AAMA (pronounced AH mah") is the acronym for the American Architectural Manufacturers Association

Transcription

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 AAMA (pronounced AH mah") is the acronym for the American Architectural Manufacturers Association 4

5 Image 1 Bauxite casting pit in Otranto, Italy (Dec 2010) Image 2 Bauxite mineral, with US penny to indicate scale Image 3 aluminum billet Image 4 extrusions from billet 5

6 The ultimate recycled material, the Aluminum Association reports: Annual U.S. aluminum can consumption is 100 billion units, the equivalent of one per day for each citizen. It requires only 5% of the energy to recycle aluminum as it does to smelt new aluminum. Because of recycling, more than two thirds of the aluminum ever smelted is still in use. Upon demolition, 90% of the aluminum in buildings is recycled. One case of un recycled aluminum cans wastes the amount of energy in a gallon of gas. On average, aluminum cans are back in use 60 days after recycling. The aluminum industry has cut carbon emissions by 53% in the last 15 years. 6

7 7

8 8

9 Anodize is an electrochemical process that thickens and toughens the naturally occurring protective oxide. The resulting finish is the second hardest substance known to man, second only to the diamond. The purpose of anodizing is to form a layer of aluminum oxide that will protect the aluminum beneath it. The aluminum oxide layer has a much higher corrosion and abrasion resistance than aluminum. 9

10 The characteristics of anodize make it an excellent choice for use in high traffic areas, such as doors and railings, where hardness and abrasion resistance properties are vital. 10

11 In the 1920s, aluminum turned the metals world upside down with its benefits of light weight strength, fabrication flexibility, and durability. The first finishing technology developed was the anodize process, which provided corrosion resistant, long lasting protection and color on the aluminum surface. Anodized aluminum is 100% recyclable without any additional process steps to remove the aluminum coating. Anodized aluminum resists the ravages of time, temperature, corrosion, humidity, and warping, adding to its incredibly long lifecycle. 11

12 Unlike other finishes, as an integral part of the substrate, anodizing highlights aluminum s metallic appearance. To help conceal some of the irregularities in aluminum some anodizers have changed to an eco friendly process, verses the traditional anodize. Eco friendly anodize creates an aesthetically appealing, frostier, matte finish that helps hide small defects, such as die lines, flow lines, minor corrosion and scratches, that may occur on the aluminum surface of architectural products, particularly with secondary, recycled billet. Some refer to this eco friendly anodize process as acid etch anodize. 12

13 Eco Friendly Anodize: Frostier matte finish that hides small defects by utilizing a lower gloss and refracting light verses reflecting it with a higher gloss coating. Secondary billet can be successfully anodized, contributing to recycled material content by green programs such as LEED. Verified results that meet or exceed the AAMA 611 specification. The eco friendly anodize process reduces landfill waste used with conventional etch processes by 75 80%. Landfill waste directly relates to the production of greenhouse gas. Lower gloss level reduces glare in bright sunlight. Gloss level reading is reduced from 18 to 25 for clear, and 14 to 20 for color with conventional anodize, down to a gloss level of 7 to 12 for clear and 3 to 8 for color. Process byproducts are recyclable and can be used in the production of other aluminum products. Reduced aluminum removal during the anodize process. (.03 mils vs. 3.0 mils with traditional anodize). 13

14 John Hancock Center in downtown Chicago still has the original black anodize exterior cladding. Located at 875 North Michigan Avenue in the Streeterville area of Chicago, Illinois, the John Hancock Building is a 100 story, 1,127 foot tall skyscraper, constructed under the supervision of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. When the building topped out on May 6, 1968, it was the tallest building in the world outside New York City. It is currently the fourth tallest building in Chicago and the sixthtallest in the United States, after the Willis Tower, the Empire State Building, the Bank of America Tower, the Trump Tower Chicago, and the Aon Center. When measured to the top of its antenna masts, it stands at 1,506 feet (459 m). The building is home to offices and restaurants, as well as about 700 condominiums and contains the third highest residence in the world, after the Trump Tower also in Chicago and the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. This skyscraper was named for John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, a developer and original tenant of the building. Details The exterior cladding is black anodize with tinted bronze glass 100 story steel structure tower, 344 meters tall. Floors 1 5 commercial, 6 12 parking, office, apartment, television, 14

