Participating today: More information about Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism at or

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1 Participating today: More information about Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism at or Climate Response Montenegro 1

2 Conference SEE Forum on Climate Change Adaptation Climate Change: Implications for EU pre-accession countries and role of civil society Zagreb 10th October 2

3 Content CC Institutional setup in MNE Climate characteristics of Montenegro Impacts of climate change Role of civil society in field of climate change Way forward r 3

4 Institutions dealing with Adaptation to Climate Change Climate change Key institutions in MNE: MSDT is UNFCCC/ Kyoto Protocol Focal Point Institute for hydrometeorology and seismology is IPCC Focal Point Institute for public health Environmental Protection Agency Ministry of Economy Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Transport and Maritime Affairs Participation in regional projects related to adapting to climate change: CCFAP-SEE, South East Forum on Climate Change Adaptation (Red Cross), Drought Management Centre for SEE, Adricosm, Orientgate, Climate change adaptation in the river Drin basin (GIZ), Building resilience to disasters in Western Balkans and Turkey (WMO, UNISDR) 4

5 Climate in Montenegro Crkvice The central and northern regions of Montenegro have certain characteristics of mountain climate, although the influence of the Mediterranean Seais also evident. The average annual air temperatures vary from approximately C in the south to C in the north- Zabljak. The duration of the sunny periods varies from 2,400 to 2,600 h/year on the coast, i.e. from 1,600-1,900 hours in the mountains. Annual precipitation is very uneven, ranging from approx 800 mm (north) to about 5,000 mm (south). On the slopes of Mount Orjen, at the village of Crkvice (940m above the sea level), precipitation may even reach 7,000mmin record years. The north part has continental climate characterized by large daily and annual temperature ranges, in addition to low annual precipitation. The southern part of Montenegro and the Zeta-Bjelopavlić plain have Mediterranean climate, with long, hot and dry summers and relatively mild, rainy winters. 5

6 Key documents Recently Montenegro prepared two documents which gave significant contribution to the analysis of the country s vulnerability and adaptation to climate change 6

7 Impact of climate change on water resources-inc Reduction of the quantity of precipitations and consequently reduction of the entire water balance; Change in the regime of precipitations with emphasized dry and rainy periods and consequently distinctive fluctuations of hydrological systems; Reduction of the quantity of snow precipitations and consequently reduced water potential for hydrological surface and underground systems; Reduced period of time under snow coverage; Increased evaporation and evapotranspiration which will have a huge destructive effect on water resources especially smaller hydrological systems in relatively warm regions. 7

8 Impact of climate change on costal zone-inc disturbance of natural balance reduction of the shore surface - some beaches will disappear; inflow of the river systems which flow into the sea will be disturbed and a big part of the space around rivers will be flooded and destroyed and practically lost, particularly where the sea shore is low, like Velika plaža; course of the river Bojana will be stopped much before, than it is the case today, which means that the whole part of that area, which is now practically on the same level with the river Bojana, will be flooded; high tide waves with cyclone depressions will break the facilities whose foundations are in the water, and at the present they constantly splashed by very small waves. Security of infrastructure, ports, breakwaters, marinas, shipyards and the like will be endangered, particularly their normal functioning; walls built at the ends of beaches or directly along the shore will be destroyed and in these areas water will come to the highest point and reach distances it has never reached before and strong erosive processes will occur; 8

9 Impact of climate change on costal zone-inc the sea water waves will make a strong pressure on water springs near the shore which are used for water supply and a big number of springs will be out of use because they will contain salty water; due to the micro-climate climate change and the impact of salty waters on soil depths, local agricultural production can suffer consequences; due to the micro-climate climate change in the coastal zone, conditions which will go in favor of plant pests will arise and greatly affect the process of agricultural production, and particularly olive production degradations of flora and fauna in the sea are possible, significant damages of the coral reefs, some migrations as the consequence of the rise of temperature and temperature amplitudes; due to huge quantities of precipitations in inland mountain areas, enormously big inflow of fresh water is expected in the waters of the Boka kotorska Bay and almost all that water reaches the sea through surface outflows or underground channels and occupies the upper layer of water. Due to the presence of fresh water in the colder part of the year when the temperatures are under zero degrees Celsius, regular process of frosting-icingicing of the sea will occur which will create enormous consequences for this resource. 9

