CRADE-TO-CRADE: TAKE-BACK FOR CLOSING THE LOOP. To recycle or not to recycle? Philips Lighting, WEEE Management Team, Eindhoven, The Netherlands 2
|
|
- Gertrude Randall
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CRADE-TO-CRADE: TAKE-BACK FOR CLOSING THE LOOP To recycle or not to recycle? Dr. Thomas Marinelli 1, Ir. Maarten ten Houten 2, and Dr. Ir. Jaco Huisman 3 1 Philips Lighting, WEEE Management Team, Eindhoven, The Netherlands 2 Philips Lighting, Sustainability Support Team, Eindhoven, The Netherlands 3 Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands * Corresponding Author, thomas.marinelli@philips.com, Abstract At Philips Electronics an EcoDesign approach has been developed and integrated in the product creation process for years. In this eco-efficiency strategy, improvements in energy consumption, use of chemical substances, product weight, packaging and recycling are balanced to determine the total environmental impact in the product entire life cycle. The authors of the Cradle-to-Cradle concept come forward with a concept called ecoeffectiveness for the production and consumption of goods and services. They contend it goes beyond the reduction of negative consequences implied in eco-efficiency and zero emission. In this paper the Cradle-to-Cradle and Philips EcoDesign approach will be introduced, compared on similarities and differences, and discussed. 1 Introduction Currently the Cradle to Cradle concept (C2C) of Braungart and McDonough is worldwide catching attention as the next leading principle. Within Philips we adopted this concept as additional and complementary to our EcoDesign approach where several projects are running. C2C has led to increase creativity and out of the box thinking on product functionality, quality and price. It also creates a framework for communication and an incentive to a more integral approach to ecodesign in general. However, embracing this concept has also lead to discovering the limitations on applicability to electronic products as well. Examples described in the book Remaking the Way We Make Things [1] are relative simple, like t-shirts and chairs compared to the 3000 components used in TVs and the amount of different materials. In this paper we would like to share fundamental considerations regarding the EcoDesign and the C2C concept. Thermodynamics, keeping materials in the loop and interconnections of material production & recycling flows show a different reality than has up to now been considered: biological materials are not similar to minerals or metals and both are not similar to electronic components. Is there really a technical metabolism? Product design also has fundamental challenges that are not solved by the C2C. Which aspect has a major contribution to the overall environmental impact of a product: energy consumption vs material load vs. toxicity? 2 Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) Approach In their book Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things (2002) William McDonough and Michael Braungart [1] describe a new vision on sustainable designing. In 1987 the Brundtland committee defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs [4]. The objective of the C2C vision goes beyond; fulfil our own needs and provide future generations with more possibilities: Try to be good instead of less bad. Eco-effectiveness and C2C design is presented as an alternative design and production concept to the strategies of zero emission and eco-efficiency [2,3]. The current eco-efficiency strategies for sustainable product development focus on decreasing the overall impact on the environment. The product is assumed to be a one-way chain from creation (design, extraction of raw materials and production), usage (consumption of energy and other consumables) to disposal (re-use and/or disposal). The improvement of the product results from choosing cleaner raw materials (im-
2 proved recycled content or greener alternative), increases the efficiency of the product (using less), minimizing the volume, velocity and toxicity of the material flow and optimizing the recyclability. McDonough and Braungart describe the core of the eco-efficiency concept as to get more from less, or more product and service value with less waste, less resource use or less toxicity. The corresponding strategies would start with an assumption of the linear, cradle-to-grave flow of material through industrial systems. This system of production and consumption inevitably transforms resources into waste and the earth into a graveyard. In contrast to this, the cradle-to-cradle philosophy emphasizes strategies that all used materials after the life of a product, retain their status as productive resource and can be efficiently applied in another product, divided in the biological nutrient and technical nutrients. Even the application of toxic materials could be acceptable as long as it takes place in the context of a closed system of material flows and the quality of the material is maintained (technical nutrient). McDonough and Braungart base their ecoeffectiveness and cradle-to-cradle design model on the successful interdependence and regenerative productivity of natural systems [3]. It consists of a set of strategies for generating healthy closed loop material flow metabolisms where all outputs from one process become inputs for another. The concept of waste does not exist. The example of the growth and release of thousands of cherry blossoms to create the new generation of cherry trees is used to demonstrate the overall effectiveness of a natural system. This philosophy is then extended to eco-effective industrial systems, which will be perfectly effective (without waste production) as long as materials entering industrial systems are maintained at the original status. Efficiency and effectiveness might be complementary, in case slimming down of material flows per product or service unit (eco-efficiency) is aimed for after closing the material flows (eco-effectiveness) has been achieved. To integrate cradle-to-cradle design in business processes McDonough and Braungart developed a stepwise strategy for transitioning from eco-efficiency to eco-effectiveness on the level of product design: 1. Free of : it starts with eliminating undesirable, dangerous substances; 2. Personal preferences: make educated choices about the substances that should be included in the product; 3. The passive positive list: A systematic assessment of each ingredient (material or chemical) in a product on their toxicological and eco- toxicological characteristics leads to the creation of a passive positive list; 4. The active positive list: After the knowledge of how far each ingredient needs to be optimized (passive positive) is established, the optimization to the full degree needs to be implemented. Here each ingredient in the product is positively defined as a biological or technical nutrient; 5. Reinvention: the final step involves the relationship of the product with the customer. The concept is about the service a product provides rather than the ownership of the product and the materials it contains. Indicated benefits would include i) better control over potentially hazardous substances in products, ii) product return at the end of its useful life, iii) increased interest to produce the best possible product able to provide the service as long as possible, and iv) the producer regains valuable, high quality materials. The result would be higher quality and less expensive products. McDonough and Braungart propose fundamental shifts to eco-effective industrial systems in order to realize cradle-to-cradle metabolisms. They describe a couple of prerequisites, called: Eco-effective nutrient management, including the effective coordination of material flows and the establishment of new forms of supportive information and finance flow networks throughout the product life cycle; Intelligent materials pooling, where a materials bank maintains ownership of technical nutrient chemicals and materials. As explained in Figure 1 the bank leases to companies, who make products providing them to consumers in the form of a service scheme. The materials return to the bank after a defined use period. Manufacturer Commercial Distributors End User Material Recovery & Recycling Material Formulation Substance Material Bank Additives Figure 1: Material flows in the Intelligent Materials Pooling P 1 P 2 P 3
