Buxton Wastewater Scheme. Review of Environmental Factors

Transcription

1 Buxton Wastewater Scheme Review of Environmental Factors

2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction Background information Scope of this REF Objectives of the proposed scheme Stakeholder and community consultation 14 2 Location and statutory planning context Location Environmental Planning and Assessment Act State Environmental Planning Policies Local Environmental Plans Other NSW environmental legislative considerations Commonwealth legislation 32 3 Options assessment and justification for the proposed scheme Proposed scheme need Development and assessment of options Suitability of irrigation sites Selection of the preferred option Ecologically sustainable development Justification 38 4 Description of the project and activities Scope of work On-property equipment Collection pipelines Ancillary facilities Transfer main pipeline Wastewater Pumping Station (WWPS) Water Recycling Plant (WRP) Subsurface irrigation Services Mobilisation and construction activities Changes to the scope of work Customer connection Operation of the System 55 5 Existing environment, impacts and mitigation measures Local climate Land Uses Topography, geology and soils Water quality and drainage Flora and fauna 70 Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 1

3 5.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage Aboriginal heritage Air quality Noise and vibration Traffic and access Energy and greenhouse gases Waste management Visual environment Social-economic Human health Bushfire risk Hazards and Risks Cumulative impact Environmental management Construction Environmental Management Plan Operation environmental management Licenses and approvals Conclusion References 111 Figures Figure 1 Buxton locality and LGA map 18 Figure 2 Buxton Wastewater Scheme service area and scheme envelope map 19 Figure 3 Wollondilly LEP 2011 Zoning Map, Buxton 25 Figure 4 Schematic representation of on-property equipment 40 Figure 5 Example of an installed collection tank 40 Figure 6 Example of an installed control/alarm panel 41 Figure 7 Example of an installed property boundary assembly 42 Figure 8 Typical ARF and valve assembly 43 Figure 9 Typical ARF and carbon canister 44 Figure 10 Typical barometric loop 46 Figure 11 Typical WWPS 47 Figure 12 Typical CDU 47 Figure 13 Typical WRP 48 Figure 14 Typical Subsurface irrigation field 51 Figure 15 Buxton geology 57 Figure 16 Buxton soils 59 Figure 17 Drinking Water catchments, Buxton waterways and sampling sites map 63 Figure 18 Buxton Vegetation Communities distribution map 72 Figure 19 Distribution of Hairy Geebung Persoonia hirsuta subsp. evoluta and Mittagong Geebung (Persoonia glaucescens), Jumbunna Place 74 Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 2

4 Figure 20 Distribution of habitat types and location of hollow bearing trees 76 Figure 21 Non-Aboriginal heritage map 82 Figure 22 Heritage item photograph Buxton House 83 Figure 23 Noise sensitive receivers and monitoring locations map 90 Tables Table 1 Interim water quality performance targets for the Buxton Land Treatment Scheme 50 Table 2 Topography, Geology and Soils Construction Mitigation Measures 60 Table 3 Topography, Geology and Soils Operation Mitigation Measures 62 Table 4 Water Quality and Drainage Construction Mitigation Measures 66 Table 5 Water Quality and Drainage Operation Mitigation Measures 70 Table 6 Buxton Vegetation Communities Conservation Significance 71 Table 7 Flora and Fauna Construction Mitigation Measures 78 Table 8 Flora and Fauna Operation Mitigation Measures 80 Table 9 Inventory of registered non-aboriginal heritage items Buxton, NSW. 81 Table 10 Non-Aboriginal Heritage Construction Mitigation Measures 85 Table 11 Aboriginal Heritage Construction Mitigation Measures 86 Table 12 Air Quality Construction Mitigation Measures 88 Table 13 Air Quality Operation Mitigation Measures 89 Table 14 Summary of monitoring locations 91 Table 15 Measured ambient noise levels (dba) 91 Table 16 Construction airborne noise goals (dba) 92 Table 17 Noise and Vibration Construction Mitigation Measures 93 Table 18 Operational noise criteria (dba) 94 Table 19 Noise and Vibration Operation Mitigation Measures 94 Table 20 Traffic and Access Construction Mitigation Measures 96 Table 21 Energy and Greenhouse Gases Construction Mitigation Measures 97 Table 22 Waste Management Construction Mitigation Measures 98 Table 23 Visual Environment Construction Mitigation Measures 100 Table 24 Visual Environment Operation Mitigation Measures 101 Table 25 Social-economic Construction Mitigation Measures 102 Table 26 Human Health Construction Mitigation Measures 103 Table 27 Bushfire risk Construction Mitigation Measures 104 Table 28 Hazards and Risks Construction Mitigation Measures 105 Table 29 Hazards and Risks Operation Mitigation Measures 105 Table 30 Summary of licenses and approvals required for the proposed scheme. 108 Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 3

5 Declaration and sign off The Buxton Wastewater Scheme aims to provide improved wastewater services to the village of Buxton. This Review of Environmental Factors (REF) has been prepared under Part 5 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) and assesses the potential environmental impacts that may arise from the proposed scheme. The REF has been prepared in accordance with Section 111 of the EP&A Act and the Department of Planning and Infrastructure s guideline: Is as EIS required? (DUAP 1999). In the short term, there may be minor adverse impacts associated with construction. The main issues would be associated with impacts to: surface water quality traffic and access social environment terrestrial flora and fauna non-aboriginal heritage noise and vibration visual amenity. Apart from the impacts to terrestrial flora and fauna, construction impacts would be short term. Construction of the proposed scheme would result in the removal of five Hairy Geebungs, one hollow-bearing tree and small areas of habitat suitable for the Mittagong Geebung, Darwinia peduncularis and the Small-flower Grevillea. Operation of the proposal may indirectly impact up to 15 Hairy Geebungs through increased soil moisture downstream of the Jumbunna Place irrigation field. The flora and fauna assessment has concluded that these direct and indirect impacts of the proposed scheme would not be significant. Other operational impacts may occur as a result of potential odour, chemical transport and storage, noise and vibration and visual impacts from above ground structures. These operational impacts can be managed through the mitigation measures identified in the REF. Operational benefits are expected from the proposed scheme. Local water quality may improve following connection of properties to the network and subsequent decommissioning of poorly performing on-site wastewater management systems. A Neutral Beneficial Effect (NorBE) on water quality is predicted for both the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment and the Bargo River Catchment. The proposed scheme is also expected to improve local amenity within the Buxton village and reduce potential risks to public health. On the basis of this information, and provided the mitigation measures identified in this REF are implemented, the proposed scheme is unlikely to have a significant environmental impact. Accordingly, no environmental impact statement is required. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 4

6 Revision Date Revision description Prepared Reviewedd Approved Rev A 17/12/2012 Draft revision A. Gotch S. Barbaro G. Thomas, S. Gasson,, I. Butler, E. Rumi, J. Death, D. Washington, R. Pearson. Rev B 17/12/2012 Draft revision A. Gotch S. Barbaro C. O Rourke, T. McKay, G. Cowcher, J. Nunes, P. Rougellis, J McLaren, M. Johnson, M. Hughes,, T. McCabe. Rev C 06/02/13 Draft revision A. Gotch S. Barbaro G. Thomas, C. O Rourke, R. Schuil, J. Nunes, M. Johnson. Rev 0 12/02/13 Approved A. Gotch Priority Sewerage Program Alliance endorsement t REF prepared by: Alessandra Gotch and Sharon Barbaro REF reviewed by: Steve Gasson, Alliance Program REF reviewed by: Gareth G Thomas, Environmental Manager, Priority Sewerage Program Alliance Manager, Priority Sewerage Program Alliance Signature: Signature: Date: Date: Sydney Water Engineering and Environmental Services endorsement REF reviewed by: Murray Johnson, Environmental Services Manager, Engineering and Environmental Services, Infrastructure Delivery Signature: REF reviewed by: Cathy C O Rourke, Senior Environmental Scientist, Engineeringg and Environmental Services, Infrastructure Delivery Signature: Date: Date: Sydney Water Proposal Manager/Proposal Coordinator approval Certifies that the proposed scheme would be carried out in accordance with this REF document Name: Bert Marrone Position: Project Delivery Officer, Infrastructure Delivery Signature: Date: Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 5

7 Executive summary Introduction The Priority Sewerage Program (PSP) aims to provide improved wastewater services to unsewered urban villages and suburbs in the greater Sydney metropolitan area. Improved wastewater services are expected to provide environmental and social benefits and reduce potential risks to public health. The NSW Government announced in November 2011 that under the PSP, the villages of Bargo, Buxton, Cowan, Douglas Park, West Hoxton and Wilton would receive an improved wastewater service by mid The villages of Galston and Glenorie would receive improved wastewater services by mid The proposed scheme for Buxton involves the construction and operation of a reticulated wastewater system in Buxton, and the transfer of wastewater to a new Water Recycling Plant (WRP) with subsurface irrigation. The proposed scheme would provide an improved wastewater system to about 490 existing properties, and boundary connection points for about 700 properties (including vacant lots). Capacity would be provided for limited growth within the village. Objectives The objective of the PSP set by the NSW Government is to provide an effective wastewater management system that reduces environmental degradation and associated public health problems that result from untreated wastewater entering the environment. The primary objectives for the proposed scheme are to: provide wastewater services in Buxton by the 30 th June 2014, as required in Sydney Water s Operating Licence deliver the work at the least life cycle cost. The secondary objectives of the proposed scheme are to provide a cost effective wastewater service that would collect, transport and treat wastewater in a manner that: reduces risks to public health provides for environmental improvement improves public amenity provides capacity for limited growth within the service area. Purpose of the Review of Environmental Factors Sydney Water is the proponent and determining authority for the proposed scheme. Under section 111 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act), Sydney Water must examine all matters likely to affect the environment as a result of the proposed construction and operational activities. State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 allows Sydney Water to undertake the proposed scheme without obtaining development consent from Wollondilly Shire Council. The proposed scheme therefore has been assessed under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. This Review of Environmental Factors (REF) has been prepared to assess the potential environmental impacts of the proposed scheme during construction and operation and identifies measures to minimise these impacts. It also identifies whether the proposed scheme is likely to have a significant environmental impact, thereby requiring an environmental impact statement to be prepared. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 6

