POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS, 4 IN. THROUGH 12 IN. (100 mm THROUGH 300 mm), FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION

Transcription

1 American Water Works Association ANSI/AWWA C (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C900-89) R AWWA STANDARD FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS, 4 IN. THROUGH 12 IN. (100 mm THROUGH 300 mm), FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION Effective date: Feb. 1, First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 8, This edition approved June 15, Approved by American National Standards Institute Dec. 1, AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235

2 AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036; (212) Copyright 1998 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA ii

3 Committee Personnel The AWWA subcommittee that developed this standard had the following personnel at the time: Leo A. Kinney Jr., Chair K.F. Cerotsky, Springfield Utility Board, Springfield, Ore. T.L. Chance, Camp, Dresser & McKee Inc., Houston, Texas Claude Corcos, J-M Manufacturing Company Inc., Livingston, N.J. A.T. Davies, Edmonton Public Works, Edmonton, Alta. H.R. Fraser, Mississauga, Ont. S.B. Gross, Certainteed Corporation, Blue Bell, Pa. Greg Gundel, Pro-Fitt, Bellingham, Wash. R.J. Holme, Proctor & Redfern Ltd., Don Mills, Ont. L.A. Kinney Jr., U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Bruce McPhee, Le-Ron Plastics Inc., Surrey, B.C. E.L. Melear, Pitman-Hartenstein & Associates, Jacksonville, Fla. R.P. Walker, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Dallas, Texas (USBR) (UNI-BELL) The AWWA Standards Committee on Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure Pipe and Fittings, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: T.L. Chance, Chair Robert P. Walker, Vice-Chair Leo A. Kinney Jr., Secretary Consumer Members J.L. Diebel, * Council Liaison, Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. D.A. Kellondonk, Aqualta, Edmonton, Alta. L.A. Kinney Jr., U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. J.L. May, City of Garland Water Utilities, Garland, Texas Mike Rickman, Dallas Water Utilities, Dallas, Texas V.R. Speight, Utilities Maintenance, Public Works & Engineering, Houston, Texas L.A. Wettering, Neenah Water Department, Neenah, Wis. D.R. Young, Florida Cities Water Company, Sarasota, Fla. (USBR) General Interest Members K.M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, Ill. J.P. Castronovo, CH2M Hill Inc., Gainesville, Fla. M.J. Devine, Coler & Colantonio Inc., Norwell, Mass. R.J. Holme, Proctor & Redfern Ltd., Don Mills, Ont. (UL) (NEWWA) *Liaison, nonvoting iii

4 J.H. Lee, Dayton & Knight Ltd., West Vancouver, B.C. S.A. McKelvie, Parsons Brinkerhoff, Boston, Mass. E.W. Misichko, * Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, Ill. J.R. Paschal, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich. J.G. Richard Jr., Consulting Engineer, Baton Rouge, La. J.K. Snyder, Snyder Environmental Engineering Associates, Audubon, Pa. J.H. Wilber, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (UL) (NSF) Producer Members Maria Boitz, J-M Manufacturing Company Inc., Livingston, N.J. J.E. Calkins, Certainteed Corporation, Valley Forge, Pa. Claude Corcos, * J-M Manufacturing Company Inc., Livingston, N.J. D.L. Eckstein, * Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Dallas, Texas D.W. Harrington, Harrington Corporation, Lynchburg, Va. J.F. Houle, Pacific Western Extruded Plastics Company, Eugene, Ore. P.H. Luckett, Multi Fittings USA, Austin, Texas J.H. Miller, JHM Enterprises, Oakville, Ont. Veso Sobot, IPEX Inc., Mississauga, Ont. R.P. Walker, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Dallas, Texas (UNI-BELL) (UNI-BELL) (UNI-BELL) (UNI-BELL) *Alternate Liaison, nonvoting iv