15 observatory, restaurant, mechanical 14

16 Listed are the specification and warranty variances between a Class I and Class II anodize finish. Class I and Class II anodic coatings are designations created by the Aluminum Association for the purpose of codifying the specification of anodized aluminum. Class I coating has a mil thickness of 0.7 (18 microns) or greater Class II coating has a minimum mil thickness of 0.4 (10 microns) Class I coating is a high performance anodic finish used primarily for exterior building products and other products that must withstand continuous outdoor exposure. Class II coating is a commercial anodic finish recommended for interior applications or light exterior applications receiving regularly scheduled cleaning and maintenance such as storefronts. When specifying anodize, be sure it meets the anodizing AAMA specification of M10C21A44 is the aluminum designation for eco friendly anodize; specifically, the C21, which refers to a fine matte etching process. Always specify your color choice and a color consistency range of 5 delta E or less. The 15

17 anodizer should have automated process lines which provide the most reliable and consistent results. 15

18 16

19 Paint may be defined as a thin layer of plastic film containing resin, binder and pigments that is applied to the surface of an object to provide protection and a decorative organic coating. The primary component of paint is referred to as the resin. The type of paint comes from the resin system Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Polyester, Acrylic, Polyurethane, Epoxy. It is not uncommon for a coating to contain several resins, which help the coating perform to specific requirements. Resins are the compounds in the paint that form the film and hold the pigment in place. The resin system incorporated into the paint is the determining factor in the specific characteristics and performance properties. In the architectural industry, two primary resin systems are involved in finishing of metals: fluoropolymer based (PVDF, Kynar) or "baked enamel" type, usually composed of acrylic or polyester resins. 17

20 70% PVDF coatings offer the ultimate protection in building performance. These finishes exhibit outstanding resistance to humidity, color change, chalk, gloss loss and chemicals. These sustainable coatings will ensure a long lasting, durable finish. No other coating system can withstand the rigors of nature and time like those based on the Kynar 500 resin. 70% PVDF coatings meet the most stringent AAMA specification of % PVDF coatings offer an intermediate coating. This finish provides good color and gloss retention. It also offers good hardness and abrasion resistance, making it a good choice for storefront, doors, or other high traffic areas. 50% PVDF coatings meet the intermediate specification of AAMA

21 When people describe paint systems, they are referring to the resin system incorporated in the paint. The resin system determines the performance and properties of the paint. A 70% PVDF paint requires 70% of the resin to be PVDF, the rest of the resin system is an acrylic blend. The most popular trade name for a 70% PVDF coating is Kynar. 19

22 High performance 70% PVDF coatings, such as those containing Arkema Inc s Kynar 500 resin system, give building owners, architects, and specifiers the capability to select nearly any conceivable color, or combination of colors, while shielding the building against aging, weathering, and pollution. Kynar coatings have been the proven mainstay in the architectural market since their inception. These high performance PVDF coatings were introduced in 1965 and have been the trusted paint finish in the construction industry for more than 45 years. PVDF paint coatings have the ability to withstand enduring and intense ultraviolet radiation, attributing to long term color and gloss retention, and chalk resistance. The resin system, incorporated into the paint, determines the characteristics and performance properties of the coating. The carbon fluorine bond, used in the Kynar 500 resin based coating, is one of the strongest bonds known. 20

23 70% PVDF coatings include standard color, two coat systems, consisting of a primer and color coat. Two coat mica systems, also consisting of a primer and color coat. Three coat and four coat systems for metallic and exotic colors. These systems include a clear top coat and sometimes a barrier coat. The clear top coat is an essential component of three and four coat systems. It provides added protection against ultraviolet radiation, humidity and chemical attack. A clear top coat is required for bright/exotic colors and all colors containing metallic flake. In applications worldwide, PVDF paint coatings have demonstrated superior performance and outstanding resistance to film degredation. 21

24 Color creates a mood and makes a desired first impression quickly and more effectively than almost any other architectural component. Sunlight, and its harsh UV rays, can quickly turn red to pink, brown to tan, and a deep blue to sky blue. 70% PVDF coatings have created a coating system that resists chemical breakdown and prevents color fading better than any other architectural paint finish. 22

25 The primary environmental concern with liquid paints is the solvents used to deliver the paint to the part; some of the solvents used are considered VOC content and must be destroyed. VOC content, when released directly into the atmosphere, has been known as a contributor to ozone depletion. However, environmentally conscious finishers use a 100% air capture system and destroy the VOCs with a regenerative thermal oxidizer, so there is no adverse environmental impact. VOC content is off gassed and cured at the factory before arrival on the building site. When the applicator utilizes this equipment a building finished with PVDF (Kynar) paint coatings will be 100% VOC free at the project site. A new, environmentally responsible coating system is available for on site repair of damage related to building construction, as well as the restoration of the finish of existing structures. This new, on site finishing option helps preserve commercial and residential properties' green goals, as well as performance and aesthetics. Akzo Nobel s water based TRINAR Aqua ADS was created to meet the interior specifications for the Green Seal Standard and the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System, offering very low VOC (volatile organic compound) content. 23