8 Description of the proposed scheme The proposed scheme aims to provide an improved wastewater service to the Buxton service area. The preferred servicing strategy is a pressure sewerage collection system within the Buxton village, transfer of the wastewater to a new WRP located to the north of the village with land treatment via subsurface irrigation. A service area has been outlined for the proposed scheme; properties within the service area would be provided with a connection to the wastewater network. Additional properties located outside the service area that are less than 0.4 ha in area and located directly adjacent to a reticulation main servicing part of the identified service area may also be eligible for servicing. The preferred wastewater servicing strategy for Buxton would include: on-property pressure wastewater system equipment on each eligible property within the service area a network of collection pipelines (about 8km of pipelines) ancillary facilities (such as air release facilities, isolation valves and flushing points) a barometric loop about 670m of transfer main connecting the reticulation network to a new Wastewater Pumping Station (WWPS) a new WWPS and Chemical Dosing Unit (CDU) at 510 West Parade, Buxton a new WRP at 510 West Parade, Buxton two perennial rye-grass subsurface irrigation fields (at 510 West Parade and 10 Jumbunna Place) including irrigation pumps, irrigation controls and associated stormwater management improvements about 1400m of irrigation main between the two irrigation field sites services required for the infrastructure (such as electricity and water supply, security fencing and access roadways). Summary of environmental impacts Construction During construction, the proposed scheme could result in the following short-term impacts: surface water quality traffic and access social environment terrestrial flora and fauna non-aboriginal heritage noise and vibration visual amenity. Apart from the impacts to terrestrial flora and fauna, constructions impacts would generally be short-term in nature. Construction of pipelines would be transitional in nature (only occur in any one location for a short period of time as the work moves along the alignment of the pipeline). Construction of the WWPS and water recycling facilities (including the water recycling plant and irrigation fields) would be static at their respective sites during the construction period, but activities would be limited to the construction period. All construction impacts would be short term and not considered significant. The Hairy Geebung, Mittagong Geebung and habitat suitable for Darwinia peducularis and the Small-flower Grevillea were recorded within the scheme envelope. Construction of the proposed Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 7

9 scheme would result in the removal of five Hairy Geebungs, one hollow-bearing tree and small areas of habitat suitable for the Mittagong Geebung, Darwinia peduncularis and the Small-flower Grevillea. The flora and fauna study and assessment prepared by LesryK (2012) concluded that the likely impacts would not be significant on hollow-bearing trees, the Hairy Geebung, Mittagong Geebung and habitat suitable for Darwinia peducularis and the Small-flower Grevillea. Operation Operational impacts of the proposed scheme would be minimal. Disturbed areas within the village of Buxton would be returned as close as possible to their pre-construction condition once construction is complete. Operational benefits are expected from the connection of the village of Buxton to a reticulated wastewater system. Local water quality may improve following the decommissioning of poorly performing on-site wastewater management systems in Buxton. The proposed scheme would also improve local amenity and reduce potential risks to public health. There would be potential for some air quality and visual impacts due to the presence and operation of ARF s within the system. Permanently visible structures such as air release facilities (ARF s) would be positioned to minimise potential impacts wherever possible. The WWPS and water recycling facilities would also be permanently visible, however additional screening in the form of vegetation would be installed to minimise the impact of these facilities. There remains the potential for indirect impacts to the Hairy Geebung as a result of the operation of the Jumbunna Place irrigation field (due to the potential increase in soil moisture downstream of the irrigation field). This is considered to have an adverse effect on 15 Hairy Geebungs identified within the eastern drainage line of the site. In the context of the surrounding population, a total loss of 20 Hairy Geebungs during construction and operation represents approximately 9.2% of the total known population within the scheme envelope, which is unlikely to have a significant effect on this species, its population or habitat. Based on the predictive data provided by BMT WBM, the flora and fauna assessment considered that the more regular, slower flows would not have an adverse impact on the aquatic ecology of the creek line at the West Parade irrigation area. This REF is based on an assessment of Neutral of Beneficial Effect (NorBE) in accordance with the requirements of the Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA). The NorBE assessment has concluded that: the proposed LTS is predicted to achieve NorBE for both the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment and Bargo River Catchments for all parameters wastewater derived nutrient loads would be reduced dramatically as a result of implementing the proposed scheme (in the order of 90%) water quality objectives for concentrations of nutrients in stormwater runoff are unlikely to be achieved under current conditions. Notwithstanding the proposed LTS is expected to result in a net reduction in long-term nutrient concentrations in stormwater runoff (including wastewater loads). Environmental management The Contractor would prepare a detailed Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) prior to starting construction. The CEMP would incorporate the mitigation measures and requirements outlined in this REF. Sydney Water would review and amend, as required, its existing Water and Wastewater Integrated Management Systems to incorporate the operational requirements of the proposed scheme. Sydney Water would also obtain an Environment Protection Licence from the Environment Protection Authority for the operation of the system under the Protection of Environment Operations Act Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 8

10 Recommendation to proceed The proposed scheme is considered to benefit the Buxton community in the long term. The proposed scheme would reduce risks to public health and surface water quality that currently exist due to leaks and discharges from the existing on-site wastewater management systems. This REF has identified and assessed the short and long-term impacts of the proposed scheme on the environment and identified mitigation measures to minimise any potential impacts. Overall, potential negative impacts associated with the proposed scheme are considered to be minor and able to be adequately managed by implementing the mitigation measures outlined in Section 5. Further environmental assessment is not required and the proposal should proceed. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 9

11 Glossary Glossary term Acid Sulphate Soil Air release facilities Bund Catchment Concept Design Contamination Cumulative Impact Detailed Design Determining authority Dripline Ecologically Sustainable Development Ecology Effluent Hydrology Mitigation Multi Criteria Analysis Pressure Sewerage System Scheme envelope Service area Threshold Topography Definition Soil material which is waterlogged and contains oxidisable sulphur compounds, usually ferrous iron disulphide (pyrite) that has a field ph of 4 or more. Facilities fitted to pressure pipelines to allow release of air that has been trapped within the pipeline. Air release facilities are usually located at the highest elevation points of the wastewater system. A bund is an embankment or wall of soil or other impervious material, which may form part or the entire perimeter of a compound and provides a barrier to liquid. The area drained by a drainage system, stream, or body of water. The phase when preliminary concepts for a project are further developed to better understand the options feasibility. Concentration of substances above that naturally present that poses, or is likely to pose, an immediate or long-term risk to human health or the environment. The sum effect on the environment resulting from the successive effects of several different impacts. Phase when the preferred design is developed to its final form. It includes technical specifications, plans and drawings, operational systems, construction options and detailed quantities, cost and risk analyses. The Minister or Public Authority by or on whose behalf a proposed development/activity is to be carried out; or whose approval is required in order to allow the activity to be carried out. Subsurface drip irrigation pipe Using, conserving and enhancing the community s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased. Branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings. The liquid product of the water recycling plant that is discharged into the environment or reused. The quality of effluent provided by the water recycling plant would depend on the treatment processes used. Study of the properties of the Earth s water, especially of its movement in relation to land. To become milder, less intense or less severe. A tool used to assist in complex decision making involving multiple criteria. A network consisting of positively pressured pipes, collection tanks and pumps, in which wastewater is transported away from the serviced household for downstream treatment. The area of potential impact assessed by this REF for the purposes of installing assets associated with the proposed scheme The service area includes properties that would be serviced by the proposed scheme. Limit below which no reaction is able, or expected, to be recorded or observed or no management response is required. Detailed description of the natural and artificial features of the area. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 10

12 Abbreviations Abbreviation ABS AHIMS ARF ASS asl BoM CDU CEMP DECC DECCW DPI DP&I DUAP EEC EIS ENM EPA Australian Bureau of Statistics Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System Air Release Facility Acid Sulphate Soil above sea level Bureau of Meteorology Chemical Dosing Unit Construction Environmental Management Plan Department of Environment and Climate Change (now OEH) Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (now OEH) Department of Primary Industries Department of Planning and Infrastructure Department of Urban Affairs and Planning (NSW Government) Endangered Ecological Community Environmental Impact Statement Excavated Natural Material Environment Protection Authority EP&A Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 EP&A Reg Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 EPHC EPL ESCP ESD EWMS Environment Protection and Heritage Council Environment Protection Licence Erosion Sediment Control Plan Ecologically Sustainable Development Environmental Work Method Statement FM Act Fisheries Management Act 1994 GHG HDD ICNG IDEA INP ISEPP LCA LEP LGA LTS MNES MSB Greenhouse Gas Horizontal Directional Drill Interim Construction Noise Guidelines Intermittent Decant Extended Aeration (wastewater treatment process) Industrial Noise Policy State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) Land Capability Assessment Local Environmental Plan Local Government Area Land Treatment System Matters of National Environmental Significance Mine Subsidence Board MSC Act Mine Subsidence Compensation Act 2007 NorBE Neutral or Beneficial Effect Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 11

13 Abbreviation NOW NPI NSW Office of Water National Pollutant Inventory NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 NPWS National Parks and Wildlife Service NV Act Native Vegetation Act 2003 NSW OEH PE New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage Polyethylene POEO Act Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 PSP PSS REF REP RFS RMS RTA SCA SDWC SEPP SEWPaC SIS SRD SREP Priority Sewerage Program Pressure Sewerage System Review of Environmental Factors Regional Environmental Plan Rural Fire Service Roads and Maritime Services Roads and Traffic Authority (now RMS) Sydney Catchment Authority Sydney Drinking Water Catchment State Environmental Planning Policy Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (Commonwealth) Species Impact Statement State and Regional Development Sydney Regional Environmental Plan SWCM Reg Sydney Water Catchment Management Regulation 2008 Sydney Water Sydney Water Corporation TSC Act Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 UCL VENM Urban Centre/Locality Virgin Excavated Natural Material WARR Act Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001 WM Act Water Management Act 2000 WRP WWIMS WWPS Water Recycling Plant Water and Wastewater Information System Wastewater Pumping Station Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 12

14 1 Introduction 1.1 Background information Priority Sewerage Program The New South Wales (NSW) Government has committed to an accelerated program to provide improved wastewater services to the villages of Bargo, Cowan, Douglas Park, Wilton, Buxton, West Hoxton, Galston and Glenorie as Stage 3 of the Priority Sewerage Program (PSP). Sydney Water s Operating Licence has been modified to require delivery of wastewater services to Bargo, Cowan, Douglas Park, Buxton, West Hoxton and Wilton by June 2014 and to Galston and Glenorie by June Sydney Water has engaged the PSP Alliance to prepare this Review of Environmental Factors (REF) under Part 5 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) for the Buxton Wastewater Scheme. The Buxton Wastewater Scheme is referred to as the proposed scheme for the purpose of this REF. 1.2 Scope of this REF Sydney Water is a statutory State owned corporation and as such, is classified as a public authority under Section 4 of the EP&A Act. Sydney Water is also the determining authority for the proposed scheme under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. Under Section 111 of the EP&A Act, Sydney Water is responsible for assessing all matters affecting or likely to affect the environment from this activity. This REF assesses the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed scheme. It uses the Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DP&I) guideline, Is an EIS required? (DUAP, 1999) to determine whether the proposed scheme is likely to have a significant environmental impact, thereby requiring the preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS). The potential impacts of the proposed scheme have been considered against the matters listed in Clause 228 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EP&A Reg) and are summarised in Appendix 1 of this REF. The REF also specifies the measures that need to be implemented to avoid or minimise potential adverse environmental impacts from the proposed scheme. This REF has been prepared based on a concept servicing strategy that identifies approximate locations of pipelines and other assets. The final location of all infrastructure would be determined during the detailed design phase, as such, this REF assesses a scheme envelope (as defined in Section 2.1.1) rather than specific corridors or locations. The REF assumes that the infrastructure would be located within the scheme envelope and would avoid environmental constraints that are identified within the scheme envelope. Additional environmental assessment would be required if changes are made during the detailed design phase and wastewater infrastructure is located beyond the scheme envelope identified in this REF. 1.3 Objectives of the proposed scheme The objective of the PSP set by the NSW Government is to provide an effective wastewater management system that reduces environmental degradation and associated public health problems that result from untreated wastewater entering the environment. The primary objectives for the proposed scheme are to: provide wastewater services in Buxton by the 30 th June 2014, as required in Sydney Water s Operating Licence deliver the work at the least life cycle cost. The secondary objectives of the proposed scheme are to provide a cost effective wastewater service that would collect, transport and treat wastewater in a manner that: Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 13

