IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN A PARTICIPATORY PLANNING. Tantri Lisdiawati, Murtir Jeddawi

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1 IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN A PARTICIPATORY PLANNING Tantri Lisdiawati, Murtir Jeddawi Abstract Regional development plan is the stage of developing the area. By such a plan the development can be undergone in accordance with the goals and direction of the development policy. This action is in line with one of the functions of the government that is called Development, thus the regional government function as a the administrator in the area has a duty to manage the local development which is integrated to the national development. Consequently, the local governments appropriate the local authority development plan as a whole in the national development planning system. In connection with this stroke, the government must ensure that the regional development plan is a part of the national development plans. Therefore, the plan should be set in advanced, and it must be ensured that the annual development plan uncharged plan development programs and activities in the area and to support the national programs and activities. Therefore, it becomes interesting to examine how the implementation of participatory planning carried out by the regional administration in harmonizing the plans from the Government, Local Government, and plans which is proposed by the society. D.I. Yogyakarta is an area which the environment is filled with students, and has a respected leader of his people, has a clear agenda of the implementation of musrenbang forum for one month period. This phenomenon is the reason why the author to do the study on the musrembang participatory planning forum in the D.I.Yogyakarta Province one of the districts that is Sleman. This is done to see the features related the musrenbang forum organized by provinces and districts in its region. The main focus of this research is to see how the process of musrenbang forum conducted by D.I.Yogyakarta Province in line with the efforts of improving the quality of development plan. Participatory planning is conducted in multiple stages, in accordance to achieve the synergy between national and regional development plans. INTRODUCTION This paper examines the improvement quality of the Regional Development Plan conducted by the Yogyakarta Special Province, in accordance with the formulation of the 2016 Final Draft of the Local Government Work Plan (Rancangan Akhir Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah /RKPD) of the Yogyakarta Special Province. The technique of data compilation is conducted by which of research field, interviews, and documents evaluation. Citing Muttalib & Akbar Mohd, Theory of Local Government, (2013: 7) states that the Local Government which based on geographical dimension is the representative body that has a series of local perception, conditions, needs, and particular problems, depending on the characteristics of the elements of the population and economy. This is reflected in all undertaken activities at the 1

2 respective areas including the diversity of race, culture, customs, that have formed the character of the people in the area, so that the leadership and management of the region different from other regions, and those distinctions have become special character or identity of the respective regions. Furthermore, according to the Law No. 23 Year 2014, concerning with the Regional Government who the leader acts as the executive component of the Regional Government Executive who rules the implementation of government affairs under the authority of the autonomous region. Thus, the Regional Government can be concluded as a legal entity led by the head of the region in running and executing the government tasks in line with the realization of the public welfare which is based on the local community s needs and condition within the framework of the United Nation of the Republic of Indonesia. This is parallel with the concept of the public administration that is bestuur/openbaar Diest. According to Sumargono in Labolo (2008), Local Government is the overall governing body and all terms that directly relate to the efforts of establishing and improving the welfare of its people. The three essential functions of government according to Ryaas (1997: 48) are: service, empowerment, and development. These three functions are to be implemented by continuously and sustainably, regardless of who is the leader of the country. The success of the leader should be evaluated by the success of implementing those functions. Moreover, to ensure the sustainability of government activities in achieving the national goals, it is important to formulate a development plan covering all sectors and aspects of the development which is synergized to each other and can solve the development problems. One of the planning approaches that could meet the stakeholders is by which of participatory approach. But unfortunately, this approach, known as the Development Plan Meeting (Musrenbang) is still as an obligatory attendance, the activities are only listening to the interest people speech, and filling out the attendance list. While the development problems projected are not discussed in details, consequently the programs and activities which are the content of the Local Government Work Plan only become a cyclical activity, even the expected output was almost the same with previous years. Yet the essence of participatory planning is to approve or deny and to clarify the input of all stakeholders and efforts to solve development problems based on the services given by the government and required by society as a follow-up action of the bottom-up planning. The community participation should be a system in preparing the agenda, because, through the community participation can obtained important information about crucial problems. The