Sustainable Energy Initiatives in Sri Lanka

Transcription

1 Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, Sri Lanka Capacity Building Workshop on Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) October 2017, Colombo. Sustainable Energy Initiatives in Sri Lanka Thusitha Sugathapala Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Moratuwa.

2 OVERVIEW National Outlook Overview of the Energy Sector Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map The Strategic Directions The basis Sustainable Energy Initiatives Renewable Energy Development Rational Use of Energy - Energy Management - Knowledge Management 2

3 NATIONAL OUTLOOK Overview of the Energy Sector Major Hydro: 9.5% New RE: 2.9% Coal: 10.0% Primary Energy Supply by Source Oil 38.9% Biomass 38.8% Gross Electricity Generation of Grid Connected Power Plants New RE: 11.1% Thermal (Coal) Thermal (Oil) Major Hydro 33.7% 18.0% 37.1% Source: SLEB-2015, SLSEA 3

4 NATIONAL OUTLOOK Overview of the Energy Sector 7,000 Demand for fossil fuels 6,000 Coal Annual Sale (kton) 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 Furnace Oil Coal Gasoline Other Kerosene LPG Furnace Oil Gasoline 1,000 Diesel Diesel 0 Source: SLEB-2015, SLSEA Year 4

5 NATIONAL OUTLOOK Overview of the Energy Sector Impact of energy in GHG emissions LUCF 0.24% Waste 10.79% Industrial Processes 2.61% Agriculture 24.99% Energy 61.36% Household & Commercial 18.84% Refinery 2.34% Power sector 26.59% Gross Emission = 18,843 Gg CO 2eq Removal = 6,254 Gg CO 2eq Transport 43.97% Net Emission = 12,589 Gg CO 2eq (614 kg CO 2eq /Capita) Industry 8.26% Energy Sector Emissions = 11,562 Gg CO 2eq Source: UNFCCC 2 nd National Communication, Ministry of Environment. 5

6 NATIONAL OUTLOOK Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map Development vs Energy 0.7 This scenario may require three resource worlds 0.6 HDI World Sri Lanka One Earth Earth I Earth II Earth II The one resource world scenario of convergence and contraction of the energy consumption among all Countries Primary Energy Supply (kwh/capita/day) Source: Human Development Report 2015, UNDP 6

7 Low Human Development Global Ecological footprint = 2.6 gha NATIONAL OUTLOOK Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map Development vs Environment Medium Human Development High Human Development Very High Human Development Bio-capacity= gha Minumum global sustainable Sri Lanka development quadrant UN Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) Ecological Footprint per capita (gha) Source: Living Planet Report 2014, Global Footprint Network 7

8 NATIONAL OUTLOOK Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map Economic Efficiency vs Energy Competitive Industrial Performance Index Developing economies Developed economies Predicted trend Energy Intensity (ToE per $1,000 MVA) Sri Lanka Source: Industrial Development Report 2011, UNIDO 8

9 A tradeoff between Socio Economic Development Resource Security Environment Sustainability Transformational change in the energy sector B THE STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS A C Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: UN SDGs Energy Security Environment Sustainability Sustainable Energy (A) Developing Renewable Energy (B) Improving Energy Efficiency (C) Rational Use of Energy Socio-Economic Development Technology Interventions Systems and Behavioral Changes 9

10 Renewable Energy Development Strategic Approach RESOURCE MAPS Technical Potential RESOURCE INVENTORY Environmental Potential TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP Policy Targets 10

11 Renewable Energy Development Resource maps: Solar Wind Hydro (kwh/m 2 /yr) Low Medium High Source: SLSEA 11

12 Renewable Energy Development Source: SLSEA Resource inventory: No District Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Total 1 Ampara Anuradhapura Badulla Batticaloa Colombo Galle Gampha Hambantota Jaffna Kalutara Kandy Kegalle Kilinochchi Kurunegala Mannar Matale Matara Monaragala Mullaittivu Nuwara Eliya Polonnaruwa Puttalam Ratnapura Trincomalee Vavuniya Total

13 Challenges for Implementation SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES Renewable Energy Development Technology roadmap (for electricity) Waste / Agro-residues Solar Home Solar PV Net metering Micro-hydro Pico-hydro Mini Hydro Wind: Hill-country Wind: Onshore Mini Hydro: Low head Biomass: MSW Solar PV Mini Hydro: Irrigation Channels Biomass: Cogeneration Ice Storage OTEC 1 st Phase 2 nd Phase Pump Storage: Large-hydro Ocean Wave Wind: Offshore Biomass: Dendro power Biomass: Co-firing Transport Electrification Pump Storage: Lift irrigation 3 rd Phase Geothermal Small Hydro BAU (lighter pie) vs additional energy potential (darker pie) Today Towards Sustainable Energy Systems Time Horizon 13 CSP Hydrogen Storage Wind Biomass Solar Geothermal Ocean Storage Transport 2050+

