Plant Water Stress Detection Using Leaf Temperature and Microclimatic Information
|
|
- Wesley Wells
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 An ASABE Meeting Presentation Paper Number: Plant Water Stress Detection Using Leaf Temperature and Microclimatic Information Vasu Udompetaikul Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California, Davis, California Shrini K. Upadhyaya Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California, Davis, California David Slaughter Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California, Davis, California Bruce Lampinen Department of Plant Sciences University of California, Davis, California Ken Shackel Department of Plant Sciences University of California, Davis, California Written for presentation at the 2011 ASABE Annual International Meeting Sponsored by ASABE Galt House Louisville, Kentucky August 7 10, 2011 Abstract. A proximal sensor suite consisting of an infrared thermometer, an air temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a PAR sensor, and an anemometer was developed to measured leaf temperature and other relevant microclimatic information to determine plant water status. A series of experiments were conducted in almond and walnut orchards to study relationship between data obtained using the sensor suite and stem water potential measured using a standard pressure chamber. Multiple linear regression models of leaf temperature as functions of stem water potential, air temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation, and wind speed were developed and validated for almond and walnut crops under sunlit and shaded conditions. Models yielded high correlation The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Technical presentations are not subject to the formal peer review process by ASABE editorial committees; therefore, they are not to be presented as refereed publications. Citation of this work should state that it is from an ASABE meeting paper. EXAMPLE: Author's Last Name, Initials Title of Presentation. ASABE Paper No St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. For information about securing permission to reprint or reproduce a technical presentation, please contact ASABE at rutter@asabe.org or (2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI USA).
2 with R2 values ranging from 0.82 to Discriminant analyses of the data obtained from the sensor suite resulted in error rates of 9 to 11% in walnuts and 16 to 17% in almonds. However, critically wrong decision error, which is the overall misclassification of stressed trees, was limited to 5 to 10% in almonds, and 2 to 7% in walnuts. Since shaded leaf datasets were better correlated to plant water status in regression analysis and resulted in good discrimination power in classification analyses, shaded leaf data that is easier to gather using the sensor suite may be used in future studies. Keywords. plant water stress, plant water status, leaf temperature, infrared thermometer, discrimination analysis. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Technical presentations are not subject to the formal peer review process by ASABE editorial committees; therefore, they are not to be presented as refereed publications. Citation of this work should state that it is from an ASABE meeting paper. EXAMPLE: Author's Last Name, Initials Title of Presentation. ASABE Paper No St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. For information about securing permission to reprint or reproduce a technical presentation, please contact ASABE at rutter@asabe.org or (2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI USA).
3 Introduction California is the nation s sole commercial producer of almonds and walnuts (CDFA, 2009). In 2007, more than 1 million tons of almonds and walnuts were produced in California amounting to more than $3 billion in value. Goldhamer (1996, 1998) estimated that almond and walnut productions require approximately 2.4 and 4.2 m 3, respectively, of water for each kilogram of nut. Therefore, California needs approximately 3 billion m 3 of water to produce almonds and walnuts. Because water resource is becoming scarce and urban water demand is increasing, there is an urgent need to utilize water wisely for agricultural production. The key is to develop irrigation strategies for a better water use efficiency without affecting quality or quantity of yield. This requires monitoring water status of the plant frequently to properly manage irrigation. Pressure chamber has been used widely to measure leaf or stem water potential for plant water status determination and irrigation scheduling for many crops (Chauvin et al., 2006; Lampinen et al., 2001; Naor, 2000; Shackel et al., 1997). However, this conventional method is tedious and time consuming, and frequently result in an inadequate amount of sampling (Cohen et al., 2005), and is not suitable for commercial applications (Jones, 2004). To address these concerns, techniques based on measuring canopy temperature have been developed. When a plant is under stress due to lack of water, it tends to close the stomata to decrease transpiration leading to an increase in leaf temperature. The energy balance of a leaf shows that this change in leaf temperature also depends on ambient conditions (i.e., relative humidity, wind speed, and ambient temperature) and radiation incident on the canopy surface. Fortunately, these parameters can be easily measured in real-time using commercially available sensors. Sensing canopy temperature using infrared thermometers or thermal cameras has shown good potential to estimate plant water status for irrigation scheduling in cotton, corn, grapevine, and pistachios (González-Dugo et al., 2006; Moller et al., 2007; Payero and Irmak, 2006; Testi et al., 2008). Thermal imaging technique can be scaled up to large areas of crop (Jones, 2004) but involves image processing techniques and can be expensive. A simple infrared thermometer with proper acquisition techniques could be used as a rapid and noncontact sensing device to evaluate plant water status. The objective of this study was to study the relationship between plant water stress, leaf temperature, and microclimatic parameters and develop classification tools based on plant leaf temperature to discriminate plant water status in almond and walnut trees. Thermal sensing for plant water status Response of a plant leaf to plant water status and environmental parameters can be presented by an energy balance scheme (Jackson et al., 1988; Jones, 1992) which mainly consists of net radiation, sensible heat mostly by convection, and latent energy by evaporation across the leaf surface. For a leaf, energy generated form metabolic processes can be neglected. This model shows that leaf temperature depends on air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, leaf resistance, and boundary layer resistance. By utilizing proper sensors, we can study the relationship between these parameters. Air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation could be easily measured. Leaf temperature can be measured remotely using an infrared thermometer (IRT) by detecting infrared energy emitted. Boundary layer resistance depends mainly on the shape and size of the leaf and wind speed. Wind passing through the leaves of many plants can be approximated as laminar flow over flat plates (Gates, 1980; Monteith and Unsworth, 2008). Leaf resistance (r L ) can typically be measured using leaf porometer. Torrecillas et al. (1988) and Shackel 2