26 Despite the harsh environment and pollution associated with large cities, the Boeing Headquarters, built in 1977, still showcases the original white Fluropon 70% PVDF paint. When determining the sustainable considerations of a building, one important point to be considered is the longevity of the product. Why choose a coating that may need to be replaced 3 to 4 times during a buildings lifetime when a PVDF paint coating, with proper care and maintenance, can give forty years of unparalleled service? 24

27 Architects and building owners should determine which performance specification is required, along with the paint color. In order to ensure the paint performance expected for a high performance coating application, one of two AAMA specifications should be referenced: AAMA 2604 or AAMA AAMA 2605 is the highest performance exterior specification. A paint meeting this specification would be a 70% fluoropolymer. These finishes exhibit outstanding resistance to humidity, color change, chalk, gloss loss and chemicals. An application for this finish would include monumental architectural projects. AAMA 2604 is an "intermediate" specification. A paint meeting this specification would be a 50% fluoropolymer. An application for this paint would be storefront, doors, or other high traffic areas. This finish will provide good color and gloss retention. It also will provide good hardness and abrasion resistance. 25

28 AAMA 2604 and AAMA 2605 specifications, respectively, apply to progressively stronger levels as indicated by South Florida outdoor exposure and laboratory accelerated testing results as shown. 26

29 For projects within North America the most important warranty terms and conditions, those related to weathering, are outlined in voluntary standards published by AAMA. The first, and one of the most important, defenses against a paint failure is proper pretreatment of the aluminum. Without proper pretreatment, premature failure of the finish system can almost be guaranteed. Paint systems are designed to be applied over clean metal that has been properly pretreated. The most time tested, proven pretreatment system for architectural aluminum products is a chrome phosphate conversion coating. Offering the longest life cycle and true sustainability, chrome phosphate conversion coatings continue to be recognized by the world class coating manufacturers, PPG, Valspar, and Akzo Nobel, as the most effective, robust pretreatment for aluminum. As a result, products installed along the seacoast and other harsh industrial environments frequently have additional terms and requirements when a chrome pretreatment system is not utilized. When reviewing a warranty document, verify whether each performance standard is covered through the specified length of the warranty, or if it is a gradual declining warranty with payout obligations reducing through the years. Warranty documents will most likely require care and maintenance of the aluminum in scope with AAMA 609 and The Cleaning and Maintenance Guide for Architectural Finished Aluminum specification. 27

30 The best single defense against failure 28

31 29

32 Comparable architectural, high performance paints can be found in both powder and liquid versions. The key difference is method of application. Powder coatings are applied electrostatically in a manner similar to liquid paints, the powder particles are then subjected to heat and combine to form a film and cure. 30

33 There are two different types of powder coat thermoplastic and thermoset. Thermoplasic powders melt and flow when heat is applied but they continue to have the same chemical composition once they cool and solidify. Thermoset powder coatings also melt when exposed to heat, but they then chemically cross link within themselves or with other reactive components. The cured coating then has a different chemical structure than the basic resin. Thermosetting coatings are heatstable and, unlike thermoplastic powders, will not soften back to liquid phase when reheated. Thermosetting powders are derived from four generic types of resins: epoxy, acrylic, polyester and fluoropolymer. From these resin types, several coating systems are derived. Fluoropolymer resins are top of line for exterior weatherability and UV stability in both powder and liquid coatings. Fluoropolymer powder coatings are purposely tailored for the architectural market and offer a long life durable finish. Fluoropolymer powder coat resin systems can be formulated to meet the requirements of the high performance AAMA 2605 specification. 31

34 Select coatings manufacturers have been successful in developing powder versions of coatings based on fluoropolymers, but sometimes lead time, cost, color samples and capabilities, and the formidable position held by battle tested, warranty wielding liquid fluoropolymer coatings present a steep hill to climb. The reality in design is that the process is always behind schedule and color is one of the last decisions made with a project. Most curtainwall projects are custom color, and color matching must keep pace when the race against the project timetable is on. Powder coatings based on fluoropolymer resins, that meet the AAMA 2605 specification, can meet the demands of monumental and other high end architectural applications. Powder coat can be suitable for architectural applications, assuming the correct resin system is specified for the given application. 32

35 The hardness of powder coatings is due to the raw materials used in their manufacture. Because they must be solid at room temperature, the resins used in powder coatings are heartier than those suspended in their liquid counterparts. As a result, powder coatings naturally produce thicker film builds that are often times harder and therefore can be, more resistant to scratches, mars, erosion and other detriments associated with hightouch, high traffic applications. 33