5 Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction... vii I.A Background... vii I.B History... vii I.C Acceptance... vii II Special Issues... viii III Use of This Standard... viii III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives... viii III.B Modification to Standard... ix IV Major Revisions... ix V Comments... ix Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope Purpose Application References Definitions Requirements 4.1 Permeation Materials Pipe Requirements Machined Coupling Requirements Fabricated Fitting Requirements Joint Requirements Pressure-Class Designations Verification 5.1 Quality-Control and Qualification Test Requirements Quality-Control Records Plant Inspection Delivery 6.1 Marking Shipping and Delivery Affidavit of Compliance Appendix A Bibliography Figure 1 Lap Shear Test... 8 Tables 1 Dimensions, Pressure Classes, and Dimension Ratios (DRs) for PVC Pipe With Cast-Iron-Pipe- Equivalent ODs Sustained-Pressure Requirements Burst-Pressure Requirements Temperature Coefficients... 7 v

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7 Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C900. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. This standard pertains to 4-in. through 12-in. (100-mm through 300-mm) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipe and fabricated fittings with cast-iron-pipe-equivalent (CI) outside diameter (OD) dimensions and with wallthickness dimension ratios (DRs) of 14, 18, and 25. Design considerations are provided in AWWA M23, PVC Pipe Design and Installation (1980), which provides detailed information on PVC pipe covered by ANSI/AWWA C900. The manual includes chapters on general properties of PVC pipe; manufacturing, testing, and inspection; pressure capacity; design factors for external forces; hydraulics; receiving, storage, and handling; testing and maintenance; and service connections (tapping). Recommended installation guidance is provided in ANSI/AWWA C605, Standard for Underground Installation of PVC Pressure Pipe and Fittings for Water. In addition, ANSI/AWWA C907, Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Fittings for Water, 4 in. Through 8 in. (100 mm Through 200 mm), provides information on injection-molded fittings for use with the PVC pipes covered by ANSI/ AWWA C900. For PVC pipe and fittings diameters greater than 12 in. (300 mm), refer to ANSI/AWWA C905, Standard for PVC Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 14 in. Through 36 in., for Water Transmission. I.B. History. This is the fourth edition of AWWA C900. In 1966, AWWA appointed Committee 8350-D to study and report on the adaptability of plastic pipe for use within the water industry. The committee presented its report on June 6, 1967, at AWWA s annual conference. The report included a recommendation that a task group be appointed to prepare standards for the use of plastic materials. The AWWA Standards Committee on Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe was established in The first, second, and third editions of this standard were approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 8, 1975; Jan. 25, 1981; and Jan. 29, 1989, respectively. In June 1988, the Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe Committee was divided into two separate committees: the Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure Pipe and Fittings Standards Committee and the Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings Standards Committee. This edition of ANSI/AWWA C900 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 15, I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association, and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. vii

8 In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. * Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, Specific policies of the state or local agency. 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, ANSI /NSF 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals Health Effects, and ANSI/NSF 61, Drinking Water System Components Health Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with ANSI/NSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Appendix A, Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures, to ANSI/NSF 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of unregulated contaminants are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Appendix A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. AWWA C does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this section. III. Use of This Standard. AWWA has no responsibility for the suitability or compatibility of the provisions of this standard to any intended application by any user. Accordingly, each user of this standard is responsible for determining that the standard s provisions are suitable for and compatible with that user s intended application. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be covered in the purchaser s specifications: *Persons in Canada, Mexico, and non-north American countries should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY NSF International, 3475 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2102 Constitution Ave. N.W., Washington, DC viii