4 (2007) found good correlation between leaf and stem water potential and leaf resistance in almonds. In other words, plant water status affects to leaf resistance and temperature. Materials and method Sensor suite A sensor suite to measure leaf temperature and microclimatic information was developed to study the relationship between leaf temperature along with relevant microclimatic information and plant water status in almonds (Figure 1). It consists of an infrared thermometer (IRT) (Model 6000L, Everest Interscience, Tucson, AZ), a PAR sensor (LI-190, LICOR inc., Lincoln, NE), an air temperature and humidity probe (HMP35C, Visalia Inc., Woburn, MA), and an anemometer (WindSonic, Gill Instruments Ltd., Hampshire, UK). Figure 1. Sensor suite consisting of an infrared thermometer, a PAR sensor, an air temperature and humidity probe, and an anemometer. All sensors are interfaced with a datalogger. A pressure chamber was used to measure stem water potential. All instruments were installed on a mobile cart to move through the orchard. Experimental technique For walnuts, experiments were conducted in 2010 growing season in a Howard walnut (8 years old) and a Chandler walnut (4 years old) orchards located in Arbuckle, CA. For almonds, the experiments were directed in a 5-year-old orchard in Arbuckle, CA, and a 4-year-old orchard in Madera, CA. Both orchards were planted to nonpareil almond variety. In each orchard, 15 trees with various plant water deficit levels were observed several times to test the suitability of this sensor suite to determine plant water status. During a given test (visit to the orchard), leaf temperature, PAR, air temperature, RH, and wind speed were measured using the sensor suite on each tree during 1 to 4 PM at which plant experiences daily maximum water stress (Lampinen et al., 2004). SWP was measured using a pressure chamber. IR sensor was used 3
5 to measure the temperatures of five sunlit and five shaded leaves per tree. Each observation consisted of averages of 5 sample of leaf temperature (T L ), air temperature (T A ), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (v A ) measurements. In addition, one stem water potential (SWP) measurement was taken per tree. This experimental procedure was repeated between 3 to 6 times for a given orchard to archive a wide range of ambient conditions. Analysis In 2010, we developed models based on temperature difference between leaf and ambient air (T L -T A ) as functions of SWP, PAR, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and wind speed with high coefficient of multiple determination (R 2 values) of 0.83 for almonds and 0.84 for walnuts (Udompetaikul et al., 2010). However, those models included both sunlit and shaded leaves and distribution of light data was essentially bimodal. Range of light levels intercepted by shaded leave was narrow and it was interesting to observe the shaded leaves separately. In addition, VPD is also function of air temperature and relative humidity. It may be appropriate to use air temperature and relative humidity as independent variables instead of a single variable, VPD. This suggests the use of leaf temperature rather than difference between the temperature of the leaf and air as the dependent variable. Based on the above, the data were analyzed using SAS software package (SAS Institute, Inc. v.9.2. Cary, NC). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to study relationship between leaf temperature, plant water status, and microclimatic information. By utilizing stepwise model selection approach with k-fold cross validation (Hastie et al., 2009; SAS, 2010), empirical models for leaf temperature as functions of SWP, PAR, air temperature, RH, and wind speed were developed for each crop and light exposure conditions. Second order polynomial model was used to account for quadratic effects, if any. Our ultimate interest is to predict plant water status using the data obtained from the sensor suite. However, the leaf temperature was a dependent variable in our model and the plant water stress was an independent variable. We propose a technique to classify the plant water status as stressed and unstressed trees based on the critical values of stem water potential. The prediction models were used to determine critical values of the leaf temperature ( ) corresponding to critical values of stem water potential (SWP c ). Plant will be classified as stressed if its leaf temperature,, is higher than. Classification accuracy was computed by comparing predicted stress to the measured stress level. Actual tree stress level was defined by considering the plant water potential below the baseline, which is maximum SWP achieved when plant gets fully irrigated. This baseline depends on crop type and vapor pressure deficit. Baseline functions for almonds and walnuts are given by (McCutchan and Shackel, 1992; Shackel et al., 1997): Baseline (bar) = 1.20 VPD 4.10 for almonds, = 0.64 VPD 2.78 for walnuts. The plant stress threshold was defined as a straight line parallel to the baseline. In our study, the plant stress threshold was placed under the baseline by 8 bars and 4 bars for almonds and walnuts, respectively. SWP value on the threshold line is the critical SWP (SWP c ). A Tree was defined as stressed if the measured SWP is lower than the SWP c at that ambient condition (i.e., VPD value). This criterion was used to define the true stress level for the tree samples to evaluate the classification power of each discriminant analysis also. Further studies using discriminant analyses were performed to distinguish plants into two groups, stressed and unstressed, from leaf temperature, air temperature, RH, PAR, and wind 4
6 speed data. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to select a subset of the quantitative variables for use in discriminating trees among the two classes stressed and unstressed (Klecka, 1980). Moreover, a canonical discriminant analysis was used to find canonical variables which are linear combinations of the quantitative variables that provide maximal separation between classes (SAS, 2010). Since only two classes were involved in this study, one canonical variable was necessary. Separate analyses were conducted for each crop and light exposure condition. Classification accuracies of discriminant models were determined by performing leave-one-out cross-validation technique (Khattree and Naik, 2000). All classification techniques were compared to suggest suitable models to discriminate between stressed and unstressed trees. Results and discussions Multiple regression models Based on multiple linear regression analysis of 193 and 74 observational data respectively from almond and walnut trees (table 1), strong relationships between leaf temperature and stem water potential with other microclimatic information were found. Since relationship between parameters was not necessarily linear, a second order polynomial model was used. Prediction models yielded high R 2 values of and for sunlit and shaded leaves, respectively, for almonds, (Eqns. 1 and 2 in table 2). For walnuts, R 2 values were for sunlit leaves and for shaded leaves (Eqns. 3 and 4). Both SWP and T A were highly significant in all models, which showed a good relationship between T L, T A, and SWP. For sunlit leaves, PAR level was also significant. Note that PAR was also significant in shaded walnut leaf. Since the parameters utilized in the regression analysis were standardized and PAR value for shaded was Table 1. Means, standard deviation, and range of observational data collected from two almond and two walnut orchards and categorized by different light exposure condition. Parameter Statistic Almonds Walnuts Sunlit Shaded Sunlit Shaded PAR Mean ( mol s -1 m -2 ) SD Range 1239 to to to to 249 T L Mean ( C) SD Range 27.6 to to to to 31.8 T A Mean ( C) SD Range 23.3 to to 33.8 RH Mean (%) SD Range 27.2 to to 45.8 Wind speed Mean (m s -1 ) SD Range 0.16 to to 1.42 SWP Mean (bar) SD Range -22 to to -3.5 No. of observations
