Spatial Range Munitions Constituents (MC) Modeling Capabilities

Transcription

1 Spatial Range Munitions Constituents (MC) Modeling Capabilities Zhonglong Zhang, PhD, PE Billy Johnson, PhD, PE ERDC/EL, Vicksburg, MS Environment, Energy Security, and Sustainability (E2S2) Symposium May, 9-12, 2011 US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG

2 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE MAY REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED to TITLE AND SUBTITLE Spatial Range Munitions Constituents (MC) Modeling Capabilities 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Army Engineer Research and Development Center,Environmental Laboratory,3909 Halls Ferry Road,Vicksburg,MS, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR S ACRONYM(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR S REPORT NUMBER(S) 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Presented at the NDIA Environment, Energy Security & Sustainability (E2S2) Symposium & Exhibition held 9-12 May 2011 in New Orleans, LA. 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

3 Objectives Provide the range manager with tools that can be implemented to meet regulatory compliance goals and long-term sustainable management of the installation Develop, test and validate an integrated, multi-scale, multi-media, multi-pathway model for evaluation of distributed sources of munitions constituents (MC) on military testing and training lands Build and demonstrate a watershed application that represents full hydrologic processes, erosion /sedimentation, contaminant loadings, and instream water quality responses from military testing and training lands within and outside the Installation

4 Background Potentially Contaminates of Concern (CoCs) Explosives (RDX, TNT, HMX, DNT ) Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper ) Potentially environmental issues CoCs may be moving off range areas in sufficient concentration and contaminate surface water or ground water People, plants and animals may be exposed to the CoCs, eventually pose a toxic threat to human health and ecosystems SURFACE WATER Conceptual Site Model

5 Watershed Modeling AQUA TERRA HEC-HMS HSPF SWAT SWMM Subbasin GSSHA DSVHM MIKE-SHE Cell

6 GSSHA Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis Developed and maintained at the ERDC GSSHA is a physically based and fully distributed watershed model. GSSHA works on a uniform spatial grid. GSSHA closely links the hydrologic compartments at the watershed scale. GSSHA explicitly include spatially heterogeneous features, such as varying land use, source areas, BMPs, etc. GSSHA has been tested on a number of very different watersheds.

7 GSSHA 2D Overland Flow 1D Channel Network 2Dx1D Infiltration 2D Groundwater 2D Evapotranspiration Snowfall Accumulation and Melting Wetlands Storm/Tile Drains Small Lakes and Detention Basins 1D Channel Hydraulic Structures (Culverts, Weirs) Stream/Groundwater Interaction Sediment Erosion and Deposition 2D Overland 2D Saturated 1D Subsurface

8 GSSHA Applications Surface water hydrology Sediment and Contaminant Transport Surface Water/Groundwater Interaction Surface water quality and TMDL s

9 Contaminant Transport, Transformation & Fate (CTT&F) GSSHA simulates surface runoff, interflow, baseflow and streamflow discharge, quantifies sediment rates of each grain size fraction for erosion from the soil surface and bed, and for deposition. CTT&F accounts for contaminant sources, movement, and chemical reactions for: Surface runoff Soil and interflow Groundwater discharge Streamflow Surface soil Point and Non-Point Sources Vadose zone Groundwater Water Sediment

10 Current CTT&F Capabilities Multiple (4) phase partitioning of MCs Solids, Dissolved in water, Bound to DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), Sorbed to sediment particles Multi-media physical transport processes Overland flow Stream network Eight (8) biochemical transformation processes Dissolution of solids Biodegradation Hydrolysis Oxidation Photolysis (Photodegradation) Volatilization User-defined extra reaction (second-order) Transformations and daughter products

11 CTT&F Framework Water Contaminant Partitioning Extern al loading column, Ai r-water Advecti on,l Particulate Contaminant Advecti on... Sorption J Sorbed j DOC-bound Binding Dissolved l.oo.. Dispersion Contaminant Contaminant I Di spersion IIIII.. Dissolution I Separate I Ioiii.. I Kinoll< Pro<m.. 7. I Biodegredation ~ ~ Hydrolysis Oxidation Ph otolys is Resu spen sion l.l>latili"<ion \Mass ;J"ransfer Deposition Mass Transfer (Erosion) Daughter transf.... r ::: ~, , Benthic(Upper) 1 sedimen t layer : ~ Sorbed DOC-bound Dissolved ~ onbminant I onbmina onbmin~ ~ ~G Sep a r.~te Dissolution ontamina l I r ~r Second o r Scour Burial bottom lay er Water-soil Dissolved Phase Sorbed Phase Contaminant Partitioning Equilibria DOC Bound Phase

12 Integrated GSSHA-CTT&F GSSHA Hydraulic, Hydrologic, Sediment Fluxes and Overall Model Timestepping CTT&F Constituent Kinetics TMT Transport Algorithms, Constituent Memory Allocation, I/O, Mass Balance Facilitates the addition of new kinetic packages (e.g. NSM, Heavy Metals, Radionuclides, etc.) in the future.

13 Model Testing & Validation Experiment plots was designed to simulate rainfall driven transport and transformations of explosives residues deposited on surface soils of firing ranges Explosive particles (Comp B) and RDX and TNT were modeled Two land covers were used to simulate two different surface roughness conditions: disturbed (unvegetated) and undisturbed (vegetated). Initial chemical loading: 500g / 67.5ft 2 = 79.73g / m 2. The rainfall (2.8 in/hr) corresponds to a 50 year rainfall event.

14 Model Testing & Validation Flow Vegetated Comp-B Water samples Flow Unvegetated Comp-B 8 Unvegetated 8 Vegetated 7 7 Runoff flow rate (m3/s) Simulated Measured Runoff flow rate (L/min) Simulated Measured Time (min) Time (min)

15 Model Testing & Validation Unvegetated Vegetated RDX concentration (mg/l) Simulated Measured Comp B (RDX/TNT) RDX concentration (mg/l) Simulated Measured TNT concentration (mg/l) Time (min) 0.6 Simulated Measured TNT RDX TNT concentration (mg/l) Time (min) 0.1 Simulated 0.08 Measured Time (min) Time (min)

16 Watershed Application Demonstration Training Site is the largest reserve component training site, covering 136,000 acres, and a wide range of support facilities to support a variety of missions Watershed Area is approximately 112 square miles.

17 Watershed Application Demonstration Middle Creek Drainage Area = 4.0 mi 2

18 Watershed Application Demonstration Hydrograph Observed Simulated Discharge (m3/s) /31/05 0:00 3/31/05 12:00 4/1/05 0:00 4/1/05 12:00 4/2/05 0:00 4/2/05 12:00 Time RDX TNT 7.00E E E E-10 RDX concentration (g/m3) 5.00E E E E-12 Total Dissolved TNT concentration (g/m3) 5.00E E E E-10 Total Dissolved 1.00E E E+00 3/31/05 0:00 3/31/05 12:00 4/1/05 0:00 4/1/05 12:00 4/2/05 0:00 4/2/05 12: E+00 3/31/05 0:00 3/31/05 12:00 4/1/05 0:00 4/1/05 12:00 4/2/05 0:00 4/2/05 12:00 Time Time

19 Watershed Application Demonstration logyteam#p/u/3/kzbqmnbd20i

20 Summary GSSHA-CTT&F has been developed as a physically based, distributed, integrated watershed scale modeling system Application of the model to the training range indicates the GSSHA-CTT&F is a useful tool for predicting the site-specific behavior of explosives residue and multiple compounds The CTT&F algorithms and integration with GSSHA will be further validated directly against monitored range scale data Further development and enhancement of the CTT&F sub-model are underway.