15 reduces risks to public health provides for environmental improvement improves public amenity provides capacity for limited growth within the service area. 1.4 Stakeholder and community consultation Sydney Water has prepared a Community and Stakeholder Engagement Strategy to set the framework for engaging with the communities, key stakeholders and regulators across all PSP Stage 3 areas defined in Sydney Water s Operating License. The objectives of the strategy are to: outline the broader proactive strategy to be adopted to ensure NSW Government timeframes and Sydney Water objectives are met ensure all relevant stakeholders are aware of, and aligned on the servicing strategies and consultation approach build community and stakeholder awareness of the proposed scheme, the proposed approach and challenges of providing a solution that meets the proposed scheme objectives provide a planned, consistent and professional approach to consulting with stakeholders and residents help stakeholders and local residents understand Sydney Water s constraints be open, honest and respectful Consultation In November 2011, the NSW Government made a commitment to the community of Buxton that they would be fast tracked in receiving improved wastewater services. A Communications Management Plan has been prepared specifically for the proposed scheme to support the planning and environment assessment phases, including the options development and finalising the preferred servicing strategy. The Communications Management Plan: provides an overview of the Buxton community describes the communications strategy and approach identifies the proposed scheme s stakeholders, issues, risks and key messages to be used in communicating with these stakeholders provides an overview of the communications tools and techniques to be used during the planning and environmental impact assessment phases of the proposed scheme. Overall, the plan is designed to establish a positive framework of community relationships that would provide support to the ongoing development of community and stakeholder engagement. Following the determination of this REF, the Contractor would be responsible for developing and implementing additional Communications Management Plans for the scheme s construction and connection phases Stakeholder engagement Sydney Water has commenced establishing relationships with key stakeholders of the proposed scheme and would continue to liaise prior to the completion of detailed design and throughout the construction process. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 14

16 Wollondilly Shire Council Sydney Water has commenced consultation with Council about the preferred servicing strategy, site investigation work and the timeframes for construction. Sydney Water would continue to liaise with Council regarding the following as planning progresses: public safety issues the establishment of temporary site compounds on Council land full or partial closure of Council managed roads removal or trimming of shrubs or trees on Council managed land Work required outside of the hours of 7 am 6 pm Monday to Friday and 8 am 1 pm on Saturdays. Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH)/Environment Protection Authority (EPA) A separate engagement plan has been prepared to provide a formalised strategy for consulting with the EPA and OEH (including the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service). Sydney Water has met with both stakeholders to brief them on the proposed scheme and gain input and feedback and identify potential issues that may impact the proposed scheme. As the scheme envelope adjoins Thirlmere Lakes National Parks, consultation with the National Parks and Wildlife Service is required under Clause 16 of the ISEPP. Any response provided by the National Parks and Wildlife Service would be taken into consideration in implementing the proposed scheme Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) Consultation has begun with the SCA to discuss the preferred servicing strategy and to understand their requirements for meeting a Neutral or Beneficial Effect (NorBE) on water quality within the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment (SDWC). A copy of the Buxton REF was given to the SCA for review and comment on 8 th January A meeting was held with the SCA on the 21 st January 2013 and 31 st January 2013 to review and discuss comments made by the SCA for incorporation into this REF. The key issues raised by the SCA included: Expanding detail in the NorBE and Land Capability assessment Providing further information around chemical storage and bunding Understanding ongoing operational monitoring and reporting requirements The issues raised by the SCA have been addressed. A revised version of the NorBE assessment was produced to address the SCA s comments. This version of the assessment is included in this REF and has been endorsed by the SCA. Other stakeholders As part of the Communications Management Plan, Sydney Water has identified a number of stakeholders that may have an interested in the proposed scheme including: the local Member for Wollondilly media (local and regional newspapers) Tharawal Aboriginal Land Council Gundungurra Tribal Council Aboriginal Corporation Mine Subsidence Board (MSB) NSW Ministry of Health Wingecaribee Shire Council NSW Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DP&I) RailCorp Roads and Maritime Services (RMS). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 15

17 Community engagement As part of the overall Community and Stakeholder Engagement Strategy, Sydney Water would meet with impacted and neighbouring property owners during detailed design to discuss the location of assets. Sydney Water would use this process to understand community expectations, concerns and opportunities to minimise impacts. Prior to construction, Sydney Water would engage with the wider community to inform them about the proposed scheme. This engagement would include: community information sessions newsletters and fact sheets advertisements one-on-one customer home plan meetings to discuss construction impacts and location of on-property wastewater equipment. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 16

18 2 Location and statutory planning context 2.1 Location Buxton is located within the Wollondilly and Wingecarribee local government areas (LGA) about 100km southwest of the Sydney central business district. The majority of the Buxton village lies within the Wollondilly LGA, with Orange Road in the south of the village forming the boundary with the Wingecarribee LGA (Figure 1). The village of Buxton predominantly drains directly to the Bargo River via a few unnamed drainage lines. Downstream of Buxton, the Bargo River connects with the Nepean River (Sydney Water, 2011). A portion of the village of Buxton is located within the Little River sub-catchment which, is located within the SDWC (refer to Figure 1 Buxton locality and LGA map Figure 1). The SDWC is the collection area for Sydney s drinking water catchments. The SCA is responsible for managing and protecting the SDWC and catchment infrastructure. The Picton-Mittagong Loop Line railway which passes through Buxton was originally the only southern railway link, built in about 1867, with the station at Buxton built in about The railway brought prosperity and stimulated growth in the village. The line now consists of a section of operational track between Picton and Buxton which is used infrequently by excursion trains. The Buxton area is semi-rural, and is surrounded by natural woodlands and small businesses including various types of agriculture and a quarry operation. Thirlmere Lakes National Park lies to the North West of the town. The main land use within the Buxton village is residential, with a small commercial business centre including a convenience store, takeaway food shop and newsagent. The village includes a primary school and a recreation oval Service area and scheme envelope The proposed scheme would provide a reticulated wastewater service to existing unsewered urban properties within the service area of Buxton. The proposed scheme service area contains about 490 existing properties, and boundary connection points for about 700 properties (including vacant lots). Sydney Water would subsidise the installation of on-property assets within the service area, and would generally, operate and maintain all supplied on-property equipment within the service area. Construction and operational activities have the potential to impact areas adjacent to the service area. As such, an envelope of potential environmental impact has been identified around the scheme service area; this area is referred to as the scheme envelope and is the area of potential environmental impact assessed by this REF. The proposed scheme service area and scheme envelope are outlined in Figure 2. The scheme envelope adjoins Thirlmere Lakes National Park. Properties outside the service area may seek permission to connect to the scheme. Connection from outside the service area is at Sydney Water s sole discretion and is subject to: a review of uncommitted spare capacity the property owner being prepared to comply with Sydney Water s requirements the property owner having the relevant planning approval under NSW planning law the connection being at the property owner s cost. Customers not supplied with this equipment would need to supply, install and maintain appropriate equipment (see Section 4.2 for details). Equipment not supplied by Sydney Water, would have to be approved by Sydney Water before it is installed. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 17

19 Figure 1 Buxton locality and LGA map Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 18

20 Figure 2 Buxton Wastewater Scheme service area and scheme envelope map Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 19

21 2.2 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act Approval Pathway The EP&A Act and EP&A Reg provide the framework for assessing environmental impacts and obtaining planning approvals for developments in NSW. Implementation of the EP&A Act is the responsibility of the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure, statutory authorities and local councils. The EP&A Act identifies three pathways for planning approval: part 4 provides for control of local development that requires development consent from the local Council. State Significant Development, is assessed under Division 4.1 of Part 4. part 5 provides for control of activities that do not require approval or development consent under Part 4. part 5.1 provides an assessment pathway for State Significant Infrastructure. The proposed scheme does not require development consent under Part 4 of the EP&A Act and is not classified as State Significant Infrastructure under Part 5.1 as outlined in Sections 2.3 and 2.4 of this REF. As outlined in Sections and 2.3.2, the proposed scheme is permissible without consent and therefore has been assessed under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. This REF has been prepared to determine if the proposed scheme is likely to have a significant impact on the environment. If a determining authority decides an activity would be likely to significantly affect the environment it must prepare an environmental impact statement. Furthermore, if the proposed scheme were to be carried out on land that is critical habitat, or if the determining authority decides the proposed scheme would be likely to significantly affect a threatened species, population or ecological community or its habitat then it must obtain and consider a species impact statement. As the proposed scheme is unlikely to have a significant impact on the environment or a threatened species, population or ecological community or on land that is critical habitat, an EIS or Species Impact Statement (SIS) are not required. Factors that need to be taken into account when considering the likely impact of an activity on the environment are outlined in Clause 228 of the EP&A Reg and are discussed in Appendix 1. This REF fulfils Sydney Water s obligations under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. It satisfies Section 111 of the EP&A Act and Clause 228 of the EP&A Reg by: Assessing the likely environmental impacts of providing a reticulated wastewater service to the village of Buxton Confirming whether or not the construction, operation and maintenance of the proposed scheme would have a significant impact on the environment Identifying appropriate mitigation measures Section 5A (seven part test) Section 5A of the EP&A Act requires that a determination be made as to whether a proposed action is likely to have a significant effect on species, populations and ecological communities listed in Schedules 1, 1A and 2 of the Threatened Species and Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) and Schedules 4, 4A, and 5 of the Fisheries Management Act A flora and fauna assessment for the Buxton scheme envelope was prepared by LesryK environmental consultants in November 2012 (refer to Appendix 2, with reference to Part 5A of the EP&A Act. During the field investigations undertaken, two species, Hairy Geebung (listed as endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) and under the TSC Act) and the Mittagong Geebung (listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act and as endangered under the TSC Act) were recorded in the scheme envelope. In addition, habitat for two flora species (Darwinia peduncularis and Small-flower Grevillea) listed under the TSC Act was recorded. No endangered flora populations were detected or considered to occur during the flora and fauna assessment. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 20

