Turbine Commissioning & Data Processing

Transcription

1 Turbine Commissioning & Data Processing Small Wind Association of Testers Conference Ismael Mendoza April 26, 2012 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

2 Objective To establish a sense of conformance with the manufacturer to hand over the turbine to start the testing Commissioning consist but not limited to: o Investigate that the turbine is in good operating conditions o Verify that your system and all its subsystems are functioning properly o Check that the Data Acquisition system (DAS) is working properly 2

3 Site Assessment The test site should be assessed in order to identify: The location of the meteorological tower Identify the suitable wind direction sector Estimate appropriate flow correction factors if a site calibration is required 3

4 Initial inspections Check that all components and instrumentation is accounted for Request the latest assembly and owners manual documentation and drawings Perform a safety system verification on the ground and in the air (such as a break release test) Verify the start up procedures with the manufacturer Verify all turbine dimensions and take picture of all system components 4

5 Installation Verify that the turbine tower has been stamped by a Professional Engineer for your site conditions Installation shall always be conducted by train personnel supervised by the manufacturer or turbine manufacture certified installer Verify that the electrical wiring and protection systems are comply with the latest safety standards 5

6 DAS Instrumentation Two anemometers Wind vane Power transducer/current and voltage Pressure sensor Temperature sensor Rotor speed (recommended) Turbine Status (recommended) Wetness sensor (recommended) Data logger (1 Hz or higher sampling rate) Computer 6

7 Data Acquisition system set up 7

8 Standard Data Requirements Power performance (IEC ) Section 7.3 and Annex H of Hz or higher sampling rate 1 minute data sets for small turbines Average, standard deviation, max, min Duration (IEC ) Section Hz or higher sampling rate 10 minute data sets Average and max wind speed Safety and Function (IEC ) Section 9.6 No listed requirements Noise (IEC ) 10 second averages 8

9 DAS End to End Check Purpose: To verify that the instrumentation output does not degrade on its path to the Data Logger o A table of values to inject is created for each instrument from the calibration sheet values o A signal corresponding to the operating range is injected into the signal wires for each instrument and verified at the computer/das 9

10 Test Readiness Certificate Once both the testing institution and the manufacturer agree with the commissioning, installation, and final adjustment a certificate is issued to release the turbine to the test institution to initiate the certification testing. Once the test readiness certificate is issued no further modification to the turbine system are allowed for the duration of the testing If there any updates to the system due to performance or failure, testing needs to be restarted 10

11 Data Processing Data validation is an iterative analysis There are different sources that could result in invalid data and there required different plots to visualize Reanalysis is required once invalid data is found 11

12 Data Analysis Keep a log book to help identify system errors Manually check the data quality in combined raw data files o Time series of average, min and max o Anemometer comparison o Wind speed vs. Power 12

13 Data Rejection The IEC standard provides some examples of data rejection External conditions other than wind speed are out of the operating range of the wind turbine Turbine cannot operate because of a turbine fault condition Turbine is manually shut down or in a test or maintenance operating mode Failure or degradation (e.g. due to icing) of test equipment; Wind direction outside the measurement sector Wind directions outside valid (complete) site calibration sectors. Also Failure or maintenance of the test institute s DAS 13

14 Log Book Example The log book should consist of all the annotations of events that help identify the events that could affect the quality of the data Example: February st, 13:51 Anemometer not spinning, Freezing temperatures ranging to -17 F. 4 th, 10:54 Warmer temperatures and system seem to be working properly 7 th, 9:27 Turbine found at a fault. (Under frequency) Manual Reset the fault. 21 th, 11:25 Turbine had a fault on the 19 th but reset it self after inverter routine check 22 nd, 14:35 Turbine down due to a site grid fault 23 th, 15:04 Power restored on site. Turbine restarted. 14

15 Data Analysis Examples of data plots to help visualize the data Grid Voltage vs. Time Density vs. Time Temperature vs. Time Precipitation vs. Time Wind direction vs. Time Anemometer vs. Time Primary Anemometer vs. Secondary Anemometer Anemometer Ratio vs. Time Anemometer Ratio vs. Direction Power vs. Rotor Speed Rotor Speed vs. Wind Power vs. Wind Speed 15

16 Time series Wind Speed Ratio Single Anemometer Recovered Frozen Anemometer 16

17 Wind Speed Time Series Grid Outage Frozen Anemometer 17

18 Signals Time Series Frozen Anemometer Grid Outage Turbine Fault 18

19 Power and Availability Time Series Grid Fault Turbine Fault 19

20 Power Vs. Wind Speed Scatter Plot Fault 20

21 Wind Direction Vs. Wind Speed Ratio 21

22 Anemometer comparison Scatter Plot Frozen Anemometer 22

23 Example of Power Limitation Red: maxima, Green: minima, Blue: average 23

24 Example of Rotor Speed Control Red: maxima, Green: minima, Blue: average 24

25 Power Degradation Chart 25

26 Questions Ismael Mendoza