7 relatively low, the square term for the standardized PAR was even lower. When combined with a low regression coefficient (0.34), the effect from PAR was marginal for this model. Wind speed was significant in sunlit leaf models for both crops whereas the RH effect was significant in shaded walnut leaf model. In addition, linear models, that contain no interaction and quadratic terms, were also explored because of their simplicity. Strong relationships were still found with slightly lower R 2 values compared to the full quadratic models. For almonds, the models yielded high R 2 values of for sunlit leaves and for shaded leaves (Eqns.5 and 6 in table 3). For walnuts, linear models yielded R 2 values of for sunlit leaves and for shaded leaves (Eqn.7 and 8). Because of their simplicity to explain the relationship with similar R 2 values to the full quadratic model, the linear parameter models (Eqns. 5 to 8) were used in further studies. Table 2. Second order polynomial models for leaf temperature as functions of SWP, T A, RH, PAR, and v A under different light exposure condition for almonds and walnuts, where superscript * shows that parameters are standardized by subtracting the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation (Table 1). Crop Exposure Empirical prediction model R 2 Almonds Sunlit T L = Shaded T L = Walnuts Sunlit T L = Shaded T L = (1) (2) (3) (4) Table 3. Linear models for leaf temperature as functions of SWP, T A, RH, PAR, and v A under different light exposure conditions for almonds and walnuts, where superscript * shows that parameters are standardized by subtracting the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation (Table 1). Crop Exposure Empirical prediction model R 2 Almonds Sunlit T L = (5) Shaded T L = (6) Walnuts Sunlit T L = (7) Shaded T L = (8) Plant water stress classification using regression models When critical SWP values were used in eqns. 5 and 6 for almonds, and 7and 8 for walnuts, critical leaf temperatures as stress thresholds could be calculated. If measured leaf temperature is higher than this critical temperature, the tree is classified as stressed. Table 4 shows result of misclassification from this classification analysis. This approach had total errors 6
8 of 10.8 and 12.3% for sunlit and shaded walnut trees, respectively. In terms of misclassification of stressed trees as unstressed trees, which is designated as critically wrong decision as this has implications on plant growth and yield, the error rates were 5.4% and 6.9% for sunlit and shaded walnut trees, respectively. A less serious error that would lead to over-irrigation (i.e., detecting unstressed trees as stressed) was about 5.5% for all walnut trees. However, in almonds, errors were higher, total errors were 17.6 and 15.0% for sunlit and shaded leaves, respectively. This technique resulted in 8.8 and 5.2% critically wrong decision, and 8.8 and 9.8% over-irrigation decision for sunlit and shaded leaves, respectively. Small size of almond leaves may have been affected by air temperature much more than in walnuts resulting in poorer results in almonds compared to walnuts. In spite higher level of errors in almond, the critical errors were still below 10%. Table 4. Classification of almond and walnuts trees into stressed and unstressed trees based on regression models with critical SWP value under different light exposure condition. Error rate (%) Overall error (%) Crop Exposure Critical Over Stressed Unstressed Total Error Irrigation Almonds Sunlit Shaded Walnuts Sunlit Shaded Discriminant analyses Similar to previous classification analysis using MLR models, classification accuracies were evaluated from total error rate and critical error rate. Stepwise discriminant analysis resulted in total error rates for sunlit and shaded almond trees of 16.6 and 16.1%, respectively. The critically wrong decisions were 9.8% for sunlit and 7.3% for shaded conditions. In walnuts, total error rates were 10.8 and 9.6% for sunlit and shaded conditions, respectively. The critically wrong decision was 4.1% for both light exposure conditions. Leaf temperature, air temperature and humidity played important role in classifying almond trees. For sunlit leaves, PAR level was also important in classification analysis. Interestingly, sunlight level did not play a role in classifying walnut trees. For shaded walnuts trees, leaf and air temperature were major factors in assisting with the classification analysis. Table 5. Discrimination accuracy of stepwise discriminant analysis under different light exposure condition in almonds and walnuts. Crop Error rate (%) Overall error (%) Significant Exposure Critical Over Stressed Unstressed Total parameters Error Irrigation Almonds Sunlit T L, T A, PAR, RH Shaded T L, T A, RH Walnuts Sunlit T L, v A Shaded T L, T A 7
9 When the canonical discriminant analysis was used in almonds, total error rates were 16.1% for both light exposure conditions. In walnuts, error rates were 8.8% for sunlit and 9.6% for shaded conditions. In terms of critically wrong decision, there was 9.3% for sunlit and 7.8% for shaded leaves in almonds, and 2.0% for sunlit and 4.1% for shaded leaves in walnuts. This technique could discriminate stress levels in walnut trees using sunlit leaves very effectively by keeping the total and critical errors low. Table 6. Discrimination accuracy for canonical discriminant analysis under different light exposure condition in almonds and walnuts. Error rate (%) Overall error (%) Crop Exposure Critical Over Stressed Unstressed Total Error Irrigation Almonds Sunlit Shaded Walnuts Sunlit Shaded Form the above discussion it is clear that MLR models show a better relationship between the plant water status and the leaf temperature for shaded leaves than sunlit leaves. For both the discriminant analyses, classification accuracies for sunlit and shaded leaves were not significantly different. However, amount of light interception normal to the leaf surface is necessary to make accurate classification of sunlit leaves. This is a very important and interesting outcome as sunlit leaves change leaf orientation depending on the light intensity making it tedious to obtain radiation data normal to the leaf surface. From a practical point of view, it is much more convenient to obtain shaded leaf data using the sensor suite. Results from this study suggest that good discriminant models for walnuts and almonds could be developed using only shaded leaf data. Conclusions A proximal sensor suite consisting of an infrared thermometer, an air temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a PAR sensor, and an anemometer was developed to measured leaf temperature and other relevant microclimatic information to predict plant water status. Based on a series of experiments conducted in almond and walnut orchards to study relationship between data obtained from the sensor suite and the plant water status measured by a standard pressure chamber following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Multiple linear regression models of leaf temperature as functions of stem water potential, air temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation, and wind speed were developed and validated for almond and walnut crops under sunlit and shaded light exposure conditions. Models yielded high coefficient of multiple determination (R 2 ) values from 0.82 to By utilizing the concept of critical SWP value in regression models, critical leaf temperature were determined as the threshold value to discriminate tree as stressed or unstressed. This analysis yielded total error rates of 11 to 12% in walnuts and 27 to 38% in almonds. Stepwise discriminant analysis resulted in error rates of 10% to 11% in walnuts and about 16% to 17% in almonds. Canonical discriminant analysis resulted in error rates of 9% to 10% in walnuts and about 16% in almonds. 8
