Community Involvement in Forest Management Activities of Kyoto Model Forest. Dr. Kazuhiro TANAKA Kyoto Prefectural University

Transcription

1 Community Involvement in Forest Management Activities of Kyoto Model Forest Dr. Kazuhiro TANAKA Kyoto Prefectural University 1

2 Part 1 Toward The Sustainable Society 2

3 Today I report about Since Kyoto is the place where the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, the citizen of Kyoto is greatly interested in the environmental problem. Moreover, since the downtown of Kyoto is surrounded by the forest, the citizen of Kyoto is greatly interested about the forest. Kyoto has a Model Forest that is the only one Model Forest in Japan. Today I report about community involvements in forest conservation activities currently tackled in Kyoto. In addition, I would like to consider a subject concerning the building of sustainable society. 3

4 Part 2 Kyoto Keeping Forests More than 1200 years 4

5 Kyoto used to be the capital of Japan The City of Kyoto used to be the capital of Japan for a very long time spanning more than one thousand years from 794 to

6 Kyoto has conserved the forests It is said that a civilization which has vandalized forests will go to ruin in the future. However, Kyoto has the remarkable history that it has conserved the forests in the three mountainous areas surrounding its downtown area. 6

7 Three mountainous areas in Kyoto North Mountains KPU West Mountains East Mountains Kyoto Station 7

8 Forest zoning more than 1,200 years ago It is really surprising that the forest zoning was already conducted when the capital city was constructed in Kyoto more than 1,200 years ago. In those days, the forests were important also as the supplying source area of lumbers and fuel materials and the rivers were important as the sources of domestic water and agricultural water and the channels for transportation by ships. 8

9 environmental conservation areas The basic framework for land use of Kyoto was defined from the first when the capital city was constructed and the forests around it were zoned accordingly. The three mountainous areas surrounding the Kyoto's downtown area have been conserved as environmental conservation areas and have been designated as the scenic areas. Though the three mountainous areas have been the environmental conservation areas, these areas have also been used and managed as fuel-wood forests. 9

10 Kyoto has been keeping forest Picture map in 1808 Kyoto has been keeping forest around city more than 1200 years. 10

11 Forests of World Heritage in Kyoto Shimogam o shrine Shimogamo shrine 11

12 Part 3 Many New Problems in Kyoto Forests 12

13 High Economic Growth and Fuel Revolution Japanese economy grew dramatically from the mid-1950 to the outset of This age is called the age of High Economic Growth. Life style of Japanese people also changed dramatically. Drastic one way change of energy source from fuelwood to gas and electricity is called Fuel Revolution. Fuel Revolution caused plenty of unused and unmanaged coppice forests. As a result, succession of vegetation has been making progress in last several decades. 13

14 Hollowing out of Japanese Forestry High Economic Growth caused the appreciation of the yen. Then, yen's appreciation brought about import of huge amount of timber Finally, Japanese timber and lumbering industries hollowed out. As a result, there are plenty of unused and unmanaged plantations in Japan. Log price in Japan 14

15 Succession of Vegetation In the modern days, the use of the forests in the three mountainous areas of Kyoto is strictly restricted under the name of environmental conservation. As a result, the succession of vegetation in the forests has advanced. sun tree shade tree 15

16 Arashiyama, Kyoto s scenic Area 16

17 Arashiyama with wild cherry decreasing wild cherry tree Increasing evergreen tree 17

18 many new problems As a result of the succession of vegetation, many new problems have arisen such as expansion of shii forest and bamboo grove the pine-tree dying down problem, the oak-tree dying down problem, and the problem of deer damage. 18

19 Expansion of Shii in Kyoto Kyoto-like scenery is being lost Shii : Castanopsis cuspidata Shade tree 19

20 Shii looks like pop art Kiyomizu Temple(1999/5/7) 20

21 Expantion of Shii in past 40 years Chion-in Temple Awata Shrine Keage Purification Plant Awata-yama hill 200 Shogunzuka Kodaiji Temple 100 Koudaiji-yama hill Kiyomizu-dera Temple Kiyomizu-yama hill Seikanji Temple 6.9ha 19.0ha 25.6ha 32.1ha Study site Castanopsis 21