9 1. Standard used that is, ANSI/AWWA C900, Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Distribution, of latest revision. 2. Pipe and fabricated fittings. a. Nominal size (for example, 4 in.). b. Pressure class or DR (see Table 1). c. Linear feet of each pressure class or DR for each nominal pipe size to be furnished. d. Number, nominal size, pressure class, or DR and configuration for all fittings and couplings (for example, 20, nominal 10-in. DR 18, tees). * 3. Specifications. When desired, requirements such as the following should be specified in the purchase contract: a. Affidavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3). b. Standard lengths (Sec ). c. Shipping and delivery (Sec. 6.2). d. Standard configurations (Sec ). 4. Plant inspection. If plant inspections are desired, provisions must be specified in the purchase contract (Sec. 5.3): a. Production notice. The manufacturer should be required to give adequate advance notice of when and where production of ordered materials will start. b. Inspection aids. The manufacturer should be required to make available to the purchaser, without charge, such tools and assistance as are necessary for the inspection and handling of materials. c. Inspection limitations. To exclude inspection of proprietary manufacturing processes, the manufacturer should be required to give advance notice to the purchaser. III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchaser s specifications. IV. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this edition include the following: 1. The format has been changed to AWWA standard style. 2. The acceptance clause (Sec. I.C) and the definitions of parties (Sec. 3) have been revised to approved wording. 3. Fabricated PVC fittings have been added. 4. Appendix A, Design Requirements and Criteria for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe for Water Distribution, has been removed (see AWWA M23). V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call the AWWA Standards and Materials Development Department, (303) ext. 6283, FAX (303) , or write to the department at 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO *NOTE: Purchaser s specifications may allow or require the use of fittings other than those described in ANSI/AWWA C900. Some examples of compatible fittings include those covered in AWWA Standards C907, C153, and C110. ix

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11 American Water Works Association R ANSI/AWWA C (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C900-89) AWWA STANDARD FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS, 4 IN. THROUGH 12 IN. (100 mm THROUGH 300 mm), FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION SECTION 1: GENERAL Sec. 1.1 Sec. 1.2 Sec. 1.3 Scope This standard covers 4-in. through 12-in. (100-mm through 300-mm) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipe and fabricated fittings with cast-iron-pipe-equivalent (CI) outside diameter (OD) dimensions and with wall-thickness-dimension ratios (DRs) 14, 18, and 25. Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide direction and guidance for manufacturing, testing, selecting, and purchasing PVC pressure pipe and fabricated fittings for underground water distribution systems. Application This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving PVC pressure pipe and fabricated fittings, 4 in. through 12 in. (100 mm through 300 mm), for water distribution. This standard can be used as a guide for manufacturing and testing this type of pressure pipe. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to PVC pressure pipe and fabricated fittings, 4 in. through 12 in. (100 mm through 300 mm). 1

12 2 AWWA C SECTION 2: REFERENCES This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. ANSI * /ASTM D1784 Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds. ASTM D1598 Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure. ASTM D1599 Standard Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings. ASTM D2122 Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings. ASTM D2152 Standard Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion. ASTM D2241 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series). ASTM D2412 Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading. ASTM D2564 Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems. ASTM D2837 Standard Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials. ASTM D2855 Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings. ASTM D3139 Standard Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals. ASTM F477 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe. NSF 61 Drinking Water System Components Health Effects. PPI TR-3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Recommended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials. SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Dimension ratio (DR): For pipe covered by this standard, the DR is determined by dividing the average OD of the pipe by its minimum wall thickness and rounding off the dimensionless quotient, when necessary, to the nearest whole number. *American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA NSF International, 3475 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI Plastics Pipe Institute, 1275 K St. N.W., Ste. 400, Washington, DC