22 No species listed under Schedule 2 of the TSC Act were recorded. However, given that no nocturnal work was undertaken and hollow-bearing trees were recorded, there is the potential for four threatened hollow-dependent microchiropterans (being the Eastern Falsistrelle, the Large-footed Myotis, the Greater Broad-nosed Bat and the East-coast Freetail Bat) to occur within the scheme envelope. An assessment using the criteria provided under Section 5A of the EP&A Act (also known as the seven-part test) was undertaken as part of the flora and fauna investigation for the Hairy Geebung, the Mittagong Geebung, the habitat for the two potentially occurring threatened plants and the four potentially occurring microchiropterans (Appendix 2). The assessment concluded that the proposed scheme would not have a significant impact on these species. Disturbance and modification is considered unlikely to have a significant effect on any threatened plants or animals, their populations and habitats and therefore the preparation of a Species Impact Statement is not required. 2.3 State Environmental Planning Policies State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 (ISEPP) came into force on 1 January 2008 and applies to the entire State. The aim of the ISEPP is to facilitate the effective delivery of infrastructure by, among other things, improving regulatory certainty and efficiency by applying a consistent planning regime for infrastructure and the provision of services. The ISEPP repealed a number of other environmental planning instruments relating to infrastructure. Under Clause 106(2)(a), water recycling facilities are permissible without consent if they are undertaken by or on behalf of a public authority within a prescribed zone. Under Clause 105, the definition of water recycling facilities is: water recycling facility means a facility for the treatment of sewage effluent, stormwater or waste water for use as an alternative supply to mains water, groundwater or river water (including sewer mining works), whether the facility stands alone or is associated with other development, and includes associated: (a) retention structures, and (b) treatment works, and (c) irrigation schemes. The water recycling plant (WRP) and subsurface irrigation components of the proposed scheme fall under this definition of a water recycling facility. Under Clause 105, a prescribed zone is defined as the following: prescribed zone means any of the following land use zones or a land use zone that is equivalent to any of those zones: (a) RU1 Primary Production, (b) RU2 Rural Landscape, (c) RU4 Rural Small Holdings, (d) IN1 General Industrial, (e) IN3 Heavy Industrial, (f) SP1 Special Activities, (g) SP2 Infrastructure. The proposed WRP and subsurface irrigation at 510 West Parade would be located within the RU1 Primary Production zone. The subsurface irrigation at 10 Jumbunna Place is located within the RU2 Rural Landscape zone. These are prescribed zones. As the WRP and subsurface irrigation components of the proposed scheme are defined as a water recycling facility, are located within a Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 21

23 prescribed zone, and are to be undertaken by Sydney Water (a public authority), these aspects of the proposed scheme are permissible without consent. Under Clause 106(3)(a), development for the purposes of a sewage reticulation system may be carried out by a public authority without consent on any land. Clause 105 defines a sewage reticulation system as the following: sewage reticulation system means a facility for the collection and transfer of sewage to a sewage treatment plant or water recycling facility for treatment, or transfer of the treated water for use or disposal, including associated: (a) pipelines and tunnels, and (b) pumping stations, and (c) dosing facilities, and (d) odour control works, and (e) sewage overflow structures, and (f) vent stacks. The proposed scheme includes on-site collection tanks, transfer mains and associated infrastructure (such as air release facilities) that meet the definition of a sewage reticulation system. Under Clause 106(3)(a) of the ISEPP, the construction of the reticulation system is permissible without consent on any land as it would be undertaken by a public authority (Sydney Water). All components of the proposed scheme are permissible without consent under either Clause 106(2)(a) or 106(3)(a) of the ISEPP. As the scheme envelope adjoins Thirlmere Lakes National Park, consultation with the National Parks and Wildlife Service is required under Clause 16(2)(a) State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) 2011 State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) 2011 (SRD SEPP) was reviewed to determine whether the proposed scheme requires approval under Part 5.1 of the EP&A Act. Under Clause 8(1) of the SRD SEPP, development is declared State Significant Development for the purposes of the EP&A Act if: (a) the development on the land concerned is, by the operation of an environmental planning instrument, not permissible without development consent under Part 4 of the Act, and (b) the development is specified in Schedule 1 or 2. The proposed scheme does not meet the criteria for State Significant Development under Clause 8(1)(a) because it is permissible without development consent under Part 4 of the EP&A Act due to the application of Clause 106 of the ISEPP. Under Clause 14(1) of the SRD SEPP, development is declared State significant infrastructure for the purposes of the EP&A Act if: (a) the development on the land concerned is, by the operation of a State environmental planning policy, permissible without development consent under Part 4 of the Act, and (b) the development is specified in Schedule 3. Under Clause 1 of Schedule 3 of the SRD SEPP relates to general public authority activities and states that: Infrastructure or other development that (but for Part 5.1 of the Act and within the meaning of Part 5 of the Act) would be an activity for which the proponent is also the determining authority and would, in the opinion of the proponent, require an environmental impact statement to be obtained under Part 5 of the Act. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 22

24 The proposed scheme would not require an environmental impact statement under Part 5 of the EP&A Act as it is unlikely to result in significant environmental impacts. As the proposed scheme is not of a type specified in Schedule 3, it is not State significant infrastructure. Based on the above, the proposed scheme is not State significant infrastructure requiring approval under Part 5.1 of the EP&A Act State Environmental Planning Policy 19 Bushland in Urban areas The aim of State Environmental Planning Policy (SEPP) 19 is to protect and preserve bushland in urban areas. The SEPP specifically aims to protect: remnant plant communities, vegetation remnants and wildlife corridors, rare and endangered flora and fauna, habitats for native flora and fauna, natural landforms and significant geological features, archaeological relics and its scenic, recreational and educational potential. SEPP 19 does not apply in Wollondilly Shire and Wingecarribee Shire (as they are not listed within Schedule 1 of SEPP 19 which lists the areas and parts to which SEPP 19 applies). Development approval is not required for the purposes of constructing, operating and maintaining water and sewer pipelines. However, public authorities must not clear bushland for these purposes without having regard to the aims of the policy. Assets are to be located in disturbed road easements and other cleared areas as much as possible. If this is not possible, mitigation measures such as under-boring may be used to avoid impacts. As a result, the proposed scheme is consistent with the aims of SEPP State Environmental Planning Policy 33 Hazardous and offensive development SEPP 33 defines hazardous and offensive development and sets out requirements for considering an application for hazardous or offensive development. SEPP 33 only applies to developments requiring consent under Part 4 of the EP&A Act. As the proposed scheme would be approved under Part 5 of the EP&A Act, the requirements of SEPP 33 would not apply State Environmental Planning Policy 44 Koala habitat protection The purpose of SEPP 44 is to encourage the conservation and management of koala habitat to ensure permanent free living populations are maintained over their current range. SEPP 44 applies to Wollondilly and Wingecarribee Shire LGAs. An assessment of the implications of SEPP 44 for the proposed scheme is included as part of the flora and fauna assessment in Appendix 2. The assessment found that two eucalypt species listed under Schedule 2 of SEPP 44 as Koala Feed Trees were recorded in the scheme envelope, these being Grey Gum (Eucalyptus punctata) and Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis). These feed trees constitute less than 15% of the trees present on the affected land. Therefore, in accordance with the definitions provided under SEPP 44, the subject site is not considered to constitute Potential (or Core) Koala habitat. As such, the proposed scheme can proceed as planned without requiring the preparation of a Plan of Management for the conservation and management of areas of Koala habitat State Environmental Planning Policy 55 Remediation of Land The purpose of SEPP 55 is to promote the remediation of contaminated land for the purpose of reducing the risk of harm to human health or any other aspect of the environment. A search of the OEH Contaminated Lands Record on 19 th October 2012 found no records of notices in the vicinity of the proposed scheme envelope. The Buxton Waste Classification Report prepared by Network Geotechnics (Appendix 3) indicated a very low risk of contamination within the scheme envelope. It is possible that the railway loop running through the village may be a historic source of soil and groundwater contamination, however no contamination was identified and no contamination notices have been issued. There is also potential for soil contamination from poorly performing onsite systems within the proposed scheme area. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 23

25 There are no known areas of contamination within the scheme envelope, however unknown contaminated areas may be discovered during construction (such as the potential to discover contaminated areas along the railway or due to poorly performing on-site systems). The type of contamination and remediation actions required would be determined during construction State Environmental Planning Policy Sydney Drinking Water Catchment 2011 The proposed WRP and subsurface irrigation components located at 510 West Parade are located within the SDWC. Part 3, Clause 12 of SEPP (Sydney Drinking Water Catchment 2011) requires Sydney Water (as a public authority) to consider whether the proposed activity would have a Neutral or Beneficial Effect (NorBE) with respect to water quality. A Land Capability Assessment prepared by BMT WBM included a NorBE assessment in accordance with the requirements of the SCA (BMT WBM 2013, Appendix 4). For consistency, the NorBE assessment was extended to cover the entire land treatment system (LTS) including 510 West Parade and 10 Jumbunna Place, which drains to the Bargo River rather than the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment. The NorBE assessment (see Section 5.4.3) concludes that NorBE is achieved Sydney REP 20 Hawkesbury-Nepean River (deemed SEPP as of 1 July 2009) The aim of Sydney REP 20 is to protect the environment of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River System by ensuring that the impacts of future land use are considered in a regional context. Part 2 of Sydney REP 20 contains specific planning policies and related strategies that must be considered. Although the proposed scheme does not fit into categories to which the development controls outlined in Clause 11 of the REP apply, the aims, policies and strategies outlined in this REP have been taken into consideration. The proposed scheme avoids environmental impacts where possible, and this includes selecting work areas that minimise impact on existing land uses. It is not expected that the proposed scheme would have a significant impact on existing land use. 2.4 Local Environmental Plans Wollondilly Local Environmental Plan 2011 The proposed scheme is located within the Wollondilly local government area (LGA) and therefore the Wollondilly Local Environmental Plan 2011 (Wollondilly LEP) may apply to the proposed scheme. As shown in Figure 3, under the Wollondilly LEP, the proposed scheme would be located in the following zones: RU1 Primary Production RU2 Rural Landscape RU4 Primary Production Small Lots R2 Low Density Residential R5 Large Lot Residential B1 Neighbourhood Centre E3 Environmental Management RE1 Public Recreation SP2 Infrastructure (Road and Railway). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 24