10 (ii) When critically wrong decision error rate, which is the overall misclassification of stressed tree, was considered, all the classification techniques yielded 9 to 10% in sunlit almonds, 5 to 8% in shaded almonds, 2 to 5% in sunlit walnuts, and 4 to 7% in shaded walnuts, respectively. The results showed that shaded leaf temperature yielded better correlation to plant water status compared to sunlit leaf temperature in regression analysis models and similar discriminant power in all classification analyses. These results suggest that only shaded leaves could be used in future studies. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant programs (SCRI-USDA-NIFA No ), Almond Board of California, California Walnut Board, and Henry A. Jastro Graduate Research Scholarship Award for the financial support to conduct these research activities. Moreover, we sincerely appreciate the Royal Thai Scholarship for providing financial support to Mr. Vasu Udompetaikul to pursue his graduate education at UC Davis. References CDFA California Agricultural Resource Directory California Department of Food and Agriculture. Sacramento, CA. Chauvin, W., T. Ameglio, J. P. Prunet, and P. Soing Irrigation of walnut trees managing the water potential. Acta Horticulturae 705: Cohen, Y., V. Alchanatis, M. Meron, Y. Saranga, and J. Tsipris Estimation of leaf water potential by thermal imagery and spatial analysis. J. Exp. Bot. 56(417): Gates, D. M Biophysical ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York. Goldhamer, D. A Irrigation Scheduling. In Almond production manual, p W. C. Micke, ed: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California.. Goldhamer, D. A Irrigation Scheduling. In Walnut production manual, p D. E. Ramos, ed: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Publication González-Dugo, M., M. Moran, L. Mateos, and R. Bryant Canopy temperature variability as an indicator of crop water stress severity. Irrigation Science 24(4): Hastie, T., R. Tibshirani, and J. H. Friedman The Elements of Statistical Learning. 2 ed. Springer. Jackson, R. D., W. P. Kustas, and B. J. Choudhury A reexamination of the crop water stress index. Irrigation Science 9(4): Jones, H. G Plants and microclimate : a quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Jones, H. G Irrigation scheduling: advantages and pitfalls of plant-based methods. J. Exp. Bot. 55(407): Khattree, R., and D. N. Naik Multivariate data reduction and discrimination with SAS software. SAS Institute Inc. Klecka, W. R Discriminant analysis. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills and London. 9
11 Lampinen, B., K. Shackel, S. Southwick, and W. Olson Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stem water potential in prune. Irrigation Science 20(2): Lampinen, B. D., K. A. Shackel, S. M. Southwick, W. H. Olson, and T. M. DeJong Leaf and canopy level photosynthetic responses of French prune (Prunus domestica L. 'French') to stem water potential based deficit irrigation. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 79(4): McCutchan, H., and K. A. Shackel Stem-water Potential as a Sensitive Indicator of Water Stress in Prune Trees (Prunus domestica L. cv. French). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117(4): Moller, M., V. Alchanatis, Y. Cohen, M. Meron, J. Tsipris, A. Naor, V. Ostrovsky, M. Sprintsin, and S. Cohen Use of thermal and visible imagery for estimating crop water status of irrigated grapevine. J. Exp. Bot. 58(4): Monteith, J. L., and M. H. Unsworth Principles of environmental physics. 3rd ed. Academic Press. Naor, A Midday stem water potential as a plant water stress indicator for irrigation scheduling in fruit trees. Acta Horticulturae 537: Payero, J., and S. Irmak Variable upper and lower crop water stress index baselines for corn and soybean. Irrigation Science 25(1): SAS SAS OnlineDoc, Version 9.2. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, Inc. Shackel, K. A Water relations of woody perennial plant species. Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin 41(3): Shackel, K. A., H. Ahmadi, W. Biasi, R. Buchner, D. Goldhamer, S. Gurusinghe, J. Hasey, D. Kester, B. Krueger, B. Lampinen, G. McGourty, W. Micke, E. Mitcham, B. Olson, K. Pelletrau, H. Philips, D. Ramos, L. Schwankl, S. Sibbett, R. Snyder, S. Southwick, M. Stevenson, M. Thorpe, S. Weinbaum, and J. Yeager Plant water status as an index of irrigation need in deciduous fruit trees. HortTechnology 7(1): Testi, L., D. Goldhamer, F. Iniesta, and M. Salinas Crop water stress index is a sensitive water stress indicator in pistachio trees. Irrigation Science 26(5): Torrecillas, A., M. Ruiz-Sanchez, A. Leon, and A. Garcia Stomatal response to leaf water potential in almond trees under drip irrigated and non irrigated conditions. Plant and Soil 112(1): Udompetaikul, V., S. K. Upadhyaya, D. C. Slaughter, and B. D. Lampinen Development of a sensor suite to determine plant water potential. Paper No: ASABE Annual International Meeting. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. 10
Using Midday Stem Water Potential to Assess Irrigation Needs of Landscape Valley Oaks 1
Using Midday Stem Water Potential to Assess Irrigation Needs of Landscape Valley Oaks 1 Ken Shackel 2 and Rob Gross 3 Abstract In a number of deciduous tree crops a reliable pressure chamber measurement
More informationREFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND YIELD IN WALNUT
REFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND YIELD IN WALNUT Bruce Lampinen, Shrini Upadhyaya, Vasu Udompetaikul, Greg Browne, David Slaughter, Samuel Metcalf, Bill Stewart, Loreto Contador,
More informationREFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND YIELD IN WALNUT
REFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND YIELD IN WALNUT Bruce Lampinen, Shrini Upadhyaya, Vasu Udompetaikul, Greg Browne, David Slaughter, Samuel Metcalf, Bill Stewart, Loreto Contador,
More informationPrecision Irrigation Management: What s Now and What s New (Part 1) December 7, 2016
Precision Irrigation Management: What s Now and What s New (Part 1) December 7, 2016 Precision Irrigation Management: What s Now and What s New (Part 1) Bob Curtis, Almond Board of California (Moderator)
More informationREFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND YIELD IN WALNUT
REFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND YIELD IN WALNUT Bruce Lampinen, Shrini Upadhyaya, Vasu Udompetaikul, Greg Browne, David Slaughter, Samuel Metcalf, Bob Beede, Carolyn DeBuse,
More informationSimplified tree water status measurements can aid almond irrigation
Simplified tree water status measurements can aid almond irrigation David A. Goldhamer Elias Fereres Elias Fereres (left) and Mario Salinas inspect dataloggers and associated equipment that were used to
More informationPROGRESS WITH MEASURING AND UTILIZING CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ETc) IN WALNUT
PROGRESS WITH MEASURING AND UTILIZING CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ETc) IN WALNUT Allan Fulton, Cayle Little, Richard Snyder, Richard Buchner, Bruce Lampinen, and Sam Metcalf ABSTRACT Since 1982 when the California
More informationAuthor's personal copy
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 54 55 (22) 56 65 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Agricultural and Forest Meteorology jou rn al h om epa ge: www.elsevier.com/locate/agrformet Almond
More informationSensitivity and Variability of Maximum Trunk Shrinkage, Midday Stem Water Potential, and Transpiration Rate in Response to Withholding Irrigation
HORTSCIENCE 38(4):547 551. 2003. Sensitivity and Variability of Maximum Trunk Shrinkage, Midday Stem Water Potential, and Transpiration Rate in Response to Withholding Irrigation from Field-grown Apple
More informationResponses of apple fruit size to tree water status and crop load
Tree Physiology 28, 1255 1261 2008 Heron Publishing Victoria, Canada Responses of apple fruit size to tree water status and crop load A. NAOR, 1,2 S. NASCHITZ, 1 M. PERES 3 and Y. GAL 3 1 Golan Research
More informationAllan Fulton, Irrigation and Water Resources, Farm Advisor, Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties
Allan Fulton, Irrigation and Water Resources, Farm Advisor, Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties 1 Trends in California s almond and walnut industries Research impacts and challenges Irrigation scheduling
More informationEstimation of crop water stress in a nectarine orchard using high-resolution imagery from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Gold Coast, Australia, 29 Nov to 4 Dec 215 www.mssanz.org.au/modsim215 Estimation of crop water stress in a nectarine orchard using high-resolution