3 3 Philips EcoDesign Approach Over more than 15 years of experience in EcoDesign has given us insight in what works and what doesn t work when improving product concepts. One of the most important learning s worth sharing, EcoDesign is a process where you have to pass through different learning steps before you can you are up to speed, (you need to learn to crawl and walk before you can run). Working on EcoDesign by just teaching designers, performing LCA s will not lead to the significant enough product changes. EcoDesign requires an integral approach where nearly all company disciplines play a role: Research & Development, Purchasing, Product Planning & Management as well as Marketing have their own distinct role in this multi-disciplinary process. In EcoDesign 4 main activities can be distinguished: Benchmarking and Knowledge development Vision and Strategy development Tools, and Performance measurement. The approach of these activities has to be specific and understandable for all layers of the organization. First of all the most important environmental aspects of the product (group) over the entire product life cycle has to be determined. Philips uses the Lifecycle approach to determine a product s overall environmental improvement. One or more of our Green Focal Areas (see Figure 2) must be significantly better, resulting in a lower total environmental impact. We review the total impact of a product on the environment in every stage of its lifecycle e.g. raw materials, production, transport, consumer use and end-of-life. This process avoids simply shifting burdens between different stages, for example reducing weight while increasing energy consumption. The strategy is supported by thorough scientific research and public data, as well as many details from in-house Philips processes. This is quantified in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) scores such as Eco Indicator 99 and specific LCA databases for Philips components. There are different tools to investigate the environmental impact of a product; of which Life Cycle Assessment is one of the most comprehensive and thorough methods. Depending on the type of product and the objectives quicker benchmark methods are available. However, a holistic approach (life cycle thinking) is essential to avoid sub-optimizing and it helps finding environmental priorities. LCA reproduces improvement points of the products under investigation often in quantities, which most people do not understand, like the Eco Indicator 99 method. A relevant frame of reference to understand the meaning of 1 mpt (unit of the Eco Indicator) is missing for most business people. Therefore LCA is translated in six Green Focal Areas (GFA s), Figure 2. Since most of Philips products use electricity, energy efficiency is a critical focus point in our EcoDesign approach. Energy consumption is a and many cases the dominant factor in the total environmental impact. Figure 2: Green Focal Areas of Philips The big advantage of the using GFA s is that they are: Easy to understand, and Expressed in measurable and known units (e.g. Kg, kwh/yr, Hours etc) The GFA s are much more tangible and can be used to determine actions, objectives, roadmaps and measurements. In benchmarking it s important to involve products of direct competitors and/or competing technologies next to the own product portfolio. The selected reference depends on the possibilities of comparing, sometimes competitors are either too expensive (in case of large medical systems), not yet on the market (in case of innovations) or too divers for a good comparison. A gap analysis indicates your strong and weak points in the field of environment. Based on the benchmark results a sustainability policy, mission and vision can be formulated, leading to an innovative strategy and EcoDesign product roadmaps. The developed EcoDesign processes in Philips are integrated in the normal company processes and should not be seen as separate processes or projects. Furthermore the targets from the roadmaps are integrated in the R&D and product development. In principle a target for each of the six GFA s is established and checked in the different milestones of the product creation process, so that if needed the product development can be corrected.
4 Last but not least experience taught us that different measuring systems are needed to steer the organization, including: Capability indicators to determine the EcoDesign level of businesses; Organizational indicators to determine the deployment and status within the organization; Result indicators, like successful EcoDesign projects, green sales, green products and awards. Green products need to be significantly better in one or more Green Focal Areas, resulting in a lower total environmental impact (using the Life Cycle approach). Green products are identified with the Green logo, Figure 3. As indicated in the C2C concept dismantling and regaining of materials has been an interest of Philips. Since the early nineties, Philips has been active in this field when it founded Mirec, an Eindhoven based recycling company nowadays belonging to the international recycling company SIMS Recycling Solutions. Recycling and disposal is still an important green focal area in the assessment of the environmental performance of Philips products. The similarities in the comparison of the approaches holds in the above described environmental aspects of avoiding hazardous substances and recycling and disposal. A fundamental difference exists in assessing all the environmental aspects having a distinct contribution to the total environmental impact of a product. Although material regain is important, research proofs that energy consumption is the main contributor in most of the consumer electronics. Philips holistic approach is essential to avoid simply shifting burdens between different stages. An improvement in material regain negatively influencing the energy consumption will not benefit an ecological balance. Figure 3: Philips Green Logo 4 Comparison between the C2C and Philips approach In both the C2C concept and the Philips EcoDesign approach avoidance of undesired substances and chemicals is an important integrated step in designing a product. While cradle-to-cradle is about the passive positive list as a vital systematic assessment of each ingredient or component, Philips has built and maintained a large database for classifying components and parts with respect to their environmental specifics for many years. Experience shows however that the detailed knowledge of each and every component is a tremendous exercise; on several levels progress has been made to limit the amount of work. Quite some know-how is only available after having used and experienced the environmental impact of a product or substance for years. This is demonstrated by the many discussions and extensions of restricted substances lists in environmental legislations like RoHS. In these discussions it becomes apparent that the scope and comparison are very relevant. Stating that X, Y or Z is bad depends on the alternative to which it is compared. Unfortunately in many cases more precise assessment is needed to determine if the product is an improvement of not. After understanding the negative impact one of the difficulties is tracing back the use and location of the substance in all the components purchased from a fast variety of suppliers. 5 Discussion An initiative like the Cradle-to-Cradle concept is very valuable and should not disappear from the public attention without being seriously considered. As highlighted in the media and in papers on different occasions global society has to adapt its consumption habits otherwise we will be confronted with a shortage in resources very soon. The speed of the global development with the current consumption pattern would demand a multiplication of the resources equal to 5 globs instead of the one we have. C2C has a very strong focus on extending the life and quality of material flows, contending that ecoefficiency and cradle-to-cradle design eliminates the fundamental problems of eco-efficiency strategies and ensure availability of raw materials for industrial processes. There is a significant limitation in this approach since it is more than questionable if ecoeffectiveness and C2C design solves, Availability of resources challenged by the current demand of developing economies, If lifetime extension is the preferred option. This holds only if the product environmental characteristics change a little bit with each new product generation. If product families/technologies are evolving quickly it could be more effective to change over to a new product sooner than later. This holds true for many products, like electronics, lighting but also for automobiles.
