Food monitoring system using 15.36MHz and 900MHz Smart RFID tag

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1 , pp Food monitoring system using 15.36MHz and 900MHz Smart RFID tag Kyo Hwan Hyun 1, Chang Won Lee 1, Joo Woong Kim 2 and Ki Hwan Eom 1, 1 Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Computer Electronics, Seoil University, Seoul, Korea kihwanum@dongguk.edu Abstract. Ensuring that high-quality foods are delivered to consumers with no degradation in quality is very important. Managers and consumers need to check that food at the end of the distribution process is safe and of high quality. This paper proposed the smart RFID tag uses 13.56MHz and 900MHz frequency. Smart RFID tag can meet the individual need of customers also can be used during the distribution of foods. Consumers can check food quality by smart device which is using NFC with 13.56MHz frequency. During the distribution process can be monitored by manager which is using 900MHz frequency. Proposed system consists of dual frequency RFID tag, multi-sensor, reader, and server. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, milk quality was monitored in real time according to environmental changes. We measured ph, temperature and humidity, and analyzed the factors affecting the freshness of milk. Keywords: Food monitoring system, Dual frequency RFID Tag, Smart RFID system, ph sensor. 1 Introduction People live in 21 century pay more attention for food safety and quality than the price because of the improvement of living standard. Freshness is a main index when customers want to purchase food. Therefore ensuring that high-quality foods are delivered to consumers with no degradation in quality is very important. Food makers are marking the expiry date of the food. However, the quality of the food also depends on the temperature it is stored at the distribution. So managers and consumers need to checking that food safety and quality at the distribution process [1]. In this paper propose the food monitoring system that managers and consumers can check the freshness of food. Proposed system uses the dual frequency smart RFID tag with 13.56MHz and 900MHz. In general, during the distribution process can be monitored by manager which is using 900MHz frequency. But consumers using a 900MHz RIFD cannot check the freshness of food. This is because most consumers do not have a RFID reader with 900MHz frequency. In recent years, many people ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2014 SERSC

already use the smart device. And the user may continue to increase. Therefore consumers can check food quality by smart device which is using NFC with 13.56MHz frequency.

2 already use the smart device. And the user may continue to increase. Therefore consumers can check food quality by smart device which is using NFC with 13.56MHz frequency. Proposed system consists of dual frequency RFID tag, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ph sensor, reader, and server. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we were monitoring the freshness of milk by the environmental. Milk is a food that many people consume at all times. Also, it is susceptible to storage condition. We measured temperature, humidity and the ph of milk, and analyzed the factors affecting the freshness of milk. By comparing temperature, humidity, and ph of milk, we get the relation between freshness of milk and sensor signal. 2 The proposed food monitoring system 2.1 System overview Smart RFID tag can meet the individual need of customers also can be used during the distribution of foods. Consumers can check food quality by smart device which is using NFC with 13.56MHz frequency. During the distribution process can be monitored by manager which is using 900MHz frequency. Figure 1 is the system overview. Fig. 1. System overview. Copyright 2014 SERSC 137

3 2.2 Dual frequency RFID Tag The dual frequency smart RFID tag uses 13.56MHz and 900MHz frequency. Proposed tag is composed of 900MHz antenna, 13.56MHz antenna, RF front-end, Power management, Dual frequency demodulation, dual frequency modulation, Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor, ph sensor and MCU. RF front-end took impedance matching using the variable capacitor. Power management supplies DC power that is changed RF energy through step five doubling circuit [2-3]. Dual frequency demodulation changes digital signal through comparing the length of incoming signal of the 13.56MHz antenna and 900MHz antenna. Dual frequency modulation is that digital signal sends on reader. Sensor tag is semi-passive type tag that can operate power of RF signal. The Block diagram of the dual frequency smart RFID tag is shown in Figure 2. Fig. 2. Block diagram of the dual frequency smart RFID tag. 2.3 Sensors We used the three types of sensors. Each sensor is a temperature, humidity, ph sensors. The temperature sensor of the proposed system used LM35DZ. The characteristics of the temperature sensor are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Characteristics of temperature sensor. Supply Voltage 4 to 30V Sensing range 0 to 150 C Accuracy ±9 C 138 Copyright 2014 SERSC

4 The humidity sensor of the proposed system used MM1001. This sensor responds fast and accurate. Figure 3 shows the typical performance diagram of MM1001. Table 2 shows the characteristics of humidity sensor. Fig. 3. Typical performance diagram of humidity sensor. Table 2. Characteristics of humidity sensor. Supply Voltage 4 to 5.5V Sensing range 20 to 95% RH Accuracy ±9% RH Response time 10s (average) The ph sensor is used MSFET 3330 Integrated Sensor. It has a structure similar to a MOSFET. Because operation of sensor responds to the H+ ions (solution exists) and an insulating layer (Ta2O5) surface, the electrochemical potential difference occurs [4-5]. In this regard the potential difference is a function of the ion concentration, ISFET channel conductance can change. Therefore, the ion concentration in the solution appears as a change in the current flowing in the drain. PH sensor includes a temperature sensor that is necessary for temperature compensation. Figure 4 shows the typical performance diagram of MM1001. And table 3 shows the characteristics of ph sensor. Copyright 2014 SERSC 139