26 Figure 3 Wollondilly LEP 2011 Zoning Map, Buxton Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 25

27 Permissibility The proposed scheme is permissible without consent under the R2, R5, B1 and RE1 zones as the works are defined as a sewerage system. The proposed scheme is prohibited either in its entirety or components of the proposed scheme within the RU1, RU2, RU4, E3 and SP2 zones. However, Clause 5.12 of the Wollondilly LEP does not restrict or prohibit, or enable the restriction or prohibition of the carrying out of any development, by or on behalf of a public authority, that is permitted to be carried out with or without development consent, or that is exempt development, under the ISEPP. Sydney Water is defined as a public authority under Section 4 of the EP&A Act 1979, and as outlined in Section of this REF, the proposed scheme is permissible without consent. The proposed scheme therefore does not require development consent from Council. Heritage There are six locally listed heritage items in close proximity to the proposed scheme that are listed under Schedule 5 of the Wollondilly LEP. Details of locally listed heritage items are provided in Section 5.6. Part 5.10 of the Wollondilly LEP outlines consent requirements for undertaking activities within identified heritage conservation areas (such as within the curtilage of locally listed heritage items). The ISEPP overrides the need for development consent from Wollondilly Shire Council. However Clause 14 (2) of the ISEPP states: (1) This clause applies to development carried out by or on behalf of a public authority if the development: (a) is likely to have an impact that is not minor or inconsequential on a local heritage item (other than a local heritage item that is also a State heritage item) or a heritage conservation area, and (b) is development that this Policy provides may be carried out without consent. (2) A public authority, or a person acting on behalf of a public authority, must not carry out development to which this clause applies unless the authority or the person has: (a) had an assessment of the impact prepared, and (b) given written notice of the intention to carry out the development, with a copy of the assessment, to the council for the area in which the heritage item or heritage conservation area (or the relevant part of such an area) is located, and (c) taken into consideration any response to the notice that is received from the council within 21 days after the notice is given. The heritage assessment provided in Section 5.6 has determined that the proposed scheme would not adversely affect the heritage significance of the listed items. In accordance with Clause 14 (2) (b) written notification to Wollondilly Shire Council will be provided prior to construction works occurring within the curtilage of any heritage items. Preservation of trees and vegetation Part 5.9 of the Wollondilly LEP outlines consent requirements for the removal of trees or vegetation. The purpose of this part is to preserve the amenity of the area, including biodiversity values, through the preservation of trees and other vegetation. The clearing of vegetation is to be minimised where possible during the detailed design, construction planning and construction phases. Development consent is not required under Wollondilly LEP because the proposed scheme has been assessed under Part 5 of the EP&A Act Wingecarribee Local Environmental Plan 2010 Orange Road is an unclassified road under the care and control of Wingecarribee Shire Council and forms the southern edge of the scheme envelope. Permissibility in this area is detailed in Section Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 26

28 2.5 Other NSW environmental legislative considerations Heritage Act 1977 The Heritage Act 1977 is concerned with all aspects of conservation ranging from the most basic protection against indiscriminate damage and demolition of buildings and sites, through to restoration and enhancement. Heritage places and items of particular importance to the people of NSW are listed under Section 1 of the State Heritage Register. Section 139 of the Heritage Act 1977 prohibits a person from disturbing or excavating any land on which the person has discovered or exposed a relic, except in accordance with an excavation permit or a notification granting exception for the permit. Items listed under Section 1 of the State Heritage Register may require a permit under Section 139 of the Heritage Act There are no items listed under Section 1 of the State Heritage Register within the scheme envelope. While two properties, Buxton Primary School and Buxton House are listed on the register (under Section 2), they are only locally listed items listed under Section 2 on the State Heritage Register. These have been listed by Wollondilly Shire Council and are located in close proximity to the proposed scheme. No permit under Section 139 would be obtained for listings under Section 2 of the State Heritage Register. Section 5.6 of this REF provides details of the heritage items and required mitigation measures Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 The Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) provides the statutory framework for managing biota of conservation significance in NSW. The TSC Act aims to, conserve biological diversity and promote ecologically sustainable development. It provides for: the listing of threatened species, populations and ecological communities, with endangered species, populations and communities listed under Schedule 1, critically endangered species and communities listed under Schedule 1A, vulnerable species and communities listed under Schedule 2 the listing of Key Threatening Processes under Schedule 3 the preparation and implementation of Recovery Plans and Threat Abatement Plans requirements or otherwise for the preparation of a Species Impact Statement. The TSC Act has been addressed in this REF through: desktop review to determine the threatened species, populations or ecological communities that have been previously recorded within the locality of the site and consequently could occur subject to the habitats present targeted field surveys for threatened species listed under the Act that have the potential to occur at the site identifying, assessing and mapping endangered ecological communities listed under the Act identifying suitable impact mitigation and environmental management measures for threatened species, where required assessing the potential significance of impacts on threatened biota, in accordance with Section 5A of the EP&A Act. A flora and fauna assessment was undertaken for the scheme envelope (see Appendix 2). During field investigations, two species, Hairy Geebung (listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act) and the Mittagong Geebung (listed as endangered under the TSC Act) were recorded in the scheme envelope. In addition, habitat for two flora species (Darwinia peduncularis and Small-flower Grevillea) listed under the TSC Act was recorded. No endangered flora populations were detected or considered to occur during the flora and fauna assessment. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 27

29 No species listed under Schedule 2 of the TSC Act were recorded. However, given that no nocturnal work was undertaken and hollow-bearing trees were recorded, there is the potential for four threatened hollow-dependent microchiropterans (being the Eastern Falsistrelle, the Large-footed Myotis, the Greater Broad-nosed Bat and the East-coast Freetail Bat) to occur within the study region. Details of these reviews and assessments are provided in the flora and fauna assessment provided in Appendix 2. In addition an assessment using the criteria provided under Section 5A of the EP&A Act was undertaken in the flora and fauna assessment (also refer to Section 2.2.2) National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 Aboriginal sites and objects The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act) provides the basis for legal protection and management of Aboriginal sites and objects in NSW. The implementation of the Aboriginal heritage provisions in the NPW Act is the responsibility of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. The NPW Act was amended in 2010 with the major changes relating to due diligence and liability associated with impacts on items of Aboriginal heritage significance. Section 86 of the NPW Act states that: (1) A person must not harm or desecrate an object that the person knows is an Aboriginal object. (2) A person must not harm an Aboriginal object. (4) A person must not harm or desecrate an Aboriginal place. (5) The offences under subsections (2) and (4) are offences of strict liability and the defence of honest and reasonable mistake of fact applies. Section 87 prescribes defences available under the NPW Act which include: The harm or desecration was authorised by an Aboriginal heritage impact permit (Section 87(1)(a)). The defendant exercised due diligence to determine whether the act or omission constituting the alleged offence would harm an Aboriginal object and reasonably determined that no Aboriginal object would be harmed (Section 87(2)). That the act or omission constituting the alleged offence is prescribed by the regulations as a low impact act or omission (Section 87(4)). The strict liability offence of harming Aboriginal objects has a number of defences, including the statutory defence of due diligence, which can include compliance with an adopted industry code of practice. The need to follow a due diligence process is removed if the proponent is carrying out a low impact activity as defined in the National Parks and Wildlife Regulation A search of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) database was undertaken on 11 th October 2012 and the results indicated there no recorded items located within the scheme envelope for the proposed scheme. The Aboriginal cultural heritage due diligence assessment for Buxton (refer to Appendix 5) concludes that the proposed scheme is unlikely to harm Aboriginal sites or objects. No further archaeological investigation is required prior to the commencement of the proposed scheme. Flora and fauna The NPW Act also defines those species listed as protected in NSW. Under the definitions of the NPW Act, protected fauna means fauna of a species not named in Schedule 11. Schedule 11 of the NPW Act provides a list of unprotected fauna. Under Section 98, it is unlawful for a person to harm any protected fauna. Schedule 13 of the NPW Act provides a list of protected flora. Under Section 118A it is an offence for a person to pick any plant that is of, or is part of, a threatened species, an endangered population or an endangered ecological community where pick includes gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, poison, take, dig up, crush, trample, remove or injure the plant or any part of the plant. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 28

30 Both Section 98 and 118A do not apply in relation to activities which are essential for the carrying out of an activity by a determining authority within the meaning of Part 5 of that Act (meaning the EP&A Act) if the determining authority has complied with that Part. Sydney Water is the determining authority for the proposed scheme under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. This REF fulfils Sydney Water s obligations under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. Details of the flora and fauna assessment are provided in Section Mine Subsidence Compensation Act 1961 and Regulation 2012 The provisions of the Mine Subsidence Compensation Act 2007 (MSC Act) ensure that areas at risk from subsidence from mining activities are identified as Mine Subsidence Areas. Certain colliery owners contribute to a compensation fund, used to compensate parties if mine subsidence can be shown to have damaged property. Rates of contribution and claims processes are detailed in the Mine Subsidence Compensation Regulation 2012 (MSC Reg). Under Section 15 of the MSC Act, Sydney Water would seek approval for the proposed scheme from the Mine Subsidence Board (MSB) once detailed design is complete. Any future claims would be submitted to the MSB in accordance with the requirements of the MSC Reg Native Vegetation Act 2003 The Native Vegetation Act 2003 (NV Act) regulates the clearing of native vegetation on all land in NSW except for land listed in Schedule 1 of the NV Act. Excluded land under Schedule 1 of the NV Act includes National Parks and other conservation areas, State forests and reserves, and urban areas. Specifically, urban areas, which are excluded, include areas zoned residential (but not rural residential), village, township, industrial or business. Under Clause 25, the NV Act provides that This Act does not apply to the following types of clearing of native vegetation: (g) any clearing that is, or is part of, an activity carried out by a determining authority within the meaning of Part 5 of the EP&A Act if the determining authority has complied with that Part. The clearing of vegetation is to be minimised where possible during the detailed design and construction planning phases. Regardless, approval under the NV Act is not required to clear native vegetation because the proposed scheme falls under Part 5 of the EP&A Act Water Management Act 2000 The Water Management Act 2000 (WM Act) controls the extraction of and use of water, the construction of works such as dams and weirs, and the carrying out of activities in or near water sources in NSW. Water sources' are defined very broadly and include any river, lake, estuary or place where water occurs naturally on or below the surface of the ground, and NSW coastal waters. If a controlled activity' is proposed on waterfront land', an approval is required under the WM Act (Section 91E). The proposed scheme falls within the definition of a controlled activity. Under the WM Act, waterfront land is defined as land within 40m of a river, lake, estuary or shoreline. A river includes: (a) any watercourse, whether perennial or intermittent and whether comprising a natural channel or a natural channel artificially improved, (b) any tributary, branch or other watercourse into or from which a watercourse referred to in paragraph (a) flows, and (c) anything declared by the regulations to be a river. On 1 July 2012 new rules commenced regarding controlled activities within riparian corridors. The new rules amend the riparian corridor widths that apply to watercourses, providing more flexibility in how riparian corridors can be used and making it easier for applicants to determine the Office of Water controlled activity approval requirements. These changes will simplify the controlled activities application and assessment process, provide greater flexibility, help make more land available for housing, support floodplain, stormwater and bush fire management, and allow riparian corridors to be used for public amenity whilst continuing to deliver environmental outcomes required under the WM Act. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 29