13 PVC PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS 3 2. Fabricated PVC fitting: Fabricated fittings comprise single or multiple segments of PVC pipe cut in wedge shapes, or otherwise prepared to accept leg insertions, and joined under factory-controlled conditions to form an essentially homogeneous structure. Reinforcement may be applied and permanently bonded to the outside surfaces of the fitting. 3. Hydrostatic design basis (HDB): The long-term, hydrostatic-strength (hoop stress) rating of a specific plastic pipe material as determined by hydrostatic tests, evaluation, and categorization procedures in accordance with ASTM D2837. This standard requires the use of PVC compounds that qualify for an HDB rating of 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa). 4. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 5. Pressure class (PC): A pipe s designated design capacity, in pounds per square inch (psi), that corresponds with its recommended safe sustained operating pressure. Pressure class designations include an allowance for pressure surges above the maximum sustained operating pressure caused by instantaneous velocity changes of 2 ft/s (0.61 m/s). Pressure class designations are based on long-term, pressure testing at 73.4 F (23 C). 6. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 7. Sample/specimen: The word sample is only used to describe a piece or quantity of bulk material that has been selected by some sampling process. Pieces or quantities taken from production for testing are called specimens. To describe the piece on which a test is made, specimen or test specimen is used. 8. Supplier: The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or may not be the manufacturer. SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS Sec. 4.1 Sec. 4.2 Permeation The selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution pipe in locations where there is likelihood the pipe will be exposed to significant concentrations of pollutants comprised of low molecular weight petroleum products or organic solvents or their vapors. Research has documented that pipe materials such as polyethylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride, and asbestos cement, and elastomers, such as used in jointing gaskets and packing glands, may be subject to permeation by lower molecular weight organic solvents or petroleum products. If a water pipe must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to contamination, consult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls, jointing materials, and so forth, before selecting materials for use in that area. Materials Pipes, couplings, and fabricated fittings. PVC pipe, couplings, and fabricated fittings shall be made from virgin PVC resin that has been compounded to provide physical and chemical properties that equal or exceed cell class B as defined in ASTM D1784, and shall qualify for a hydrostatic design basis (HDB) of 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa) at 73.4 F (23 C) per the requirements of PPI TR-3.

14 4 AWWA C Rework materials. Clean rework materials generated from the manufacturer s own pipe or fitting production may be used by the same manufacturer for the same purposes provided that the following criteria are present: a. They comply with all applicable requirements of ASTM D1784 for cell class B and this standard. b. The finished products are equal in quality to products made from virgin PVC compounds Certification for potable-water service. PVC compounds and products shall be tested for chemical extractants and certified as suitable for potable-water distribution service by an accredited testing agency acceptable to the purchaser, in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than the applicable requirements specified in NSF Gaskets and lubricants. Gaskets and lubricants intended for use with PVC pipe, couplings, and fabricated fittings shall be made from materials that are compatible with the pipe and with each other when used together. Gaskets and lubricants shall not adversely affect the potable quality of the water that is to be transported (see foreword, Sec. I.C) Elastomeric gaskets. One gasket shall be furnished with each bell end of every pipe, fitting, and coupling. Elastomeric gaskets shall meet the requirements of ASTM F477 for high-head (50 ft of head or higher) applications Fabricated fitting overwrapped reinforcement. Optional reinforcement, either PVC or non-pvc, may be applied by the manufacturer to meet the requirements of this standard Resin. All resins used shall be a commercial grade of unsaturated polyester resin or epoxy resin Glass. All glass reinforcing materials shall be commercial E type glass in the form of mat, continuous roving or roving fabric, or a combination of these, having a coupling agent that bonds the glass reinforcement and the resin. Sec. 4.3 Pipe Requirements Workmanship. When manufactured, pipe shall be homogeneous throughout; free from voids, cracks, inclusions, and other defects; and as uniform as commercially practical in color, density, and other physical properties. Pipe surfaces shall be free from nicks and significant scratches. * The joining surfaces of pipe spigots and integral-bell and sleeve-reinforced bell sockets shall be free of imperfections that might cause leakage at joints Dimensions Pipe barrel. The dimensions and tolerances of the pipe barrel shall conform with the applicable requirements listed in Table 1 when measured as specified in ASTM D Elastomeric-gasket bell ends. The dimensions of the integral bell ends shall meet one of the following requirements when measured according to ASTM D2122. a. The bell wall thickness at any point shall conform to the dimension ratio of the pipe except in the annular gasket ring groove and bell entry lip portions where the wall shall be at least the minimum thickness of the pipe barrel (Table 1). *Scratches that extend 10 percent or more into the pipe wall shall be considered significant.

