concrete is the measurement of its ability to withstand Compressive loads. This is referred to as Compressive Strength. C. Testing of Concrete Specimens: After the Specimens are cured for the specified period, taken out from the curing tank, cleaned and tested as per IS: , on Universal Testing Machine to find the mechanical properties of Concrete such as Compressive Strength on Cubes, Flexural Strength on Beams and Splitting Tensile Strength on Cylinders. D. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test: This test conducted on Concrete Cubes (after 28- days of curing) of 15mm size in accordance with IS:13311(Part 1). The method consists of producing an Ultrasonic longitudinal pulse by an electro-acoustical transducer which is held in contact with one surface of the concrete member, under test. After traversing a known distance in the concrete, the pulse is converted into an electrical signal by a second electro acoustical transducer, and an electronic timing circuit enables the transit time of the pulse to be measured, from which the pulse velocity is calculated. This testing also detects internal flaws like inadequate compaction, voids or s and segregation in concrete. if the transit time of pulse is more, the ultrasonic pulse velocity is reduced. The magnitude of reduction in the pulse velocity indicates the extent of imperfections in concrete. E. Compressive Strength Test: Compressive Strength describes the behaviour of the material when it is subjected to a Compressive load at a relatively low and uniform rate of loading until the failure occurs. Compressive Strength of Cube = Max.Load applied/c.s. Area of Cube. F. Split Tensile Strength Test: The splitting test is well known indirect test used for determining the tensile strength of concrete. The test is carried out by placing a cylindrical specimen horizontally between the loading surfaces of a Compression Testing Machine and the load is applied until failure of the cylinder occurs, along the vertical diameter. Max. Tensile Strength of Cylinder = 2P/πDL G. Flexural Strength Test: The strength shown by the concrete against bending is known as Flexure Strength. The determination of Flexural Tensile Strength is essential to estimate the load or Maximum Bending stress at which the concrete members may or fail. It s knowledge is useful in the design of pavement slabs and Airfield Runway, as flexural tension is critical in these cases. The Flexural Strength of the specimen is expressed as the modulus of rupture. When a is less than 13.3 cm Flexural Strength of Specimen = 3Pa/bd Where P Max. Load applied on the specimen at failure b Width of Beam d Depth of Beam L Span Length (4 cm) When a is greater than 13.3 cm Flexural Strength =PL/bd 2 IV. MATERIALS USED A. Cement Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the basic Portland cement and is best suited for use in general concrete construction. It is classified into three grades, namely 33 grade, 43 grade and 53 grade depending upon the strength of the cement at 28 days when tested as per IS: Part II. If the 28 days strength is not less than 33N/mm2, 43N/mm2 and 53N/mm2 it called 43 grade and 53 grade cement respectively. Birla Super 53 grade cement conforming to IS: was used in the present investigation. The tests performed on this cement are summarized in Table 1. TABLE 1. PROPERTIES OF CEMENT Sl. No. Properties Results 1 Normal consistency (%) 36 2 Setting time (min) i.initial setting time 4 min ii.final setting time 24 min 3 Specific gravity 3.11

3 B. Coarse Aggregates: Coarse aggregates are inert particle materials that pass through the sieve size of 8 mm and retained on sieve size 4.75 mm. In the present study, locally available granite of size 2 mm and 1mm in the proportion 6% and 4% by volume respectively was used. The physical properties of coarsse aggregates are given in Table 2. TABLE 2 PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE S.No Properties Results 1. Specific gravity Fineness modulus Impact value 29% 4. Crushing value 3% C. Fine Aggregates River sand available locally was used as fine aggregates and they conform to IS: (reaffirmed 1997). Sieve analysis was done using standard sieve analysis procedure and the sand conforms to Zone II. The physical properties and sieve analysis details are given in Table 3 and 4 respectively. D. Groundnut Shell Ash TABLE 4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GSA & OPC Constituent Composition % (GSA) Composition % (OPC) Ferrous oxide(fe 2O 3) Silica (Sio 2) Calcium oxide (CaO) Aluminium oxide (Al 2O3) Magnesium oxide (MgO) Sodium oxide (Na 2O) Potassium oxide (K 2O) Sulphite (SO 3-) E. Sisal Fibre Sisal fibre reinforced concrete should be hand mixed. The influence of sisal fibers on the development of plastic shrinkage in the pre-hardened state, on tensile, compressive and bending strength in the hardened state of mortar mixes. The fibers are shown in Fig 2. Groundnut shell used for this research was obtained from Groundnut mill.. The sieve analysis and the specific gravity were carried out on GSA at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Department of Building. The ash are shown in Fig 1. Fig 1. Sisal Fibre TABLE 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SISAL FIBRE Fig 1. Groundnut Shell Ash TABLE 3 PROPERTIES OF GSA S.No Chemical Composition Percentage 1 Cellulose 65 2 Hemi cellulose 12 Property Value 3 Lignin 9.9 Specific gravity 1.81 Fineness modulus Waxes 2