31 The proposed scheme is located within 40m of a number of unnamed waterways and drainage lines in and around Buxton, and therefore a controlled activity approval would be required under Section 91 of the WM Act. However, pursuant to Clause 38 of the Water Management (General) Regulation 2011, public authorities are exempt from the requirements of Section 91E of the WM Act. As Sydney Water is a public authority, approval is not required under Section 91E of the WM Act Roads Act 1993 The Roads Act 1993 is administered by NSW Roads and Maritime Services (RMS), councils or the Department of Lands. RMS has jurisdiction for classified roads, council for non-classified roads and the Department of Lands for road reserves or Crown roads. Under Section 138, Part 9, Division 3 of the Roads Act 1993, a person must not impact or carry out work on or over a public road otherwise than with the consent of the appropriate roads authority. Most roads within the scheme envelope are unclassified roads under the care and control of Wollondilly Shire Council, and some roads in the south of the village are under the care and control of the Wingecarribee Shire Council. West Parade is an unclassified regional road where maintenance of the road is half funded by RMS. However, the West Parade is fully under the control of Wollondilly Shire Council. Clause 5 of Schedule 2 of the Roads Act 1993 relates to the application of Section 138. Section 138 does not require a public authority to obtain a roads authority s consent to exercise its functions in, on or over an unclassified road other than a Crown road. As a public authority, Sydney Water does not require consent from either Wollondilly or Wingecarribee Shire Council to disturb the surface of the roads. However, Sydney Water would give both Councils written notice of its intention to carry out the proposed scheme Water Act 1912 A groundwater licence under Part 5 of the Water Act 1912 is required to extract groundwater from a bore. Section 105 defines a bore as a well or any excavation or other work connected or proposed to be connected with sources of subsurface water and used or proposed to be used or capable of being used to obtain supplies of such water whether the water flows naturally at all times or has to be raised either wholly or at times by pumping or other artificial means to be licensed. Potential for interaction with subsurface water is limited to the construction phase of the proposed scheme. Boring and excavation undertaken to construct components of the proposed scheme may connect with sources of subsurface water, however, any groundwater removed from the bore or excavation to allow construction to proceed would not be used as a water supply or connected to a water supply network. Therefore, a licence under Part 5 of the Water Act 1912 is not required for the proposed scheme Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 The Protection of Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act) focuses on protecting, restoring and enhancing the environment within New South Wales through the use of various mechanisms, reduce potential risks to human health and the environment. It aims to provide opportunity for increased public involvement and access to information regarding environmental protection. Under Schedule 1, clause 36 of the POEO Act, an activity is declared to be a scheduled activity if a sewage treatment system has a processing capacity that exceeds: a) 2,500 persons equivalent, as determined in accordance with guidelines established by an EPA Gazettal notice, or b) 750 kilolitres per day. The proposed scheme would be designed with capacity for 334 kl per day, and to provide wastewater services to approximately 2163 Equivalent Population which does not exceed the thresholds, and therefore the proposed scheme is not a scheduled activity. A licence for scheduled development work would not be required under Schedule 1 of the POEO Act. As the WRP and irrigation area at 510 West Parade is located within the SDWC, Sydney Water would obtain an EPL from the NSW EPA for construction of the WRP and irrigation areas under Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 30

32 Section 122 of the POEO Act. Sydney Water would also obtain an EPL for the operation of the system under Section 122 of the POEO Act Noxious Weeds Act 1993 The Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NW Act) provides for the declaration of noxious weeds by the Minister for Primary Industries. Noxious weeds may be considered noxious on a national, state, regional or local scale. All private landowners, occupiers, public authorities and Councils are required to control noxious weeds on their land under Part 3 Division 1 of the NW Act. As such, if present, noxious weeds on the site should be assessed and controlled. Five (5) noxious weed species were found during the flora and fauna assessment of the scheme envelope. All weed species identified would require control where they occur within construction and operational areas. Details of the flora and fauna assessment are provided in Section Fisheries Management Act 1994 The Fisheries Management Act 1994 (FM Act) provides for the conservation of the State s aquatic resources and is administered by the Department of Primary Industries (DPI). The FM Act requires that potential impacts on threatened species and aquatic habitat be addressed during the environmental planning and assessment process. A flora and fauna assessment was conducted as part of the REF and identified that no significant impact was likely on any threatened aquatic species or habitat, as no threatened fish are considered to occupy any of the drainage lines present within, or close to the scheme envelope (refer to Appendix 2). The flora and fauna assessment also assessed the proposed scheme against the Key Threatening Process listed under Schedule 6 of the FM Act. The degradation of native riparian vegetation along NSW watercourses has been listed as a Key Threatening Processes. To ensure that the proposed scheme does not contribute to this Key Threatening Process, it is recommended that riparian vegetation be retained within a buffer on either side of the unnamed creek at the 510 West Parade site (see Section 5.5) Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001 The purpose of the Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2011 (WARR Act) is to develop and support the implementation of regional and local programs to meet the outcomes of a state-wide strategy for waste avoidance and resource recovery. It also aims to, minimise the consumption of natural resources and final disposal of waste by encouraging the avoidance of waste and the reuse and recycling of waste. Waste generation and disposal reporting would be undertaken during the construction and operation of the proposed scheme Sydney Water Catchment Management Regulation 2008 The Sydney Water Catchment Management Regulation 2008 (SWCM Reg) allows the Sydney Catchment Authority to protect water quality and manage the catchments by exercising certain regulatory functions over non-scheduled premises and activities under the POEO Act Under certain provisions of the SWCM Reg the SCA has the same functions as the EPA or any other regulatory authority in relation to relevant non-scheduled activities and in relation to an offence set out in Part 3 of the SWCM Reg. The proposed WRP and irrigation field at 510 West Parade are located within the SDWC catchment. Sydney Water would obtain an EPL from the NSW EPA under Section 122 of the POEO Act for construction of the WRP and irrigation areas, in accordance with the requirements of Clause 12 of the Sydney Water Catchment Management Regulation Sydney Water would also obtain an EPL for the operation of the system under Section 122 of the POEO Act. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 31

33 2.6 Commonwealth legislation Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) prescribes the Commonwealth s role in environmental assessment, biodiversity conservation and the management of protected areas and species, populations and communities, and heritage items. The EPBC Act applies to all land, waters, seabed and airspace in, under or above Australia. Approval under the EPBC Act is required for: An action which has, will have or is likely to have a significant impact on matters of national environmental significance (MNES). An action by the Commonwealth or a Commonwealth agency which has, will have or is likely to have a significant impact on the environment. An action on Commonwealth land which has, will have or is likely to have a significant impact on the environment. An action, which has, will have, or is likely to have, a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land, no matter where it is to be carried out. Where the proponent considers that an action will have or is likely to have a significant impact on MNES, or on Commonwealth land, a referral is made to the Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC). If it is determined through the referral process by SEWPaC that a project is likely to have a significant impact on a MNES, or on Commonwealth land, then the project is a controlled action and approval from the Commonwealth Minister for SEWPaC would be required. Matters of National Environmental Significance An EPBC Act Protected Matters Report was generated using the protected matters search tool on 19 th October The search was completed for a five kilometre (5km) radius around the village of Buxton. The results listed the following matters for consideration: World Heritage Properties 1 National Heritage Places 1 Wetlands of International Significance None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park None Commonwealth Marine Areas None Threatened Ecological Communities 3 Threatened Species 38 Migratory Species 15 The World Heritage property and National Heritage Place is the Blue Mountains National Park. The proposed scheme boundaries do not fall within the boundaries of the Blue Mountains National Park. Therefore it is unlikely the proposed scheme would have a significant impact on this MNES. A flora and fauna assessment of the scheme envelope recorded the presence of one flora species, Hairy Geebung, listed as endangered under the EPBC Act, one flora species, Mittagong Geebung listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act and habitat for the flora species Small-flower Grevillea listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act. No animals listed (or currently being considered for listing) under the EPBC Act (either as threatened or migratory) were recorded during the field investigations. Within and close to the scheme envelope, no areas of unique habitat were observed for any of those species listed under the EPBC Act that have been previously recorded in this locality. Four of the birds recorded, are listed as occurring within a Family (Families as in the Taxonomic classification system) of birds listed as migratory under the EPBC Act. These species were Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 32

34 observed in association with their documented habitat types. Although listed as occurring within a Family of migratory birds, these species are not considered to be migratory within Australia. As such, no further assessment (i.e. giving consideration to the Significant Impact Guidelines provided in association with the EPBC Act for a migratory species) is required. The flora and fauna assessment concludes that the proposed scheme would be unlikely to result in a significant impact on these MNES. The proposed scheme has not been referred to SEWPaC under the EPBC Act. The flora and fauna assessment is provided in Appendix Native Title Act 1993 The Native Title Act 1993 recognises native title rights and sets down some basic principles in relation to native title in Australia. The Buxton area is subject to a native title claim from the Gundungurra Tribal Council Aboriginal Corporation. Under Section 228 of the Native Title Act, an act affects native title if it extinguishes the native title rights and interests or if it is otherwise wholly or partly inconsistent with their continued existence, enjoyment or exercise. The Aboriginal Heritage due diligence assessment (refer to Appendix 5) was undertaken, and as part of the due diligence assessment the Gundungurra Tribal Council were: invited to attend the field inspection, however they were unable to attend provided a copy of the Aboriginal Heritage due diligence assessment for comment, however no response was received The Aboriginal Heritage due diligence assessment was undertaken in conjunction with the Tharawal Local Aboriginal Land Council. During the assessment, no Aboriginal objects or places were identified within the scheme envelope. The Aboriginal Heritage due diligence assessment concludes that the proposed scheme does not: contravene the purpose of the Native Title Act which, recognises native title rights impact any Aboriginal objects or places and therefore does not impact on the native title claim. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 33