More informationWater Management in Walnuts in a Dry Year Bruce Lampinen, Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis
Water Management in Walnuts in a Dry Year Bruce Lampinen, Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis Quad County Walnut Insitute, March 12, 2015 Things I will cover Are things different
More informationRegulated deficit irrigation reduces water use of almonds without affecting yield
Research Article Regulated deficit irrigation reduces water use of almonds without affecting yield by William L. Stewart, Allan E. Fulton, William H. Krueger, Bruce D. Lampinen and Ken A. Shackel A plant-based
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A NUTRIENT BUDGET APPROACH AND OPTIMIZATION OF FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN WALNUT
DEVELOPMENT OF A NUTRIENT BUDGET APPROACH AND OPTIMIZATION OF FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN WALNUT Theodore DeJong, Katherine Pope, Patrick Brown, Bruce Lampinen, Jan Hopmans, Allan Fulton, Richard Buchner,
More informationThe Role of Water in Walnut Tree Growth and Development
The Role of Water in Walnut Tree Growth and Development Bruce Lampinen Rick Buchner Allan Fulton Joe Grant Terry Prichard Cayle Little Larry Schwankl Cyndi Gilles Sam Metcalf Dan Rivers Valerie Gamble
More informationTechnology and Product Reports A Mobile Platform for Measuring Canopy Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception in Orchard Systems
Technology and Product Reports A Mobile Platform for Measuring Canopy Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception in Orchard Systems Bruce D. Lampinen 1,4, Vasu Udompetaikul 2, Gregory T. Browne 3,
More informationIrrigation and Salinity Management In a Dry Year(s) Terry Prichard UC Davis Dept Land, Air, and Water Resources
Irrigation and Salinity Management In a Dry Year(s) Terry Prichard UC Davis Dept Land, Air, and Water Resources Stretching Water Supplies Application Efficiency System Design/ Uniformity Runoff Collection
More informationImproving Almond Productivity under Deficit Irrigation in Semiarid Zones
56 The Open Agriculture Journal, 2011, 5, 56-62 Open Access Improving Almond Productivity under Deficit Irrigation in Semiarid Zones I.F. García-Tejero, V.H. Durán-Zuazo *, L.M. Vélez, A. Hernández, A.
More informationNozzle size uniformity
Irrigation and Salinity it Management In a Dry Year(s) Terry Prichard UC Davis Dept Land, Air, and Water Resources Stretching Water Supplies Application Efficiency System Design/ Uniformity Runoff Collection
More informationHORTSCIENCE 47(7):
HORTSCIENCE 47(7):907 916. 2012. Estimating Midday Leaf and Stem Water Potentials of Mature Pecan Trees from Soil Water Content and Climatic Parameters Sanjit K. Deb 1, Manoj K. Shukla, and John G. Mexal
More informationTREE WATER POTENTIAL FOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT CROPS. Rashid Al-Yahyai. Abstract
TREE WATER POTENTIAL FOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT CROPS Rashid Al-Yahyai Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123,
More informationKansas Irrigated Agriculture s Impact on Value of Crop Production
Paper No. MC03-301 An ASAE Meeting Presentation Kansas Irrigated Agriculture s Impact on Value of Crop Production by Danny H. Rogers Professor Biological & Agricultural Engineering Department Kansas State
More informationAlternative Methods for Determining Crop Water Status for Irrigation of Citrus Groves
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 122:63 71. 2009. Alternative Methods for Determining Crop Water Status for Irrigation of Citrus Groves LAURA J. WALDO * AND ARNOLD W. SCHUMANN University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus
More informationIrrigation scheduling of fruit trees
Irrigation scheduling of fruit trees Amos Naor Water stress assessment The interaction of crop-load with irrigation Soil water stress indicators Soil water potential - Tensiometer Soil water potential
More informationIrrigation Management Tools for Developing Orchards. Allan Fulton UC Farm Advisor Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties
Irrigation Management Tools for Developing Orchards Allan Fulton UC Farm Advisor Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties 1 Growing Walnuts in the northern Sacramento Valley 14 24 inches annual rainfall
More informationFertigation: Interaction of Water and Nutrient Management in Almonds
Fertigation: Interaction of Water and Nutrient Management in Almonds Project No.: Project Leader: 8-HORT11-Shackel/Sanden Ken Shackel, Dept. of Plant Sciences One shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616-8683 (53)
More informationIrrigation Management Tools for Developing Orchards. Allan Fulton UC Farm Advisor Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties
Irrigation Management Tools for Developing Orchards Allan Fulton UC Farm Advisor Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties 1 Growing Walnuts in the northern Sacramento Valley 14 24 inches annual rainfall
More informationOn-the-go thermal imaging for water status assessment in commercial vineyards
Advances in Animal Biosciences: Precision Agriculture (ECPA) 2017, (2017), 8:2, pp 520 524 The Animal Consortium 2017 doi:10.1017/s204047001700108x advances in animal biosciences On-the-go thermal imaging
More informationCHANDLER WALNUT PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2015
CHANDLER WALNUT PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2015 Bruce Lampinen, Janine Hasey, John Edstrom, Sam Metcalf, William Stewart, and Loreto Contador ABSTRACT Hedgerow walnut orchards have been studied since the
More informationIrrigation Management for Young Orchards
Irrigation Management for Young Orchards Allan Fulton Irrigation and Water Resources Farm Advisor Tehama County aefulton@ucanr.edu or (530)-527-3101 Also serve Glenn, Colusa, and Shasta Counties Young
More informationAgricultural Water Management
Agricultural Water Management 118 (2013) 79 86 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Agricultural Water Management j ourna l ho me page: www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat An insight to the performance
More informationDETERMINING COTTON LEAF CANOPY TEMPERATURE USING MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING
From the SelectedWorks of William R DeTar 2000 DETERMINING COTTON LEAF CANOPY TEMPERATURE USING MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING S. J. Maas G. J. Fitzgerald William R DeTar Available at: https://works.bepress.com/william_detar/12/
More informationAlmond Drought Management. David Doll UCCE Merced
Almond Drought Management David Doll UCCE Merced Irrigation Considerations Climate Contribution Rainfall Snowpack Season s temperatures Distribution uniformity (DU) Frost protection/pre-irrigating Ground
More informationRapid Equilibration of Leaf and Stem Water Potential under Field Conditions in Almonds, Walnuts, and Prunes
sities compared to the untreated check in 2000. We assume that the DPT weed control activity was a combination of postemergence and preemergence activity, since weeds were present at the time of application,
More informationArimad- instrument for plant water potential measurement
Arimad- instrument for plant water potential measurement Table of contents WHAT IS PLANT WATER POTENTIAL? 2 PLANT WATER STRESS IS INFLUENCED BY 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 2 PRESSURE CHAMBER (ΨW MEASUREMENT)
More informationIrrigation Scheduling in Orchards. Terry Prichard CE Water Management Specialist UC Davis Dept LAWR
Irrigation Scheduling in Orchards Terry Prichard CE Water Management Specialist UC Davis Dept LAWR Irrigation Scheduling When to apply irrigation water How Much to apply When and How Much? Different crops
More informationEffects of Deficit and Cutoff Irrigation During Different Phenological Stages of Fruit Growth on Production in Mature Almond Trees cv.