36 For both architectural powder coat and liquid coatings, AAMA 2604 and AAMA 2605 specifications, respectively, apply to progressively stronger levels as indicated by South Florida outdoor exposure and laboratory accelerated testing results as shown. 34

37 Depending on the manufacturer, a 2605 powder coat may or may not utilize a fluoropolymer resin (PVDF). Powder coat such as Akzo Nobel's Interpon D3000, that contain 70% of fluorocarbon resin in polymer matrix, and PPG's Duranar powder coat, that combines proprietary resin and pigment technologies with 70% of the resin system being fluoropolymer base resins, offer good choices for high performance AAMA2605 powder coat. 35

38 36

39 37

40 Many companies are mandating the purchase of green products. Any coating applicators environmental compliance can be found and reviewed on the EPA website. Coating applicators, as any forward thinking architectural business, should include ongoing sustainable business practices in their business plan. Conserving resources and reducing a companies carbon footprint are the socially responsible choice. 38

41 There are several ways that coating applicators can have an impact, positive or negative, on our environment. 39

42 The primary environmental concern with liquid paints is the solvents used to deliver the paint to the part; some of the solvents used are considered volatile organic compounds (VOC) content and must be destroyed. VOC content when released directly into the atmosphere has been known as a contributor to ozone depletion. However, environmentally conscious finishers use a 100% air capture system and destroy the VOCs with a regenerative thermal oxidizer, so there is no adverse environmental impact. Because powder coatings lack solvents, they emit zero VOCs. Liquid coatings are made with solvents that contain VOCs, but their VOC content can be off gassed and cured at the factory before arrival on the building site. Both powder coat and liquid Kynar can offer a 100% VOC free coating to your project. 40

43 There are many internal process improvements applicators can make to reduce their energy use and waste including controlling temperature dependant processes. As examples, anodizers can install equipment to scrub and clean the exhaust air from the anodize process and re exhaust it back into the facility as heat during the cool months. Paint applicators can reclaim heat normally lost to the environment by bringing in fresh air where there is a natural concentration of heat due to the location of equipment. Heat can also be captured from compressors and reused for facility heat. 41

44 42

45 43

46 44

47 45

48 46

49 The U.S. Green Building Council and its LEED rating systems take a holistic, integrated approach to create high performance buildings. Utilizing a whole building approach to sustainability, the LEED rating system measures and enhances the building s design with a triple bottom line of economic prosperity, environmental stewardship and social responsibility. Although factory applied architectural finishes do not have a direct impact on the Indoor Environmental Quality LEED credit Low Emitting Materials, there are other ways finishing services can help buildings seeking LEED certification. These key credit areas, from LEED BD+C New Construction and Major Renovation, v4 will be discussed on the following slides. 47

50 The intent of this Materials and Resources Credit is to extend the lifecycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, reduce waste and reduce the environmental impacts of a new building. Utilizing building reuse, field service and restoration teams can help preserve portions of the building by restoring the original factory applied paint. 48

51 MR Building Product Disclosure and Optimization Credit intent addresses the transparency in environmental life cycle impacts and selecting products with improved life cycles, incorporating recycled content materials, reducing impacts on virgin materials. Aluminum can be recycled and reused over and over without losing any of its characteristic attributes. As an example, the composition of aluminum billet can be formulated to 83% reclaimed aluminum (only 17% primary) incorporating a post consumer content average of 34%. Special requests for even higher recycled contents up to and including 100% (50% post industrial/50% post consumer) can be provided, by some extruders, on an individual basis. 49

52 IEQ Low Emitting Materials intends to reduce the indoor air contaminants. A highperformance, water based, air dry coating system can be used, by a licensed applicator, for interior repair and restoration of a LEED project. This paint system is a low VOC (volatile organic compound), environmentally responsible coating system for architectural aluminum products finishes. The intent of IEQ Thermal Comfort is to provide a comfortable environment that promotes occupant productivity and well being. Applicators can provide two thermal comfort options pour and debridge, and thermal strut to achieve significant improvement in thermal performance of window, door and curtainwall systems. 50

53 Innovation in Design Credit provides project teams the opportunity to achieve exceptional performance above the requirements of the LEED rating system. Current LEED criteria recognize the benefits of low and no VOC materials specifically for interior finishes. The Innovation & Design category presents green building and construction teams with an opportunity to seek the same recognition for exterior finishes. Building projects earn Innovation & Design LEED credits by demonstrating quantifiable environmental benefits through new strategies and techniques not specifically detailed in LEED rating systems. 51

54 52

55 53

56 54