War, Famine, Natural Disaster and Health. Health & Human Rights

Transcription

1 War, Famine, Natural Disaster and Health Session 14 November 20, 2013 Health & Human Rights WHO Constitution: The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being. Human right: an entitlement due to every human simply because of being human UN Declaration of Human Rights Standard of health: targets governments set for improving the health of their populations Selassie, AW 1

2 Access to Health The right to health includes right to access, at least basic healthcare services, essential drugs and other health technologies, water and other foundational resources for health War, Famine, Natural Disasters disrupt access Access to Health Care Availability of facilities, staff, and supplies Accessibility (geographic and physical access) Affordability Acceptability (cultural access) Appropriateness (Quality) Selassie, AW 2

3 Access to Medication & Barriers Costs >$1 billion to create and test a new drug 5 7 years patent granted to recoup Research and Development expenses, but may exceed People in high income countries have much greater access to medications than people in low income countries Selassie, AW 3

4 11/23/2013 A. Selassie (Adapted from Jones & Bartlett Learning Slides) Access to Water Water is necessary for survival, everyone has a right to an adequate quantity of clean water at a reasonable cost Challenges to water access Water privatization Water rights War and strife Selassie, AW 4

5 Disasters & Health War and disasters disrupt normal activities Always, there are critical needs after a natural or human generated disasters Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) Food Shelter and personal care items Essential health services Severely undercuts health status of vulnerable pop groups (children, elderly, and women) Human rights must be protected Selassie, AW 5

6 Civil Conflicts & War Complex humanitarian emergencies needed for years Undernutrition is a primary concern Disrupted social services create public and personal health problems, including infectious disease outbreaks Selassie, AW 6

7 Refugees & IDPs Refugee: a person who has been forced to move because of security concerns like war or persecution IDP (internally displaced person): a person forced to move who has not crossed an international border UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) provides services to refugees but is limited in what it can provide to IDPs Various health concerns occur during the phases of the cycle of displacement Post Conflict Needs Repair of health systems Expansion of rehabilitation services Environmental health (such as landmine removal) Selassie, AW 7

8 Natural Disasters Natural disasters may cause an urgent need for basic necessities Responders should coordinate their efforts May also be used by local authorities to deliberately impose difficult conditions on marginalized population groups Selassie, AW 8

9 11/23/2013 A. Selassie (Adapted from Jones & Bartlett Learning Slides) Selassie, AW 9

10 Emergency Preparedness 4 Rs Reduction (mitigation) of risks Readiness (preparedness) to respond to an emergency Response to an imminent, ongoing, or immediately past threat Recovery and rebuilding Emergency management phases Selassie, AW 10

11 Discussion Questions 11/23/2013 A. Selassie (Adapted from Jones & Bartlett Learning Slides) Selassie, AW 11