SAFETY, SITTING, EMERGENCY PLANNING ISUES FOR SMR DEPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA

Transcription

1 SAFETY, SITTING, EMERGENCY PLANNING ISUES FOR SMR DEPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA PANDE Made Udiyani National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Republic of Indonesia INPRO Dialogue Forum on Legal and Institutional Issues in The Global Deployment of Small Modular Reactors

2 Outlines Introduction Overview of Indonesian Energy Policy Technology Assessment for SMR case Implementation of technology assessment methodology, case study in West Kalimantan. Preparing for constructing HTGR type of experimental power reactor (RDE) Safety, sitting, emergency planning issues for SMR deployment in INDONESIA Resume

3 Introduction Study on national economic and energy sources of Indonesia had shown that nuclear energy will be included as part of energy sources in our national energy mix policy in addition to fossil energy source, gas, water and other new and renewable energy. As an archipelago country, Indonesia consists of 5 big islands and more than thousand medium and small islands with various electricity ratio and industrial development scale. This encourages Indonesia to consider to use Small Medium Sized reactor as an alternative nuclear energy supply. Preliminary technology assessment on various SMR has been started, indeed the SMR is grouped into Light Water Reactor, Gas Cooled Reactor, and Solid Cooled Reactor. From its location or sites, they were grouped into Land Based reactor and Water Based Reactor.

4 Introduction (cont d) Mostly, the Nuclear Power rules, criteria and requirements in Indonesia had been developed for LWR type reactor and land based construction. Some island areas in Indonesia such as Bangka Belitung, West and East Kalimantan, Kalimantan had signed MOU between local government and BATAN to implement nuclear technology development in their territorial. Currently, Indonesia is now working on a program for constructing 10 MW HTGR type of reactor of experimental power reactor, called RDE, in area of Research and Development Technology, Serpong. This presentation will describe our experience during providing RDE (SMR) conceptual design on the safety, sitting, emergency planning issues for deployment in Indonesia

5 Overview of Indonesia Energy Policy Indonesia consists of around 17,500 islands. The big islands are: Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. Total area of 1.9 million square miles Population is around 250 millions people with birth rate of 1.21% (2015) High demand and supply of energy in the future SMR technology is much more appropriate for small and medium islands to support their own development whereas Large NPP for the large Islands 10/18/2016 5

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9 NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY In order to accelerate national development, President of Republic Indonesia issued Presidential Instruction No.1/2010 regarding Accelerating National Development Including Nuclear and Government Regulation No. 5/2010 on National Medium Term Development that Include Nuclear Power Plant as part of alternative energy. Study on NPP s capacity projection indicated: Indonesia will include SMR in its energy supply in 2031, but the study on SMR-HTGR Technology has been started since 2014 (Indonesia nuclear energy outlook, 2014) 10/18/2016 9

10 NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY (Cont d) In line with Indonesia nuclear Infrastructure development progress in phase 1 and up coming phase 2, four main activities are recently in progress i.e.: - Feasibility Study in Bangka-Belitung island for 3 years (contract signed 15 July 2011 ) - Assessment of Indonesia Nuclear Energy System ( ), using INPRO Methodology - Implementation of technology assessment with case study in West Kalimantan - Feasibility study and preparing conceptual design for Experimental Power Reactor of around 10 MWth in Research and Development Technology Serpong area. This reactor is planned to be operational in /18/

11 Technology Assessment for SMR case Selection is done by Kepner-Tregoe decision making methodology, combined with Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). This methodology is useful for organizing the essential elements of a technology that is formatted in a structure giving priority or weighting to each element of the technology. Evaluate each technology based on priority or weighting factor combined with a value that indicates the ability of technology meets the criteria. The final results of this methodology is the ranking of technological options according weight and level of satisfaction for each element. 10/18/

12 Scoring template Elements for decision making Weight SMR-1 SMR-2 SMR 3 % Satisfact ion level Score Satisfact ion level Score Satisfact ion level Score 1. Site Characteristics and parameters 15 consideration 2. Grid Consideration Nuclear Reactor Safety Main Parameter of NPP 10 5.Nuclear Fuel material and Nuclear Fuel 10 Cycle Characteristic and performance 6. Owner scope of supply Issues or everything related things to technology supplier 8. Construction Management Capability 5 9. Technology transfer and technical 10 support 10. Cost and competitive economics 5 10