5 A strong reduction of the environmental impact caused during the entire life cycle of electronic or electrical products, Since energy consumption contributes roughly to 60- to-80% to the overall environmental impact of an electronic product, a focus on its energy efficiency is therefore vital. Arguments that alternative energy sources will take away the energy consumption issue are shortsighted; energy consumption has a local availability aspect and a strong link to the CO2 emission problem. A holistic approach balancing changes to the product design is necessary. When discussing the concept of eco-effectiveness ensuring material availability through the formation of continuous, cyclical material flow metabolisms, the following factors need to be considered: i) Ownership of the materials: C2C concept suggests a change from ownership of products to providing service. The proposed leasing model is an idea tested in several EU countries. Although this shift in ownership seems conceptually correct, the consumer acceptance was very limited; the dominating consumer mindset is still in favour of ownership and freedom of brand choice. Even for product services to B2B where more rational decision-making is done, many hurdles are still present; ii) The attitude of consumers towards returning products at the end of their useful life needs to change a lot before a closed cyclical C2C metabolism can be realized: The UNU WEEE Review study [5,6] showed for 2005 that only 40% of large, 25% of medium and 0% of small sized appliances are collected and treated. A 100% return rate is beyond any realistic expectation, there are always losses somewhere in the system; Studies like the one of GfK Benelux Services [7] and Witteveen+Bos [8] illustrate that the regain of materials start with the right return mentality. An immense quantity of goods remain in households and finally returned the goods (dis)appear mainly in unofficial, non-controlled channels; Appliances with a end-of-life value are particularly interesting for commercial trading (most of the time unofficial, non-controlled channels), as illustrated at the limited return of mobile phone <5% [9] and IT equipment; iii) Thermodynamics: With the QWERTY/EE concept the environmental efficiency of take-back and recycling operations can be quantified. Simply said it shows the thermodynamics of any recycling process. Figure 4: QWERTY values The concept shows that it is not possible to reclaim materials back in their original (primary) form without adding energy, separation steps and transport of recyclable materials. See Figure 4. More details can be found in [10,11]. Moreover, when one wants to regain materials, environmental losses cannot be avoided. When in terms of eco-effectiveness the same materials could also be applied in completely different applications with environmental benefits, then this always means downgrading in the case of plastics (compared to directly using virgin material) and energy needed to purify metals (again compared to using primary produced metals), let alone the losses due to non-collected materials. iv) The functionality of many components in electronic appliances depends on the right mix and layout of materials, which implicates that for a significant portion separation of different grades will be either very difficult or impossible [12]. 6 Concluding Remarks Eco-effectiveness and C2C design is an interesting concept that definitely contributes to a raising interest in sustainability aspect of product design. In focussing on cyclical material flow metabolisms only the approach however has a too limited scope and leaves out a couple of important realms of the practical world and thermodynamics: Although further optimizing of product disassembly and regaining valuable material is a must, energy consumption is the main contributor to the overall environmental impact during the entire lifecycle of an electronic appliance; A 100% collection and treatment of appliances is beyond any realistic expectation. Improving the current performance of 40% of large, 25% of
6 medium and 0% of small sized appliances is possible and necessary; The 2 nd law of thermodynamics learns us that materials cannot be regained for 100% The current momentum and public interest in sustainability approaches should be maintained in order to drive process changes and improve consumption attitudes. The Cradle-to-Cradle concept has raised the necessary attention of several stakeholders and should be encouraged so that further initiatives and concepts based on the right scientific and practical assumptions are promoted. 7 Literature [1] McDonough, W. and Braungart, M. 'Remaking the Way We Make Things', North Point Press, 2002; [2] McDonough, W. and Braungart, M. Design for the Triple Top Line: New Tools for Sustainable Commerce, Corporate Environmental Strategy, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2002; [3] Braungart, M., McDonough, W. and Bollinger, A.: Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions a strategy for eco-effective product and system design; ScienceDirect Journal of Cleaner Production 1-12, 2006; [4] Brundtland Report, 'Our Common Future', United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, A/42/427, 4 Aug 1987; [5] Huisman, J., Magalini, F. and Kuehr, R., Maurer, C., Ogilvie, S., Poll, J., C., Delgado, C., Artim, E., Szlezak, J., Stevels, A.,, 2008 Review of Directive 2002/96 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Final Report, For EC DG Environment, Contract No /2006/442493/ETU/G4 ENV.G.4/ETU/2006/0032, August 5, 2007; [6] Huisman, J., Magalini, F. and Kuehr, R., Great Potential to Improve Collection, Recycling of Europe s Electronic Waste, Says UN Report, Nov 2007; [7] GfK Panel Services Benelux: Report Bezit, afdanking en verkrijging van witgoed, bruingoed en grijsgoed (ownership, disposal and collection of white, brown and grey goods), Oct 2007; [8] Witteveen+Bos: Report Onderzoek naar complementaire afvalstromen voor e-waste in NL (Research of complementary e-waste streams in the Netherlands), Apr 2008; [9] Website of Nokia, [environment] / [we:recycle]; [10] Huisman, J. The QWERTY/EE concept: quantifying recyclability and eco-efficiency for end-oflife treatment of consumer electronic products. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology (347 pag.). Promotor: Prof.dr.ir. ALN Stevels. (TUD); [11] Huisman, J., Boks, C.B., Stevels, A.L.N. Quotes for environmentally weighted recyclability (QWERTY): concept of describing product recyclability in terms of environmental value. International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 41, No. 16, 2003, pp , Taylor & Francis Ltd., ISSN ; [12] IEC Publicly available specification, Electrotechnical products - Guideline for the sampling procedure for the determination of restricted substances, Aug 2008.
