passportization in 1997 of the centres of population of

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1 REFERENCES 1. [Agricultural production in the areas contaminated due to Chernobyl catastrophe in the remote period]. Edited by B. S. Prister. K.: Atika. 2007;196. Ukrainian. 2. [20 years of the Chernobyl catastrophe. Future outlook]. Natsionalna dopovid Ukrainy. tika. 2006;223. Ukrainian. 3. [Acceptable levels of 137 s and 90Sr radionuclides in foodstuffs and potable water. Hygienic regulations HR Active from ]. Natsionalnyi standart Ukrainy. 2006;22. Ukrainian. 4. Dutov, Zamula KhP. [Radiation and ecological aspects of agricultural raw materials production in the areas contaminated due to the Chernobyl catastrophe.] Ahroekolohichnyi Zhurnal. 2012;1: Ukrainian. 5. Likhtariov, Kovhan L, Vasylenko VV. [General dosimetric passportization and results of radiation monitoring of a person in the centres of population of Ukraine, which were exposed to radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl catastrophe]. Uzahalneni dani za Zbirka ;99. Ukrainian. 6. Likhtariov. [Retrospective-prognosticative doses of irradiation of the population and general dosimetric passportization in 1997 of the centres of population of Ukraine, which were exposed to radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl catastrophe]. Uzahalneni dani za Zbirka 7. Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine; Ukrainian. 7. [Press-release devoted to the 27th anniversary of the Chernobyl catastrophe for the parliamentary hearings "n the status, activities and prospects of overcoming the Chernobyl catastrophe"] Ministry of Health of Ukraine. 2013;7. Ukrainian. 8. [n additional measures to eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe. Decree of the President of Ukraine 348/93 from August 21] Ukrainian. 9. [Results of the activity of health care department: 2013]. 2014;172. Ukrainian. 10. Khomenko. [Studying the state of the provision of radioactively non-polluted foodstuffs for population in the areas of accidental releases of the Chernobyl nuclear power station]. Medychni perspektyvy. 2012;1: Ukrainian : : /.6..,..,....., 34,, 03057, Hygiene and ecology institute.. Bogomolets National Medical University Pobedy av., 34, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine -mail: antonenko1985@ukr.net :,,, c,, Key words: insecticides, abamectin, emamectin, toxicity, danger, acceptable daily intake....,.., :., - (1 ), (3), (4) / XI / 3 97

2 3, 2 - ( ), 3 4, 4. CF-1 - mdr 1, ,0002 / ( N EL 0,12, 600) - 0,001 / ( NEL 16- CF-1 0,1 /, 100). Abstract. Peculiarities of toxicodynamics and evaluation of hazard of the new avermectin class insecticides abamectin and emamectin. Shpak B.I., Antonenko A.M., Korshun M.M. Based on the expert-analytical study of literature and websites on the results of toxicological experiments of varying duration, a hygienic evaluation of the new class of insecticides macrocyclic lactones: abamectin and emamectin was done. It was found that by the parameters of acute oral and inhalation toxicity abamectin isreferred to a highly dangerous pesticides (class 1), by acute percutaneous toxicity to moderately dangerous (3), by irritating and allergenic action to low dangerous (4). According to LD 50 emamectin in single administration into the stomach and on the skin belongs to class 3, by acute inhalation toxicity and irritation of the mucous membranes to class 2 (dangerous), by skin irritation to 3-4 class, having allergenic potential 4 class of danger. CF-1 mice are animals most sensitive to the effects of avermectins due to polymorphism of their mdr 1a gene, coding P-glycoprotein. The main target organ to avermectin action was recognized to be the central nervous system. ADI of abamectin for humans was established at the level of 0,0002 mg/kg (the lowest NAEL by systemic toxicity for parent and offspring generation was set in the experiment studying reproductive toxicity on rats 0,12 mg/kg, a safety factor 600) and emamectin 0,001 mg/kg (the lowest NEL was established in 16-day experiment on CF-1 mice 0,1 mg/kg and a safety factor 100). 842.,, - [15] ,,,, [4, 5, 7]. -, Streptomyces avermitílis. - ( ) -, [3, 11]., -,, : -., 80% 1a 20% - 1b.,, 90% 1a 10% 1b (. 1) ( ).,, - -,, 98

3 ,. - ( ) - -, [6]. - [1, 8 10] 1 CAS 1 : b : : , 1 : : N 13 1b : N 13 1 : 873,11 1b : 859,08 1 : 886,1 1b : 872,1 : H H 3 C H H H H R H, H H 1 : R= 2 3 1b : R= 3 1 : R= 2 3 1b : R= 3,, -, < 3, (25 ) (21 º ), 1,21 (20 ) 31,0 (, / 3 6,5, 25 º ), / 3 20 : ,11 25 C: > ,077 - / (log Ko/w), 4,4±0,3 ( 7,2) 3,0 ( 5) 5,0 ( 7) 5,9 ( 9) 161,8 169, [1, 8 10, 12] (. 2) 14/ XI / 3,

4 ( ), - 3 ( - ), 4 ( ). - 3, - 2 ( ),, (3 4 ) - 4. [1, 8 10, 12] 2,,,,, 50, / 8,7 >73 < 92 [9] >83 <105 ( ) ( ) 58 ( ) ( ) [12],, 50, / >330 >2000 ( ),, > 34 < 51 50, / 3 >439 < ( ) 1893 ( ) [9] [12] 582 [9] >1049 ( ), 663 ( ) [12],, [9] [12], * * # : * ; #., -., CF-1, CD-1., 50 D /, CF / [14]. - CF-1 mdr 1 - ( «+/», «/») [9, 10, 14].,, - 0,8 / 17% CF-1, 83% CF-1 CD % CF-1., - - ( )., - CF-1 «/», 150, «+/+», «/» [9, 10, 12, 14]., - -., -,. - 7,, [10, 14]., 50 SD 11 /, SD 1,5 / [16]. 100