13 Criteria/Requirements Nuclear Reactor Safety 1. Safety Assessment Design criteria Regulatory requirements and standards are used to form the bases for the NPP design Regulations in the Member State on radiation and safety for nuclear power plant sitting Safety approach (e.g. fully active, fully passive, combination). Defence in depth programme in design and multi-barrier approaches for operational transients and accidents, both with and without core damage Degree of diversity and redundancy in providing the above key safety features: Spent fuel pool safety: Defence against external events ; Severe accident releases and response: Safety equipment testing and survelliance requirements Classification of components and related quality requirements

14 1. Safety Assessment (Cont d) Criteria/Requirements Nuclear Reactor Safety Reliance on off-site power Design criteria Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) scope, maturity and results Safety margins against deterministic requirements Plant control and protection logic architecture Provisions to ensure a high level of safety Due consideration of human factors engineering (including equipment accessibility post-accident). Fuel and water supply for diesel generator, emergency feedwater and primary system make-up. Integration of technical specifications with safety analysis report (SAR) and PSA. Completeness of operating technical specifications (OTS), SAR and PSA.

15 2. Sitting Assessment Criteria/Requirements Site specific consideration Design criteria Ambient site environmental conditions and ecology, including seismic, flooding, wetlands, population density; Heat sink temperature, condenser cooling water source and extent of water resources; Predicted magnitude and frequency of all external events (design and safety considerations); Site size requirements, boundary conditions, population, neighbours and environs; Transportation routes/facilities and access to required infrastructure for construction and operation; Site development and preparation requirements; Site structure plan; single- or multi-unit site requirements.

16 Criteria/Requirements 3. Emergency planning Design criteria Radiological releases to the environment (normal operation and accident); Impact & Emergency Countermeasure : -Short Countermeasure (Evacuation, Sheltering) -Long Countermeasure (Relocation, Food Band) Emergency Preparedness

17 SMR Technology Availability SMR Status Light Water Reactor: (Carem, SMART, mpower, KLT 40) Heavy Water Reactor : (EC6, PHWR-220, AHWR 300) Gas Cooled Reactors (HTR-PM, PBMR, GT-MHR) Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor (4S,SVBR, PRISM) 10/18/

18 Technology availability (cont d) Classification according to the fuel : - UO2, MOX, Thorium Classification according to fuel loading schema: - Fuel loading-unloading in the site - Without fuel loading in the site According location - Land based - Floating Reactor (KLT-40, Flexblue) Application - Electrical production and cogeneration (desalination, district heating, hydrogen production)

19 Table Status of Nuclear Power Plant SMR STATUS NUMBER REACTOR In- Operation 4 CNP-300, PHWR-220, HTR-10 (demo) 4S (demo) Site /under construction 4 CAREM-27, KLT-40, HTR-PM, PFBR-500 Detail 6 SMART (approval), ABV-6M, RITM-200, WWER-300, SVBR-100 (2017 construction), PERISM Basic 7 IRIS, mpower, NuScale, Westinghouse SMR, EC6, AHWR300-LEU, PBMR (complete) Conceptual/ Preliminary 11 FBNR, Flexblue, IMR, SHELF, VK-300, VBER-300, UNITTHERM, GT_MHR, EM2, BRESTOD-300, G4M 10/18/

20 Implementation of technology assessment methodology, case study in West Kalimantan The electricity grid in West Kalimantan is around 350 MW and projected to 3500 MW for 25 years. To maintain stability of the grid, the power of NPP will be 10%, means in the range of 35 MW to 350 MW. The assessment was based on 10 element of decision making in where site and safety issues are included. The result shows the ranking of SMR that meet Indonesia s requirements, but unfortunately, it can not be displayed here. 10/18/

21 Preparing for constructing HTGR type of experimental power reactor (RDE) Batan has decided to construct 10 MWth HTGR type reactor of Experimental Power Reactor with specifications: Thermal Power : 10 MWth Average Power density : 2,0 PD 4,0 W/cm 3 Helium inlet/outlet Temperatur : / oc Fuel Element type : UO 2 Enrichment U-235 : <20% Maximum Burn-up : MWd/tU Average Burn-up : MWd/tU