fact that the community participation has certain limitations, as result the form of the participation becomes a limited community participation. By the limited participation to the certain groups create the agenda preparation becomes biased in solving the public problems. The raised issues only represent a part of groups and the other part represents the government s considerations. Therefore, to make the participatory planning is carried out as it should be in the concept it is necessary to have assistance in the implementation. Attending the musrenbang enthusiastically cam provide some input to the annual regional development plans in D.I. Yogyakarta which is illustrated that the existence of the local communities could not be underestimated. It also illustrates that the characteristics of the community quality and local leaders have an important role in determining the course of the regional administration, in regional development in particular. The people point of view shift on the musrenbang, such a participatory planning which was only to be a formality or as a means of filling out the attendance list and receive an allowance should be changed into a formal forum with the purpose of expressing their aspirations and reconcile between what the government's desire and what the people wish accordingly become inputs for the planning which will be implemented, to make the D.I.Y musrenbang become a really 2

3 important plan in planning the regional development efforts. So far, the programs and activities often appear when the regional budgets are determined, reflecting that the budgeting given is not based on the services which should be presented to the public, but tend to be based on the rations or the amount of the budget allocated. If the programs and activities determined on the budget is not based on the RKPD, the basis for setting the budget, will be questionable. At the same time, the Law No. 17 year 2003 stated that RKPD is the guidelines to arrange KUA-PPAS in the framework of posting the budget. By finding program and in the APBD but not found in the RKPD and it is not a collective agreement, describes the fact shows that the planned program or activity is not based on the inventory results of the people aspirations but only to accommodate the interests of SKPD. Moreover, they are often found budget differences in RPJMD, RKPD, and APBAD and there is no basic legal regulation to change it. When the musrenbang is held, it is time and should be the right moment to merge and agree upon what the community needs, but not on what is desired by the regional administration. As a result, the stage of the synergy between the central and local governments becomes a power to agree on what the local communities wish not vice versa. Though the implementation procedures and stages of the local forum musrenbang has been legalized in the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 54 Year 2010 on the Implementation of Government Regulation No. 8 of 2008 on Procedures and Stages of organizing, controlling, and evaluating the present Implementation Plan of the Regional Development but, if it is examined one by one, some of the musrenbang forum results still far from what it is expected. This is due to the query whether the concept of participatory planning should be changed, or the guidelines of participatory planning needs to be reviewed and adjusted to the concept and the theory, or the participatory implementation needs also to be classified based on the local conditions, but still setting up the output according to the affected rules/ regulations. The forum existence is a place to accommodate the society aspirations, and a forum which is held every year in order to agree on the final draft of RKPD that us called the RKPD Musrenbang Forum. If the existence of musrenbang forum at this moment still only be considered as a formality/ceremonial forum, therefore the participatory planning becomes a forum which can not grasp the people aspirations but only as an effort to implement the rules or mechanisms of regional development planning. Even the worse, it affects the musrenbang RKPD just as a meeting to fill out the attendance list, and receive additional money. On the contrarily, the musrenbang output is an important input to arrange the local development plan documents. Since the function of local development plan document is formulated and established a standard as the basis of the implementation for the next government. Based on the foregoing, the author is interested in analyzing the implementation method of musrenbang forum conducted by D.I. Yogyakarta in The reason of choosing the D.I.Yogyakarta Province RKPD 2016 musrenbang forum activities to be analysed are as follows: 1. Based on the RKPD formulation 2016 Calendar, D.I.Yogyakarta Province. The implementation of Musrenbang is held prior to Musrenbang Province District. Whilst based on the procedures and stages of Musrenbang RPKD that legalized by Regulation of the Home Affairs Minister Number 54 Year 2010, it is stated that the provincial musrenbang implemented after musrenbang district. 2. The Guidelines of Musrenbang Province year 2015 states that Musrenbang RKPD 2016 held once a month. 3. The Conditions of Jogyakarta people who comprise the educated people in majority with a leader who has been a model of the society, causing the government leadership should be able to lead in a well manner 3

