A Study on Environmental Impact Assessment through the Analysis of Input Materials of School Building

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1 , pp A Study on Environmental Impact Assessment through the Analysis of Input Materials of School Building Kyun-Hyong Cho 1, Hung-Chan Jeon 2, Doo-Sung Choi 3 1 Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Suwon University 17, Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18323, KOREA khcho@suwon.ac.kr 2 Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Suwon University 17, Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18323, KOREA Corresponding Author : chun4575@nate.com 3 Dept. of Building Equipment&Fire Protection System, Chungwoon University 113, Sukgol-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22100, KOREA trebelle@chungwoon.ac.kr Abstract. This study assessed the environmental impact through the embodied energy analysis of input materials targeting school buildings in Korea utilizing the precedent research. As a result of the research, the environmental impact of analysis objects was found to be 4.11E-02PE yr/ m2, among which architectural work was found to account for about 87%. Also, as a result of the analysis of the detail environmental impact, the impact on global warming was found to be the highest, accounting for about 76% of the whole. Keywords: School Building, Input Materials, Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment. 1 Introduction In recent architectural industry, there have been brisk research activities in a bid to fluidly cope with environment by grasping the impact a building on global environment in advance. However, most of the researches focus on apartment housing as a residential building, or a large office building, so it is situation that also needs the research on the buildings besides aforementioned ones. Hereupon, this study is intending to quantitatively assess the environmental impact through the analysis of input materials targeting a school building This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF ) ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2016 SERSC

2 2 Research Range & Method This study assessed the environment impact using embodied energy of building materials. For embodied energy calculation, this study made use of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) technique using Input-Output Analysis. Also, this study selected a newly-constructed elementary school located in Korea as an analysis object, and carried out the analysis of a construction statement of the object. The research method is as follows: First, it includes the grasp of detailed construction by work classification through the analysis of a construction statement Second, it includes implementation of industrial classification using basic industries 403 sector specified in Input-Output Table(2008)[1] targeting the input materials by detailed construction. Third, it includes calculation embodied energy for input materials by detailed construction using Input-Output Analysis. Fourth, it includes the environmental impact consequent on embodied energy utilizing LCIA DB [2] by the already-researched LCIA DB by environmental load 3 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology 3.1 Input-Output Analysis An Input-Output Table is an overall statistical table recording all transactions taking places in the process of production and disposition within national economy in matrix form according to certain principles and forms for a certain period of time, and in case of Korea, it is prepared by Bank of Korea by the year. The following Figure 1 shows the composition of an Input-Output Table. Here, the length direction indicates the composition of production cost spent to produce goods and services by individual industrial sectors, i.e. input structure while the width direction indicates the distribution structure showing how many products of each production sector were sold to what sector in the form of intermediate demand, or final demand. Copyright 2016 SERSC 61

3 Fig. 1. Basic Composition of Input-Output Table The Input-Output Analysis is the one which makes it possible to indirectly estimate the input & output quantity into the system area in a far-reaching range using such an Input-Output Table. This Analysis has a strength in that it is advantageous to an extensive analysis system area, and also advantageous in its application to the industrial field showing a complicated input & output structure into the system, whereas it has a demerit in that the item excluded from an Input-Output Table is impossible to assess, or needs to be interpreted through its inference as, or integration into a similar item. This study used production inducement coefficients (I-A) -1 of an Input-Output Table. 3.2 LCA Technique LCA is a method for preparing a list on all related inputs and outputs throughout the whole life-cycle of a product, and to assess an potential environmental impact associated with them, being based on the International Standard ISO series [3]. This study assessed the environmental impact of embodied energy using Impact Assessment by Environmental Load DB [2] which was carried out as a precedent research. 4 Environmental Impact Assessment Result The analysis object is OO Elementary School built in 2012, which is composed of the reinforced concrete/steel frame on gross area of 12,190 m2, with one basement level and five above the ground. 62 Copyright 2016 SERSC