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23 Government Regulations No. 2/2014 Licensing Applications Doc.for Site Evaluation Approval : Doc. For Design Approval: 1. Site Evaluation Program 1. Detail Design Document 2. Site Evaluations Management 2. Safety Analysis Report System Doc. Site Permit : Doc. Construction License: 1. Site Evaluation Implementation1. Safety Analysis Report Report 2. Management System Implementation Report 3. DIQ 4. Nuclear Reactor main Data LCO Document Management System Document Radiation Protection and Safety Doc. System Safeguard Doc Physical Protection Plan Doc 7. Ageing Management Doc 8. Decommissioning Program 9. Emergency Preparedness Program 10. Construction Program 11. Environmental Impact License Doc. Commissioning License: 1. Safety Analysis Report 2. LCO Document 3. Management System Document 4. Radiation Protection and Safety Doc. 5. System Safeguard Doc 6. Physical Protection Plan Doc 7. Ageing Management Doc 8. Decommissioning Program 9. Emergency Preparedness Program 10. Construction Activity Report 11. Environmental Impact License 12. Technical Specification of Reactor that had been build. Doc. Operation License: 1. Safety Analysis Report 2. LCO Document 3. Maintenance Document 4. Radiation Protection and Safety Doc. 5. System Safeguard Doc 6. Physical Protection Plan Doc 7. Decommissioning Program 8. Emergency Preparedness Program 9. Management System Document 10. Environmental Impact License Implications Report Site Evaluation Approval Applications Design Approval Applications Operations License Applications Site Permit Applications Commissioning License Applications Reacto r Year Site Evaluations Approval Design Approval Construction License Construction Activity Commissioning License Operation License Site Permit Constructions License Applications 10/18/

24 Licensing Progress of RDE Evaluation of Management System of Site Evaluation Implementation Report Licensing Directorate BAPETEN Document Construction for License on Progress (BATAN): 1.Safety Analysis Report 2.LCO Document 3.Management System Document 4.Radiation Protection and Safety Doc. 5.System Safeguard Doc 6.Physical Protection Plan Doc 7.Ageing Management Doc 8.Decommissioning Program 9.Emergency Preparedness Program 10.Construction Program 11.Environmental Impact License 10/18/

25 Innovative approaches to safety, sitting, emergency planning for SMR issues in Indonesia (1) Regulatory body wants of proven technology and want SMR technologies to be first deployed in the country of origin to minimize licensing and performance risks; No rules, criteria and requirements were developed yet specifically for water site basis of reactor such as floating reactors, under water reactor, transportable reactor which are more complex than LWR, therefore, the SMR technology provider should be able to support the user to solve their key infrastructure issues of SMR technology application Lesson learnt from Fukushima accident, A reliable operation and, probably, a better public acceptance of SMRs could be achieved through the implementation of passive reactivity regulation and control systems.

26 Innovative approaches to safety, sitting, emergency planning for SMR issues in Indonesia (2) The SMR reactor safety innovations with the need for safety standards for SMR which incidentally is not the same as the standard on Large Reactor. Lesson learnt from preparing RDE license, site licensing requirements for SMR is not the same as the requirements for large reactors Possible local governments in Indonesia to build a water-based SMR, is required sitting and emergency planning such as: fission products dispersion in water which can be cross country, emergency preparedness to cross the ocean to another country, infrastructure of emergency, estimation of exclusion zone. safeguards, physical protection, etc.

27 RESUME SMR can fulfill energy demand in Indonesia. The SMR are also provided to meet energy at small and remote island in Indonesia The many types of SMR reactor safety innovations with the need for safety standards for SMR which incidentally is not the same as the standard on Large Reactor With better safety behavior of the SMR is designed with no off site emergency system. The issue is whether the public can accept this statement which tends to demand high levels of prudence for nuclear energy.

28 RESUME (Cont d) With a variety of settings for example vocational ashore, a float KLT40, under sea (flexblue) whether countries are ready to make rules or sitting? Especially for floating or submerse SMR? Upon this assessment the key infrastructure issues for the SMR in Indonesia is gap of legal, regulation and institutional aspect to introduce various type of SMR. It because currently most of the regulation is just applicable for large light water reactor with the land site base. Nevertheless, this obstacle was temporarily solved by adopting common best practice applicable for large and small and medium reactor for land and water reactor and provide specific requirement for specific type of SMR.

29 Tank you for your attention 10/18/