Threats and weaknesses of wood as a construction material. Petri Heino, program director, wood building program

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1 Threats and weaknesses of wood as a construction material Petri Heino, program director, wood building program

2 About myself - A forester by profession - Allways promoting, researching, lobbying for the use of wood in construction - Puuinfo, Wood Focus, Nordic Timber Council, Finnish Forest Industries Federation, University of Applied Sciences in Kymenlaakso, Heinopuu Consulting, etc. - Since 8/2016 at the Ministry of the Environment.

3 Promotion programs of wood industry funded promotion started - Beginning of 1990 s the Wood Construction 2000 program - Wood construction technology program , - Year of the wood 1996, - Time for wood , - Wood Finland program , - Promotion program for wood construction Strategic program for forest industry Wood building program,

4 Wood Building Program of the Finnish Government Program administered by the Ministry of Environment: Wood construction will be promoted in line with the actions set out in the Government action plan and the National Energy and Climate Strategy. Funding: Bioeconomy and Clean solutions Key Project ( ), and Energy and Climate Strategy ( ) Goals: Promote the growth of internationally competitive industrial wood construction know-how and production in Finland Promote the long-term carbon strorage in timber structures and support the responsible use of forest resources. Quantitative targets: 10% annual increase in the production of wooden apartment buildings Increase the the carbon storage in wood products in the building stock Annually increase the industrial use of timber in construction Increase the number of public developers actively building with wood Increase the export of wooden building products

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6 Wood Building Program ( ) Urban building VISION Building communities with wood is natural Public building Local know-how Large structures Export prerequisites Influence through information and guidance Changing attitudes Promoting industrial solutions for wood in construction Strengthening knowledge and education Promiting international R&D Wood building tradition, foundation of knowledge, and positive development trend to meet the needs for healthy and safe building!

7 The construction sector needs to be developed further Productivity and quality improvement Ecological impact of the building sector minimized Health of the buildings in focus, especially public buildings Cost of the building works Greening of the public procurement Strategies for sustainable cities Value-adding of the wooden building parts and their export potentials Quality-beauty-esthetics-values demand Petri Heino 7

8 Forest Act of 1886 to secure the sustainability.

9 Properties of wood threats and weaknesses? - Natural material - Grows mold - Rots - Burns - Is food for insects - Tear and wear - Anisotropic - Dimension change related to moisture - Etc. Gallen-Kallela: Building, Kuva: Kansallisgalleria / Hannu Aaltonen

10 Some reasons for wood not being n:o 1 building material in Finland - Structure of the forest industry - Chemical vs. mechanical - Integrates vs. SME s - Export vs. domestic - Value-adding dom/export - Sawing vs. veneer-based prod. - Log price vs. pulpwood - Chip market - No intrest in domestic lobbying - Forest ownership, affecting to - Price relations - Price volatility - Availability of wood

11 Bottlenecks in adoption - Attitudes - Knowhow - Regulations - Economical - Political bottlenecks - And their joint effect! Petri Heino 11

12 Psychological barriers for enhanced use of wood Status quo delusion refrain from changing present behaviour models Lemming effect in decision making peer group influence strong Hindsight delusion react to events, not to research and rational thinking Incorrect conclusion of the invested resources are overvalued to support previous decisions Perceptions based on associations in decision making more weight is given to easily remembered events or choices Source: Puurakentaminen: Sääntelyn kapeikot ja kehittämisvaihtoehdot (PTT työpapereita 177) Petri Heino 12

13 Psychological barriers of the forest industry Not everything needs to be built out of wood wood is too expensive for finnish There is not enough of wood. Wood in an ecological building material! We are not builders! The domestic market is too small. Petri Heino 13

14 Extremities in discussion The prime minister Sipilä s speech on the 16th of Nov To increase the storage of carbon in wood in the new and renovated buldings is best possible climate policy in both the short and long term perspective Concrete industries bulleting to the members n:o , by Jussi Mattila Surely the Finnish forests should be utilized and wood used. But the climate impacts of wood usage are so MASSIVE, that the talks of the climate impact of the concrete usage can now be forgotten! Petri Heino 14

15 Wooden multistorey houses do not gain ground, , Tekniikka ja talous - Mr. Särkilahti (Skanska) says that the risks are too big in multistorey wood houses. Risks are image and cost related. - Fireissues and building physics are real problems. Also sound insulation is a challenge, since there is no mass of concrete in the floor structure. - He is troubled by the orthidoxy of wood builders. In wood building no hybrid structures are accepted, such as concrete in floor structures to improve sound performance - City of Turku has been rigid with the policy, lots are not given to builders not following the guidance also in the case of load-bearing structure.

16 Carbon neutral by 2045 Targets Leader in circular economy by 2025

17 Carbon neutral by Nearly 2045 zeroenergy buildings

18 In nzeb regulation the focus is on operative energy use Production Construction Use End-of-Life We are widening the scope to embodied energy and emissions Towards a full life cycle approach

19 Towards a sustainable built environment 2018 Nearly zero energy buildings 2025 Life cycle carbon footprint 20?? Other life cycle impacts 19

20 Environmental benefit of timber construction CO 2 Cycle of carbon CO 2 C Sustainable forest management Long-term carbon storage Bioenergy Pudasjärven hirsikoulu. Kuva: Juha Sarkkinen

21 Multistory apartment buildings with timber primary structures asuntokpl jatkuva vuosisumma I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV Indicators for the Wood Building Program: Number of apartments in wooden buildings Market share of apartments in wood building Source: Statistics Finland Asunnot puukerrostaloissa luvat aloitukset valmistuneet 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Asunnot kerrostaloissa, puurunkoisten markkinaosuus luvat aloitukset valmistuneet 1H2010 2H2010 1H2011 2H2011 1H2012 2H2012 1H2013 2H2013 1H2014 2H2014 1H2015 2H2015 1H2016 2H2016 1H2017 2H

22 Multistorey wood frame construction Sweden vs. Finland units/y 4000 units/y 1500 units/y

23 Conclusions It is inevitable that the use of wood in building and construction will increase New players are needed in the building value chain, that develop building systems and satisfies the growing demand All involved in building ecosystem need to update their knowledge of modern industrial wood construction Finland has knowledge and products to export Regulations need to be challenged again! Wood needs to be used in proper way! Petri Heino 23

24 Thank you for your attention! Wood Building Program Petri Heino ym.fi/puurakentaminen