Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation: Country Initiatives Sri Lanka Major General Gamini Hettiarachchi (Retd.

Transcription

1 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation: Country Initiatives Sri Lanka Major General Gamini Hettiarachchi (Retd.) Director General Disaster Management Centre (DMC) Ministry of Disaster Management, Government of Sri Lanka

2 Why CCA& DRR needs to be incorporated into National & Sectoral Development Planning processes? o o o o o o o o Climate change & Disasters have an enormous impact on development Disasters and climate change impacts may have a significant affects on various sectors of development Agriculture, Urban, Rural Housing settlements, Health & Education Water Road infrastructure Local Government Power & Energy Environment The scare resources that are programmed for development are often diverted for relief and rehabilitation efforts. To minimize losses & damages due to disasters

3 Disasters that have occurred in 2011 Two disaster events occurred due to heavy rainfall in North East, North Central, Uva and Central Provinces. Floods and Landslides January 2011 Floods and Landslides : February 2011 Source : DMC - EOC

4 Rainfall Condition Max Rainfall: 312.2mm (Jan 8,2011) B attic aloa Dec 1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar Max Rainfall: 232.4mm (Feb 3,2011) Polonnarwa Dec 1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar Max Rainfall: 236.2mm (Jan 11,2011) Ampara Dec 1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 4 [Source ] Department of Meteorology

5 Comparison of rainfall in selected towns during 1 st 20 th January and 1 st 6 th February 2011 with 30-year average Town Total Rainfall 1-20 January (mm) 30 year Average for 1-20 January (mm) Total Rainfall 1-6 February (mm) 30 year Average for the month of February (mm) Anuradhapura Badulla Batticaloa Kurunegala Maha Illuppallama Pottuvil Trincomalee Vavuniya Mihintale Ampara Monaragala Polonnaruwa ** Source : Department of Meteorology [

6 Flood Inundation Mapping, East and North Central Provinces-2011 Floods shown in red color Near Real Time Satellite Images from JAXA, Analyzed by DMC Floods shown in red color

7 Population Affected January 2011 February 2011 District Date Affected Affected Date Families People Families People Trincomalee Matale Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Badulla Vavunia Nuwara Eliya Kandy Ampara Puttalam Kegalle Mannar Monaragala Batticaloa Kurunegala Mullaitivu Kilinochchi Rathnapura GRAND TOTAL Source : DMC - EOC

8 Deaths and Injured January 2011 February 2011 District Deaths Injured Deaths Injured Matale Polonnaruwa 2 2 Badulla Vavunia Nuwara Eliya 0 6 Kandy Ampara Monaragala Kalutara 1 2 Batticaloa Rathnapura 0 2 GRAND TOTAL Source : DMC - EOC

9 Population Displaced due to Flood January 2011 February 2011 District Date IDP Camp IDP Camp Date Nos. Families Persons Nos. Families Persons Trincomalee Matale Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Badulla Vavunia Nuwara Eliya Kandy Ampara Puttalam Mannar Monaragala Batticaloa Mullaitivu Kilinochchi GRAND TOTAL Source : DMC - EOC

10 Housing Sector-2011 District 26 th December th January 2011 Houses Damaged Fully Partially Total Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) 01 st 05 th February 2011 Houses Damaged Fully Partially Total Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) Batticaloa Polonnaruwa Monaragala Nuwara Eliya Anuradhapura Badulla Kegalla Kandy Ampara Vavuniya Matale Puttalam Kurunegala Kilinochchi Total Total Cost of Damage for Housing Sector Rs. Mn Source : Department of National Planning

11 Agricultural Crops Damages-2011 Flood Damage Paddy Cultivation January & February 2011 Details of the Damage (ha) Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) Maha January ,794 10, Feb , Total Damage to Other Field Crops, Vegetables & Fruits (ha.) Due to both floods in January & February 2011 Province Maize Chillie Pulses Vegetables Fruits North , North-East 6, ,568 1, North Central 1,746 2,086 7,600 5, North Western Central ,962 - Total Extent Affected (ha) Total Cost of Damage for other field crops Rs. Mn Total Cost of Damage for Agriculture Rs. Mn Source : Department of National Planning