4 with high and perfect credibility in running the government. Pursuant to Law No. 23 Year 2014 Article 263 act (4) of on the Regional Government, Local Government Work Plan (Rancangan Akhir Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah /RKPD) is a document of the regional planning for the period of 1 (one) year. Therefore, RKPD is a guideline for All the Regional Task Force (Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah SKPD) in carrying out their each role and function in accordance with applicable regulations. Further the elucidation of the Law No. 23 of 2014 Article 263 act (4) states that, "SKPD is an the Elaboration of the Medium Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah/ RPJMD) which contains the proposed framework for the regional economy, regional development priorities, as well as the work plan and funding for a the period of 1 (one) year formulated based on the Government Work Plan and national strategic program set by the central government ". Therefore, RKPD become one of the regional development plan documents that are important in implementing the local development synergized with national development planning. Along with that matter, the implementation formulation of RKPD 2017, the government began to start finding some points that must be implemented by the respective ministry. The discussions are carried out to ensure that program and activities to be conducted synergized in 2017 and to endorse in achieving the 2017 national priorities. The discussion result, is to be evaluated and agreed upon the national-level participatory planning. (Musrenbang nas). The belief "Money follows the programs" are expected to be more effective and efficient in preparing development plans. Talking about the Regional Head Regulations, it should be based on the Regional Regulation of RPJMD, it has meaning that the implementation should follow the guidance of RPJMD, thus the annual plan program of RPJMD is a document is that will be determined and agreed to be implemented in each year. It means that RKPD is the manifestation to achieve the vision, mission, and programs of the regional head and its deputy in realizing the society welfare. Therefore, if the programs and activities are undertaken annually or contained in the RKPD s content are not based on the RPJMD, the vision, mission, and programs that have been set will not be achieved, and it means that this is the same as public lie. It can be concluded that the regulation of the Regional Head of the RKPD is against to the Regional Regulation of the RPJMD, then the existence of the regional head regulation of ARTF has never been existed, this is in accordance with the principle of law where the rules under which must not conflict with more regulations on hierarchy (lex supriori derogat legi inferiori). Theoretically when talking about planning one of the definitions is expressed by Kunarjo (1993:7) He defined that planning is the process of preparing decisions that is to be implemented later on in the time to come that directed to achieving a certain goals. Furthermore, Kunarjo stated that planning has the following elements: 1) concerning future; 2) designing a set of activities systematically; 3) and designed to achieve specific goals. So it is clear if a planning is also an effort of minimizing mistakes, it is due to the short-term planning according Kunarjo (1993) referred to the annual operational plan that has more concrete goals, and when it is viewed from the deviation, the short-term planning deviation is smaller than the long-term aberration. Thus the orientation of the annual planning is on the output of respective activity to be carried out in a one-year period which the national priorities are still supported. The RPJMD forms documents of a medium-term development plan were formulated and established in a six - months after the head and deputy regional 4

5 has been elected and inaugurated. This means that the RPJMD documents has become a paper which describes the head and the deputy regional s promises to the vision, mission, and programs that are pledged for the sake of the local people welfare. Kunarjo (1993) explained that, "the medium-term planning, the large (sector) goals could already be projected quantitatively. (Kunarjo, perencanaan dan pembiayaan pembangunan 1993). Meaning that in the EMTDP must already contain measurable targets in a large group (sector) which will be responsible person to any program that will be executed. Incidentally, what the government need to do to the formulation of planning, is to evaluate or examine in detail both the midterm or short-term plans to be stated by the legislation, so that the plan is agreed upon and set out forms plans formulated by the existing resources, not based on the agreed funding sources. When observing the evaluation result of the local development planning which is always found inconsistencies between the RKPD programs and the RPJMD programs, indicates that what of the stakeholders wishes are not in line with what the annual expectation. If so, then the stated vision and mission in the RPJMD, will obviously not be achieved. So the stated targets and the determined programs which based on the strategic issues that have been formulated previously only function as the written outline. The plans of program and activities are the follow-up of the vision and mission of the regional head. It means that the programs and activities are the effort to realize the vision and mission of the selected areas of the regional head and the deputy. Though the vision of mission derive from the regional head and the deputy but, it is often resulting plans that are not in line with that required by the local community, so that from year to year, the program is only a routine activity and not to carry out the functions of government role in a real sense. 5 The essences of planning that must be explained by the head of the region in developing its region according to Baker (2011: 13) are as follows: 1). Defining the city's mission Everyone has their own mission and obsession. It is important to think how the diverse missions from many people could become a committed political agreement. So the regional head s mission derives from the desire of its society. 