35 3 Options assessment and justification for the proposed scheme 3.1 Proposed scheme need The village of Buxton is not currently serviced by a reticulated wastewater system. Properties within the service area are currently using a range of on-site wastewater management systems including: septic tanks with road tanker pump-out septic tanks with on-site soil absorption aeration treatment with soil absorption. On-site management systems which are leaking or overflowing can adversely impact on the quality of surface water entering the stormwater network. Many of the existing on-site management systems are performing poorly, resulting in the following issues: system capacity being exceeded due to infiltration wet weather impacts where on-site disposal is ineffective due to waterlogged ground surface flows caused by poor maintenance of systems odour issues due to poorly maintained systems, the transfer of wastewater from septic tanks to tankers and illegal discharge significant costs to some households to operate on-site systems. Currently, pump-out waste is collected by private wastewater management companies and transferred by road tanker to facilities licensed to receive the waste. The majority of the companies servicing the Buxton area discharge at a facility in Ruse operated by Campbelltown City Council. This facility discharges to Sydney Water s Glenfield wastewater system under a trade waste agreement with Sydney Water. The proposed scheme is needed as it would provide a reticulated wastewater management service to the Buxton village that would collect, transport and treat wastewater in a manner that: reduces risks to public health improves public amenity provides for environmental improvement provides capacity for limited growth within the service area. 3.2 Development and assessment of options A range of options were developed that included possible solutions to meet Sydney Water s objectives. All options were firstly assessed against mandatory criteria, capturing the regulatory requirements, and fatal flaws from a technical, social, economic and environmental perspective. Performance of gravity and hybrid (gravity and pressure combination) collection systems were identified as high risk due to potential for mine subsidence in the area, given that both systems rely on pipe grade to transfer flows. Two options were carried forward for more detailed assessment: Option 1 Pressure Collection, Jumbunna Place treatment and irrigation Option 2 Pressure Collection, West Parade treatment and dual irrigation Descriptions of these options are outlined in Sections and The detailed assessment of these options considered both the level of service provided and alignment with Sydney Water business and project objectives. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 34

36 Ultimately the major risk for options is the viability of the land identified for the irrigation fields and the availability of land for acquisition. A land capability assessment (LCA) was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of land at the potential wastewater irrigation sites. Details of the LCA are discussed in Section Option 1 Pressure Collection, Jumbunna Place treatment and irrigation This option provides Pressure Sewerage System (PSS) collection to all properties within the service area. All serviced properties would require an on-property collection tank with a grinder pump. The pump transfers macerated wastewater into polyethylene pressure reticulation pipes, which have no dependency on grade and may be laid via open trenching or trenchless methods. Properties serviced by PSS would pump wastewater to a high point in Buxton where flows would connect with the gravity transfer main. A barometric loop would be located at the connection point. Approximately 3.2km of transfer main would be installed along East Parade and Hassall Road to Jumbunna Place. The transfer main pipework would consist of pipe laid at grade through the use of open trench construction methods. A lift wastewater pumping station (WWPS) would boost flows along the transfer main to a new WRP on the eastern portion of 10 Jumbunna Place. The WRP would incorporate a chemical dosing unit (CDU) and facilities required for secondary treatment of wastewater. Treated wastewater (effluent) would be would be directed to a subsurface irrigation field on 10 Jumbunna Place and two adjacent properties. The subsurface irrigation field would have associated stormwater management measures and be planted with perennial rye-grass, which would be harvested as fodder Option 2 Pressure Collection, West Parade treatment and dual irrigation This option provides PSS collection to all properties within the service area. All properties would require an on-property collection tank with a grinder pump. The pump transfers macerated wastewater into polyethylene pressure reticulation pipes, which have no dependency on grade and may be laid via open trenching or trenchless methods. Properties serviced by PSS would pump wastewater to a high point in Buxton where flows would connect with the gravity transfer main. A barometric loop would be located at the connection point. Approximately 670m of transfer main would be installed along West Parade. The transfer main pipework would consist of pipe laid at grade through the use of open trench construction methods. A lift WWPS located at the southern corner of 510 West Parade would boost flows along the transfer main to a new WRP on the 510 West Parade site. The WWPS and WRP would incorporate chemical dosing, and the WRP would incorporate facilities required for secondary treatment of wastewater. Effluent would be directed to two separate subsurface irrigation fields, the first adjacent to the WRP at 510 West Parade and the second at 10 Jumbunna Place. The Jumbunna Place irrigation field would be connected to the WRP by a pressure irrigation main of approximately 1400m long. The irrigation main pipework would consist of pipe laid at grade through the use of open trench and trenchless construction methods. Each subsurface irrigation field would have associated stormwater management measures and be planted with perennial rye-grass, which would be harvested as fodder. 3.3 Suitability of irrigation sites Based on the outcomes of the Feasibility of Land Treatment by Subsurface Irrigation at Buxton, prepared by BMT WBM (Appendix 4) slow rate land treatment by subsurface irrigation is considered to be a feasible effluent management option for the proposed scheme. A detailed LCA has been completed for the proposed sites at 510 West Parade and 10 Jumbunna Place, Buxton involving a range of field and desktop investigations (Appendix 4). The LCA was undertaken in line with: Use of Effluent by Irrigation, Department of Environment and Climate Change, 2004 Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 35

37 National Committee on Soil and Terrain, Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook 2009 AS/NZS 1547:2012 On-site domestic wastewater management (wherever applicable) USEPA land treatment process design manual, The LCA also included a screening level risk assessment undertaken in accordance with the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling: Managing Health and Environmental Risks (Phase 1) (Environment Health Protection Council, 2006). Based on the outcomes of the LCA, comprehensive mass balance modelling of the land treatment concept, effluent plumes and background stormwater loads was undertaken to estimate the performance of the system and identify any potential impacts on water quality, hydrology, land, ecosystem health or community amenity and health. Based on the outcomes of this work, a preferred land treatment concept has been developed for Buxton that is considered a feasible, safe and sustainable effluent management option. The proposed irrigation site at 510 West Parade is moderately well suited to slow rate land treatment by subsurface irrigation subject to confirmation and management of any hydraulic restriction posed by rock outcrops (BMT WBM 2013). The proposed irrigation site at 10 Jumbunna Place is well suited to slow rate land treatment by subsurface irrigation with few limitations (BMT WBM 2013). Key messages and recommendations of the LCA are discussed further in Section Selection of the preferred option A multi-criteria analysis was undertaken for these options that incorporated the initial mandatory criteria and the detailed assessment considerations. As a result, the preferred option was identified as Pressure Collection, West Parade Treatment and dual irrigation. Refer to the Buxton Wastewater Servicing Options Report (Sydney Water) for additional selection detail The preferred option The preferred option would provide: on-property pressure wastewater system equipment on each eligible property within the service area a network of collection pipelines (about 8km of pipelines) ancillary facilities (such as air release facilities, isolation valves and flushing points) a barometric loop about 670m of transfer main connecting the reticulation network to a new WWPS a new WWPS and CDU at 510 West Parade, Buxton a new WRP at 510 West Parade, Buxton two perennial rye-grass subsurface irrigation fields (at 510 West Parade and 10 Jumbunna Place) including irrigation pumps, irrigation controls and associated stormwater management improvements about 1400m of irrigation main between the two irrigation field sites services required for the infrastructure (such as electricity and water supply, security fencing and access roadways). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 36

38 3.5 Ecologically sustainable development The proposed scheme has been assessed against the following four principles of ecologically sustainable development (ESD) listed in the Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991: The precautionary principle The principle of inter-generational equity The principle of biological diversity and ecological integrity The principle of improved valuation of environmental resources. An assessment of compliance of the proposed scheme with these principles is provided below Precautionary principle The precautionary principle states that: if there are threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation. In the application of the precautionary principle, public and private decisions should be guided by: (i) careful evaluation to avoid, wherever practicable, serious or irreversible damage to the environment, and (ii) an assessment of the risk-weighted consequences of various options A range of environmental assessments have been undertaken during the preparation of this REF to ensure that the potential environmental impacts are able to be understood with a high degree of certainty. There are not considered to be any threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage. The proposed scheme has evolved to avoid environmental impact where possible and mitigation measures would be implemented to minimise adverse impacts. No mitigation measures have been deferred due to a lack of scientific certainty. The proposed scheme is therefore considered to be consistent with the precautionary principle Principle of inter-generational equity The principle of inter-generation equity states that: the present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment are maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations. Within the scheme envelope land has undergone previous development during construction of the residences, roads and other services. The proposed scheme would not result in any impacts that are likely to impact on the health, diversity or productivity of the environment for future generations. The proposed scheme would however benefit future generations as the village would be connected to a wastewater system which would result in an improvement in the quality of surface water which has the potential to result in impacts to health for the residents of the village Principle of biological diversity and ecological integrity The principle of biological diversity and ecological integrity states that: conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity should be a fundamental consideration. The proposed scheme would avoid impacts to vegetation where possible. Impacts on flora and fauna have been considered in Section 5.5 of this REF Improved valuation of environmental resources The principle of improved valuation of environmental resources states that: environmental factors should be included in the valuation of assets and services, such as: (i) polluter pays that is, those who generate pollution and waste should bear the cost of containment, avoidance or abatement, Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 37

39 (ii) the users of goods and services should pay prices based on the full life cycle of costs of providing goods and services, including the use of natural resources and assets and the ultimate disposal of any waste, (iii) environmental goals, having been established, should be pursued in the most cost effective way, by establishing incentive structures, including market mechanisms, that enable those best placed to maximise benefits or minimise costs to develop their own solutions and responses to environmental problems. The village is not currently serviced by a reticulated wastewater network and leakage from the existing management systems such as septic tanks leads to adverse impacts on water quality. The proposed scheme is expected to reduce the frequency and volume of wastewater overflows and this would reduce risks to public health and improve local water quality. As the proposed scheme is being undertaken with environmental objectives in mind, these outcomes are consistent with the improved valuation of environmental resources. The cost of environmental resources includes the costs incurred to protect the environment. The safeguards imposed to minimise adverse impacts would result in economic costs to the construction and operation of the proposed scheme. This indicates the valuation of environmental resources has been assigned. The proposed scheme would be designed to minimise adverse impacts on the environment by confining works to a defined area and implementing appropriate mitigation measures when impacts are expected. 3.6 Justification The proposed scheme would provide a cost effective reticulated wastewater management service to the Buxton service area that would collect, transport and treat wastewater in a manner that: reduces risks to public health improves public amenity provides for environmental improvement provides capacity for limited growth within the service area. The proposed scheme is considered to benefit the Buxton community and the environment in the long term. The proposed scheme would reduce risks to public health and surface water quality that currently exist due to leaks and discharges from the existing on-site wastewater management systems. Overall, potential impacts associated with the proposed scheme are considered to be minor and can be adequately managed by implementing the mitigation measures outlined in Section 5. As the proposed scheme is unlikely to have a significant impact on the environment, the proposed scheme may proceed. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 38