15 PVC PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS 5 Table 1 Dimensions, pressure classes, and dimension ratios (DRs) for PVC* pipe with cast-iron-pipe-equivalent ODs Nominal Size in. Pressure Class at 73.4 F (23 C) psi (kpa) DR Average Tolerance Minimum Tolerance (690) (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) (4.88) (0.58) (950) (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) (6.78) (0.81) (1,380) (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) (8.71) (1.04) (690) (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) (7.01) (0.84) (950) (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) (9.73) (0.17) (1,380) (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) (12.52) (1.50) (690) (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) (9.19) (1.09) (950) (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) (12.78) (1.52) (1,380) (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) (16.41) (1.98) (690) (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) (11.28) (1.35) (950) (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) (15.67) (1.88) (1,380) (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) (20.14) (2.41) (690) (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) (13.41) (1.60) (950) (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) (18.62) (2.24) (1,380) (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) (23.95) (2.87) *Hydrostatic design stress (HDS) = 1,600 psi. OD in. (mm) Wall Thickness in. (mm) b. Designs not meeting the requirements of (a) shall be tested to verify that the joint assemblies qualify for a hydrostatic design basis (HDB) category of 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa) when tested in accordance with ASTM D2837 as modified in ASTM D Standard lengths. Pipe shall be furnished in standard laying lengths of 20 ft ± 1 in. (6.1 m ± 25 mm), unless otherwise agreed on at time of purchase Physical properties Sustained pressure. The pipe or fabricated fitting shall not fail, balloon, burst, or weep, as defined in ASTM D1598, at the applicable sustained pressure listed in Table 2 when six specimens are tested for 1,000 h as specified in ASTM D2241. Either free-end or restrained-end closures that are free of leaks at maximum pressure shall be used Burst pressure. The quick-burst strength of pipe, including any integral bell end, shall meet the applicable minimum pressure requirement listed in Table 3 when tested in accordance with the specimen and sample sizes, conditioning, and procedural requirements listed in ASTM D1599. At least three of the five test specimens shall have a portion of the required markings located at least one pipe diameter away from an end closure. For bell-end pipe, the bell shall be included as a part of at least two test specimens. The ability to attain hydrostatic pressure equal to or greater than the values in Table 3 within seconds shall indicate passing this test requirement Hydrostatic integrity. The pipe, including any integral bell end or affixed coupling, shall not fail, balloon, burst, or weep when subjected to an internal

16 6 AWWA C Table 2 Sustained-pressure requirements Pressure Class Pressure Required for Test With Water at 73.4 F (23 C) DR psi (kpa) psi (kpa) , (4,480) (3,450) (2,410) NOTE: Test pressures were derived using a pipe fiber stress of 4,200 psi (29,000 kpa). Table 3 Burst-pressure requirements Pressure Class Pressure Required for Test With Water at 73.4 F (23 C) DR psi (kpa) psi (kpa) , (6,790) (5,210) (3,690) NOTE: Test pressures were derived using a pipe fiber stress of 6,400 psi (44,175 kpa). pressure equal to four times its designated pressure class, as listed in Table 1, for a minimum dwell of 5 seconds. The pipe shall attain ambient temperature before testing. When the ambient temperature is higher than 77 F (25 C), the test pressure shall be reduced by applying the appropriate temperature coefficient from Table Flattening. Three specimens of pipe, a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) long, shall be flattened between parallel plates in a suitable press until the distance between the plates is 40 percent of the OD of the pipe. The three specimens shall be oriented in accordance with the section entitled Procedure of ASTM D2412; except, if no minimum wall thickness has been identified, a spider line shall be used as the base line. The rate of flattening shall be uniform and such that the compression is completed within 2 to 5 min. The applied load shall then be removed and the specimen examined. There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking Extrusion quality. The pipe shall not fail when tested by the acetone-immersion method as specified in ASTM D2152. Sec. 4.4 Machined Coupling Requirements Workmanship. The body and joining surfaces of couplings machined from extruded pipe shall conform with the same requirements as specified for pipe in Sec Dimensions. The computed dimension ratio of gasketed PVC couplings machined from extruded pipe shall not be greater than the DR of the pipe, except in the annular gasket space and coupling entry where the wall thickness shall be at least the minimum wall thickness of the pipe (Table 1) Burst pressure. The quick-burst strength of couplings shall not be less than the minimum burst pressure specified for the pipe with which the couplings are designed to be used when tested as specified in Sec