4 The result of the analysis of the construction statement of the school building showed that about 1,400 sorts of materials were put in the school building, and that detailed works on the school building encompassed a total of 5 work classifications, and 37 sorts of detail works including 16 sorts besides temporary work in case architectural work classification, 6 sorts besides gas piping work in case of mechanical work classification, 6 sorts besides structure work in case of civil construction, 2 sorts besides electrical work in case of electric communication work, and 2 sorts besides facility work in case of landscaping work. The following Table 1 shows input cost & environmental impact by work classification. Table 1. Calculation Result of Input Cost & Environmental Impact by Work Classification Category Construction Mechanical Civil Electrical& communication Landscaping Total Input cost (won/ m2 ) 296,985 (77.7%) 26,432 (6.9%) 18,429 (4.8%) 17,974 (4.7%) 22,173 (5.8%) 381,993 Environmental Impact (PE yr/ m2 ) 3.59E-02 (87.4%) 1.94E-03 (4.7%) 1.61E-03 (3.9%) 7.56E-04 (1.8%) 8.78E-04 (2.1%) 4.11E-02 Total cost of input materials per unit area(/ m2 )in an elementary school was found to be 381,993won, and environmental impact was analyzed to be 4.11E-02PE yr. Architectural work among the total cost of input materials was found to be 296,985 won, accounting for the highest level-about 78%, followed by the order of mechanical work, landscaping work, civil construction, and electric& communication work. In case of environmental impact. architectural work was analyzed to account for the highest level-87.4%, followed by the order of mechanical work, civil construction, landscaping work and electric & communication work. As a result of comparing the environmental impact per unit area(/ m2 )between apartment housing and a residential-commercial building, which was the research carried out in the past[4] [5], and in case of the architectural work classification, the environmental impact was found to be higher than a residential-commercial building(3.20e-02pe yr) by about 12%, and to be higher than apartment housing(2.62e- 02PE yr) by about 37%. The following Figure 2 indicates the detailed environmental impact assessment by work classification. Copyright 2016 SERSC 63

5 Fig. 2. Detailed Environment Impact Assessment Result by Work Classification As a result of detailed environment assessment, the impact on global warming was found to be the highest level-accounting for 76.37% of the whole environmental impact, followed by the order acidification(20.00%), photochemistry oxide generation(2.11%), eutrophication(1.19%), human toxicity(0.30%), and inanimate resource depletion(0.03%). 5 Conclusions This study assessed the environmental impact quantitatively through the material production phase for a school building in Korea, i.e. the analysis of embodied energy of input materials, and the major results of this study are as follows: 1) As a result of carrying out the construction statement analysis of an elementary school in Korea, which was newly built in 2012, this study confirmed detailed works of 5 work classifications and 37 sorts of detailed works, and input materials were analyzed to be about 1,400 sorts(2.62e-02pe yr)(2.62e-02pe yr). 2) As a result of environmental impact by work classification, the environment impact per unit area(/ m2 ) of the building for analysis object was found to be 4.11E- 02PE yr, among which architectural work was analyzed to account for about 87% of the whole environment impact. A a result of comparing the environmental impact per unit area(/ m2 ) between apartment housing and a residential-commercial building, in case of architectural work classification, the environment impact was found to be higher than a residential-commercial building(3.20e-02pe yr) by about 12%, and found to be higher than apartment housing(2.62e-02pe yr) by about 37%. References 1. The Bank of Korea : 2010 Input-Output Tables, The Bank of Korea (2014) 64 Copyright 2016 SERSC

6 2. Ko, M.J., Jeon, H.C., Cho, K.H., An, J.H., Choi, D.S.: A Trend analysis on the Environmental Impact of Construction Industry in Korea, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol.9, No.24, pp (2014) 3. ISO: ISO14040 Environmental management - Life Cycle Assessment principles and frame ISO (2006) 4. Choi, Y.C., Jeon, H.C., Cho, K.H. : An Analysis of the Characteristics of the Environmental Impact of Residential Facilities in Korea, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol.10, No.10, pp (2015) 5. Choi, D.S., Jeon, H.C., Cho, K,H. : Study on Environmental Impact through Analysis of Materials Used for Apartment Complex, journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Vol.30, No.9, pp (2014) Copyright 2016 SERSC 65