Introduction to the Cradle to Cradle Design SM Framework
Introduction to the Cradle to Cradle Design SM Framework Version 7.02 By McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry Introduction to the Cradle to Cradle Design SM Framework The world will not evolve past its
More informationMAKING CRADLE-TO-CRADLE WORK: FIRST STEPS FOR DUTCH INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES
Mieke (M.B.G.) Ketelaars, Deltares, Unit Strategy and Policy Arjan (A.A.M.) Venmans, Deltares, Unit Geo-Engineering MAKING CRADLE-TO-CRADLE WORK: FIRST STEPS FOR DUTCH INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES SUMMARY
More informationSustainable Product Strategies EXP-0020-F Syllabus Tuesday 6:30 PM 9:00 PM Fall 2010
Sustainable Product Strategies EXP-0020-F Syllabus Tuesday 6:30 PM 9:00 PM Fall 2010 Instructor: Gregory Morose gtmorose@comcast.net Course Description: The world economy annually produces more than $60
More informationSustainable Materials Management Bob Gedert, NRC President. Together, We Are Recycling!
Bob Gedert, NRC President Together, We Are Recycling! Definition Sustainable materials management (SMM) is a systemic approach toward using and reusing materials more productively over their entire lifecycles.
More informationThe Sustainability Issues Facing the ICT Sector. Student: Gearoid Ryan ID:
The Sustainability Issues Facing the ICT Sector Student: Gearoid Ryan ID: 10122613 Overview The aim of this paper is to present the sustainability issues currently facing the Information and Community
More informationThe transition to a circular economy therefore requires fundamental changes across the entire economy based on the following interdependent pillars:
WALKING THE CIRCLE the 4 guiding pillars for a Circular Economy: Efficient material management, reduction of toxic substances, energy efficiency and economic incentives The Circular Economy could bring
More informationTHE Quotes for environmentally WEighted RecyclabiliTY
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS PACKAGING MANUFACTURING, VOL. 29, NO. 2, APRIL 2006 83 Eco-Efficiency of Take-Back and Recycling, a Comprehensive Approach Jaco Huisman and Ab L. N. Stevels Abstract A
More informationRegional Environmental Centre for. Delft University of Technology (TUD) Stevels, Ab
Authors & Management Authors United Nations University (UNU) Huisman, Jaco (lead author) Magalini, Federico Kuehr, Ruediger Maurer, Claudia AEA Technology (AEA) Ogilvie, Steve Poll, Jim Gaiker Delgado,
More informationExisting and Future Avenues for Eco-Efficient E- scrap Recycling
Existing and Future Avenues for Eco-Efficient E- scrap Recycling Jaco Huisman Design for Sustainability Research Group, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
More informationWhat is ITIL 4. Contents
What is ITIL 4 Contents What is ITIL and why did ITIL need to evolve?... 1 Key Concepts of Service Management... 1 The Nature of Value... 2 How Value Creation Is Enabled Through Services... 2 Key Concepts
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION. Brussels, xx.xx.2015 ANNEX 1 ANNEX
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, xx.xx.2015 ANNEX 1 ANNEX to the COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION on a standardisation request to the European standardisation organisations pursuant to Article 10(1) of Regulation
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
EN EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, xxx COM(2010) yyy final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
More informationECO-DESIGN IN PRACTICE - CASE STUDY WITH COMPUTER MOUSE
INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CONFERENCE - DESIGN 2006 Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 15-18, 2006. ECO-DESIGN IN PRACTICE - CASE STUDY WITH COMPUTER MOUSE M.P. Stachura Keywords: eco-assessment, effectiveness, standards,
More informationUsability of Life Cycle Assessment for Cradle to Cradle purposes
Usability of Life Cycle Assessment for Cradle to Cradle purposes Position Paper December 2011 >> Focus on sustainability, innovation and international Executive summary Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a
More informationSustainable Product Development In Waste Collection Related Products
Sustainable Product Development In Waste Collection Related Products Sjef de Bruijn & Reinier den Boer, Environmental Solutions Europe Holding (ESEH), R&D Contact Sjef de Bruijn & Reinier den Boer Environmental
More informationPUre facts. Polyurethane a Life Cycle Assessment
PUre facts Polyurethane a Life Cycle Assessment What is Life Cycle Assessment? Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique used to assess, in the main, the environmental impacts relating to each stage in
More informationWilliam PRESENTATION 2017 WILLIAM McDONOUGH
William McDonough @billmcdonough www.mcdonough.com Luxembourg: The Circular Economy William McDonough June 20, 2017 Positively Defined Co-Creative Process Celebrating Diversity Long-Term Healthy Growth
More informationCHECKLIST TO SUPPORT SMES
CHECKLIST TO SUPPORT SMES INTRODUCTION SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) are increasingly aware of benefits which are related to Circular Economy (CiE) like closing material loops. However, implementing
More informationThe Execution Gap: Does Your Organization Have One?
