Lessons Learned for Implementing Large-Scale REDD Programs. Lex Hovani, Forest Carbon Advisor, TNC Indonesia

Transcription

1 Lessons Learned for Implementing Large-Scale REDD Programs Lex Hovani, Forest Carbon Advisor, TNC Indonesia REDD ex July 13-16, 2010

2 I wouldn t give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity, but I would give my life for the simplicity on the far side of complexity. REDD -Oliver Wendell Holmes (former U.S. Supreme Court Justice)

3 Outline Current situation Overview of what needs to be done 3 key points Strong core teams Smarter joint problem solving Breakthrough knowledge management

4 The Goal: 3 billion tons REDD+ by 2020 Halving deforestation and degradation by 2020 is an ambitious yet achievable goal, as part of a comprehensive approach to reducing emissions from all sectors CO2e Tons Millions 4,000 3,500 3 G 3,000 tons 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,

5 Expected Results????

6 Opportunities Market forces taking hold (Lacey, European agreement, oil palm, etc.) Leadership from key countries (e.g. Indonesia, Brazil) not contingent on carbon finance at least in short-term There are low-cost ways to increase the pace of development (even growth) while reducing exploitation of natural resources

7 Outline Current situation What needs to be done 3 key points Strong core teams Smarter joint problem solving Breakthrough knowledge management

8 Bringing it all Together Low Carbon Development Plan Stakeholder Involvement & Benefit Sharing Conservation Strategies Legal and Institutional Frameworks REDD+ Program Management & Leadership Carbon Accounting/MRV Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Financing Forest Sector Dynamics

9 Outline Current situation Overview of what needs to be done 3 key points Strong core teams Smarter joint problem solving Breakthrough knowledge management

10 Strong REDD core teams

11 Strong core teams Who needs them Developing country governments all levels Donor agencies Large-scale programs International organizations NGOs Why? Because REDD Programs: Are complex require expertise Are intricate pieces need to fit, phasing important Involve many partners need a hub Require adaptive management need to learn by doing stay aligned with shifting context as uncertainties get resolved

12 Berau District Government Main BFCP Implementation Capacity Bupati Supervisory Council Secretariat District Agencies Sekda Bappeda Kehutanan Tata Ruang Perkebunan Pertanian Pekerjaan umum Pertanahan Pertambangan Berau Pokja REDD MRV (3) Technical Assistance Unit Management and Admin : (10) Land Use Planning (3) REDD Site Activities (4) Governance & Enforcement (3) Stakeholder involvement (3) BFCP Technical Teams REL DA Planning Seconded staff Timber Concessions (2) Oil Palm (1) Protection Forest (1) Communities (3) Subcontract Subcontract Subcontract

13 BFCP collaboration Partners TNC Operating Units District Government REDD Working Group Ministry of Forestry Provincial Government REDD Working Group ICRAF Mulawarman University Winrock International World Resources Institute Sekala University of Queensland U.S. Forest Service Daemeter Consulting World Education Baker & McKenzie Forest Carbon, Inc. IHSA Indonesia Terrestrial Program Responsible Asian Forest and Trade Global Climate Team Global Science Team (measures program)

14 Smarter joint REDD problemsolving

15 Types of problems Unresolved governance issues (land tenure, conflicting regulations, unclear roles) REDD Approach/REDD policy/redd Institutions Low-carbon development strategy Program/project implementation

16 Why joint problem solving? When decision quality is important and followers possess useful information Autocratic When the problem is unstructured and the leader lacks information / skill to make the decision alone, When decision acceptance is important and followers are unlikely to accept an autocratic decision, When decision acceptance is important but followers are likely to disagree Consultative Individual Group Group decision Decision acceptance is critical Vroom, V.H. and Yetton, P.W. Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press

17 Problem-solving Mechanisms Institutions created for problem solving Informal working groups Workshops/conferences Learning networks Actors Central, provincial, district government Private sector NGOs Communities/public

18 Coordination mechanisms Ministry of Forestry Liason Officer Secretariat Secretariat

19 Breakthrough knowledge REDD Don t worry, guys, I downloaded a lessons learned document on how to build a bivouac management

20 Key areas of knowledge management Examples of outputs to support implementation National laws and regulations clarified, organized Spatial data integrated BMP articulated and codified and effective assistance programs designed Model local institutions and regulations Integrated planning processes mapped out for large scale LCD programs Generic/adaptable project design documents for on the ground projects (e.g. community protected area project) TORs for various project elements that do have to be replicated (e.g. TOR for provincial field inventories or community baselines

21 Information to make good decisions for REDD Primary data Boundary maps Management unit plans All data Internal data management system Data management Data management system pilot Village develop. plans DECISIONS Threat assessment Carbon stocks HCVF Land use profitability Sector analysis Reference scenario Data users/ integrators Planning Process Spatial plan Allocation of permits and licenses Planning within license areas Development investments Timber Pulp and paper Oil palm Decisionmakers REDD investment decisions Mining