12 Livestock Damages-2011 Damage to Livestock due to Floods during 26 th December th January 2011 Province District No of Animals Affected Cattle Buffalos Goats Poultry Eastern Ampara 21,000 6, ,000 Batticaloa 65,625 27,125 28, ,000 Trincomalee 9,000 6,250 5,625 11,250 North Central Anuradhapura 10,000 2,000 Northern Polonnaruwa 16,375 2,500 25,000 Vavunia & Mullativu 2,000 1,500 5,000 Total 124,000 33,375 46, ,250 Cost of Damage(Rs. Mn) 1, ** Source : Department of National Planning Total Cost of Damage for Livestock Rs. Mn 1922

13 Damaged Irrigation Schemes-2011 Estimate of Flood Damage Repairs to Irrigation Schemes and Flood mitigation measures, under irrigation Department Assessment by 08 th February 2011 District Details of the damage Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) Ampara 05 Schemes 400 Anuradhapura 36 Schemes 400 Batticaloa 08 Schemes 300 Badulla 10 Schemes 51 Hambantota 09 Schemes 40 Kandy 05 Schemes 17 Kegalle 01 Schemes 1 Matale 07 Schemes 97 Nuwara Eliya 03 Schemes 5 Polonnaruwa 16 Schemes 300 Trincomalee 09 Schemes 250 Monaragala 10 Schemes 55 Kurunegala 05 Schemes 55 Puttalam 06 Schemes 60 Vavuniya 03 Schemes 70 Mannar 03 Schemes 225 System Scheme Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) Mahaweli System B Channel System System L Channel System System C Channel System Kala Wewa Dambulla 200 Total Cost of Damage for Irrigation Rs. Mn 3000 Renovation of minor tanks in Island wide flood control & mitigation in the vicinity of major & medium schemes Total Cost of Damage (Irrigation Department) ** Source - Department of National Planning

14 Damages of Road Sector-2011 Province National Roads Provincial Roads Estimated Total Cost Damage Bridges Estimated Damage Estimate of length & Cost of length d improvement * Improveme (km) Structu (km) Cost of (Rs. Mn) nt res improve (Rs. Mn) ment (Rs. Mn) Central , Eastern , , North Central , North Western , Northern ,140 1, Sabaragamuwa , Uva , , Total 2, ,959 3,237 5,957 49,916 Note: * - Improvement cost for roads that have been committed for rehabilitation are not include ** Source - Department of National Planning Total Cost of Damage for Road Sector Rs. Mn 49916

15 District Damage to Drinking Water Supply January 2011 Number of wells affected Pipe borne water system damaged Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) Number of wells affected Damage to Drinking Water Supply February 2011 Pipe borne water system damaged Cost of Damage (Rs. Mn) Total Cost of Damage Batticaloa 102,591 One pump house ,000 Damages to pipe lines Break Ampara 116, m ,000 down of pumps transmission Damage to line and a pump bunds Damage house ti intakes Trincomalee 65, Polonnaruwa Bore hole wells and pipe broke down Anuradhapura Bore hole wells ,000 Pumps, Generators, Panel Boards, bore holes Matale Breakdown of Kandy pipelines, pumps Damage Nuwaraeliya to intakes Kurunegala Water & Sanitation-2011 Gokarella WSS, Weir damage Mannar 1,000 Pumps, Generators, Vavuniya 1,000 Panel Boards Total 285, , Source : Department of National Planning Total Cost of Damage for Drinking Water Supplies Rs. Mn 1710

16 Economic impact of Extreme weather events For an example; Economic impact on each Sector due to 2011 floods in Sri Lanka Housing Sector Damages $ million Agricultural Crop Damages $ million Livestock Damages $19.22 million Irrigation Network Damages $30.00 million Road sector Damages $ million Water & Sanitation $17.10 million TOTAL DAMAGE $ million approx.