2). As a community, develop an action plan to achieve the mission. A clear communication is not only derived from the script constituent to a target group, but also vice versa, it is because that the communication is dedicated to building the consensus, it is therefore necessary to have the political process. This process is embodied in the participatory planning. In connection with this, the bureaucracy required to adjust and agree on what is a mutual agreement between the governing and the governed. 3) Communicating the plan clearly to the public. The formulated plan is discussed jointly before it is defined and determined and that become a consensus which should be implemented consistently. 4) Integrating the efforts to build the city. Each planning is carried out integrative; a plan set by each of the Regional staff forms a policy that need to be supported and followed up jointly by the other staffs in order to develop the region. 5) Based working on the plan. The success and failure could be evaluated through planning. The previous work evaluation results become a source to continue the future work. Accomplishing the plan, is also accomplishing the agenda of the person incharge. When the documents of the plans contain strong consensus, accordingly the realization will be escorted by the energy and public resources. In this context, the government bureaucracy need to be ensured that the set

6 of local development plans which are elaborated in the implementation of the program of activities should be done through the policy development process by considering the resources available. 6) Preparing and Measuring report on each progress. The documents plan adjustment can be done to correct negligence neither occurred nor does to respond to do environmental change strategies. Besides, more importantly the adjustment is to respond to the new consensus. In support of this, the government bureaucracy needs to evaluate the activities that have been carried out and knowing the constraints encountered, so that the next development plan is a continuation of the previous execution (sustainability), but still associated with changes in the economy and local conditions. 7) Keep improving by adjusting the plan and developing new strategies based on the performance. The documents plan adjustment can be done to correct negligence neither occurred nor does to respond to do environmental change strategies. Besides, more importantly the adjustment is to respond to the new consensus. In support of this, the government bureaucracy must be responsive to the changes and make any necessary revisions to improve the situation, but still maintain a common consensus. Therefore, the plan produced by the regional head functions as a government administrator in its region that will be in line with the service desired and needed by local communities. Participatory planning Some planning approaches stipulated in Government Regulation No. 8 of 2008 concerning with the Stages, Procedures Preparation, Control and Evaluation Plan for Regional Development and Minister Regulation No. 54 Year 2010 regarding with the Implementation of Government Regulation No. 8 Year 2008, namely Top-Down planning 6 approach, technocratic, political, and participative. Based on some planning approaches above, this article will only discuss the participatory approach in the context of preparing RKPD in the province of D.I. Yogyakarta, Sleman district used as a pilot project. Sharry R Arnstein stated that: citizen participation is a categorical term for citizen power. It is the redistribution of power that enables the have-not citizens, presently excluded from the political and economic processes, to be deliberately included in the future. It is the strategy by which the have-nots join in determining how information is shared, goals and policies are set, tax resources are allocated, programs are operated, and benefits like contracts and patronage are parceled out. In short, it is the means by which they can induce significant social reform which enables them to share in the benefits of the affluent society.(1969). Further M. Connor (1988) states that, Citizen participation is a manysplendored thing, but is one that has its price. When its many and diverse practitioners start to discuss lternative approaches to specific issues, the result sometimes resembles the Tower of Babel, with all the busy builders quite unable to communicate with one another. From both opinions, participatory planning should be labeled as a process planning which attended by all parts of the society including marginalized society. In realization to the matter above, the development of a country or area is joint responsibility, so the achievement of development goals is a also shared responsibility. This consensus result of participatory planning should be as guideilne for all stakeholders. However, due to the communication barrier, the agreement on the programs and activities in the forum

7 musrenbang is sometimes hard to be done. This situation is still reflected in some areas, where public participation is only a formality which has been time-consuming with no expected result. B. DISCUSSION ON THE RESEARCH To obtain information about Musrenbang activities in the province of D.I. Jogyakarta, the author do a visit to D.I. Jogyakarta Province and Sleman district. The author s activities during his visits are attending the meetings, conducting interviews, and studying the documents. Article 1, Law No. 25 year 2004 regarding with the National Development Planning System stated that the Council Planning hereinafter abbreviated Musrenbang is an inter-stakeholder forum in accordance with setting the regional development plans. But the fact that there are still many Musrenbang forums during which only be held as an obligatory pace without knowing the essence of the forum. If so, the Musrenbang forum is just wasting fund and time. If musrenbang is a form of participatory planning, then there is no disdinction process of the participatory planning between the medium-term planning and short-term, but have differences in Musrenbang s outputs