Fig. 4. Typical performance diagram of ph sensor. Table 3. Characteristics of ph sensor. Sensitivity 55mV/pH Sensing range ph 1 to ph 12 Accuracy ±0.05 ph Response time 10s 2.

5 Fig. 4. Typical performance diagram of ph sensor. Table 3. Characteristics of ph sensor. Sensitivity 55mV/pH Sensing range ph 1 to ph 12 Accuracy ±0.05 ph Response time 10s 2.4 RFID Reader The 900MHz RFID reader is speedway revolution UHF RFID reader by Impinj [6]. This reader can read and write RFID tags by 10cm ~ 10m. Table 4 is the specification of reader. Table 4. Specification of 900MHz RFID reader. Interface Protocol RF Frequency RF Range Transmit Power UHF EPC GEN2 900Mhz ~ 950Mhz 10cm ~ 10m 10 ~ 30 dbm The 13.56MHz RFID reader is used Proxima RF Desktop. This reader can read and write RFID tags by 5mm ~ 125mm. Table 5 is the specification of reader. Table 5. Specification of 13.56MHz RFID reader. RF Frequency 900Mhz ~ 950Mhz 140 Copyright 2014 SERSC

RF Range RF data rate 5mm ~ 125mm 36kbps (ISO15693) 3 Experiment In this paper, the proposed system would experiment with using milk. The freshness of milk can be confirmed through ph.

6 RF Range RF data rate 5mm ~ 125mm 36kbps (ISO15693) 3 Experiment In this paper, the proposed system would experiment with using milk. The freshness of milk can be confirmed through ph. Experiment temperature is 4 C, 13 C and 22 C. The experimental environment is shown in Figure 5. Fig. 5. Typical performance diagram of ph sensor. Table 6 is experiment result. ph of fresh milk is 6.5 to 6.9. And spoiled milk is fewer than 6.5. We obtained the model equations based on the experimental results. Table 6. Experiment result. Days ph at 4 C ph at 13 C ph at 22 C Equation (1), (2) and (3) are the model equation of milk at 4 C, 13 C and 22 C. y = e t. (1) y = e t. (2) y = e t. (3) Copyright 2014 SERSC 141

7 Figure 6 is display program of food monitoring system. Fig. 6. Display program of food monitoring system. 4 Conclusion In this paper, we proposed the food monitoring system that managers and consumers can check the freshness of food. Proposed system consists of temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ph sensor, reader, server and dual frequency smart RFID tag with 1.56MHz and 900MHz. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we were monitoring the freshness of milk by the environmental. The freshness of milk can be confirmed through ph at 4 C, 13 C and 22 C. ph of fresh milk is 6.5 to 6.9. And spoiled milk is fewer than 6.5. We obtained the model equations based on the experimental results. Acknowledgments. This research was supported by the Agriculture Research Center (ARC, ) program of the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Korea. References 1. Wu, W.J., Fang, X.S., Cai, Q., Wang, Y,C., Zhang, Y.J., Zhang, Y.M., Liu, R., Chen, L.J.: Rapid Classification of Pork Freshness Using Gas Sensor Array and PCA Mehod. In: Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, vol. 23, no.11, pp (2010) 2. Ahson, S., lyas, M.: RFID Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group (2008) 142 Copyright 2014 SERSC

8 3. Sample, A.P., Yeager, D.J., Powledge, P.S., Mamishev, A.V., Smith, J.R.: Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform. In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 57, no. 11, pp (2008) 4. Richman, p.: MOS field-effect transistors and integrated circuit, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1973) 5. Bergveld, P., DeRooij, N, F., Zemel, J, N.: Physical mechanisms for chemically sensitive semiconductor devices. In:Nature, vol. 273, No. 8, pp (1978) 6. Food monitoring system using 15.36MHz and 900MHz Smart RFID tag/speedway_revolution_uhf_rfid_reader.aspx Copyright 2014 SERSC 143

The Design of Smart RFID Tag System for Food Poisoning Index Monitoring

The Design of Smart RFID Tag System for Food Poisoning Index Monitoring Chang Won Lee 1.1, Nghia Truong Van 1, Kyung Kwon Jung 2, Joo Woong Kim 1, Woo Seung Choi 3, Ki-Hwan Eom 1 1 Department of Electronics