Bob Pears 1 Head of General Section.J.N. Govt. Polytechnic,Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Transcription

1 Available online at pp. 136~143 Thomson Reuters ID: L THE PATHETIC CONDITION OF HUSSAIN SAGAR LAKE INCREASING OF WATER POLLUTION AFTER IMMERSION OF GANESH-IDOLS IN THE YEAR-2016, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA, INDIA Bob Pears 1 Head of General Section.J.N. Govt. Polytechnic,Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Prof. M. Chandra Sekhar 2. Registrar, NIT, Warangal, Telangana,India. Abstract: During the past few years grave concern is being voiced by people from different walks of life over the deteriorating conditions of Hussain Sagar Lake. As a result of heavy anthropogenic pressures, the eco-systems of lake are not only strengthening in its surface becoming poor in quality, posing health hazards to the people living in around close proximity to the lake. Over the years the entire eco-system of Hussain Sagar Lake has changed. The water quality has deteriorated considerably during the last three decades. Over the years the lake has become pollution due to immersion of Ganesh Idols. Many undesirable changes in the structure of biological communities have resulted and some important species have either declined or completely disappeared. Keywords: Groundwater quality, PH, Turbidity,TDS, COD, BOD, DO, before immersing of idols, after immersing of idols. INTRODUCTION Hyderabad is the capital city of Telangana and the fifth largest city in India with a population of 4.07 million in 2010 is located in the Central Part of the Deccan Plateau. Hyderabad was founded by Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah in 1591 on the banks of Musi. Today the city covers an area of approximately 650 KM. The city has been classified as an A-1 city in terms of development priorities, due to its size, population and impact... Hussain Sagar is a lake in Hyderabad, built by Hazrat Hussain Shah Wali in 1562, during the rule of Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah. It was a lake of 24 square kilometers built on a tributary of the River Musi to meet the drinking water and irrigation needs of the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Hussain sagar lake is being polluted year by year due to Ganesh chaturthi festival and immersion of Ganesh idols at Hussain Sagar Lake. Annual immersion of Lord Ganesh idols after the 10 day Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations on Ananta Chaturdashi. Locally this event is called Ganesh Nimajjanam(immersion). That is immersion of Ganesh idols during the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi in to the Hussainsagar tank. While the Municipal authorities and police estimated that 13,000 idols are immersed in Hussainsagar, the Bhagyanagar Ganesh Utsav Samithi put the figure at 50,

2 It is obvious that the surface waters of the Hussainsagar are polluted, but according to a study, the pollution extends to the depths of the historic lake, poisoning aquatic life and birds, also deep earth crust to the large extent over all the years. The immersion of Ganesh idols only makes a bad situation worse. STUDY AREA Hyderabad city located at 17o 26' 58'' of the Northern Longitude and 78 o 28' 34'' of the Eastern Longitude. Lake type : Artificial Max Depth : 32 ft Surface elevation : 1759ft Island : Surroundings : Hyderabad and secundrabad. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Samples of water were collect at various location of Hussain sagar Lake i.e Buddha statue, Lumbhini park, Necklace road. (Hyderabad), (Secundrabad), samples collected on two different dates ( and (Before Immersion of idols), and (after immersion of Idols) respectably. Physical, chemical water quality parameters such as PH, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, DO.BOD, COD, The assessment of water quality describe in slandered methods for the examination of water and waste water as per the standards of American Public health association [APHA]. The analytical results posted in Table1 & 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ph ph is the measure of the acidity of a solution of water. The ph scale commonly ranges from 0 to 14. The scale is not linear but rather it is logarithmic. For example, a solution with a ph of 6 is ten times more acidic than a solution with a ph of 7. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a ph of 7. Water with a ph below 7.0 is considered acidic while water with ph greater than 7.0 is considered basic or alkaline. In the present study the minimum value of PH was found in Hussain Sagar lake Hyderabad with a range from 7.4 to 7 9 before immersion 8.1 to 9 after immersion respectively. 137

