RIL: POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Transcription

1 RIL: POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION By Frederick Kugan, Albert M. Radin, Paul Leo Lohuji, Raubin Gampilok Sabah Forestry Department Asia-Pacific Workshop Reduced Impact Logging: Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies in the Emerging Forest Carbon Economy Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 3-4 May 2012

2 OUTLINE Logging and contribution to state s economics Logging Impacts State Forestry Policy Sustainable Forest management Why RIL? RIL implementation in Sabah Challenges Achievements What Next?

3 LOGGING AND CONTRIBUTION TO STATE S ECONOMICS s Logging started in Sabah Mechanized logging Logging intensified State revenue from timber average 50% per year with highest in 1987 (70%). Adoption of SFM concept in 1997 Production based on AAC. RM (Millions) 5, , , , , , , , , State Revenue (RM) Forest Revenue (RM)

4 LOGGING IMPACTS Logging damage inflicted on the residual forests = 60% (Tay, 2002)

5 STATE FORESTRY POLICY SFM 1997 Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement, years RIL 2010 Certification 2014

6 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Sector Planning 3.6 M ha under Permanent Forest Reserve Class Type of Forest Reserve Approximate Area (Ha) Class I Protection Forest 364, Class II Commercial Forest 2,665, Class III Domestic Forest 7, Class IV Amenity Forest 21, Class V Mangrove Forest 320, Class VI Virgin Jungle Reserve 92, Class VII Wildlife Reserve 132, Grand Total: 3,604,894.20

7 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Management Level Planning Horizon Major Components Forest Sector years Forest Sector Plan Forest Policy Legislation Forest Management Unit (FMU) 5 10 years Management Planning Monitoring and Evaluation EIS Compartment annual Implementation (RIL, ITP etc.) Resource Accounting

8 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Sector Planning SFMLA (Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement) ANIKA DESIRAN SDN BHD BENTA WAWASAN SDN BHD BORNEO SULAMAN COVE SDN BHD BORNION TIMBER SDN BHD ECO-PLANTATIONS SDN. BHD. FIRST GREENWORLD SDN. BHD. IDRIS HYDRAULIC (MALAYSIA) BHD JABATAN PERHUTANAN SABAH K.M. HYBRID PLANTATION SDN BHD KTS PLANTATION SDN BHD LEBIHASIL SDN. BHD. LEMBAGA TABUNG HAJI MAXLAND SDN. BHD. RAKYAT BERJAYA SDN. BHD. SABAH FOREST INDUSTRIES SDN BHD SAPULUT FOREST DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD THE NORTH BORNEO TIMBER CORPORATION BHD TIMBERWELL BHD TOP QUANTUM SDN. BHD. TSH RESOURCES BHD

9 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Forest Management Planning Zoning Production Protection Conservation Community Forestry Yield Regulation AAC determination Current stock Cutting cycle Cutting regime MAI Management Prescriptions Etc.

10 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Compartment Level AWP (Annual Work Plan) Production NFM (Natural Forest Management) RIL ITP (Industrial Tree Plantation) Silviculture Tree Improvement Etc. Comprehensive Harvesting Plan

11 WHY RIL? Environmentally & socially acceptable Reduced logging impact by 50% compared to conventional Economically feasible Lower rehabilitation costs RM 300/ha compared to RM 5,000/ha Shorter cutting cycle Physically possible Technically implementable Availability of machineries Consistent with sustainable harvesting principles.

12 WHY RIL? SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING PRINCIPLE Commitment to long-term sustainable provision of products and services, Maintenance of environmental integrity in harvesting planning and implementation, Consultation on all issues with all effected stakeholders, including those recognized under customary laws of the countries concerned, Effective implementation and control of harvesting operations with predetermined guidelines and benchmarks, Comprehensive harvest planning, Thorough post-harvest assessment and communication of results to the planning team and to harvesting personnel, Development of a competent and properly trained and motivated workforce.

13 RIL IMPLEMENTATION IN SABAH RIL Project Pilot Carbon Project in YS area, sponsored by NEP. RIL inception in Deramakot F.R. Ground based (crawler tractors) and skyline were used 1996 Seminar on Forest Harvesting in Renaissance Hotel, Sandakan. RIL adopted for statewide implementation in phases. RIL Training for SFD-YS Core Trainers RIL Training for RIL Supervisors and Machine Operators. KTS Plantation Sdn. Bhd. First Edition of RIL Guide. System and Work Procedures for Monitoring RIL RIL implementation in all SFMLAs, except YS areas.