14 Renewable Energy Development The Progress Solar PV rooftop - Net-metering: > 6,000 (> 50 MW) Cumulative Capacity Additions and Number of SPPs of NRE (during ) Installed Capacities (@25 Oct 2017) Source: SLSEA Type Commissioned Energy Permit Projects MW Projects MW Small Hydro Dendro Agro Waste + Biogas Municipal Waste Solar Wind Total

15 Renewable Energy Development Policy Targets: Electricity: NRE 20% by 2020 Environment: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) GHG reduction of 20% (4% unconditionally and 16% conditionally) during from all energy sector NDCs Mitigation actions in NRE - Establishment of 910 MW new renewable energy plants: Wind = 514 MW; Solar = 115 MW; Biomass = 105 MW small hydro = 176 MW; - Strengthening policies to increase share of NRE from the existing 50%, to 60% in 2020 and to maintain till Other mitigation sectors: Source: NDCs, Ministry of Environment - Industry: Continue fuel switching from furnace oil to biomass - Transport: Electric vehicles; Railway electrification - Waste: Waste to energy (WtE) programmes. 15

16 Rational Use of Energy Both Energy Management and Knowledge Management. The basic concept: Use Efficient Equipment Technology Interventions ENERGY kwh Systems and Behavioral Changes Use Equipment Efficiently 16

17 Rational Use of Energy Strategic interventions: Sector Power Transport Domestic Industry & Commercial Diverse and optimum RE based electricity generation mix Avoid / reduce demand System improvements & organizing System and Structural improvements Efficient energy storage systems Modal shift Strategic Intervention Less energy intensive life style Enhance production and resource efficiency Transmission network system for absorption & dispatch of REs Improve efficiency Energy efficient appliances Energy efficient processes & technologies Distribution network for decentralized generation and utilization of REs Cleaner fuels / REs Green building / Self generation - REs Green building / Increase use of REs 17 17

18 Rational Use of Energy Energy Management Plan (EnMaP) Area Regulation Services Interventions Accreditation of Energy Manager / Energy Auditor Mandatory Energy Auditing / Consumption Data Reporting Energy Efficient Building Code Energy Labelling of Appliances Fuel Economy Labelling for Vehicles (Proposed) Sector specific energy efficiency programmes (e.g. Hotels, Tea) Provide instruments for energy auditing Project formulation and implementation through ESCOs Establishment of Regional Center for Lighting (RCL) Energy audits (e.g. for government sector) 18 18

19 Rational Use of Energy Energy Management Plan (EnMaP) Area Awareness & Education Financing Interventions Introduction of Energy subject to school curricula Establishment of School Energy Clubs (SECs) Training for pre-school teachers / development of educational materials Scout Proficiency Programme on Energy Conservation Energy and Environment Course for Journalists Energy-Saving Kitchen programme for females/housewives General and specific training and awareness programmes Education for Sustainable Consumption & Production (ESCP) - Proposed National Energy Efficiency Awards ceremony, Energy Exhibition and Symposium Establishment of soft loan scheme for RE & EE Project implementation Sustainable Guarantee Facility Subsidies for energy efficient appliances 19 19

20 Rational Use of Energy Programmes & Activities 20

21 Rational Use of Energy Programmes & Activities Snakes & Ladders Board on Energy Saving 21

22 2017 Rational Use of Energy Energy Labelling of Appliances LED Lamps Computers 2009 Florescent Lamb Magnetic Ballasts Ceiling Fans Air-Conditioners r Domestic Refrigerators Tubular Fluorescent Lamps Compact Florescent Lamps (CFLs) Electric Motors 22

23 Rational Use of Energy Energy Labelling of Appliances 23

24 Rational Use of Energy National targets: Sector Annual Saving (GWh) Efficient Air Conditioning 85 Efficient Lighting 390 Efficient Refrigerators 160 Efficient Chillers 40 Efficient Motors 85 Efficient Fans 300 Green Building 45 Smart Homes 140 Total (by 2020) 1245 (10%) Further, DSM is identified as one of the seven mitigation actions of the energy sector NDCs to be implemented during

25 Thank You 25