3 Turbidity Turbidity is a measurement of the cloudiness of water, measured by passing a beam of light through the water and measuring photo metrically. Cloudiness is caused by material suspended in water. Clay, silt, organic matter, plankton and other microscopic organisms cause turbidity in natural water. This has been recognized as a valuable limiting factor in the biological productivity of the water bodies. In the present study the turbidity of samples was found with a range from 17 to 48 before immersion 33 to 72 after immersion respectively. Turbidity Total dissolved solid (TDS) Total dissolved solid (TDS) In natural water, dissolved solids are composed mainly of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, nitrates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and manganese etc. They originate from dissolution or weathering of the rocks and soil, including dissolution of lime, gypsum and other slowly dissolved soil minerals. In the present study the minimum value of total dissolved solids was found in Hussain Sager lake Hyderabad with a range from 652 to 820 before Immersion 711to1126 after immersion respectively. TDS DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.) Dissolved oxygen analysis measure the amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) dissolved in an aqueous solution. It is essential for respiration of fish and other aquatic organisms.a small amount of oxygen, up to about ten molecule of oxygen per million of water, is normally dissolved in water. In present study the dissolved oxygen found in Hussain Sager lake Hyderabad within the range of 8.5 to 5.2 before immersion 3 to 7.2 after Immersion respectively. 138

4 DO DO Level (in ppm) Water Quality Poor Some fish and macro invertebrate populations will begin to decline Fair Good Retest Water maybe artificially aerated. Biochemical oxygen demand The biochemical oxygen demand, abbreviated as BOD, is a test for measuring the amount of biodegradable organic material present in a sample of water. The results are expressed in term of mg/l of BOD which microorganisms, principally bacteria will consume while degrading these materials. As the measurement of BOD takes too long time (20 days at 20 0C), the determination of BOD after 5 days incubation is preferred (BOD), the highest BOD value 60 mg/l was recorded in Hussain Sager lake Hyderabad with a range from 45 to 13 before immersion 29 to 60 after immersion respectively. BOD 139

5 BOD Level (in ppm) 1 2 Water Quality Very Good There will not be much organic waste present in the water supply. 3 5 Fair: Moderately Clean 6 9 Poor: considerably Polluted Usually indicates presents of organic matter but decomposes this waste by bacteria. 100 or greater Very Poor: Very Polluted Contains organic waste. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Chemical oxygen demand is a rapid (2 H) test which measure the oxygen required for the oxidation of all the substance present in water, included those are not biologically decomposable. COD is a reliable parameter for judging the extent of pollution in water. The COD of water increases with increasing concentration of organic matter. Chemical oxygen demand value recorded, in Hussain Sager Hyderabad with a range from 29 to 242 before immersion 40 to 289 after immersion respectively. COD 140

6 CONCLUSION Experimental results shows that the all the physical, Chemical, biological parameters values are increased. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the lake (both measures to check the level of pollution in water) shot up dramatically after the festival. The fact remains that for years now the Hussain Sagar Lake has been a victim of the lust of land sharks and converted into a virtual garbage bin. Appeal to the Telangana Government and people of Hyderabad We are not against the rituals or traditions. We are just saying that immersion of these toxic idols can be dangerous. Instead of using the toxic idols people can use Ganesha made from the natural clay. The immersion of these clay Ganesh is much healthier to the environment. While committing such acts, people should give some thought to the well being of the future generations. We should adopt Bangalore system to develop the ponds exclusively immersions. Of Ganesh Icon, There are 40 such ponds in Bangalore. The height of idols in Bangalore is generally between one and eight feet. Use eco-friendly clay idols painted with natural colors. Use permanent idols made of stone and perform a symbolic immersion and reuse the idol each year. Avoid public water bodies to immerse the idols, Government should develop separate Tanks for immersion of the icons rather than in natural water bodies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors wish to acknowledge Thanks to Dr. M. Chandra Sheaker. Registrar, NIT, Warangal, India, K.Sarojini, My spouse, Bob Precious,and Bob Peniel my sons for their help and support while preparing this paper. 141

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