The Execution Gap: Does Your Organization Have One? Prepared by: Karim H. Ismail, MBA Author of: Keep ANY Promise: a blueprint for designing your future Founder and CEO, BlueprintPal Inc. and Avidium Inc.
More informationIBM Software Rational. Five tips for improving the ROI of your software investments
IBM Software Rational Five tips for improving the ROI of your software investments 2 Five tips for improving the ROI of your software investments It s estimated that companies may waste billions of dollars
More informationThe Circular Economy Prof. Stefano Pascucci Sustainability and Circular Economy, University of Exeter Business School
The Circular Economy Prof. Stefano Pascucci Sustainability and Circular Economy, University of Exeter Business School 1Stefano Pascucci Industrialised bio-based systems (agricultural, fibre and food)
More informationSustainable Production and Consumption (SCP) Challenges and Solutions Rutgers Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
Sustainable Production and Consumption (SCP) Challenges and Solutions 2011 Rutgers Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation Sustainable Production and Consumption (SCP) Challenges and Solutions
More informationECODESIGN Toolbox for the Development of Green Product Concepts Applied examples from industry
ECODESIGN Toolbox for the Development of Green Product Concepts Applied examples from industry Huber Maria 1, Pamminger Rainer 1, Wimmer Wolfgang 2 1 Scientific Assistant ECODESIGN Research Group 2 Head
More informationInvestment Readiness answers 4 Key Questions to the Business Model. 2. Investment Readiness: am I ready to start?
2. Investment Readiness: am I ready to start? When you have started your social business and have managed to overcome the first months or years, you will eventually reach the point where it is obvious
More informationPVC Cables From A Life Cycle Perspective
PVC Cables From A Life Cycle Perspective Dr Jason Leadbitter Sustainability Manager, INEOS ChlorVinyls & Chairman of VinylPlus Controlled Loop Committee Contents Life Cycle Assessments of PVC Cables Regulatory
More informationzero waste principles
zero waste principles Zero waste means a 100% resource-efficient economy where, as in nature, material flows are cyclical and everything is reused or recycled harmlessly back into society or nature. Waste
More informationEnvironmental Supply-Chain Management versus Green Procurement in the Scope of a Business and Leadership Perspective
Environmental Supply-Chain Management versus Green Procurement in the Scope of a Business and Leadership Perspective M.H. Nagel* Delft University of Technology Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering,
More informationEnvironmental LIFE CYCLE Information for Products Used Every Day in Households
Environmental LIFE CYCLE Information for Products Used Every Day in Households INTRODUCTION The environmental performance of different product options is of growing importance to producers, retailers,
More informationGuidance document Life cycle assessment for the self-adhesive label
Guidance document Life cycle assessment for the self-adhesive label Prepared by Why is Life Cycle Assessment useful? Labels play a critical role in the communication and marketing of products. The growing
More informationDesign of Products with Recycled Plastics: Towards a Design Aid
NordDesign 2006 August 16 18, 2006 Reykjavik, Iceland Design of Products with Recycled Plastics: Towards a Design Aid Frank V. Melum Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Department of Engineering
More informationHK SQ Seminar Philips Environmental Strategies and Moving Beyond ISO 14001
HK SQ Seminar Philips Environmental Strategies and Moving Beyond ISO 14001 Stanedy Yue Environmental Program Manager BG Home Entertainment Networks Hong Kong / South China Philips Electronics HK Ltd. Jun
More informationRegenerative architecture: technological design for future
NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS «SUSTAINABILITY vs ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN» Regenerative architecture: technological design for future innovative materials and "cradle to cradle" approach Department
More informationTurning into a Resource Efficient and Competitive Europe
Public EC consultation on Circular Economy Turning into a Resource Efficient and Competitive Europe Key Messages: The European chemical industry considers the concept of a circular economy as a useful
More informationGood design must address these sustainability challenges (as relevant)
Sustainability by Design P.S.Narayan Vice President & Head - Sustainability 1 Good design must address these sustainability challenges (as relevant) Climate Change Biodiversity at Risk Runaway waste overshoot
More informationLIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR THE SELF-ADHESIVE LABEL
LINKING THE LABEL COMMUNITY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR THE SELF-ADHESIVE LABEL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT LINKING THE LABEL COMMUNITY Prepared for: Developed by: 2 WHY IS LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT USEFUL? Labels play
More informationA TWELVE-STAGE CRM PLANNING STRATEGY
3-02-71 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: STRATEGY, SYSTEMS, AND TECHNOLOGY A TWELVE-STAGE CRM PLANNING STRATEGY Duane E. Sharp INSIDE A Twelve-Stage CRM Strategy; Applying the CRM Strategy; Maximizing Individual
More informationEcodesign in a life cycle perspective Waste prevention of products a question of design and consumer patterns
Ecodesign in a life cycle perspective Waste prevention of products a question of design and consumer patterns Maria Huber, Corresponding Author huber@ecodesign.at Rainer Pamminger, Wolfgang Wimmer, Co-Author
More informationTHE CRADLE TO CRADLE CERTIFIED PRODUCTS PROGRAM MEASURING IMPACT OF CERTIFICATION
THE CRADLE TO CRADLE CERTIFIED PRODUCTS PROGRAM A new paradigm has emerged as a response to our linear model for make and waste. Dwindling natural resources, pollution and a waste build up, in addition
More informationCircular Procurement A New Mission Beyond Savings
Circular Procurement A New Mission Beyond Savings A report on supply chain agility in the age of disruption by Vishal Patel, Director of Solutions Marketing, Tradeshift PURPOSE In this report, we explore
More informationJaclyn Gault, Urban Studies Department
Jaclyn Gault, Urban Studies Department CRADLE TO CRADLE: REMAKING THE WAY WE MAKE THINGS By William McDonough & Michael Braungart North Point Press, 2002 Table of Contents Introduction: This Book Is Not
More informationSHOWCASING VENLO CITY HALL CRADLE TO CRADLE!