Effects of Deficit and Cutoff Irrigation During Different Phenological Stages of Fruit Growth on Production in Mature Almond Trees cv. Mamaei A.Mousavi *1, R. Ali Mohamadi 2, M.Tatari 3 1 Deptartment of
More informationPlant Breeding for Stress Tolerance Part 1: Consider the Energy Balance
Plant Breeding for Stress Tolerance Part 1: Consider the Energy Balance James L. Heilman and Kevin J. McInnes Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences High throughput phenotyping is a promising methodology for
More informationDeveloping and Integrating Plant Models for Predictive Irrigation
Developing and Integrating Plant Models for Predictive Irrigation Jongyun Kim Post-Doctoral Research Associate Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland, College Park,
More informationColusa Orchard Newsletter
Colusa Orchard Newsletter Tree Crops and Nickels Soil Lab University of California Cooperative Extension Colusa County This newsletter is produced by: John P. Edstrom P.O. Box 180, 100 Sunrise Blvd., Suite
More informationProtocol for Assessing Particle Shape of Comminuted Biomass
An ASABE Meeting Presentation Paper Number: 1111086 Protocol for Assessing Particle Shape of Comminuted Biomass James H. Dooley David N. Lanning Galen K. Broderick Forest Concepts, LLC Written for presentation
More informationEstimation of leaf water potential by thermal imagery and spatial analysis*
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 56, No. 417, pp. 1843 1852, July 2005 doi:10.1093/jxb/eri174 Advance Access publication 16 May, 2005 RESEARCH PAPER Estimation of leaf water potential by thermal imagery
More informationRemote sensing for crop water stress detection in greenhouses
Remote sensing for crop water stress detection in greenhouses Bartzanas T. 1, Katsoulas N. 1,2, Elvanidi A. 1,2, Ferentinos K.P. 1, Kittas C. 1,2 1 Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute
More informationMEASURING WATER STRESS ON ALFALFA AND OTHER CROPS WITH INFRARED THERMOMETRY
MEASURING WATER STRESS ON ALFALFA AND OTHER CROPS WITH INFRARED THERMOMETRY JL HATFIELD Biometeorologist Land, Air and Water Resources University of California, Davis Introduction Irrigation management
More informationEVALUATING WATER REQUIREMENTS OF DEVELOPING WALNUT ORCHARDS IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY
EVALUATING WATER REQUIREMENTS OF DEVELOPING WALNUT ORCHARDS IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY Allan Fulton ABSTRACT Most of the research on irrigation of walnuts has primarily focused on plant water relations and
More informationResearch Update Stem Water Potential Baseline and Mechanical Hedging of Oil Olive. Bill Krueger UCCE Farm Advisor, Glenn and Tehama Countiesw
Research Update Stem Water Potential Baseline and Mechanical Hedging of Oil Olive Bill Krueger UCCE Farm Advisor, Glenn and Tehama Countiesw How is Tree Stress (Stem Water Potential) Measured, Conceptually?
More informationPractical Irrigation Scheduling, Technology & Deficit Irrigation. Katherine Pope, Farm Advisor Sac, Solano & Yolo Counties
Practical Irrigation Scheduling, Technology & Deficit Irrigation Katherine Pope, Farm Advisor Sac, Solano & Yolo Counties Irrigation Scheduling: Demand and Supply Demand = Evapotranspiration Supply = Storage,
More informationIrrigation Scheduling in Pecan Orchards using a Soil Water Balance Model
Irrigation Scheduling in Pecan Orchards using a Soil Water Balance Model Leonardo Lombardini 1 and Bruno Basso 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, TAMU 2 Associate Professor,
More informationTiebiao Zhao, Brandon Stark, YangQuan Chen, Andrew L. Ray and David Doll
215 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) Denver Marriott Tech Center Denver, Colorado, USA, June 9-12, 215 A Detailed Field Study of Direct Correlations Between Ground Truth Crop
More informationEvaluation of Combined Application of Fog System and CO 2 Enrichment in Greenhouses by Using Phytomonitoring Data
Evaluation of Combined Application of Fog System and CO 2 Enrichment in Greenhouses by Using Phytomonitoring Data U. Schmidt, C. Huber and T. Rocksch Humboldt University Institute for Horticultural Sciences,
More informationEarly Season Irrigation Effects on Low Desert Upland Cotton Yields Using Leaf Water Potential Measurements
Early Season Irrigation Effects on Low Desert Upland Cotton Yields Using Leaf Water Potential Measurements Item Type text; Article Authors Husman, S. H.; Garrot, Donald J. Jr.; O'Leary, J. W.; Ramsey,
More informationEvaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water stress in winter wheat in the North China Plain
Agricultural Water Management 64 (2004) 29 40 Evaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water stress in winter wheat in the North China Plain Guofu Yuan, Yi Luo, Xiaomin Sun, Dengyin Tang Institute
More informationCrop response to water stress: eco-physiological and proximate sensing techniques
ACLIMAS training courses Advanced tools to predict water stress and its effect on yield Hammamet (Tunisia) 24-27/11/2014 Crop response to water stress: eco-physiological and proximate sensing techniques
More informationLower Limb Dieback in Almond
Lower Limb Dieback in Almond Project No.: Project Leader: 8-PATH6-Lampinen Bruce Lampinen Department of Plant Sciences UC Davis One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616 email: bdlampinen@ucdavis.edu Project Cooperators
More informationIRRIGATION CAPACITY IMPACT ON LIMITED IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND CROPPING SYSTEMS
Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Burlington, CO., February 22-23, 2011 Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, Kansas IRRIGATION CAPACITY IMPACT ON LIMITED IRRIGATION
More informationUsing Radiation Thermometry to Assess Spatial Variation of Water Stressed Cotton
Using Radiation Thermometry to Assess Spatial Variation of Water Stressed Cotton Susan A. O Shaughnessy, Agricultural Engineer USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX, 79012 Susan.OShaughnessy@ARS.USDA.GOV
More informationStrategies to Maximize Income with Limited Water
Strategies to Maximize Income with Limited Water Tom Trout Research Leader, Agricultural Engineer USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit Ft. Collins, CO 970-492-7419 Thomas.Trout@ars.usda.gov The best
More informationLower Limb Dieback in Almond
