Labor-Based Routine Barangay Road Maintenance Scheme

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Dominick Cox
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1 Labor-Based Routine Barangay Road Maintenance Scheme Presentation to the Development Alternative Framework Forum Provincial Government of South Cotabato June 2006

2 WHY WE NEED to adopt THE SUSTAINABLE UPLAND DEVELOPMENT MODEL 1) Extension Delivery System Benefits; a. High production and income to farmers and more revenues to the local government units b. Minimize land degradation, environment destruction and sustain upland road access through extension messages c. Extension network promotes civic mindedness among stakeholders and dedication among extension workers. 2) Land Use Plan Benefits; a. Improved barangay planning process b. Localize regulation of land uses at the barangay level c. Enhance local governance especially on environmental protection, natural resource management, land management, road access and sustainable agriculture d. Assured support for project/budgets/programmes for upland development from the Municipal LGU Annual Investment Plan e. Establishment of more specific land use data base and plans from the barangay level that will substantiate the Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan 3) Forest Protection Benefits; a. Preserved forestlands thereby maintaining the ecological balance b. Improved water sources and river systems in the uplands that would adequately supply water and prevent floods in the lowlands, protects upland road/trail access from erosion related damage, c. Increased commitment and enhanced capacity of the BLGUs and local communities in protecting and managing the environment. d. Mobilized resources from DENR, Municipal LGU, Barangay LGU, Local Communities and other fund donor agencies for the protection and management of the forestlands 4) Labor Based Routine Road Maintenance Benefits; a. Mobility through all weather road b. Increased agricultural production, economic opportunities and social activities in the community c. Increased commitment and capability of BLGUs, MLGUs and Communities in labor based routine barangay road maintenance. 1

3 Most rural road networks carry low volume traffic, and with very limited amount of money for maintenance and repair. [The important thing is to decide if you are building an all weather engineered road with minimum design speeds, gravel layers of specified grading and thickness etc, or something that will give reasonably reliable access for robust small vehicles (4WD, small trucks etc), bicycles, animal powered vehicles, motorcycles etc. Sometimes all you need is the improvement of a few spots, usually critical small structures or swamp crossings. This sort of basic access is often the most suitable and sustainable for rural communities with subsistence economies. The difference in cost can be quite large, (you won t get an engineered gravel road for much less than Php. 1,050,000./km, but you might be able to get reliable basic access for Php. 105,000 to 262,500/km). Maintenance is the key, and if you can t set up a local maintenance system, probably locally funded, you may be wasting your time. Earth roads seldom last a season without some sort of attention (however 100 to 150 worker days a km each year will usually do it. The trick is to put in place a system that can ensure that level of input, (voluntary or paid)] The ILO web site: that deals with using labour intensive methods of construction and maintenance. January 10, 2006 The key feature of this system is the primary attention given to soil conservation techniques that divert rain water flows away from the road at all times and minimize erosion in drainage ditches. Transportation htm (info@villageearth.org) Water causes almost all access road, problems. Proper management of water that flows along the surface and sides of the road, minimizes erosion damage and maintenance cost. Rural access road with the following properly designed component and appropriately installed is the cheapest to maintain, i.e. Diversion banks can divert water unto surrounding land and reduce erosion 2

Drain lining reduce erosion Scour checks reduce rate of erosion on side ditches Interceptor drains trap runoff and drain safely into the nearest watercourse.

4 Drain lining reduce erosion Scour checks reduce rate of erosion on side ditches Interceptor drains trap runoff and drain safely into the nearest watercourse. Miter drains will reduce the volume of water along road side drains and prevents erosion. Retaining walls can prevent land slips Even if a solution is the cheapest, if it causes environmental damage or cannot be maintained using local skills, it is unlikely to be the most appropriate. WATER COLLECTING ON THE ROAD SURFACE AND RUNNING DOWN THE TRACK CAUSE EROSION RELATED DAMAGE ON UPLAND ROAD. EROSION PROCESS 3

5 ERODED ROAD LAND SLIP 4

6 Road component appropriately installed that will reduce road damage and maintenance cost Drain lining reduce erosion Scour checks reduce rate of erosion on side ditches 5

7 Diversion banks can divert water unto surrounding land and reduce erosion Miter drains will reduce the volume of water along Diversion Bank and Turn out road side drains and prevents erosion. 6