SHOWCASING VENLO CITY HALL CRADLE TO CRADLE! The municipality of Venlo has the ambition to have fully integrated the Cradle-to-Cradle philosophy in its operations by 2030. Designed by Kraaijvanger Architects,
More informationWORK ING AND LEARNING IN A WORLD CRADLE-TO-CRADLE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
WORK ING AND LEARNING IN A WORLD CRADLE-TO-CRADLE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION In Romania, the National Education Law has the vision to promote a values -oriented education,
More informationBuilding Successful Teams Marc Elpel, December 23, 2006
Building Successful Teams Marc Elpel, December 23, 2006 Team building is a broad field and as you have probably already noticed there are many resources available around the web for team exercises, individual
More informationCSR Conversation Learning from Model CSR Companies: Fujitsu s Global Approach to Social Responsibility
CSR Conversation Learning from Model CSR Companies: Fujitsu s Global Approach to Social Responsibility In June 2017, Sogo Fujisaki, Senior Director of the CSR Division at Fujitsu Limited, visited the head
More informationModeling Sustainability Maturity in Corporate Real Estate
Modeling Sustainability Maturity in Corporate Real Estate Rasita Masalskyte Department of Real Estate, Planning and Geoinformatics Aalto University School of Science and Technology Espoo, Finland Mia Andelin
More informationEmbracing Circular Economy to Drive Business Value Part II
Embracing Circular Economy to Drive Business Value Part II A Case Study Deep Dive Lise Lyngfelt Molander Amy Costello Speakers Lise Lyngfelt Molander Principal Consultant Circular Economy Director, Strategic
More informationApplication of the Cradle to Cradle paradigm to a housing unit in Switzerland: Findings from a prototype design
Application of the Cradle to Cradle paradigm to a housing unit in Switzerland: Findings from a prototype design SHADY ATTIA, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Performance-Integrated Design (LIPID), School
More informationCREATING VALUE FOR THE FUTURE ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE ENDEAVORS
CREATING VALUE FOR THE FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY@CLARIANT ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE ENDEAVORS Joachim Krüger Head of Corporate Sustainability & Regulatory Affairs Clariant 2 Sustainability as a
More informationGreen Engineering: Incorporating Sustainability Concepts into Engineering Education
Green Engineering: Incorporating Sustainability Concepts into Engineering Education David T. Allen Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712-1062 Introduction Environmental
More informationRESOURCE EFFICIENCY OBJECTIVES AND ISSUES FOR A GREEN ECONOMY
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY OBJECTIVES AND ISSUES FOR A GREEN ECONOMY Dumitru Florin FRONE 1, Simona FRONE 2 1 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvd, District 1,
More information1 Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment 1 Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment This section of the handbook introduces the concept of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Videos 2, 3 and 4 of the GaBi Paper Clip
More informationLife Cycle Assessment A Gentle Introduction
Life Cycle Assessment A Gentle Introduction Nicholas M. Holden Outline Life cycle thinking What is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)? Why use LCA? A brief history of LCA ISO family of LCA standards A quick run
More informationPRODUCT QUALITY CRADLE TO CRADLE CERTIFIED
REDEFINING PRODUCT QUALITY CRADLE TO CRADLE CERTIFIED CM GREAT DESIGN IS A CHOICE Traditionally, as designers set out to create a new product, they draft a list of essential questions about how the product
More informationEnhancement LCA of Palm Oil with Malaysian Formulated Indicators
Enhancement LCA of Palm Oil with Malaysian Formulated Indicators S. Yusoff, Onn C.C., Department of Civil, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. * Corresponding
More informationA circular economy in the Netherlands by Summary
A circular economy in the Netherlands by 2050 Summary Working together for a planet with a future Everything that we do as human beings relies on what our planet gives us. We use its raw materials for
More informationMeasuring Product Sustainability: A Literature Review
Proceedings of the 2016 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference H. Yang, Z. Kong, and MD Sarder, eds. Measuring Product Sustainability: A Literature Review Thu Trang Le, Jan Engel, and Gretchen
More informationCompact detergents can do it!