Lower Limb Dieback in Almond Project No.: Project Leader: Project Cooperators: -PATH6-Lampinen Bruce Lampinen Dept. of Plant Sciences UC Davis One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 566 bdlampinen@ucdavis.edu Jim
More informationThird Year Report: Precision Canopy and Water Management
UC Davis Report Third Year Report: Precision Canopy and Water Management 1. Canopy Management: Lightbar data: A third generation canopy PAR interception system retrofitted on to a Kawasaki Mule was used
More informationOn-the-Fly Tree Caliper Measurement
An ASABE Meeting Presentation Paper Number: 1009441 On-the-Fly Tree Caliper Measurement Wenfan Shi, Sanjiv Singh, Marcel Bergerman Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 James
More informationNew Approaches to Almond Nutrient Management. Sebastian Saa-Silva, Saiful Muhammad, Patrick Brown UC-Davis
New Approaches to Almond Nutrient Management Sebastian Saa-Silva, Saiful Muhammad, Patrick Brown UC-Davis New Approaches to Almond Nutrient Management Part 1: Leaf Sampling And Interpretation Methods.
More informationTillage and Irrigation Capacity Effects on Corn Production
An ASABE Meeting Presentation Paper Number: 072283 Tillage and Irrigation Capacity Effects on Corn Production Freddie R. Lamm, Professor and Research Irrigation Engineer KSU Northwest Research-Extension
More informationJ. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117(4):
J. AMER. Soc. HORT. SCI. 117(4):607-611. 1992. Stem-water Potential as a Sensitive Indicator of Water Stress in Prune Trees (Prunus domestica L. cv. French) Harold McCutchan 1 and K.A. Shackel Department
More informationVariable Upper and Lower Crop Water Stress Index Baselines for Corn and Soybean
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications Biological Systems Engineering 2006 Variable Upper and Lower Crop
More informationSimulated Effects of Dynamic Row Spacing on Energy and Water Conservation in Semi-Arid Central California Greenhouses
Simulated Effects of Dynamic on Energy and Water Conservation in Semi-Arid Central California Greenhouses A. Moya, T. Mehlitz, I. Yildiz and S.F. Kelly Department of BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
More informationSpatial distribution of water status in irrigated olive orchards by thermal imaging
Precision Agric (2014) 15:346 359 DOI 10.1007/s11119-013-9331-8 Spatial distribution of water status in irrigated olive orchards by thermal imaging Nurit Agam Eran Segal Aviva Peeters Asher Levi Arnon
More informationMonitoring physiological responses to water stress in two maize varieties by infrared thermography
September, 2011 Vol. 4 No.3 7 Monitoring physiological responses to water stress in two maize varieties by infrared thermography Shamaila Zia 1, Klaus Sophrer 2, Du Wenyong 3, Wolfram Spreer 1, Giuseppe
More informationModelling potato growth and development with parameters derived from remotely sensed data
Modelling potato growth and development with parameters derived from remotely sensed data Carolina Barreda 1, Carla Gavilán 1, and Roberto Quiroz 1 1 International Potato Center c.barreda@cgiar.org c.gavilan@cgiar.org
More informationIn most areas of California, a mature walnut orchard
159 20 Irrigation Scheduling for Walnut Orchards DAVID A. GOLDHAMER In most areas of California, a mature walnut orchard has the potential to use about 42 acre-inches of water per acre. This equates to
More informationNEW DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATION SCHEDULING
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATION SCHEDULING Tom Trout Research Leader USDA-ARS Water Management Research Fort Collins, CO 80526 Voice: 970-492-7419 Fax: 970-492-7408 Email:Thomas.Trout@ars.usda.gov Background
More informationIMPACT OF KAOLIN PARTICLE FILM ON LIGHT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT AND RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY OF PISTACHIO (Pistachia vera)
AgroLife Scientific Journal - Volume 6, Number 2, 2017 ISSN 2285-5718; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5726; ISSN ONLINE 2286-0126; ISSN-L 2285-5718 IMPACT OF KAOLIN PARTICLE FILM ON LIGHT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT AND
More informationUnderstanding Your Orchard s Water Requirements
reducing runoff from irrigated lands PUBLICATION 8212 Understanding Your Orchard s Water Requirements Lawrence J. Schwankl, UC Cooperative Extension Irrigation Specialist; Terry L. Prichard, UC Cooperative
More informationA Lot Aggregation Optimization Model for Minimizing Food Traceability Effort
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Conference Proceedings and Presentations Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 6-2009 A Lot Aggregation Optimization Model for Minimizing Food Traceability Effort
More informationUse of infrared thermography to detect water deficit response in an irrigated cotton crop
Use of infrared thermography to detect water deficit response in an irrigated cotton crop J. Padhi 1, R.K. Misra 2* and J.O. Payero 3 1 Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, National Centre for Engineering
More informationECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPED BY THE PACIFIC AREA-WIDE PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPED BY THE PACIFIC AREA-WIDE PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Karen Klonsky*, University of California, Davis, Bruce Lampinen, UC Davis, and Greg Browne, ARS Ultimately,
More informationWeather-Driven Crop Models
Weather-Driven Crop Models James W. Jones Agricultural & Biological Engineering University of Florida Weather-Driven Crop Models Rationale Crop Model Concepts Effects of Weather Variables on Growth and
More information14, 2009 MANAGING MID-SEASON ALMOND IRRIGATION, HULL ROT & REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION
Lat Kern County i 1031 S. Mt. Vernon Ave i Bakersfield CA 93307 i Telephone: (661) 868-6218 Kern Almond Field Meeting July 14, 2009 MANAGING MID-SEASON ALMOND IRRIGATION, HULL ROT & REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION
More informationSatellite based yield and water use targets for horticultural crops grown in SE Australia
Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage IV 267 Satellite based yield and water use targets for horticultural crops grown in SE Australia M. G. O Connell, D. M. Whitfield, A. T. McAllister, L. McClymont, M.