17 Mainstreaming DRR & CCA into National Development planning process Support to Planning and Finance Ministry Objective is to increase the knowledge on DRR among the planners at Department of National Planning, Department of Budget, under the Ministry of Finance & Planning, GoSL Key Outcomes: A Training Manual was developed on Mainstreaming DRR into National Planning Provided training for the staff of Ministry of Finance & Planning Basic appraisal tools such as Land use maps, land zonation maps were introduced This activity was supported by ADPC under the Regional Consultative Committee for Disaster Management

18 Planning tools to Mainstream DRR & CCA into National Planning Development of the National Risk Profile for Sri Lanka as a planning tool Objective is to determine the probability of hazard events occurring across different regions of the Sri Lanka based on geological evidence, historical data, and projections derived from theoretical analysis for major hazards, 1. Coastal Hazards 2. Landslides 3. Drought 4. Cyclones 5. Floods Key Outcomes: Effective Management of Hazards through better planning at National Level A project supported by UNDP Development of the National Risk Profile for Sri Lanka as a planning tool

19 Landslides hazard map Storm Surge Map

20 Tsunami hazard map Tsunami inundation map of Jaffna area Benefits of hazard maps: For land use planning Identifying hazards areas prior to investments Construct hazard resistant buildings Prepare contingency plans and preparedness and response plans

21 Develop Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessments (ISEA) as a Planning tool to Mainstream DRR & CCA into Regional Planning Objectives are to Integrate CCA & DRR into regional development plans and programmes Allow for systemic data gathering by technical agencies in the field and promote data sharing Key Outcomes : conducted at the Northern Province Uva Province & and Gampaha districts environment sustainability, climate change and disaster risk reduction measured are incorporated in strategic decision making and planning processes at regional level. A project supported by UNDP Strategic Environmental Assessment (ISEA), conducted at the North, Uva, and Gampaha districts

22 Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessments (ISEA)

23 Activities assist to Mainstream DRR & CCA into Regional Planning of Sri Lanka Dam Safety Preparedness Planning Objective is to strengthen the capacity of the vulnerable community to Dam associated hazards Key Outcomes: Prepared Community level Dam Safety Preparedness Plans Enhanced capacity of vulnerable communities Strengthened Dam Safety Preparedness coordination mechanism strengthen disaster management capacities in Sri Lanka Objective is to strengthen preparedness and emergency response capacities of disaster management committees Key Outcomes: Improvement of disaster management skills Capacity use of spatial information for effective response A project supported by UN OCHA