ie when musrenbang is a part of the mediumterm planning, the results of musrenbang forms a broad consensus in the development plan for five year which must be implemented by all stakeholders, which will be determined on the Regional Regulation. So, the approved program the RPJMD for a period of five (5) years, is a program that should be elaborated into annual planning, whereas the musrenbang in the development planning short term, does not agree on the proposed new programs, but it is an agreement program in the respective year of which the achievement outcome through action plans agreed by considering the results of the 7 evaluation activities and identification of problems happening around (based on community proposals and the achievement of activities to achieve the goals and objectives that have been set). Besides, in the musrenbang annual, the achievement of the national priority programs became a part of the discussion in it. Therefore, the implementation of the annual activity is a manifestation of the government's objectives and targets to be achieved both regionally and nationally. To provide optimal service to the community through the implementation of the plans that have been agreed and set, then the results of each regional development plan needs to be reconstructed to formulate the final results of each stage, so that the process of formulating a policy can lead to a comprehensive formulation supported by the results of the evaluation with the purpose of finding the root of the problem. In the regional development plan, the thing that is equally important to do is to set plans based on the regional budget constraints. It is common knowledge when the region has not afford to finance the needs of its employees that create such a question "How to carry out all the ideas derive from the evaluation and planning process?" Therefore, in line with the saying "Money follows the programs" which functions as guideline in preparing the government work plan of 2017 requires the allocation budget that should be applied based on the planning of the activities to be implemented, not based on the division of the basis of equality and concencous factors. The next, when the region only afford to finance a small part of planned activities, and when the region can not afford enough to finance the needs of the employees, then how can finance the services to the community? Consequently, the desire to give maximum service to the public if it is not supported by the finance only become a speech. Thus, it is clear that the planning and budgeting are just like the two sides of a coin. Based on the results of the field research, the implementation of musrenbang forum held in Sleman regency in 2015, it is carried

8 out after the opening of the D.I. Yogyakarta Province musrenbang forum to be held. This finding shows clearly that the Sleman musrenbang forum is the follow up which integrated to the D.I. Yogyakarta Province musrenbang forum. The procedure of conducting the regency of musrenbang forum, should be given a direction first in the opening ceremony of the Province Musrenbang forum, after that the Regency or the City implements the musrenbang forum at the respective districts of the city to discuss the input and aspirations from the grassroots level. Therefore, the RKPD Musrenbang 2016 in Sleman regency is conducted not long after the opening of the RKPD Musrenbang provincial is carried out, and one of the agendas musrenbang forum in Sleman is to present the province priority of So the programs and activities to be implemented in the provincial and district could be the program and activities reference that will be implemented in Sleman by keeping the consideration of the needs of the society. Along with the local development planning concept which integrated to the national development planning is reflected on the stages of the preparation of the Local Government Work Plan of D.I.Yogyakarta Province. One of the districts becomes the research locus that is Sleman Regency, from this region it is found a portrait that in the implementation the musrenbang forum emerge a communication between local communities and local governments related to the services needed to be discussed together in the forum and become a consideration in determining the programs and activities that will be agreed upon. This is a proof that the community actively participate in development. Thus, the plan of programs and activities agreed is a form of government responsibility in providing services to the public. Prior to the communication between the district and the community, the provincial government representatives of D.I. Yogyakarta conveys policy direction, goals, objectives, and the provincial development plans priorities as well as the national program targets. It is aimed at matching the policies of the 8 respective ministry with the development targets planned for the respect year and associated with the activities which will be implemented in the region. So, the musrenbang forum is a means to ensure that the local government district or city has a synergy with the provinces and with the policy of the central government. Based on the musrenbang district forum results, the next is to be re-discussed at the provincial level to do the alignment by checking the directives that have been granted to be followed, while ensuring alignment between programs and activities in the province with a plan of RKPD program or activities of the district. Thus, any measures implemented by the district or city and province will work together, which can ultimately to achieve the goal that has been agreed in RPJMD provincial and regency or city. To improve the quality of regional development plan, the D.I. Yogyakarta province formulate a final draft of 2016 RKPD through musrenbang RKPD forum (Local Government Work Plan) 2016 conducted in five stages, includes; First, Thematic Forum, it is a forum discussing the