Hazardous Materials for First Responders

Transcription

1 Hazardous Materials for First Responders 4 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Hazardous Materials

2 Learning Objective 1 Distinguish between hazardous materials incidents and other emergencies. 1 1

3 What makes a hazardous materials incident different? Click image to play 1 2

4 REVIEW QUESTION How are hazardous materials incidents different from other types of emergencies? 1 3

5 Learning Objective 2 Discuss the roles of Awareness-Level and Operations-Level responders. 1 4

6 There are six levels of training according to NFPA standards. Awareness Operations Haz Mat Technician Haz Mat Branch Officer Haz Mat Incident Commander Private Sector Specialist 1 5

7 There are five levels of training according to OSHA standards. Awareness Operations Haz Mat Technician Haz Mat Branch Officer On Scene Incident Commander 1 6

8 First responder roles vary by training level. Click for next slide 1 7

9 REVIEW QUESTION What are Awareness-Level personnel s responsibilities at a hazardous materials incident? What are Operations-Level personnel s responsibilities at a hazardous materials incident? 1 8

10 Learning Objective 3 Describe the various types of hazardous materials hazards. 1 9

11 There are two main definitions of hazardous exposure. Acute Chronic Acute health effects Chronic health effects 1 10

12 Cold temperatures can present unique dangers when working with cryogenic and liquefied gases. Liquefied gas Cryogen Instantly freeze materials (Continued) 1 11

13 DISCUSSION QUESTION What are some examples of cryogenic materials? 1 12

14 Cryogenic and liquefied gases can boil into a much larger vapor cloud. Courtesy of Steve Irby, Owasso Fire Department 1 13

15 WARNING! Any clothing saturated with a cryogenic material may be removed immediately. This actions is particularly important if the vapors are flammable or oxidizers. A first responder could not escape flames from clothing-trapped vapors if they were to ignite. 1 14

16 Elevated temperature materials can ignite flammable and combustible materials. Examples Require extreme caution Increase heat effects 1 15

17 The U.S. DOT definition of elevated-temperature material. Click for next slide 1 16

18 Radiological Hazards exist at specific types of incidents. 1 17

19 Each type of ionizing radiation has a different penetrating power. 1 18

20 REVIEW QUESTION What are the four types of ionizing radiation? Describe each briefly. 1 19

21 Health Hazards Vary Radiation Asphyxiation Chemical Toxic/Poisonous Corrosives (Continued) 1 20

22 Corrosives comprise the largest usage class in the industry. (Continued) 1 21

23 REVIEW QUESTION The likelihood and severity of an adverse health effect resulting from a chemical exposure are dependent upon which factors? What is the difference between an acid and a base? 1 22

24 Health Hazards Vary Irritants Convulsants Carcinogens Sensitizers/Allergens Etiological/Biological Mechanical 1 23

25 Courtesy of CDC Public Health Image Library Microorganisms that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness. Virus Courtesy of CDC Public Health Image Library Bacteria Ricin 1 24

26 Courtesy of U.S. Department of Defense, photo by Ken Drylle, civilian Explosions present specific hazards. Click for next slide 1 25

27 REVIEW QUESTION Describe the different types of etiological hazards. What four hazards can be caused by an explosion? 1 26

28 Learning Objective 4 Explain each of the routes of entry. 1 27

29 One route of entry is through inhalation. 1 28

30 DISCUSSION QUESTION What types of hazardous products may be inhaled into the body? 1 29

31 A second route of entry is through ingestion. 1 30

32 A third route of entry is through skin contact. 1 31

33 REVIEW QUESTION What are the three main routes of entry as defined by the CDC? Why is it important to know these? 1 32

34 Learning Objective 5 Describe the U.S., Canadian, and Mexican hazardous materials regulations and definitions. 1 33

35 United States Haz-Mat Regulations Department of Transportation (DOT) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) (Continued) 1 34

36 United States Haz-Mat Regulations Environmental Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Department of Labor (DOL) (Continued) 1 35

37 DISCUSSION QUESTION What is a process? 1 36

38 United States Haz-Mat Regulations Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Department of Energy (DOE) (Continued) 1 37

39 United States Haz-Mat Regulations Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB), Department of Defense (DoD) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), Department of Treasury Department of Justice (DOJ) 1 38

40 DISCUSSION QUESTION What are dangerous goods? 1 39

41 Canadian Regulations and Definitions Transport Canada (TC) Environment Canada Health Canada Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) 1 40

42 Mexican Regulations and Definitions Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT) Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPS) 1 41

43 REVIEW QUESTION What are the main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico? 1 42

44 Learning Objective 6 Discuss hazardous materials incident statistics. 1 43

45 Hazardous materials incidents trends can be measured. Click for next slide 1 44

46 DISCUSSION QUESTION Which mode of transportation is MOST likely to have a haz mat transportation incident? 1 45

47 Summary First responders must understand their roles and limitations at haz mat emergencies. Numerous government agencies and government regulations play important roles in how hazardous materials are manufactured, used, transported, and disposed of. (Continued) 1 46

48 Summary Haz mat incidents typically involve certain types of materials, but first responders must be prepared to deal with any emergencies. 1 47