More informationImproving the precision of irrigation in a pistachio farm using an unmanned airborne thermal system
DOI./s---z ORIGINAL PAPER Improving the precision of irrigation in a pistachio farm using an unmanned airborne thermal system V. Gonzalez Dugo D. Goldhamer P. J. Zarco Tejada E. Fereres Received: November
More informationManaging Pistachio Nutrition. Patrick Brown Muhammad Ismail Siddiqui
Managing Pistachio Nutrition Patrick Brown Muhammad Ismail Siddiqui How Should I Fertigate? Focus on N, K (and Mg) What tools (leaf, soil, water) should I be using, and how? All of them, plus a little
More informationDevelopment of an energy balance model to estimate stomatal conductance as an indicator of plant stress
Development of an energy balance model to estimate stomatal conductance as an indicator of plant stress Juan C. Suárez 1, Georgios Xenakis 1, Magdalena Smigaj 2, Roberto Antolín 1,3 1. Centre for Sustainable
More informationOptimizing irrigation requirements for almond trees grown in the South Sinai Governorate
Research Paper Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society 5 (2) Autumn 2017 Optimizing irrigation requirements for almond trees grown in the South Sinai Governorate A. A Farag* 1, M A. A
More informationOptimal Corn Management with Diminished Well Capacities
This is not a peer-reviewed article. 5th National Decennial Irrigation CD-ROM Proceedings Phoenix Convention Center, 5-8 December 2010, Phoenix, AZ USA M. Dukes ed. St Joseph Mich: ASABE ASABE Publication
More informationFigure 1: Schematic of water fluxes and various hydrologic components in the vadose zone (Šimůnek and van Genuchten, 2006).
The evapotranspiration process Evapotranspiration (ET) is the process by which water is transported from the earth surface (i.e., the plant-soil system) to the atmosphere by evaporation (E) from surfaces
More informationCover Crops, Mulch Lower Night Temperatures in Citrus
California Agriculture. 1999. 53(5):37-40. Cover Crops, Mulch Lower Night Temperatures in Citrus Neil V. O'Connell and Richard L. Snyder Winter often brings cold temperatures that can damage fruit or foliage
More informationSummer deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard cv. Arbequina: relationship between soil and tree water status, and growth and yield components
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2013 11(2), 547-557 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013112-3360
More informationIrrigation Management and Technologies to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Potential Application in Avocado Production
Irrigation Management and Technologies to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Potential Application in Avocado Production Khaled M. Bali, Ben Faber, and Daniele Zaccaria UC Kearney Agricultural Center, UCCE-Ventura
More informationNitrogen Management and Budgeting. Gabriele Ludwig Almond Board of California
Nitrogen Management and Budgeting Gabriele Ludwig Almond Board of California Workshop: Management of Nitrogen in Almonds Patrick Brown, Professor, University of California, Davis Blake Sanden, Farm Advisor
More informationNutrient Management in Walnuts. Katherine Pope UCCE Sacramento, Solano & Yolo Counties Sac-Solano-Yolo Walnut Day Feb 23 rd, 2016
Nutrient Management in Walnuts Katherine Pope UCCE Sacramento, Solano & Yolo Counties Sac-Solano-Yolo Walnut Day Feb 23 rd, 2016 Nitrogen Management Overview Why is nitrogen important Nitrogen in soil,
More informationSimulation of Potential Growth of Sugarcane in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Simulation of Potential Growth of Sugarcane in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka K. Sarunuganathan and G.C.L. Wyseure 1 Sugarcane Research Institute Uda Walawe. ABSTRACT. A crop growth model was developed to simulate
More informationConclusions and future directions
Chapter 4 Conclusions and future directions 4.1 Summary of this work 4.1.1 Canopy-scale model A canopy model combining biochemical and inverse Lagrangian approaches has been presented. Source distributions
More informationAlmond Irrigation, Water Stress and Productivity: Where do Drought & Deficit Irrigation Research Fit In?
lmond Irrigation, Water Stress and Productivity: Where do Drought & Deficit Irrigation Research Fit In? Ken Shackel, UD Plant Sciences January, 2008 Some drought irrigation history: a) 1989 1991. Irrigation
More informationThe Pomology Post. Rational Early Season Drought Planning for Almond Growers
University of California Cooperative Extension The Pomology Post Madera County Volume 59, March 2009 Rational Early Season Drought Planning for Almond Growers by Dave Goldhamer, Ph.D., Extension Water
More informationThermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces
International Conference Passive and Low Energy Cooling 761 Thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces N. Gaitani and M. Santamouris University of Athens, Department of Physics, Division of Applied Physics,
More informationWalnut Blight Management
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION GLENN COUNTY P.O. Box 697 (821 E. South St.), Orland, CA 95963 (530)865-1107 FAX (530)865-1109 February 23, 2012 Vol. XIII, No. 1 In This Issue Walnut Blight
More informationUse of Trunk Growth Rate as Criteria for Automatic Irrigation Scheduling on Table Grapes Cv. Crimson Seedless, Irrigated by Drip
Use of Trunk Growth Rate as Criteria for Automatic Irrigation Scheduling on Table Grapes Cv. Crimson Seedless, Irrigated by Drip G. Selles, R. Ferreyra R. Ahumada and I. Muñoz, H. Silva Instituto Investigaciones
More informationCOMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT Wes Asai, Paul Verdegaal, Warren Micke, Beth Teviotdale
COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT 1993-94 Project No. 93-H5 - Effects of Water Supply and Irrigation Strategies on Almonds Project Leader: Cooperating Personnel: Terry L. Prichard, Water Management Specialist
More informationAssessing crop water stress of winter wheat by thermography under different irrigation regimes in North China Plain
September, 2012 Int J Agric & Biol Eng Open Access at http://www.ijabe.org Vol. 5 No.3 1 Assessing crop water stress of winter wheat by thermography under different irrigation regimes in North China Plain
More informationInteractions of Crop and Cooling Equipment on Greenhouse Climate
Interactions of Crop and Cooling Equipment on Greenhouse Climate A. Perdigones and V. Pascual Universidad Católica de Ávila, Dpto. Ingeniería Agroforestal y Cartográfica C/ Canteros, 05005 Ávila Spain
More information