17 PVC PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS 7 Table 4 Temperature coefficients Pipe Temperature Pressure Rating Reduction F ( C) Coefficient 80 (27) (32) (38) (43) (49) (54) (60) Hydrostatic integrity. Couplings shall not fail, balloon, burst, or weep when subjected to an internal pressure equal to four times the designated pressure class of the pipe with which it is designed to be used. The coupling shall attain ambient temperature before testing. When the ambient temperature is higher than 77 F (25 C), the test pressure shall be reduced using Table Standard quantities. If elastomeric-gasketed couplings are to be used as the primary pipe-joining method, one such coupling of a corresponding size and pressure class shall be furnished with each length of plain-end pipe. Sec. 4.5 Fabricated Fitting Requirements Workmanship. Fittings shall be fabricated from PVC pipe meeting the requirements of this standard. The component pipe segments and the bonds between them shall be free from voids, cracks, inclusions, and other defects. The joining surfaces of spigots and bells shall be free from imperfections that could cause leaks. When component segments are joined using solvent cement, the procedure shall conform with the standard practice for making pressure joints in ASTM D Dimensions Fitting barrel. All edge-joined segments of a fabricated fitting shall have the same dimension ratio Standard configurations. Standard configurations shall include customary angles for branch connections or bends. Non-standard angles of branch connections or bends may be specified. Leg lengths shall be the minimum practical for the method of fabrication, unless otherwise specified Reinforcement of solvent cement joints. Fitting segments that are joined by solvent cementing shall be designed on the basis of a maximum lap shear strength of the solvent cement joint of 900 psi (6.2 MPa). Overwrapped reinforcement shall not be considered in design of the solvent cement joint Segment joint quality Edge-joined fabricated fitting segments. There shall be no evidence of arcing or sparks from the probe tip when butt-fused or thermally welded joints are subjected to the following test. A grounding medium compatible with PVC pipe shall be applied to the inside or outside of each butt-fused or thermally welded segment joint before any reinforcement is applied. The grounding medium in the prepared resin (polyester or epoxy) is graphite, which is added to the resin in the proportion of 20 percent by volume. The

18 8 AWWA C Test specimen Applied force,, Joint,y,,,,,,, y yy,,,, Notch shall be machined to match radius of the test specimen Lap sheer testing device Figure 1 Lap shear test grounding medium shall cover the joint with a strip not less than 1 in. (25 mm) wide. A suitable probe, energized with 25,000 V, shall be swept along the joint line approximately 0.1 in. (3 mm) away from the PVC surface of the joined segments on the side opposite to the grounding medium. Any discontinuity in the segment joint is indicated by the jump of an arc (sparking) from the probe tip and shall be cause for rejection of the fitting Solvent cemented bond quality. Specimens for lap shear testing shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D2564, except as modified in this standard. The test specimens shall be obtained from a sample solvent cemented joint produced by solvent cementing component pipe segments identical to those to be used to fabricate fittings. After at least a 72-h solvent cement curing time at 73.4 ± 3.6 F (23 ± 2 C), three specimens shall be tested per segment joint. Each specimen shall be a section of the segment joint measuring approximately 1 in. 2in. (25 mm 50 mm) and shall not include any overwrapping reinforcement. A portion of each test specimen shall be machined off as needed to obtain a specimen similar to that shown in Figure 1. After placing the specimen in a testing device similar to that shown in Figure 1, apply the force at a shear speed of 0.05 in. (1.25 mm)/min. The minimum average lap shear strength of the three specimens shall be 900 psi (6.2 MPa). NOTE: Where mechanical joint restraint devices are used to control thrust movements of fabricated fittings, consult with the fittings manufacturer to determine the tensile thrust limitations for the specific sizes, configurations, and pressure classes specified Pressure test. The fabricated fitting shall not fail, balloon, burst, or weep when subjected to an internal pressure equal to four times its designated pressure class for a minimum of 1 h.