5 , - - -,. (10-10 ) ( )- -, -. -, -,, -. -., - [3, 9]. - -,,, - :,,, -,,,, -,,., [9, 10, 12, 13]., - [10, 14],,,., 50 SD - 11 /, 24 /. -,. -,,, [12]. -.,,, - 14/ XI / 3, - - CF-1 [10, 13], - [9, 12]., - -, [9, 12]. ECD 418, N EL - [10]. - :, ; - ; ; -. -,, [9, 12]. [9, 10, 12, 14], (. 3). in vitro (, V-79, -, ), in vivo ( ), - -., -, 4 [9, 10, 12]. - 4 [9, 10, 12]., (3 ) [9, 10, 12]. -,,, 101

6 (,, ) [10], 2. ( ) ( ), - (. 3), - ( ) - -, -. [9, 10, 12, 14] 3 ( ) N( )EL, / 0,25 (18 ) 0,25 (14 ) SD (13 ) 0,4 0,5 CD 4,0 0,5 (13 ) (1 ) 0,25 0,25 SD (2 ) CD (1,5 ) SD (2 ) CD (1,5 ) SD 1,5 0,25 4,0 2,5 2,0* 2,5* 8,0* 5,1* 1,6* ( ) 0,8 ( ) 2,0 ( ) 2,0 [9]; 4,0 [15] ( ) CF-1 1,0 ( ) 1,0 ( ) 0,05 ( ) 0,2 ( ) 3,0 ( ) 6,0 ( ) 0,4* ( ) 0,12 ( ) 0,6 ( ) ( ) 0,5 5,0, ( ) 1,6 (, 0,5 (, 13 ) 5 ) ( ) 0,6 ( ) 0,6 ( ) : 1. NEL no observed effect level,, 2. / 1, 3. *,., CF-1, -, - [9, 10, 12, 14]., [6]. -. N EL - 0,12 / (. 3). 102

7 CF-1,, CF-1 - (. 3) -,, (10), (10) ( 1 10), 6., - 0,0002 /., CF-1. NEL, 16- CF-1 0,1 /. -, -, -, 100, - (10) (10)., 0,001 /., -,, -,,., US EPA - ChRfD (Chronic reference dose) - 0,075 / [8]; ADI (Acceptabl Daily Intake) 0,0005 / [8, 9, 12]; ( ) 0,003 / [2]. US EPA RfD (Acute reference dose) 0,005 / [1]; ADI 0,0025 [10]; - 0,0001 / [2]. 1. [ ]: PPDB. : ( ): : /..,..,.. // , ( ), 3 ( ), 4 ( ). 3, 2 ( ),, (3 4 ) 4. 2., CF-1 -, CD-1, - mdr 1 -, (, - ) : - 0,0002 / ( N EL - - 0,12 /, 600) 0,001 / ( NEL CF-1-0,1 /, 100). /.. // /.. // : [ ]..:, /..,..,.. // [ ]: PPDB. : 14/ XI / 3 103

8 9. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance emamectin // EFSA J N 10 (11). P : Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance abamectin // EFSA Scientific Report Vol : Ecological risk assessment for emamectin benzoate use as a tree injection insecticide to control arthropod pests / Memorandum; United States Environmental Protection Agency : ws/csr_pc _13-jan-09_a.pdf Emamectine benzoate // FA Report P : MPR/Evaluation11/Emamectin.pdf Fisher M.H. Recent advances in avermectin research / M.H. Fisher // Pure Appl. Chem Vol.62, N7. P Jim Stevens. The avermectins: Insecticidal and antiparasitic agents / Jim Stevens, Charles B. Breckenridge // Handbook of pesticide toxicology. rlando, Florida: Academic Press, Vol. 1. P The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Food and agriculture ganization of the United Nations Rome, : REFERENCES 1. [Abamectin] [Internet]: Katalog pestitsidov. PPDB. Available from: Russian. 2. [Hygienic standards of pesticide content in the environment (a list): HS ]. Available from: 632/. Russian. 3. Zhulenko VN. [Avermectins and invermectins]. Veterinarnaya toksikologiya. 2011; Russian. 4. Kapranov SV. [Schematic diagram of the influence of environmental factors on the human vital activity]. Dovk llya ta zdorov ya. 2011;2: Russian. 5. Mel'nik PP. [Innovation activities in the field of plant protection]. Agrinkom. 2007;9 10: Ukrainian. 6. [Methodological guidelines for the hygienic assessment of new pesticides: MG ] Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya SSSR. 1988;210. Russian. 7. Toropova EYu. [Pesticides in the integrated plant protection]. Agrokhimiya. 2008;11: Russian. 8. [Emamectin] [Internet]. Katalog pestitsidov. PPDB. Available from: Russian. 9. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance emamectin. EFSA Journal. 2012;10(11):2955. Available from: Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance abamectin. EFSA Scientific Report, 2008;147:106. Available from: 147r.pdf. 11. Ecological risk assessment for emamectin benzoate use as a tree injection insecticide to control arthropod pests. Memorandum. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009;31. Available from: ws/csr_pc _13-jan-09_a.pdf. 12. Emamectine benzoate. FA Report. 2011; Available from: ation11/emamectin.pdf. 13. Fisher MH. Recent advances in avermectin. Pure and Appl. Chem. 1990;62(7): Stevens J, Charles BB. The avermectins: Insecticidal and antiparasitic agents. Handbook of pesticide toxicology. 2001;1: The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Food and agriculture ganization of the United Nations Rome, 2013;52. Available from: 104