22 Pine-tree dying problem The pine-tree dying disease is caused by the attack of pine nematode. Pine wilt diseases accelerate forest change to lower quality secondary forest characterized by Soyogo (Ilex pedunculosa). pine-tree dying Soyogo 22

23 Degradation of forest forest change to lower quality secondary forest characterized by Soyogo (Ilex pedunculosa). Soyogo 23

24 Oak-tree dying problem The oak-tree dying disease is caused by the attack of platypus quercivorus. platypus quercivorus 24

25 Oak-tree dying problem Attacked tree by platypus quercivorus 25

26 Oak-tree dying problem Dead oak trees 26

27 The oak-tree dying down problem from 2005 to 2010 in Kyoto trees trees trees ,037trees ,918trees ,976trees 27

28 Deer damage Recently, drastic changes by both Japanese oak wilt disease and deer damage are rapidly increasing the crisis of forest degradation. No vegetation in forest floor. Planted trees and seedlings are eaten by deer. Deer damage decreases forester s desire to forest management. No vegetaion in forest floor 28

29 Deer damage 29

30 Deer damage and Oak-tree dying in Kyoto ~

31 bamboo Well managed bamboo forest in Kyoto 31

32 Expansion of bamboo Expansion of bamboo is another serious problem. 32

33 Dead trees will emit a lot of carbonic anhydride Plenty of dead trees of pine and oak will emit a lot of carbonic anhydride. In addition, oligopoly of particular species such as shii, soyogo and bamboo will decline the level of biodiversity. To restore forest condition, community involvement in forest management has just started as activities of Model Forest in Kyoto. 33

34 Part 4 Foundation of Kyoto Model Forest Association 34

35 Model Forest Movement As a result of the succession of vegetation, many new problems have arisen. For the citizens of Kyoto City, it is an important issue how they should conserve the forest in the three mountainous areas that are familiar to them. Recently, various stakeholders have started to tackle this issue through the Model Forest Movement. 35

36 Kyoto Model Forest, the only one Model Forest in Japan, was established in Webpage of Kyoto Model Forest Association 36

37 Network of Model Forest in Kyoto Prefecture About 30 Model Forests are supported By CSR activities Corporate Social Responsibility 37

38 Three actions to advance Model Forest Activities "Kyoto Model Forest Movement appeals the following three actions in order to advance the building of healthy forests with which the multidirectional functions of the forests can be fully exerted: (1) direct participation in the forest building, (2) financial contribution for the forest building activities, and (3) use of local timbers produced in the forests in Kyoto prefecture. 38

39 Some volunteer groups are vigorously tackling with oak wilt disease. 39

40 Forest Monitoring A company supports forest monitoring using aerial photograph as CSR. 40

41 Part 5 Three Items Shared in Model Forest 41

42 Sharing In Model Forest, the need for mutual understanding among the parties concerned is repeatedly emphasized and, in order to do so, it is said that "sharing of knowledge", "sharing of experiences", and "sharing of value" are necessary, where "sharing of value" refers to understanding the sense of value and the argument of other parties, taking the stands of the other parties. 42

43 New concepts of Sharing Recently, the concept of this "three items to be shared" has evolved and become, respectively, "sharing of knowledge", "faculty development" based on and mutual understanding based on "networks". experiences, 43

44 Conceptual diagram of Kyoto Model Forest 44

45 Field Education Center Sharing of experiences GIS Center Sharing of knowledge Round Table Meeting Sharing of value 45

46 GIS plays essential role GIS plays essential role to share such forest information. 46

47 Part 6 to the next generation 47

48 Model Forest Movement in urban forest area Case study in Kyoto will be good example for Model Forest Movement in urban forest area. Effective utilization of dead oak trees is a key point to activate regional economy. 48

49 with the time scale of forests The rotation of sustainable society is necessary to be judged by the rotation of nature, not the rotation of human measure. Since the forest has a life far longer than man, it is necessary to manage forests with the time scale of forests. By continuing Model Forest movement based on a PDCA cycle, we have a mission that we must leave better environment to the next generation as much as possible. 49

50 Thank you very much for your attention. 50

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52 Nonpermissive because of protection of copyrights. 52