19 PVC PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS 9 Sec. 4.6 Sec. 4.7 Joint Requirements Bell-end pipe, couplings, and fittings designed for making PVC joints using elastomeric gaskets to effect the pressure seal shall be tested as assembled joints and shall meet the laboratory performance requirements specified in ASTM D3139. (These are qualifying test requirements to determine proper design and performance of specimen joints.) Pressure-Class Designations Pipe and couplings. Pressure-classes (PCs) shall be as listed in Table 1 for the three different DRs covered by this standard. The pressure classes apply to maximum sustained working pressure and provide for a pressure rise above maximum working pressure caused by surge (water hammer) from an instantaneous water velocity change of 2 ft/s (0.61 m/s). Pipe pressure-classes shall be based on a safety factor of 2.5 when calculated using the following equation: PC = 2 HDB P DR 1 F s (Eq 1) Where: PC = Pressure class, in pounds per square inch (for sustained pipe temperature above 73.4 F [23 C], see Table 4) DR = Dimension ratio (Sec. 3) HDB = Hydrostatic design basis, which for this standard shall be 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa) F = Safety factor, which for this standard shall be 2.5 P s = Surge pressure allowance, in pounds per square inch, based on an instantaneous velocity change of 2 ft/s (0.61 m/s). The pressure rise for a 2 ft/s (0.61 m/s) abrupt velocity change is 40, 35, and 30 psi (280, 240, and 200 kpa) for DRs 14, 18, and 25, respectively Fabricated fittings. Fabricated PVC fittings meeting the requirements of this standard shall have the pressure class designations listed in Table 1 that are equivalent to the dimension ratio of the pipe used in their fabrication. The determination of pressure classes and safety factors for fabricated fittings shall follow the method given in Sec for pipe meeting the requirements of this standard, ignoring the effect of any overwrapped reinforcement. SECTION 5: VERIFICATION Sec. 5.1 Quality-Control and Qualification Test Requirements The manufacturer shall take adequate measures in the production of extruded PVC pipe, couplings, and fabricated fittings to assure product compliance with the requirements of this standard. The pipe, couplings, and fabricated fittings shall be tested at 73.4 ± 3.6 F (23 ± 2 C), unless otherwise specified, in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6 at intervals as required in this standard Pipe dimensions. The dimensions of pipe produced from each extrusion outlet, and the bell or sleeve-reinforced bell of pipe with such ends, shall be measured

20 10 AWWA C in accordance with Sec at the beginning of production of each specific material and each size. Thereafter, one specimen from each extrusion outlet shall be measured each hour Coupling dimensions. The dimensions of machined couplings shall be measured in accordance with Sec at the beginning of production of each specific material and each size. Thereafter, one specimen shall be measured each hour Sustained pressure. At the beginning of production and semiannually thereafter, specimens of 4-in. (100-mm) or 6-in. (150-mm) pipe and of 8-in. (200-mm) or larger pipe that are made from each PVC pressure pipe commercial compound (i.e., material) shall be tested in accordance with Sec (These tests are for qualification of the compound and the extrusion process not for quality control of the product.) Pipe burst strength. The quick-burst strength of pipe produced from each extrusion outlet shall be tested in accordance with Sec at the beginning of production of each specific material and each size. Thereafter, one specimen from each extrusion outlet shall be tested every 24 h Coupling burst strength. The quick-burst strength of machined couplings shall be tested in accordance with Sec at the beginning of production of each specific material and each size. Thereafter, one specimen shall be tested every 8h Flattening capability. The flattening capability of pipe shall be tested in accordance with Sec at the beginning of production from each extrusion outlet for each specific material and each size. Thereafter, one specimen from each extrusion outlet shall be tested every 8 h Extrusion quality. The pipe produced from each extrusion outlet shall be tested in accordance with Sec at the beginning of production of each specific material and each size. Thereafter, one specimen from each extrusion outlet shall be tested every 8 h Fitting segment fusion. Each fitting manufactured using the butt-fusion or thermal welding method of segment joining shall be tested in accordance with Sec Fitting segment solvent cemented bond quality. Where solvent cementing is used to join fitting segments, the quality of the bond shall be tested in accordance with Sec at the startup of a production run. Thereafter, the quality of the bond shall be tested at least once every 15 calendar days of production or 200 fittings, whichever is more frequent Fabricated fitting pressure tests Qualification pressure test. For a specific production process and whenever the production process is changed, a representative fabricated fitting specimen shall be subjected to a sustained pressure test in accordance with Sec A representative specimen shall be the most critically stressed fitting configuration. (NOTE: Critical stresses generally occur where fitting segments are joined together.) Quality control pressure test. At the beginning of production and at least once every 15 calendar days of production or 200 fittings, whichever is more frequent, a fabricated fitting specimen shall be tested in accordance with Sec Provision for test failure. When any PVC product fails to meet a requirement specified in this standard or in a referenced standard, additional tests shall be performed to determine which products are acceptable of those produced