8 Retaining walls can prevent land slips Interceptor drains trap runoff and drain safely into the nearest watercourse. 7

9 MITER DRAIN Mitre drains should be set out and excavated in the normal way. Soil from the excavation of the mitre drain can be used to form a bolster or blockage in the side drain just below the point where the mitre drain starts. This will ensure that all the water in the side drain flows into the mitre drain. All debris and other material should be removed well clear of the road and drainage system to prevent it being washed back. 8

10 History of Labor-Based and Labor-Based/Equipment-Supported Technology in the Philippines and their implementation by contract 1 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LABOR-BASED METHOD BY THE ILO Experimental phase of Labor-Based Technology in the Philippines began between , in Pampanga in the construction of a levee using the Pakyaw system. Followed by the 5 kilometer long Capas-Botolan Road project in Tarlac, on which extensive productivity measurements were taken. The result showed that Labor-Based Methods is suitable in Philippine condition. PILOT PROJECTS ON LABOR-BASED METHOD After the initial studies, no Labor-Based projects was implemented for a number of years despite the passage of a Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 132) that civil works shall be performed using Labor-Based Method. Republic Act 132 was followed a number of EO and DPWH Department Orders. SPECIFIC FOREIGN FUNDED PROJECTS ON THE USE OF LABOR-BASED METHODS (World Bank, USAID-ILO and UNDP) Seven (7) Specific Foreign Funded Projects on the used of Labor-Based Methods were implemented in the Philippines from 1981 to These projects were intended to popularize the Labor Based Equipment Supported Road Construction and Maintenance in the Philippines. COUNTRIES ADOPTING LABOR BASED METHOD OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Thailand, Cambodia, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Bangladesh and most of the African countries

11 Most rural road in the UDP covered province/municipality/barangay carry low volumes of traffic and with very limited amounts of money available for maintenance and repair. Water causes all access road problems. Proper management of water that flows along the surface and sides of the road, minimize erosion caused damage and maintenance cost. Water collecting on the road surface and running down the track cause erosion. Tracks without interceptor drains collect runoff water and overflows the road side drains causing massive erosion damaging carriage ways. Rural access road with the following properly designed as needed components is the cheapest to maintain. a) Diversion banks can divert this water onto the surrounding land and reduce erosion b) Drain lining reduce erosion c) Scour checks reduce rate of erosion d) Interceptor drains trap runoff and drain safely into the nearest watercourse. e) Miter drains will reduce the volume of water along road side drains and prevents erosion f).retaining walls can prevent land slips Above list of road component can be constructed and maintained through the labor based method, this method is also appropriate in Routine Road Maintenance. Even if a solution is the cheapest, if it causes environmental damage or cannot be maintained using local skills, it is unlikely to be the most appropriate. 2

12 Labor Based Routine Road Maintenance Scheme 3 P2 PROCESS Barangay Council through resolutions; a) from the BLUP, updated barangay road network map, prioritize road section for installation of labor based routine road maintenance system road prioritization criteria; agricultural productivity potentials, cohesive community supporting bararangay lgu policies in community development b) create barangay labor based routine road maintenance system with a regular road maintenance crew (labor pool) (calculated at one (1) person per kilometer), paid on a daily wage rate prevailing in the baranagay, employment duration of crew should allow for equitable employment opportunity for the rest of the community (hiring on rotation basis is recommended) c) resolution creating the labor based road maintenance system shall be presented to the BDC and general assembly, for concurrence of Municipal SB and approval of LCE for financial/technical support. d) allocate or appropriate routine road maintenance budget in the Barangay Annual Investment Plan

13 4 PROSESO SA PAG PANDAY UG PAMAAGI SA PAG PLANO/MENTAIN UG KALSADA SA BARANGAY Pagpanday og ordinansya ug palisiya Resolusyon sa pagprayoritisa sa mga dalan base sa BLUP Resolusyon sa paghimo og grupo nga momentinar sa dalan Paghimo of tulo (3) ka tuig nga Barangay Labor Based Equipment Supported Road Maintenance Plan (BRMP) Pagplano ug pagimplementar sa pagmentinar sa dalan base sa panahon Paggahin og tinuig nga pundo (AIP) MUNICIPAL-LGU-SB PUNONG BARANGAY BARANGAY COUNCIL GENERAL ASSEMBLY BARANGAY ROAD Maintenance ROUTINE ROAD MAINTENANCE MUNICIPAL MAYOR MUNICIPAL ENGINEER PERIODIC ROAD MAINTENANCE BARANGAY DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