www.scienceinthebox.com Cutting Environmental Effect by half: Compact detergents can do it! Part I: The LCA Approach Read also the Compact detergents have done it! Part II: Risk Assessment Approach on
More informationA Guide to Successful ABC Solutions
WHITE PAPER Activity-Based Costing Implementation Issues A Guide to Successful ABC Solutions CONTENTS 2 Introductioin 4 Selecting Activity Drivers 6 Designing the Activity Dictionary 8 Choice of Modeling
More informationStEP Solving the E-Waste Problem
StEP Solving the E-Waste Problem Ruediger Kuehr United Nations University Cairo (Egypt), 09 Febr. 2009 E-Waste - A Significant Challenge (1) Volumes: Increasing sales of electronics, decreasing lifetimes
More informationAlliance TICS position. Option 1: Fixed mandatory collection target. Option 2 : I Variable mandatory collection target
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ON THE REVIEW OF DIRECTIVE 20002/96/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL ON THE WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) Alliance TICS is the French Trade Union
More informationINTRODUCTION TO BENEFITS REALIZATION MANAGEMENT
1 INTRODUCTION TO BENEFITS REALIZATION MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION This chapter presents an overview of the fundamental terminology of benefits realization management. In addition, it identifies the primary
More informationResource Efficiency. ResourceWise June Presentation by Karolina Fras, European Commission, DG Environment.
Extraction: 16 tons The Life-cycle Growing technosphere To physical stock: 10 tons Disposal: 6 tons Source Environment Sink Threats to ecosystem services! Resource Efficiency ResourceWise 2011 1 June 2011
More informationPromoting the Circular Economy in agriculture & agricultural machinery: the need for a smart, holistic approach to green products & processes
Promoting the Circular Economy in agriculture & agricultural machinery: the need for a smart, holistic approach to green products & processes CEMA s position on the European Commission s consultation on
More informationEuP and WEEE Directives
EuP and WEEE Directives Recent developments AEA, Brussels September 20th 2006 Shailendra Mudgal BIO IS shailendra.mudgal@biois.com Bio Intelligence Service Specialists in the measurement of products environment
More informationEERA s comments and proposals for the EU Plastics Strategy 2017
EERA s comments and proposals for the EU Plastics Strategy 2017 This document outlines the perspective of the E-Waste Recyclers regarding an EU Plastics Strategy and it contains clear proposals, ideas
More informationDeliverable 29 Life Cycle Flow Diagram (LCFD) for each alternative supply chain configuration considered - 19/07/2016 -
Deliverable 29 Life Cycle Flow Diagram (LCFD) for each alternative supply chain configuration considered - 19/07/2016 - Table of content 1 Introduction... 3 1.1 Project summary... 3 1.2 Partners... 3 1.3
More informationOperationalizing Sustainability
LCA is a science-based methodology that helps identify actionable improvement opportunities. Operationalizing Sustainability with Life Cycle Thinking Looking beyond sustainability toward a holistic approach
More informationThe importance of Balanced Scorecard in business operations
The importance of Balanced Scorecard in business operations Maida Djakovac Novi Pazar, Serbia maidadj86@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of this paper is that to explore the role and importance of applying strategic
More informationFull Circle. Supply management can play a key role in the circular economy, working with suppliers to eliminate waste and drive financial value.
October COVER STORY By Lisa Arnseth Full Circle Supply management can play a key role in the circular economy, working with suppliers to eliminate waste and drive financial value. 16 W hen products are
More informationA Classification of Product Service System Concept in the Environmental Aspect to Create the Strategy of the Design of PSS
Available Online at www.e-iph.co.uk ASLI QoL 2017 AicQoL2017Bangkok 5 th AMER International Conference on Quality of Life Nouvo City Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand, 25-27 February 2017 A Classification of Product
More informationCLEANER PRODUCTION AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY----- NEW STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA
CLEANER PRODUCTION AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY----- NEW STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA QIAN Yi Tsinghua University China Abstract Rapid economic development and population growth have caused
More information1 Growing GRC Business through the use of Sustaining Practices
1 Growing GRC Business through the use of Sustaining Practices Gary J Jakubcin OCV, USA In order to better understand how sustainable practices can help grow a business, we must start at the beginning
More informationCreating a Lean Business System Prof. Peter Hines. Creating a Lean Business System Professor Peter Hines
Creating a Lean Business System Professor Peter Hines Creating a Lean Business System This white paper provides an overview of The Lean Business Model, how it was developed, and how it can be used by enterprises
More informationContents An Introductory Overview of ITIL Service Lifecycle: concept and overview...3 I. Service strategy...6 The 4 P's of ITIL Service
ITIL 2011 Notes Contents An Introductory Overview of ITIL 2011...3 Service Lifecycle: concept and overview...3 I. Service strategy...6 II. The 4 P's of ITIL Service Strategy...6 Key processes and activities...7
More informationEmbracing Circular Economy Powered by Cradle to Cradle
Embracing Circular Economy Powered by Cradle to Cradle Mail: maastrup@desso.com Twitter: @Michael_Aastrup Michael Aastrup Managing Director The Nordic Countries DESSO AirMaster 9522, 2914 Our vision How
More informationCOMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT. Accompanying document to the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 22.07.2009 SEC(2009) 1012 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMT Accompanying document to the Commission Regulation implementing Directive 2005/32/EC with
More informationManaging Stakeholder Conflicts: Organized Hypocrisy and Sustainability Reporting
1 Managing Stakeholder Conflicts: Organized Hypocrisy and Sustainability Reporting March 16, 2016 Responsible Business Research Seminar University of Tampere Charles H. Cho, PhD ESSEC Business School WHO