14 RIL IMPLEMENTATION IN SABAH Second Edition of RIL Guide book. RIL incentive, royalty rebate = RM 10/m 3 (local processing only) Helicopter Logging was introduced to extract timber from steep areas in YS and BW. Malua F.R. SFD-YS RIL Technical Committee was formed. Success RIL implementation on an area of app. 26,000 ha within 1 year. Logfisher was introduced Third edition of RIL Guide book incorporate guidelines for helicopter and logfisher.

15 RIL IMPLEMENTATION IN SABAH RIL implementation in all Commercial Forest Reserves RIL Stage 1 RIL implementation in all Commercial Forest Reserves Full RIL

16 CHALLENGES Reluctant to change by Logging Operators RIL introduced in Full RIL implementation in 2011 (16 years) Cost and economic consideration delayed implementation.

17 CHALLENGES High Skills Requirement Compared with other areas of work, RIL requires a combination of various skills and knowledge, such as forestry science, road engineering, surveying, economics and administration. Only by working as a group of diverse skills enable RIL be carried out efficiently. Timber Feller Tractor Operator Logfisher Operator Chockermen Supervisor Planner Manager Auditor RIL Operator Certificate RIL Operator Certificate RIL Operator Certificate RIL Operator Certificate RIL Supervisor Certificate RIL Supervisor Certificate, or RIL Harvest Planner Certificate RIL Supervisor Certificate, or RIL Harvest Planner Certificate RIL Supervisor Certificate, or RIL Harvest Planner Certificate

18 CHALLENGES Low Log Price - Disincentive Table 3. Log Price (RM/m 3 ) at ex-stumping for Deramakot Forest Reserve (DFR), Sipitang, Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia (year 2000 as the base year). Location Mean Duncan DFR ab Sipitang, Sabah a Pen. Malaysia c Source: 1 SFD MTIB Note: Mean with the same letter is not significant at 5 percent confident level according to Duncan Multiple Range Test.

19 CHALLENGES High Operations Cost Average cost of RIL operation RM190 per m 3 Vs RM105 per m 3 for conventional logging 1. These additional costs were incurred from the planning activities 2 directional felling and the hauling activities 3. Apart from this, the cost on training was also reported to be contributing to the cost component. 1 Ahmad Saibi, Killman, Tay, 2001

20 CHALLENGES Low Productivity Discounting HCVF and environmental concern Logged over forests. Productivity range from13.6 m 3 /ha to m 3 /ha for dbh > 60 cm. Bad planning causes lower production.

21 ACHIEVEMENTS Deramakot Success SFM model. Forest condition 70% logged over AAC = 17,000 m 3 The initiatives include improving log prices, operations costs reduction, and increasing harvesting volume. Deramakot has made its first profit in 2002 and continued until now. This episode is an important testimony that proves that RIL can be practiced either technically or economically. Millions (2.00) (4.00) EXPENDITURE (RM) REVENUE (RM) - ROUND LOGS (6.00)

22 ACHIEVEMENTS Accomplishment of Full RIL Implementation Statewide Despite of many challenges as been discussed before, the full implementation of RIL has finally been realized in At present 19 licensees are actively pursuing RIL. Area (Thousands ha) Total Area under RIL (ha) Year

23 ACHIEVEMENTS Biodiversity (Mannan et al., 2008) RIL can maintain the richness and composition of the canopy tree community at a level equivalent to the pristine forest. RIL could maintain the richness, density and composition of soil macro fauna includes the important decomposers that function in nutrient cycling and sustain tree growth. RIL maintained a higher abundance of flying insects compared to conventional logging. The study demonstrate that a significant higher orangutan nest density in RIL forest compared to in the surrounding forests.

24 Where are the Orang-Utans? Heartland of the Orang-Utan 8,500 individuals or 75% of Sabah s Orang-Utan population. They are all in well managed areas. Findings are based on Rapid Assessment of Orang-Utan Distribution and Density carried out by WWF-Malaysia

25 ACHIEVEMENTS Potential Carbon A difference of 33 ton of carbon per ha - positive effect added by RIL (Deramakot) Assumption: 200,000 ha (10 years) = 6.6 mil ton of carbon The implementation of RIL was possible to retain an extra tonnes of carbon/ha two (2) years after logging, rising to 90 tonnes of carbon/ha after 40 years as a result of improved regeneration (NEP).