24 Identification of vulnerable areas which assist to Mainstream DRR & CCA into Regional Planning Tsunami Warning Tower Locations Disaster Management Communication and Response Capacity Development Project 10 0'0"N 79 0'0"E Ref No. Ampara Batticaloa 9 0'0"N Colombo Galle Gampaha Hambanthota Jaffna 8 0'0"N Kalutara Kilinochchi Mannar Matara Mullaitivu Puttalam 7 0'0"N 80 0'0"E 81 0'0"E 82 0'0"E Active Tower Locations District Trincomalee Location Cassim Road, Kalmunaikudy 10, Kalmunai New Play Ground Road, Karaitivu 04, Karaitivu Hospital Road, Ninthavur 04, Ninthavur DS Office, Thirukkovil 02, Thirukkovil Samudragiri Vihara, Sinhala Maha Vidyalaya Road, Pothuvil Komari 02 Uriyan Kaddu, Vakarai, Batticaloa Kaluwankerny, Chenkalady, Batticaloa Kalkuda, Valaichchenai, Battcaloa Kallady, Batticaloa Kattan Kudy South, Batticaloa Koddai Kallar South, Kaluwanchikudy, Batticaloa Puthukkudiruppu North Lunawa Hospital, Egodauyana South, Moratuwa Arfath Muslim College, Egodauyana, Moratuwa Mt Lavinia Mattakkuliya G/Sri Devananda College Ambalangoda Purana Totagamu Ratpath Rajamaha Viharaya, Telwatta Rathnodayaramaya, Rathgama Junction, Rathgama G/Vidyaloka College, Galle Coast Conservation Department, Regional Office Unawatuna G/Shariputhra Maha Vidyalaya, Ahangama No. 20A, Brahmanawatta North St. Stephen's Church, Negombo Town Basiyawatta Primary School, Basiyawatta Don Bosco Headquarters, Dungalpitiya Preethipura Childrens Home, Palliyawatta North 77A Kammaltara Muslim Vidyalaya, Kirinda Police Station, Hambantota Fisheries Port, Godavaya, Ambalantota Vehera 09, Bata Atha South, Hungama Oruwella, Rekawa, Netolpitiya Wijesundararamaya, Danketiya, Tangalle Fisheries Port, Kudawella Sisilasagama J 30 Uduththurai Delft Centre Manatkadu J/418 Valvatithurai North Army Camp, Nalluruwa, Panadura Tangarine Beach Hotel, Kaluthara North St. Phillip Church, Katukurunda Beruwala Abinawaramaya, Hettikanda St. Mary's Church Maggona, Kaluthara Payagala Wadduwa Ponamkaddi /kn/76 ArippuEast Vankalai Thalaimannar Pier East Police Station Weligama Fisheries harbour, Mirissa Raja Maha Viharaya, Polhena Sanath Jaysooriya Stadium, Matara Puranawella fisheries harbour, Devinuwara Police Station Dikwella Naotunna South 442 Kokkulai West Allampili South Kovilkudiyiruppu Mulliwakkal West Ampalavan pokkanai Rural Hospital, Udappuwa Barudelpola, Kudamaduwella Mahawewa Ariyapura Fisheries Village, Kadawatha, Vennappuwa 577 Weralabada Nilaveli Tamil Maha Vidyalayam, Kuchchceveli Central Bus Stand, Trincomalee Al Hira Maha Vidyalayam, Kinniya Tharul Janna Vidyalayam, Muthur Elangathurai Mugaththuwaram GTMS, Echchilampathu Pulmoddai Jaffna 40 JJ aa ff ff nn aa! K K ii ll ll ii n oo cc h cc hh i 49 57! Killinochchi M M uu ll aa ii tt ii vv uu 56! 55 Mullaitivu 54 52! 53 Mannar M M aa nn nn aa rr V V aa vv uu nn ii yy aa 50! Vavuniya 69 70! $ 1 Trincomalee Anuradhapura! A A nn uu rr aa dd hh aa pp uu rr aa T T rr ii nn cc oo m m aa ll ee ee 73 7 $ 1! Puttalam P P oo ll oo nn nn aa rr uu w w aa P P uu tt tt aa ll aa m m! Polonnaruwa 8 65 B B aa tt tt ii cc aa ll oo aa9 M M aa tt aa ll ee Batticaloa K K uu rr uu nn ee gg aa ll aa ! Kurunegala! 66 Matale 12! K K aa nn dd yy! G G aa m m pp aa hh aa $ 1! Gampaha $ 1! Colombo $ 1! $ 1! Kandy Kegalla 23 Ampara A Am m pp aa rr aa K K ee gg aa ll ll ee B B aa dd u l ll aa Nuwara Eliya! $ 1! Badulla 6 N N uu w w aa rr aa E E ll ii yy aa Monaragala C C oo ll oo m m bb oo! K K aa ll uu tt aa rr aa 43 Kalutara!$ M M oo nn ee rr aa gg aa ll aa ! $ Ratnapura R R aa tt hh nn aa pp uu rr aa G G aa ll ll ee 19 H H aa m m bb aa nn tt oo tt aa '0"N M M aa tt aa rr aa 34 Galle 21! 22 Matara 23 $! $ 1! Hambantota Legend 1 $ Tower Location in function Emergency Operation Centre # Building! District Main Town Main Road District Boundary Map data source: DMC, Sri Lanka Disaster Management Centre of Sri Lanka (DMC) Ministry of Disaster Management Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 7. Tel: +94 (11) , Fax: +94 (11) , Website: Disclaimers: The boundaries and names shown and the designations Creation Date: 29 Mar 2012 Projection/Datum: Transverse Mercator / Kandawala Kilometers Map Doc Name: OCHA/LK/DMC/Tsunami Tower/ 001/ V United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian affairs Sri Lanka , Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Tel: +94 (11) , Fax: +94 (11) , ochasrilanka@un.org, Website: Produced through the generous support of: Area Detail