14 111 Labor Based Routine Road Maintenance Scheme 5 P1 All Weather Road Periodic Maintenance VICIOUS CYCLE Poor Routine Road Maintenance Good Benefits: a. employment generated b. cost of road development retained in the community; foreign exchange savings c. social responsibility developed d. access to production, input and market e. progressive road development, and repair and maintenance cost diminishing annually Periodic Maintenance PERIODIC MAINTENANCE (every 2 years) ROAD UPGRADING OPTIONS Extended length Upgrading to a higher level Drainage structures improved Steep section paved (concrete)

15 Employment generation 6

16 Concrete tire path progressive road development 7

17 Sitio Benigno Aquino, Brgy Miasong, Tupi Improved access of farm products to market through LBRRM 8

18 9 1 st Year road maintenance cost Table 11. Activity frequency and productivity unit of measurement Routine activity/works Frequency Prdtivity/md Md/km/yr 1) vegetation control, every 6 75 lm/md\2000 m ) clearing/cleaning of every 6 2 md/unit culvert X 8 unit culvert, 3) de-silting of side after heavy 65 lm/md\ 2000 m ditches** rain 4) filling pot holes and every cum/md\52 cum rills,* 5) stock piling of after heavy 1cum/md\30 cum suitable filling materials retrieved rain from road side ditches and cut sections** 6) other special works unscheduled Total *use materials from activity # 5, ** can be done simultaneously

19 10 2 nd Year road maintenance cost Table 11. Activity frequency and productivity unit of measurement Routine activity/works Frequency Prdtivity/md Md/km/yr 1) vegetation control, every 6 75 lm/md\2000 m 20 2) clearing/cleaning of every 6 2 md/unit culvert X 8 unit 10 culvert, 3) de-silting of side after heavy 65 lm/md\ 2000 m 20 ditches** rain 4) filling pot holes and every cum/md\52 cum 80 rills,* 5) stock piling of after heavy 1cum/md\30 cum 30 suitable filling materials retrieved rain from road side ditches and cut sections** 6) other special works unscheduled 20 Total 180 *use materials from activity # 5, ** can be done simultaneously

20 3 rd Year road maintenance cost Table 11. Activity frequency and productivity unit of measurement Routine activity/works Frequency Prdtivity/md Md/km/yr 1) vegetation control, every 6 5 lm/md\ 375 m 5 2) clearing/cleaning of every 6 2 md/unit culvert X 2.5 unit 5 culvert, 3) de-silting of side after heavy 65 lm/md\ 1300 m 20 ditches** rain 4) filling pot holes and every cum/md\52 cum 80 rills,* 5) stock piling of after heavy 1cum/md\30 cum 20 suitable filling materials retrieved rain from road side ditches and cut sections** 6) other special works unscheduled 20 Total 150 *use materials from activity # 5, ** can be done simultaneously Table III. Five year plan & Budget for one barangay access road Road Maintenance Length in Kilometer Employment Generated (md)/year 1,832 1,440 1,440 1,200 1,200 Budget in Php 273, , , , , Maintenance cost per km /yr= 229 man days /yr= Php Php 150/man day Maintenance cost per km /yr= 180 man days /yr= Php Php 150/man day Maintenance cost per km /yr= 150 man days /yr= Php Php 150/man day

21 Calculation exercise sheet: 12 Pipe culvert Diversion hump Km 0 Typical 1 km road section Km. 1.0 Table 11. Activity frequency and productivity unit of measurement Routine activity/works Frequency Prdtivity/md Md/km/yr 1) vegetation control, every 6 5 lm/md\ m 2) clearing/cleaning of every 6 2 md/unit culvert x unit culvert, 3) de-silting of side after heavy 65 lm/md\ m ditches** rain 4) filling pot holes and every cum/md\ cum rills,* after heavy rain 1cum/md\ cum 5) stock piling of suitable filling materials retrieved from road side ditches and cut sections** 6) other special works unscheduled Total *use materials from activity # 5, ** can be done simultaneously

LABOR-BASED ROUTINE/PREVENTATIVE ROAD MAINTENANCE

LABOR-BASED ROUTINE/PREVENTATIVE ROAD MAINTENANCE (BARANGAY ROADS) DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE AND REPLICABLE SYSTEM ) METHODOLOGY November 2006 WHAT IS A GOOD ROAD ONE THAT IS WELL DESIGNED AND WELL CONSTRUCTED