26 ACHIEVEMENTS Provide Adequate Trained Personnel Training conducted through the Sabah Forestry Institute: i) RIL Training for Trainers, ii) RIL Training for Supervisor, iii) RIL Training for Machine Operators, iv) RIL Training for Managers, v) RIL Training for DFO, vi) Training Course on SPKP RIL (System and Work Procedure for Monitoring RIL), and vii) Training Course on Map Accuracy Testing. As of November 2011, a total of 4,431 people from the private sector and SFD trained. Periodic holding of workshops, seminars, talks on RIL etc YEAR DFO Supervisor SPKP RIL Manager Machine Operator

27 ACHIEVEMENTS Efficient Control and Monitoring Skilled workers, RIL Guidebook and System and Work Procedures for Monitoring RIL. RIL Compliance A third party independent auditor began Jun 2010 SFD also formed its own SFM team to conduct monitoring and surveillance of field activities. 177 audit reports 69 reports on CHP and 107 reports on RIL Operations 14 CHP contractors and 21 RIL contractors CHP (93%) RIL Operation (96%)

28 ACHIEVEMENTS RIL Compliance (performance based on monthly audits) CHP Contractor performance. RIL Logging Contractor performance.

29 ACHIEVEMENTS RIL Compliance The audit findings however revealed some major and minor gaps, which need to be further improved in order to maintain the RIL quality at the upmost level. Among the frequent gaps encountered by the auditor were roads and streams for CHPs and Daily Felling Records for RIL Operations. Frequency of CHP Gaps. Frequency of RIL Operations Gaps.

30 ACHIEVEMENTS Enforcement As an effort to close the GAPs, the Department has imposed penalties on related offences. To date, a total worth of RM 337, fines were imposed onto 14 contractors for having violated the license agreement associated with forest harvesting rules. Penalty (RM) Company Year Eramewah Sdn Bhd 5, KTS Plantation Sdn Bhd 5, Maju Sinar Sdn Bhd 18, Takat Bistari 5, Tamabina Sdn Bhd 10, Teguh Wajar Sdn Bhd 10, Winmore Development Sdn Bhd 13, TSH Bhd. 15, Sabah Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd. 15, Makmuran Sdn. Bhd. 5, Java Industries 50, Asiatic Lumber Industries Sdn. Bhd. 156, Melati Optimis Sdn. Bhd. 25, Am Permai Sdn. Bhd. 5, Grand Total 337,600.00

31 ACHIEVEMENTS Rebate System Realizing the additional burden of the licensees due to RIL, the government has introduced a rebate system on royalty on all RIL harvested logs. A rebate of RM10 per m 3 will be refunded to the timber contractor/licensee as a form of incentive for having RIL compliance.

32 ACHIEVEMENTS RIL Contractors In year 2003, the Sabah Forestry Department imposed a condition that all RIL contractors, i.e. CHP Contractor and RIL Logging Contractor, have to be registered with the Sabah Forestry Department in order to: Ensure that only contractors who are trained in RIL carry out the Comprehensive Harvesting Plan (CHP) preparation and RIL logging operations works, Create RIL contractor information management system, Facilitate the monitoring and control of CHP quality and RIL logging operations, Facilitate the delivery of information and technology transfer in forest harvesting. Presently there are 27 companies registered as RIL logging contractor, 17 companies registered as CHP contractors and 4 companies registered as both RIL logging and CHP contractors.

33 ACHIEVEMENTS Forest Certification Deramakot FR (1997) KTS Plantation Sdn. Bhd. (2010) Tangkulap (FMU 17A) Ulu Segama-Malua 900,000 ha under some form of certification 390,000 ha FSC certified 57,000 ha MTCS/PEFC Certified Others (VLC, VLO)

34 WHAT NEXT? RIL database development Forest Certification All SFMLA areas to be certified by the year 2014 C-RIL Opportunities Sabah REDD+ roadmap National Forest Inventory (NFI 5) Carbon mapping Monitoring of forest changes UNDP-GEF project Carbon financing

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