AN ALTERNATIVE TO VACUUM ENHANCED MULTI-PHASE EXTRACTION. Allan Shea, P.Eng.
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1 AN ALTERNATIVE TO VACUUM ENHANCED MULTI-PHASE EXTRACTION Allan Shea, P.Eng. October 2003
2 Allan Shea BACKGROUND Experience has been mainly with: Above ground portion of mechanical remediation systems At sites that: Are contaminated with light hydrocarbons Vary greatly in size May have Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) present
3 VEMPE BACKGROUND 10 years ago, Vacuum Enhanced Multi-Phase Extraction (VEMPE) promised speedy and economical remediation of volatile hydrocarbons But some problems have not been fully resolved
4 VEMPE DEFINITIONS Vacuum Enhanced Multi-Phase Extraction (VEMPE) Soil Vapour Extraction (SVE) Liquids Pumping Dual-Phase Extraction (DPE) Liquid Ring Pump (LRP)
5 VEMPE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Use vacuum to extract contaminants from the subsurface Wells are typically screened in both the vadose (unsaturated) and the phreatic (saturated) zones
6 VEMPE Extraction Well SYSTEM OVERVIEW AIR INLET VACUUM GUAGE GATE VALVE GRADE BENTONITE SEAL LNAPL VAPOUR SOLID CASING EXTRACTION TUBE SLOTTED WELL SCREEN SAND PACK WATER
7 VEMPE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE VAPOR VAPOR/ GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL VACUUM PRESSURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE VAPOR VAPOR/ GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL
8 VEMPE SUITABILITY VEMPE IS MOST EFFECTIVE FOR: Volatile Contaminants LNAPL Contaminants Dissolved in Groundwater
9 VEMPE SUITABILITY VEMPE IS LEAST EFFECTIVE FOR: The Wrong Tool Contaminants that are inaccessible due to limited permeability of the soil Contaminants that are chemically or physically bound to soil particles
10 VEMPE ADVANTAGES OF VEMPE VEMPE IS POPULAR BECAUSE: Aggressive treatment Minimal equipment & piping Systems available off-the-shelf Well accepted technology
11 VEMPE CONCERNS WITH VEMPE More maintenance due to: High operating temperatures Demands of VEMPE service Consumes more power due to: LRP seal fluid pumping Bleed air at wellhead High piping pressure losses
12 ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTION COMPARISON Vapour flow from wells Bleed air flow at wellhead (30%) Water flow from wells Vacuum required at wells Pressure loss in piping Suction required at pump blower LRP horsepower Vapor blower horsepower Pneumatic pump air supply horsepower Total system horsepower Electrical power cost VEMPE 500 SCFM 150 SCFM 30 l/min 10.0 Hg 3.2 Hg 13.2 Hg 83.4 HP 83.4 HP $49,800 /yr DPE 500 SCFM 0 SCFM 30 l/min 10.0 Hg 0.4 Hg 10.4 Hg 25.8 HP 2.6 HP 28.4 HP $24,500 /yr
13 VEMPE CONCERNS WITH VEMPE Cost of Unplanned Shutdowns Automatic re-starting can be difficult Operator attendance usually required Restart may take considerable time Can significantly increase operating costs
14 VEMPE CONCERNS WITH VEMPE High pressure losses in collection piping Multi-phase flow in gathering system Annular or annular mist flow regime is required to transport liquids High gas velocity is required for annular or annular mist flow High gas velocity results in high pressure loss
15 MULTI-PHASE FLOW PATTERN MAP DISPERSED FLOW MULTI-PHASE FLOW SURFICIAL LIQUID VELOCITY VSL ( FT/SEC ) SURFICIAL LIQUID VELOCITY, VSL, FT/SEC BUBBLE, ELONGATED BUBBLE FLOW STRATIFIED FLOW SLUG FLOW WAVE FLOW SURFICIAL GAS VELOCITY VSG ( FT/SEC ) SURFICIAL GAS VELOCITY, V SG, FT/SEC ANNULAR, ANNULAR MIST ANNULAR, ANNULAR FLOW MIST FLOW Mmandhane, Gregory and Aziz: A Flow pattern Map for Gas- Liquid Flow in Horizontal Pipes, 1974).
16 DUAL-PHASE AN ALTERNATIVE EXTRACTION TO VEMPE (DPE) Using Separate Vapour and Liquid Extraction Systems Vacuum Extraction of Soil Vapour & Extraction of Liquid by Pumping
17 Vacuum Extraction of Soil Vapour (VES) using: LRP Rotary lobe or claw blower Regenerative blower VACUUM PUMP/ BLOWER DUAL-PHASE EXTRACTION GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL TREATMENT/ STORAGE INLET VAPOUR SEPARATOR EXTRACTION WELL COLLECTION PIPING GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL PUMP VAPOR VAPOR/ GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL
18 Extraction of Liquid by Pumping using: Pneumatic down-hole pumps Electric submersible pumps Diaphragm Pumps VACUUM PUMP/ BLOWER DUAL-PHASE EXTRACTION GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL TREATMENT/ STORAGE INLET VAPOUR SEPARATOR EXTRACTION WELL COLLECTION PIPING GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL PUMP VAPOR VAPOR/ GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL
19 DPE ADVANTAGES OF DPE Energy efficient Electric load split among several motors Can be designed so VES system operates independently of Liquids Pumping system Restarting can be automated Reduced pressure losses in wells and vapour collection piping
20 DPE DISADVANTAGES OF DPE Higher Capital Cost More Complex System VACUUM PUMP/ BLOWER GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL TREATMENT/ STORAGE INLET VAPOUR SEPARATOR EXTRACTION WELL COLLECTION PIPING GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL PUMP VAPOR VAPOR/ GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL
21 SUMMARY 1 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 4 5 VACUUM PRESSURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE VEMPE has become the Technology of Choice for sites where it is desirable to extract both soil vapour and subsurface liquids 3 2 VAPOR VAPOR/ GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER/ LNAPL VEMPE also has Drawbacks
22 SUMMARY DPE offers the Most Advantage where: Large vapour and liquid flows are anticipated It is desirable to substitute a rotary lobe or rotary claw blower for an LRP Access for maintenance and operations personnel is difficult Application of only vacuum or only liquid pumping to different areas at different times
23 Think Outside the Box There is more than One Solution to any Problem
24 Thank You For Your Time
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