21 PVC PRESSURE PIPE AND FABRICATED FITTINGS 11 since the last favorable test. Products that fail to meet any requirement shall be rejected Hydrostatic proof test for pipe. Each standard and random length of pipe shall be proof tested in accordance with Sec Hydrostatic proof test for machined couplings. Each separate machined coupling shall be proof tested in accordance with Sec Additional test requirements. The purchaser or supplier may allow the manufacturer to conduct hydrostatic proof tests for pipes or couplings at test frequencies other than required in Sec and Sec. 5.2 Sec. 5.3 Quality-Control Records The manufacturer shall maintain, for a period of not less than two years, a record of all quality-control tests and shall, if requested, submit the pertinent record to the purchaser. Plant Inspection Plant access. The purchaser shall have free access to those parts of a manufacturer s plant that are necessary to assure that products comply with all requirements Responsibility for compliance. Plant inspection by the purchaser or the omission of such inspections shall not relieve the manufacturer of the responsibility to furnish materials complying with the applicable requirements of this standard. SECTION 6: DELIVERY Sec. 6.1 Marking General. Pipe, couplings, and fittings shall bear identification markings that will remain legible during normal handling, storage, and installation. The markings shall be applied in a manner that will not reduce the strength of any product covered by this standard Pipe. Marking on pipe shall include the following and shall be applied at intervals of not more than 5 ft (1.5 m): a. Nominal size (for example, 4 in.). b. PVC. c. Dimension ratio (for example, DR 25). d. AWWA pressure class (for example, PC 100). e. AWWA designation number for this standard (ANSI/AWWA C900-97). f. Manufacturer s name or trademark and production-record code. g. Seal (mark) of the testing agency verifying the suitability of the pipe material for potable-water service (Sec ) Couplings and fabricated fittings. Marking on couplings and fabricated fittings shall include the following: a. Nominal size and deflection angle if applicable (for example, 8 in. 4in. or 8-in. 45 ). b. PVC. c. AWWA pressure class (for example, PC 150). d. AWWA designation number for this standard (ANSI/AWWA C900-97). e. Manufacturer s name or trademark.

22 12 AWWA C f. Seal (mark) of the testing agency verifying the suitability of the coupling or fitting for potable-water service (Sec ). Sec. 6.2 Sec. 6.3 Shipping and Delivery Shipping. All pipe, couplings, and fabricated fittings shall, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, be prepared for standard commercial shipment Delivery. Pipe, couplings, and fabricated fittings that do not comply with the applicable requirements of this standard or that are damaged when received shall be replaced by the manufacturer or supplier at the agreed point of delivery. Affidavit of Compliance The manufacturer shall, if so specified by the purchaser, furnish an affidavit that all delivered materials comply with the requirements of this standard and of the purchaser.

23 APPENDIX A Bibliography This appendix is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C ANSI/AWWA C605 Standard for Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fittings for Water. 2. ANSI/AWWA C905 Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, Nominal Diameters 14 in. Through 48 in. (350 mm Through 1,200 mm) for Water Transmission and Distribution. 3. ANSI/AWWA C907 Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Fittings for Water 4 In. Through 8 in. (100 mm Through 200 mm). 4. AWWA Manual M23, PVC Pipe, Design, and Installation. AWWA, Denver, Colo. (1980). 5. Uni-Bell Handbook of PVC Pipe Design and Construction, third edition. Dallas, Texas: Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association (1991). 13

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