25 Mainstreaming DRR into Local Government Objective is to increase the resilient at local level by strengthening the policy framework of the country Key Outcomes: Recently gazetted National Policy on Local Government clearly identifies the importance of the disaster risk reduction, prevention and preparedness at local level 15 Local Authorities were actively engaged in Resilient Cities Campaign with the assistance of various stakeholders These activities were supported by ADPC under the Regional Consultative Committee for Disaster Management, while resilient campaign was initiated by UNISDR with the assistance of Ministry of Disaster Management, Practical Action, UNHABITAT etc

26 Mainstreaming DRR into housing Sector planning processes Objective is to increased the use of hazard resilient housing designs and incorporating Disaster risk information in land subdivision process at local level Key Outcomes: A strong partnerships were developed among the planning, regulatory and technical agencies DRR was incorporated into Planning, Designing and Construction process of two preselected estate housing projects in Sri Lanka Guideline was developed to incorporate DRR into estate housing projects of NHDA Training Manual was developed to train the Technical Officers at Sub national land local levels Land Subdivision was completed based on contour maps at two estate housing development sites with the assistance of National Hosing Development Authority Draft National Housing Policy incorporates the DRR concerns This activity was supported by ADPC under the Regional Consultative Committee for Disaster Management

27 Mainstreaming DRR into housing Sector planning processes

28 Mainstreaming DRR into Sectoral planning processes (Coastal Management & Urban Development) Objective is to increased the use of hazard information into coastal Management and Urban Development planning processes Key Outcomes: A strong partnerships were developed among the planning and regulatory authorities Revised the coastal permit (application) procedures to incorporate DRR aspects in to Coastal Management Opportunity was given by the Coastal Conservation & Coastal Resource Department to DMC to comment on EIA reports for Development projects in Coastal Zone A checklist was developed to incorporate DRR into local level building approval process Hazard information was used to delineate the land use zones at Kanthale urban declared area as pilot project A planning guideline urban disaster mitigation was developed to incorporate DRR into Urban Development Planning process This activity was supported by ADPC under the Regional Consultative Committee for Disaster Management

29 Mainstreaming DRR into Sectoral planning processes (Coastal Management & Urban Development)

30 Mainstreaming DRR & CCA into Agricultural Sector Developed practitioners' guide book on best agricultural practices for floods and drought supported to conduct two researches to identify paddy varieties to resist with high soil salinity and flood conditions Mitigating drought risk of the farmers in Kindilliya (a village in the dry zone) by rehabilitating an abandoned tank Rehabilitation of cascading small tank system in the dry zone The overall objectives of the interventions in agriculture are to share the best practices and knowledge gained through scientific researches on DRR & CCA in Agriculture among most vulnerable farmer groups. Key Outcomes: Sharing indigenous knowledge and develop capacities of the communities and government agricultural institutes to reduce Disaster and Climate Risks. Make awareness in the vulnerable farmer groups on best adaptation methods not only based on historical data but also considering future predictions on climate change The projects supported by UNDP

31 Mainstreaming DRR & CCA into Agricultural Sector Rehabilitation of irrigation systems Drought resistant paddy varieties Saline resistant paddy varieties The projects supported by UNDP