22 Stronger core teams Smarter joint problemsolving Breakthrough knowledge management

23 Questions?

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29 Theme Topic Tools/ R&D Systems/ Institutions Individuals Planning Community development Multi-stakeholder decisionmaking on land use FPIC Planning data Development planning REDD NRM HCVF FPIC Legal Best practices land management Law enforcement REDD policy development NRM policies and regulations Forestry Agriculture Protection Mining Measures Carbon inventory GIS/RS Crew leaders Private sector development Benefit sharing

30 Information for decision-making TYPES OF INFORMATION Programmatic Focus Generating information Integrating information Refining processes for using information Biophysical Forest cover Carbon stocks Land suitability Economic analysis Opportunity costs of land uses Macroeconomic analysis Fiscal Flows Social Legal status/boundaries Conservation priorities Economic development goals Biodiversity High conservation values Connectivity assessments Orangutan Action Plan Priorities

31 Challenges Have not yet really grasped the scale of the implementation challenge Longstanding governance/decentralization issues Weak institutions and weak linkages between institutions Narrowly perceived incentives, institutions that are biased Land tenure: uncertain now, and no easy solutions Financing Mechanisms in countries are weak Public and private donors aren t ready to move large-scale REDD funds effectively Capacity Local NGO capacity weak International NGOs not as strong as they need to be Project mentality Carbon project Donor projects

32 Phasing Phases Scoping Design Early implementation Demonstration Full implementation Post-REDD PRIORITIZATION Pre-requisites Real understanding of drivers Getting planned deforestation under control Law enforcement Data generation and management Policy process Most important Moratorium on conversion No-regrets Pre-existing goals Useful in different scenarios

33 Programs, project types, sites Program area Project type Goals for sites Industrial production forestry Industrial natural forest production 11 concessions ** Industrial timber plantation production 1-3 concessions Palm Oil Palm oil production 3-5 concessions Conservation in KBK 1 concession? Conservation Protection Forest 3-5 areas Protection in KBNK 3-5 areas Governance KPH 1-2 KPH Community production Community Forestry villages Agroforestry Small scale agriculture Other industrial production Coal production 1 company Shrimp farming

34 BFCP Management Challenge Financing Substantial upfront donor funds Invest in low-carbon development Sell emission reductions and reinvest in low carbon growth Close work with main institutions of governance PMU is technical resource Will work closely with many government institutions Governement institutions are the decision-makers Intensive focus on communities Involved in program governance and creating enabling conditions Involved in all sectoral and site strategies Supervisory Council Multi-stakeholder Strong secretariat Project Management Unit: Joint team of government staff, consultants, NGOs leading program implementation and supporting natural resource governance and management Create Enabling Conditions: Sectoral and site-strategies: Timber Concessions Protection Forest Oil Palm Advisory Groups Joint working group Integrated planning, effective governance, community involvement Do now no regrets HTI Limited scale Mining Community Technical Other Explore over time

35 WORLD EDUCATION/ TNC Traditional Transitional Villages in the area of forest concessions Long Duhung, Long Pai (Pu-nan Mah-kam), Merabu, Lesan Dayak, Long Boy, Long Lanm-cin, Long Sului Long Ayan, Villages in the area of Plantation concessions Merasak, Merapun Villages in the are of Mining concessions Samburakat UPPER KELAY UPPER Most Villages SEGAH traditional in Transmigrant Punan the coastal villages LOWER Dayak Mixture KELAY people Punan Dayak and LOWER Ambitious SEGAH plans for agricultural High Gaai dependence villages conversion COASTAL forests Various Dayak groups, Ethnic Lower dependence on transmigrants Fishing diversity communities; from and Java, conflict, forests; families inter-group better per village competition Lombok mostly recognize All transportation within Semanting, timber Diverse Agriculture importance concessions Shifting Matarintib employment: important; of mangroves agriculture, gold plantations, Destruction mining Oil Heterogeneous-various palm primary expansion logging, of burial economic bird nest collection rotational agriculture grounds, activities communities ethnic groups divided; from sago palms, fruit many Sulawesi conflicts (Bone, Opportunistic trees, Stronger Makassar, honey village Toraja, trees and institution Banjar, by Ineffective community Recent conflict development resolution program road openings process led by Significant oil palm infrastructure companies Labanan changing development transportation plans Makarti access Land speculation increasing Expected immigrants will likely put more pressure on mangroves Tepian Buah, excessive companies as a result Kasai land of previous claims Melati Jaya Long Lanuk Bugis) Modern Sido Bangen Bena Baru Tanjung Batu 35