Emergency Response Preparedness in Indonesia

Transcription

1 A Report for the Humanitarian Country Team Emergency Response Preparedness in Indonesia A Report for the Humanitarian Country Team Presentation for the UN-NGO- Donor Meeting 19 May 2016

2 Background 1. Development of the Emergency Response Preparedness (ERP) Guidance is part of the 2012 Transformative Agenda by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee 2. ERP Guidance replaces the 2007 IASC Contingency Planning Guidelines 3. It advocates for a proactive rather than reactive approach to emergency preparedness 4. Aim to optimise speed and volume of critical assistance provided by the international system when accepted/requested by a Member State it aims to ensure added value to national response

3 ERP Components 1. Risk Analysis and monitoring 2. Minimum Preparedness Actions 3. Advanced Preparedness Actions and Contingency Plans

4 ERP Guidance ERP provides specific guidance on: i. Compatibility of national and international cluster arrangements. ii. Contingency planning needs based on the ERP risk analysis (minimum preparedness/advanced preparedness). iii. Better planning for potential future international support to national disaster response efforts.

5 Methodology for the ERP Report for Indonesia 1. Literature review 2. First round of interviews with non-government stakeholders: INGOs, NGOs, Lead Agencies, UN Agencies, Red Cross, National Peak bodies, Religious groups, CSR 3. Draft report of findings 4. Second round of interviews with government stakeholders: BNPB Deputies and staff, BPBDs, National Cluster leads, Relevant Ministry staff, remaining actors 5. Adaption and completion of draft minimum preparedness actions Checklist 6. Final Report 7. Review by Humanitarian Country Team 8. Presentation to BNPB (today)

6 Findings Risk Analysis and Monitoring Indonesia faces a huge diversity of risks and has robust and effective monitoring systems in place. Independent risk analysis and monitoring by the HCT is not required. ERP RA&M process not appropriate But there is a need for more formalised process for shared analysis between the Government and the HCT Capacity building work with BNPB and monitor agencies should continue

7 Findings General Preparedness Indonesia is prepared for almost any scale of disaster, where only primarily Indonesian interests are affected. Adequate financial, physical and human resources. Competent and capable national and regional disaster response agencies, backed up by military and departmental services. Highly engaged civil society, NGO s, private sector, religious groups. Not perfect but on a clear path forward. A range of issues continue to effect actual response capacity as noted in report.

8 Findings Overarching Issues Significance of linguistic and cultural differences under-estimated by international partners. Perceptions of preparedness vary. Theoretical versus actual preparedness. Impact of regional autonomy laws on how command structures work. BNPB Guideline (Perka) No. 22 and its implications for international support in the event of acceptance by Indonesia. Conflict or human rights-based disasters. Contingency planning processes. Relationship between risk reduction and humanitarian response.

9 Findings Preparedness of Key Actors Government preparedness BNPB and BPBDs The national disaster response framework The national cluster mechanism Slow-onset and complex disasters UN and humanitarian country team preparedness including international clusters. NGO preparedness, both national and international The role of the Red Cross Movement The changing role of the donor community The role of ASEAN and the ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Programme The relationship between national and international civil and military partners. The emergence of new partners such as the private sector, political parties and others.

10 Findings Cluster Alignment Mixed levels of alignment: Well Aligned; Education, Health, Logistics, Early Recovery Poorly Aligned; Wash, CCCM, Nutrition and Food Security The real question is how the international clusters can better support national clusters? Potential logical link

11 When may international assistance still be needed? Three Factors: 1. The scale of humanitarian impact 2. The impact on other countries national interests 3. The impact on national response capacity

12 Future Role of International Assistance? Key Variables Category One Category 2 Category 3 Disaster(s) of almost any scale where primarily only national interests are impacted. National response and coordination mechanisms are still capable of adequately addressing urgent humanitarian needs. Large scale disaster(s) where multiple countries interests are deeply impacted, but national response and coordination mechanisms are still functional and responding to needs. Large scale disaster(s) where national response and coordination mechanisms have been heavily impacted and/or are temporarily unable to adequately address urgent humanitarian needs. Example Scenarios Repeat of West Sumatra, West Java or Yogyakarta Earthquakes Major floods in Jakarta Mentawai Mega Thrust Major Tsunami in Bali Major Chemical spill in Malacca Straight M6-7 earthquake in Jakarta M8-9 earthquake, Epidemic or Major chemical incident in Baten heavily affecting Jakarta Probable Coordination Mechanism National coordination by BNPB/BPBD and National Clusters Joint coordination Large scale consular assistance requiring coordination IASC cluster coordination Joint military coordination Rapid hand over to joint coordination and then National coordination Potential International Assistance International assistance by existing actors in country welcomed but not requested Specific targeted assistance may be requested Wide variety of international assistance by a broad range of actors depending on nature and location of disaster International assistance by a wide range of actors Likely to involve high level civ-mil assistance

13 Annex 2 Minimum Preparedness Actions Work programme for the HCT to ensure minimum preparedness capacity to respond to a disaster in Indonesia. MPAs require engagement with Government-led clusters. MPAs cover: Risk Monitoring Coordination and Management Arrangements Needs Assessment/Information Management and Response Monitoring Operational Capacity to deliver assistance and protection MPAs should be adapted to the country context.

14 Future Role of International Assistance? 1) Ongoing policy and operational support and capacity building for preparedness through a refined cluster mechanism under the National Disaster Response Framework. 2) Disaster response assistance: (a) Category 1: Support if and as welcomed (b) Category 2: coordination Consular and response assistance and co- (c) Category 3: Activation of international mechanisms, and civ-mil response on the basis of carefully pre-agreed planning and procedures (per ERP Guidance). 3) Support for regional response: Supporting Indonesia develop its role assisting in regional disaster response, both bilaterally and through ASEAN

15 Proposed Next Steps Review of the report by BNPB to assess usefulness and viability to support future engagement between the Government and the HCT followed by feedback from BNPB to finalise the report. Share report with other humanitarian partners. Presentations of report to other Government interlocutors. Joint analysis of the minimum preparedness actions (Annex 2) to determine a forward workplan for implementation including assessment of implications on: Coordination arrangements between the Government and international partners (revision to the coordination structures at policy (Govt/UN/NGO/Donor Coordination Meeting ) and operational (Clusters) levels The National Disaster Response Framework Head of BNPB Regulation No. 22 Development of an updated contingency plan for HCT preparedness. Participation of HCT in Ambon EAS SimEx in November 2016 (proposed)