More informationFACT SHEET INFORMATION ON CIRCULAR ECONOMY
FACT SHEET INFORMATION ON CIRCULAR ECONOMY THE CONCEPT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY Waste is a human invention. In nature, all waste from an organism becomes food for another. Everything is recycled. Our current
More informationLegrand's environmental commitments
128, Av. du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny 87045 Limoges cedex - France Tel.: +33 (0)5 55 06 87 87 Fax: +33 (0)5 55 06 88 88 i Your usual Sales office Website: www.legrand.fr This document is based on
More informationREACH and You. Con Expo / Con Agg 2014 March 5,
REACH and You Con Expo / Con Agg 2014 March 5, 2014 1 1 Chemicals in Product Legislation Raw Materials Sourcing Design & Manufacture Transport Use Recycling & Disposal Conflict Mineral REACH RoHS Transportation
More informationThe Product Manager s Guide to Strategic Planning
The Product Manager s Guide to Strategic Planning Table of Contents 1. Why You Need to Start with Top-Down Strategic Planning 2. Developing the Product Strategy 3. Defining Your Product Goals 4. Roadmap
More informationGlobal Sustainable Industrial Systems
Global Sustainable Industrial Systems Finite resources in an expanding world population elicit sustainable engineering solutions. While the Systems of Systems signature area examines how seemingly independent
More informationSustainability as value driver. Henk de Bruin Royal Philips Electronics Senior Vice-President, Global Head of Sustainability
Sustainability as value driver Henk de Bruin Royal Philips Electronics Senior Vice-President, Global Head of Sustainability Content Introduction Strategic, business and innovation side of Sustainability
More information6266/16 AM/am 1 DG E 1A
Council of the European Union Brussels, 22 February 2016 (OR. en) 6266/16 NOTE From: To: General Secretariat of the Council Council ENV 80 COMPET 63 AGRI 74 TRANS 49 MI 89 IND 34 CONSOM 35 ECOFIN 117 ENER
More informationThe Polish National Waste Management Plan 2014
1. Introduction... 21 2. Identification of problems in waste management... 22 3. Adopted aims in waste management... 23 4. Lines of action for waste prevention and shaping of waste management system...
More informationACR+ EPR Club: EU packaging law and the (EPR) principles of Directive 2008/98
ACR+ EPR Club: EU packaging law and the (EPR) principles of Directive 2008/98 Françoise Bonnet Brussels Environnement Brussels, 26 October 2012 Presentation outline EU waste policy and EPR EU packaging
More informationEpicor White Paper. Eight Habits of High-Gross-Margin Distributors
Epicor White Paper Eight Habits of High-Gross-Margin Distributors Abstract The ultimate goal of most companies is to improve their profit margins, and distributors are no exception. In fact, distributors
More informationHazardous Substances Management in the Supply Chain
Hazardous Substances Management in the Supply Chain Christophe Garnier, Pierre Bardollet and Eric Bonneville Abstract For decades, Schneider Electric has been committed to playing a key role in the environmental
More informationCASE STUDY Electronic Waste Management (e-waste) developing a system for the collection, re-use and recycling of old PCs
CASE STUDY Electronic Waste Management (e-waste) developing a system for the collection, re-use and recycling of old PCs Keywords: Sustainable development Waste disposal and recycling Urban areas Region:
More informationSTRIVING FOR EFFICIENCY: OPTIMUM VS. MAXIMUM RECYCLING TARGETS
STRIVING FOR EFFICIENCY: OPTIMUM VS. MAXIMUM RECYCLING TARGETS Helmut RECHBERGER, David LANER Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226,
More information2012 Color Code International 145 W. Crystal Ave. Salt Lake City, UT MOTIVE
Color Code 1 This guide may not be copied, reproduced, dismantled, quoted or presented without the express written approval of Color Code International. The Color Code, The People Code, and Color Your
More informationImproving waste management in Lagos - The roles of the private and public sectors. Case study - E-waste. George Richards
Improving waste management in Lagos - The roles of the private and public sectors. Case study - E-waste George Richards Presentation Outline Why is urgent action needed? What is the potential for a modern
More informationLocation: UNESCO Headquarters Paris Date March 3 & 4, 2014 Time am
International conference Creative design for sustainable urban development CHINESE ECO-CITIES, Creative technologies & infrastructure for sustainable city development? Meine Pieter van Dijk Professor UNESCO-IHE
More informationLEADER. Develop remarkable leaders who deliver amazing results
LEADER Develop remarkable leaders who deliver amazing results LEADER Develop remarkable leaders who deliver amazing results by Antoinette Oglethorpe the leader system 3 Here s the bottom line: companies
More informationCo-processing waste in the cement industry: A solution to natural resource preservation and total emission reduction
Co-processing waste in the cement industry: A solution to natural resource preservation and total emission reduction Cement thus concrete plays a vital part in our daily lives. Few people are aware that
More informationTowards a Sustainable Future
BUSINESS & ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Towards a Sustainable Future by Dr. Maliah Sulaiman & Dr. Nik Nazli Nik Ahmad The public has increasingly become more concerned about environmental
More information2017 2nd International Conference on Advances in Management Engineering and Information Technology (AMEIT 2017) ISBN:
2017 2nd International Conference on Advances in Management Engineering and Information Technology (AMEIT 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-457-8 Research on Decision-making of Green Reverse Logistics in Enterprises:
More informationHUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION Luţ Dina Maria lecturer, PHD student Christian University Dimitrie Cantemir Faculty of Management in
More informationSolid Waste Management & Separate Collection of Recyclables
Solid Waste Management & Separate Collection of Recyclables Prof. Dr. Marina Franke Global Sustainability / Germany Giovan Reyes Governmental Relations / Mexico Procter & Gamble Mexico City March 14, 2013
More informationEstablishment of Global Recycle Network
Establishment of Global Network V Osamu Kanzawa V Makoto Takahashi (Manuscript received January 7, 2005) In 1997, Fujitsu established the Fujitsu System (FRS) in Japan as the first nationwide recycling
More information