32 Mainstreaming DRR into Education Objective is to improve awareness of school children on the subject Key Outcomes: Develop educational materials and programmes on Disaster Risk Management Finalize the school supplementary books on disasters (Books on Landslides, Floods, Cyclones, Drought, Lightning, First Aid, Tsunami, Coastal Hazards, Earthquakes, Human Induced Disasters) Develop the 2 nd Volume of the book Landslide Risk Reduction Develop Disaster Snake and Ladder Games Develop the computer version of the Disaster Snake and Ladder Games Print the booklet on Care of Children Affected by Disasters Develop and print a poster on Prevention from Lightning The projects supported by UNDP

33 Mainstreaming DRR into Road Sector Application of Disaster Impact Assessment (DIA) in Road Development Sector Background: Road network throughout the country is one key sector of development priorities in Sri Lanka Road sector associated disasters are inevitable with the road development / improvements Impacts of disasters on roads network results high costs and reduce the sustainability and safety of the road network project supported by JICA

34 Mainstreaming DRR into Road Sector Objective is to incorporate DRR into road sector development projects by developing disaster impact assessment (DIA) mechanism within the sector Checklist approach were used to assess, Project designs, Constructions and Operational steps Key Outcomes: Road sector Development projects adopt self evaluation system to reduce the impact of disasters Development projects assured safe designs, constructions and operations of roads project supported by JICA

35 Link between Disasters & Development Development Realm Development can Increase Vulnerability Development can reduce vulnerability Disasters can set back Development Disaster can provide development opportunities Disaster Realm

36 Strategies available at present to incorporate DRR in the development projects Use Integrated Strategic Environment Assessment recommendation in future development Assess disaster impacts of future projects with a view to mitigate Use of hazard zonation maps developed at present for identified hazards Incorporate hazard maps of urban areas in preparing Urban Development Plans. Awareness programme for public and govt to educate on the importance of mainstreaming DRR

37 Issues Linking Disasters with Sustainable Development DRR requirement falls into gaps between donor s humanitarian and development wings Assumption that poverty focused development will automatically reduce disasters Lack of analysis on whether DRR pays Incentives given for Disaster Risk Reduction does not guarantee short term rewards, which donors and political authorities expect

38 Major Challenges Disaster Risk Reduction is not adequately considered as a priority in Development Planning processes Inadequate enforcement and authoritative powers to implement and monitor disaster preparedness and mitigation measures Lack of technical and legal framework to integrate DRR into national & sect oral planning

39 Holistic approach to mainstream DRR & CCA o o o o o o o o o o Incorporate DRR & CCA into legal framework of the national, provincial and local government of the country Incorporate DRR & CAA into DM policy Develop regulations to enforce DRR & CCA all levels Develop integrated planning guidelines to mainstream DRR & CCA issues Incorporate DRR & CCA into policies of key sectors such as Agriculture, Urban, Rural Housing settlements, Health & Education Water & Sanitation Road infrastructure Local Government Power & Energy Environment Tourism And other key economic sectors

40 Holistic approach to mainstream DRR & CCA Hazard, Vulnerability and Exposure Risk assessment Developing Building guidelines, Codes, Publications, planning Tools Awareness, Training, Implementation and Supervision Land Use planning, integrating into development and urban plans

41 Integrated DRR & CCA into Development planning processes DRR & CCA Response Recovery Mainstreaming CCA & DRR in Development & sectoral planning Resilience of Key Economic Drivers/ Sectors Physical Planning & infrastructure Design Early Warning & Emergency Operation Mainstreaming DRR in Recovery, Rehabilitation & Reconstruction planning Economic planning Investment planning Budgeting & Financing Risk Transferring mechanisms Legislations Agriculture & Plantation Tourism Key Industries National Physical Planning Regional Planning Urban Planning Hazard Resilient housing & Infrastructure designs Search & Rescue End to end Early Warning Systems Preparedness & Response planning Emergency Operation Relief Supply Recovery planning Reconstruction Planning Planning Guidelines Damage & Loss assessments Risk Profiling CCA & Mitigation Safer Sri Lanka

42 Living and coping with uncertain disasters which may be the impacts of climate change is no longer a choice: it is an imperative Thank you