strategic issues that have a direct impact to the community and the Counter measures Cross Sector Synergy and Priorities, Second, the SKPD Forum, it is a forum attended by all sectors in every SKPD province. Third, District or City (Territorial) forum, it is the forum attended by all regencies or cities in the province to ensure the consistency of the development alignment between provinces and districts or municipalities in the formulation of concepts, strategies, plans, programs and activities, and the Fourth, Trilateral Desk Forum, it is a forum held to agree the program which become the region priority and the efforts to achieve them. Fifth, the SKPD Joint Forum, it is a forum that provides an understanding on the process of the planning structured and in line with the starting point from the stage of formulating the thematic concepts tol the strategies plans which are then manifested quickly into 2016 programs. Those five stages of musrenbang referred, which is held from March 2 nd to

9 April 1 st 2015 has already changed the perception of Musrenbang forum to as a process of ceremonial or formality, but it is a form of participatory planning in line with the expected goals ie to be intended as to accommodate the aspirations of the community, as well as to invent problems and strategic issues of provincial and national levels, so that regional development can be implemented in accordance with national development goals and the targets of the Special region of Yogyakarta C. CONCLUSION Based on the forum s activities stages, the author concluded that the implementation of DIY Province Musrenbang forum has different characters (innovation) with Musrenbang forum in other provinces. Through, the stages of musrenbang forum it is expected to realize the annual development which synergized to each other in the Year of On the other side, this event also illustrates that the government has goodwill to always show its ideal leadership which is able to have ideas to develop their regions. Therefore, participatory planning is a means of harmonizing the bottom-up and topdown plan that can be implemented in line with the characteristics of their respective regions, but still be implemented with a clear mechanism. So, the realization of the musrenbang forum conducted in the region should not be the same as the musrenbang forum conducted in the province or in other regions. The mechanisms innovation of D.I.Y musrenbang forum is the evidence that each region has its own way to ask for feedback, and to agree, and then be reflected in the local development plan. Along with this point, the Local Government should not only implement the innovation derive from the local government working environment, but also be able to explore the local community s potential. Moreover, the local government not only to make a plan based on the amount indicative budget limit which has been determined for each region, but also based on the type of services needed by the community. That s why, the local community existence and characteristics has a major role in deciding the policy. In this regard, a policy made by the local government should be a resulted policy based on the consideration of the existing resources. So, the aspiration of doing something is not talk only but it is something which is achievable based on available resources. Referring on the description above, the existence of Yogyakarta society that full of educated people, it make easier for the society to do a social interaction, especially a province which the community assume to have a leader who always be a figure as the great person. Thus it encourages the leader to be a perfect person in front of his society. This also makes one of the factors which take effect to the success of the regional development. With the innovation in the development planning, it is expected the countries ambition printed in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution can be realized collectively. Refferences 1. UNDANG UNDANG Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah 2. UNDANG UNDANG Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. 3. Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 54 Tahun Ryaas, Makna Pemerintahan Tinjauan dari Segi Etika Pemerintahan, PT Yarsif Watampone Buku panduan pelaksanaan Musrenbang RKPD provinsi D.I.Yogyakarta Kunarjo, Perencanaan dan Pembiayaan, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta Kunarjo, Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Program Pembangunan, Universitas Indonesia Soekarwo, Participatory Governanced Jogyakarta Originally published as Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969, pp National Civic Review, V77 No.3 May- June

10 11. Muthalib & Akbar Mohd, Theory of Local Government, Halaman 7, MIPI Sumargono Ilmu Pemerintahan, Ilmu- Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Ilmu Pemerintahan Terapan dalam Labolo muhamadan dkk, Beberapa Pandangan Dasar tentang Ilmu Pemerintahan, Halaman 64, Baker Rick, The Seamless City, New York, 2011 Reference English Version (kalau diperlukan 1. LAW No. 23 Year 2014 on Regional Government 2. LAW No. 25 of 2004 on National Development Planning System. 3. Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 54 Year Ryaas, meaning Governance Overview of Government Ethics Segi, PT Yarsif Watampone handbook Musrenbang province RKPD D.I.Yogyakarta Kunarjo, Planning and Finance, University of Indonesia in Kunarjo, Planning and Program Development, University of Indonesia in Soekarwo, Participatory Governanced Jogyakarta, Originally published as Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969, pp National Civic Review, V77 3 May-June Muttalib & Mohd Akbar, Theory of Local Government, Page 7, MIPI Sumargono Government Science, Sciences Administration and Governance Applied Sciences in Labolo muhamadan et al, Some B asic Views on Public Administration, Page. 13. Rick Baker, The Seamless City, New York,