4 V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS TABLE 6 PERCENTAGE OF REPLACING MATERIALS % Replaceme nt of GSA GSA in kg % Replaceme nt of SF SF in kg TABLE 7 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR CUBES OF DIFFERENT % OF GSA AND SISAL Specimen % GSA % SF Compressive strength (N/mm 2 ) (28 days) C 31.2 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C1 C11 C12 Graph 1. Compressive Strength TABLE 8 COMPARATIVE RESULT OF CUBE Specimen % GSA % Sisal Fibre Compressive strength (N/mm 2 ) C C C 31.2 C Graph 2 Comparison Graph Of Cube 2 2 The GSA was replaced by the cement in the range of 5%, 1%, 15% and 2%. Sisal fibers were replaced by 1%, 2% and 3%. These are the results obtained from the compressive strength of cube at 28 days of curing. Finally the results compared to the conventional concrete. TABLE 9 ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL BEAM S.No Load Deflection Remarks Initial Ultimate

5 Deflection (mm) Deflection (mm) Graph 3 Analysis Graph For Conventional Beam TABLE 1 RESULT OF GSA & SF CONCRETE BEAM S.No Load Deflection Remarks Initial Ultimate Load (KN) Load (KN) Graph 4 Analysis Graph for 5% GSA and 2% SF TABLE 11 COMPARATIVE RESULT OF CONCRETE BEAM S.No Specimen Ultimate Load (KN) 1 S Conventional concrete 2 S 1 (5% GSA and 2% SF) L/2 Deflection L/2 Deflection Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) Based on the above result 5% of GSA and 2% of SF concrete beam satisfy the requirement of conventional specimen. It leads to increase the value of flexural strength. VI. CONCLUSION Compressive strength of cube determined by the 28 days of strength and flexural strength of beam determined by the 7 days of casting. These specimens are also compared to the conventional concrete specimen. Based on the comparative analysis replacing materials satisfied the conventional specimen in the % replacement of 5% GSA and 2% SF. Based on the compressive strength result flexural strength will be conducted. From the both compressive and flexural strength test analysis 5% of GSA and 2% of SF could satisfy the ability workable of conventional specimen. It could be recommended for the light weight structure and simple foundation. REFERENCE 1. Buari T.A., Ademola S.A., Ayegbokiki S.T. (213), Characteristics Strength of groundnut shell ash (GSA) and Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) blended Concrete in Nigeria, IOSR Journal of Engineering, Department of Building Technology, vol.3, pp Sada B.H., Amartey Y.D., Bako S. (213), An investigation into the use of Groundnut shell as fine aggregate replacement, Nigerian Journal of Technology, Vol. 32, pp Raheem S.B., Oladiran G.F., Olutoge F.A and Odewumi T.O. (213), Strength properties of groundnut shell ash (GSA) blended concrete, Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, vol.4, pp Olutoge F. A., Buari T.A. and Adeleke J.S. (213), Characteristics Strength and Durability of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphate Environments, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol Nwofor T.C. and Sule S.(212), Stability of groundnut shell ash (GSA)/ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete in Nigeria, Pelagia Research Library, Advances in Applied Science Research,vol.3, pp Adole M.A., Dzasu W.E., Umar A. and Oraegbune O.M. (211), Effects of Groundnut

6 Husk Ash-blended Cement on Chemical Resistance of Concrete, ATBU Journal of Environmental Technology, vol.4, pp Alabadan B.A., Njoku C.F. and Yusuf M.O. (26), The Potentials of Groundnut Shell Ash as Concrete Admixture, Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR E journal, Vol Ketkukah T.S. and Ndububa E.E. (26), Groundnut Husk Ash as a partial replacement of cement in mortar, Nigerian Journal of Technology, Vol. 25, pp Aruna M. (214), Mechanical Behaviour of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Cement Composites, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering Vol.8, pp Prof. Yogesh Ravindra Suryawanshi and Mr. Jitendra D Dalvi (213), Study of Sisal Fibre as Concrete Reinforcement Material in Cement Based Composites, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol.2, pp. 1-4.