10 Impact of climate change on agriculture -INC 10

11 Impact of climate change on BIODIVERSITY - INC shifting of vegetation zones in horizontal and vertical directions; shifts and alterations in areals of certain plant and animal species; disappearance of certain species; changes in qualitative composition of biocenosis fragmentation of habitats; and changes in the functioning of ecosystems. quantitative 11

12 Impact of climate change on HUMAN HEALTH - INC Changes and processes in an organism, which could lead to injuries, diseases and fatal outcome Increase, rapid development and multiplication of vectors transmitters of numerous diseases (mosquitoes, ticks) Higher frequency of illnesses due to deteriorated water supply and contaminated food resulting in diarrhoea, enter colitis, dysentery, salmonellosis, and hepatitis and others During humid and hot summer days, the population may suffer from heat cramps, heat related exhaustion, rarely thermal injuries Announced precipitation decrease may result in decline in available drinking water and food sources 12

13 Overflow of the river Tara 27November

14 Some of NGO s included in field dealing with Climate Change in Montenegro NGO OZON NGO Green home NGO Agency for Local Democracy NGO Mediterranean Center for Ecological Monitoring 14

15 Some activities taken so far leaded by NGO s November 10th Telenorhas organized a forum on Climate Change (TelenorClimate Change Forum) on "Climate change as part of corporate social responsibility", in the wine cellar Šipčanik. 15 December NGO Green Home organized a regional conference Implementation of the reforms on the road to the EU: How Montenegrocan cope with climate change aimed at drawing attention to the broader public to a sectors that are major causes of climate change and has presented ability to contribute to its mitigation through everyday activities. Conference consisted of three panel discussions: Energy efficiency and alternative energy sources to fight climate change Climate change and biodiversity Transport and Climate Change Participation inthe conference has taken about 50 participants representatives of relevant ministries, government institutions, private companies and non- governmental organizations(from Montenegro and the region). 15

16 September 22nd, 2012: Ecological movement Ozon "and the Agency for Environmental Protection, in the traditional event for children, Day of the Sun", held at the Delta City in Podgorica, staged a creative workshop, OzzyOzone Game "where kids and their parents had the opportunity to learn useful things about the ozone layer. This event has, once again, marked the International Day of Protection of the Ozone Layer and 25 years of the Montreal Protocol, the most successful international agreements in the area protect the environment, which is undoubtedly influenced to improve the state of the ozone layer. 16

17 Project: Regional Cooperation on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy - Green Homeand the Institute, for Open Society (Representative Office Montenegro) 5 d Green Home and Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat (Gothenburg, Sweden : 17

18 Project Climate Change: Role of Civil Society and Local Community ) The main objective of the project is to raise awareness of climate change issues among citizens, civil society and local governments, changing perceptions and understanding of the role of all stakeholders and ultimately stimulate specific actions to be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change. Specific objectives: Increase capacity and awareness of civil society on issues of adaptation / mitigation of climate change, the conclusions and obligations of Montenegro with the Copenhagen summit and the role that civil society can play in efforts to mitigate climate change. Presentation of good practices for adaptation / mitigation of climate change in order to encourage positive action by the local government. Increase public awareness on issues related to climate change in terms of the causes of action and mitigation / adaptation. 18

19 Southeast Europe Forum on Climate Change Adaptation NGO s included NGO OZON NGO Green home NGO Agency for Local Democracy NGO Juventas NGO CAZAS NGO Mediterranean Center for Ecological Monitoring NGO ECOM NGO European Movement Montenegro 19

20 Other institutions included... Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism Environmental Protection Agency Institute for Hidrometerology and Seizmology Institute for Public Health Regional Ecological Center Winsol Montenegrin Electric Enterprise Montenegrin Telecom Telenor d.o.o. University Mediteran University of Donja Gorica 20

21 Main facts The NGO's in Montenegro are taking many activities in field of dealing with climate change, mostly in cooperation with relevant Government institutions and international organizations. The main goal of NGO's work is raising awareness of impacts and consequences of climate change among public. These activities are being addressed at public meetings, sessions and conferences, to all interested members of local society. The role of NGO s in building adequate atmosphere which is regarded to the adaptation and mitigation to climate change is huge, specially having in mind fact coming activities related to the pre-accession negotiations with EU. 21

22 But... Concrete steps are still missing from NGO s, in terms of providing expertise. What is actualy deeply needed are expert assistance Constructive critics are welcome Better cooperation beetwen NGO sector and Government in field which is relatively new and needs more efforts in way forward... 22

23 Thank you for your kind attention! 23