40 4 Description of the project and activities 4.1 Scope of work The proposed scheme would provide a reticulated wastewater system to the service area of Buxton. The servicing strategy for Buxton comprises: on-property pressure wastewater system equipment on each eligible property within the service area a network of collection pipelines (about 8km of pipelines) ancillary facilities (such as air release facilities, isolation valves and flushing points) a barometric loop about 670m of transfer main connecting the reticulation network to a new WWPS a new WWPS and CDU at 510 West Parade, Buxton a WRP at 510 West Parade, Buxton two perennial rye-grass subsurface irrigation fields (at 510 West Parade and 10 Jumbunna Place) including irrigation pumps, irrigation controls and associated stormwater management improvements about 1400m of irrigation main between the two irrigation field sites services required for the infrastructure (such as electricity and water supply, security fencing and access roadways). The scope of the proposed scheme may be refined during detailed design. 4.2 On-property equipment A schematic representation of the on-property equipment is shown in Figure 4. Each collection tank requires a control panel, electrical conduit, alarm and generator connection. The control/alarm panel may be mounted on a post near the collection tank, the side of the house or another suitable structure. An example of an installed control/alarm panel is shown in Figure 6. A pump housed in an underground collection tank would be installed on each eligible property with the lid protruding above ground level. About 490 collection tank units would be supplied and installed by Sydney Water as part of the proposed scheme. The collection tank would be located in a position that is: suitable to the property s plumbing (for example, downslope from the house) easily accessed by construction/ maintenance teams and equipment suitable to the property s features (such as existing trees, gardens and sheds). An example of an installed collection tank is shown in Figure 5. Each collection tank requires a control panel, electrical conduit, alarm and generator connection. The control/alarm panel may be mounted on a post near the collection tank, the side of the house or another suitable structure. An example of an installed control/alarm panel is shown in Figure 6. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 39

41 Figure 4 Schematic representation of on-property equipment Figure 5 Example of an installed collection tank Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 40

42 Figure 6 Example of an installed control/alarm panel Electrical cables for power supply and control signals connect the control/alarm panel to the pump inside the collection tank and also to the household electrical distribution box. A dedicated power circuit would provide power to the pump. The customer would supply the power. A small pipeline (property discharge line) and property boundary assembly would connect the tank to the collection pipelines. About 700 boundary kits would be installed as part of the proposed scheme. This property boundary assembly would generally be located, on or near the property boundary (see Figure 7). Sydney Water would generally install, operate and maintain all supplied on-property equipment. Customers not supplied with this equipment would need to supply, install and maintain; an appropriately sized collection tank (either new or an existing tank) a positive displacement grinder pump (located on or in the collection tank) a control/alarm panel positioned in a visible location a discharge pipe laid to the connection point located within the property s boundary and a property boundary assembly (incorporating a stop valve and check valve) located about 1m inside the property boundary. This equipment would have to be approved by Sydney Water before it was installed. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 41

43 Figure 7 Example of an installed property boundary assembly During operation, wastewater from each property would drain to the collection tank where a pump would grind the material into a slurry. The slurry would be pumped from the collection tank into the reticulated wastewater collection system. Commercial, industrial and other non-residential properties would not receive a collection tank or property discharge line. Owners of these properties would have to provide suitable infrastructure themselves to connect to the proposed scheme. Sydney Water would own, install, operate and maintain all supplied on-property equipment. Customers not supplied with this equipment would need to supply, install and maintain suitable equipment (refer to Section 2.1.1) 4.3 Collection pipelines The collection pipelines would collect wastewater from each property and convey flows to the transfer main pipeline and WRP for processing. About 8km of collection pipelines would be required to connect all properties in the Buxton service area, these pipelines would generally be located in road reserves and private properties within the scheme envelope shown in Figure 2. Collection pipelines would be small diameter (ranging from about 40mm up to 200mm diameter), pressurised pipelines, and would generally be installed at a depth of less than 1.5m. These pipes would generally be polyethylene, installed either by trenching, horizontal directional drilling (HDD) or microboring. 4.4 Ancillary facilities The proposed scheme would also include ancillary facilities that are necessary for operation and maintenance of the wastewater system. Ancillary facilities would include: air release facilities flushing points and isolation valves maintenance holes/shafts. These facilities would be located within the scheme envelope shown in Figure 2. Their final numbers and locations would not be determined until detailed design is completed. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 42

44 4.4.1 Air Release Facilities (ARFs) ARFs would be placed at selected high points in the system. Without these facilities, air could become trapped in the system and restrict wastewater flow in the collection pipes. ARFs are designed to allow air release during system operation and maintenance. Each ARF would be a supported pipe, up to 14m tall and between 0.15 and 0.30m in diameter. ARFs may be connected to a valve assembly, carbon canister or both. The final numbers and locations of these facilities within the scheme envelope would be determined during detailed design. Valve assemblies associated with ARFs allow air and wastewater flow to be isolated during system operation and maintenance if needed. Valve assemblies associated with ARFs would generally be located near an ARF in an above ground cabinet (approx. 1.5m high x 1m wide x 1m deep). An example of a typical ARF and valve assembly is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 Typical ARF and valve assembly Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 43

45 A carbon canister removes odours as air passes through the canister. ARF s generally do not require a carbon canister, however, where required carbon canisters would be located near ARFs within above ground cabinet (approx. 2m high x 2m wide x 2m deep). The number and location would be determined during detailed design. An example of a typical ARF and carbon canister is shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 Typical ARF and carbon canister Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 44

46 4.4.2 Flushing points and isolation valves A flushing point is a connection point to the collection main pipes which can be used if required during maintenance. A flushing point allows wastewater to be removed from the pipes into a tanker, and allows the wastewater system to be flushed with water. Isolation valves are usually installed adjacent to flushing points to allow sections of the collection points to be isolated if required during maintenance. The isolation valves are used to minimise wastewater escapes from damaged mains and allow sections of mains to be flushed or repaired. Flushing points and isolation valves would be placed at several locations across the wastewater network (along reticulation and transfer pipelines as required) in small underground pits. The number and location of flushing points and isolation valves would be determined during the detailed design phase and would depend on maintenance requirements Maintenance holes and access shafts Maintenance holes and access shafts may also be required. The location of maintenance holes and access shafts would be determined during the detailed design phase and would depend on the access requirements for maintenance. Maintenance holes or access shafts would be provided at locations such as the intersections of pipelines, changes in pipeline size and changes in horizontal or vertical alignment of pipes. 4.5 Transfer main pipeline A transfer main pipeline would collect wastewater from the collection pipelines, and convey flows to the proposed Buxton WRP. The pipeline would follow the alignment of West Parade, be about 670m in length, 0.3m in diameter and generally buried to a depth of between 0.6 and 2m. It may be deeper where terrain or construction methods dictate. The link between the pressure collection pipelines and the transfer main pipeline would incorporate a barometric loop Barometric Loop A barometric loop ensures that the reticulation system remains pressurised and reduces air movements in and out of the reticulation system. Limiting air movements reduces the risk of odour related issues throughout the village. A barometric loop consists of two linked vertical pipes and a supporting steel lattice. The barometric loop may be up to 18m tall and each vertical pipe up to 0.3m in diameter. An example of a typical barometric loop similar to the type proposed for Buxton is shown in Figure 10. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 45

47 Figure 10 Typical barometric loop 4.6 Wastewater Pumping Station (WWPS) A new WWPS would boost flows from the Buxton village through the transfer main to the proposed WRP. The WWPS would be located on the south-east corner of the 510 West Parade site, and would be designed in accordance with the Sewage Pumping Station Code of Australia. The WWPS would be designed as a sealed in-line system and as such does not have provision for emergency overflow. Should the WWPS fail, storage within the reticulation and transfer pipework would provide sufficient time to respond with an emergency generator or pump-out tankers. It should be noted that the most likely cause of WWPS failure would be a power failure. In this case it is likely that most of the on-property pumps in Buxton would also be unable to pump wastewater to the WWPS. The WWPS would include a control building about 10 m long, 10 m wide and 2.5 m high, and would include an ARF. The WWPS building would house the electrical controls, provide site amenities and store maintenance equipment. The WWPS would incorporate a second building to accommodate a CDU Chemical Dosing Unit (CDU) A CDU would be a located in a separate building adjacent to the WWPS building. Odour management chemicals such as ferric/ferrous chloride would be added into the wastewater as it arrives at the WWPS. The building would include a chemical storage container and associated electrical equipment. Bunds at each chemical storage tank would be provided at not less than 110% of the chemical storage tank sizes as per Australian Standards. A bunded area would be provided to allow for chemical deliveries and to contain any spills. A typical WWPS with CDU similar to the type proposed for Buxton is shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 46

48 Figure 11 Typical WWPS Figure 12 Typical CDU 4.7 Water Recycling Plant (WRP) Wastewater from Buxton would be transferred to a WRP located about 670m north of Buxton village, at 510 West Parade (refer to Figure 1). The 510 West Parade property is located within the SDWC. The plant would be an intermittent decant extended aeration (IDEA) based secondary treatment facility, which would produce a high quality secondary treated effluent suitable for subsurface irrigation. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 47

49 The proposed WRP treatment process would consist of the following components: inlet works screening, flow measurement, emergency bypass and odour control IDEA process aeration, decanting and sludge pumping 4kL liquid alum storage tanks and dosing facilities (for chemical phosphorus removal) 8kL caustic soda storage tank and dosing facilities (for ph correction) two sludge aeration, decanting and waste sludge storage tanks (with mixers and sludge pumps) for biosolid stabilisation/storage one treated effluent storage tank (about 960kL capacity with emergency overflow structure) 300L sodium hypochlorite storage tank and dosing facilities (chlorination/disinfection/algal control) reclaimed water pumping station. The main WRP structure would be about 32m by 22m and stand up to 5m above ground. The WRP structure would have walkways and handrails at the upper level, and be surrounded completely by an access road connecting to the main driveway. The main structure would house the IDEA reactor and two sludge storage tanks. The inlet works would be located on the eastern side of the access road in a separate housing. The inlet works housing would be about 15m long, 7m wide and about 2.5m high. On the eastern side of the access road would be three shelters, which would house chemicals storage tanks and dosing facilities for liquid alum (aluminium sulphate), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and sodium hypochlorite. All three tanks and the road adjacent to the chemical storage (the chemical delivery area) would drain to a 9kL chemical waste tank which would provide capacity for accidental spillage of chemicals. Bunds at each chemical storage tank would be provided at not less than 110% of the chemical storage tank sizes as per Australian Standards. A bunded area would be provided to allow for chemical deliveries and to contain any spills. A separate building would house the electrical switchroom and site amenities (such as a kitchen, laboratory, toilet, storage and controls area). This building would be about 15m long, 10m wide and 3m in height. The WRP buildings and chemical storage (excluding the effluent storage area) would be enclosed in a grassed fenced area of about 60m by 65m. Figure 13 provides an example of a typical WRP similar to the proposed WRP for Buxton. Figure 13 Typical WRP Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 48

50 An access road and driveway would connect the WRP to West Parade. Sydney Water would require power, water and communications for the site and this may involve extending the existing services that are present on West Parade. The final design and alignments would be confirmed during detailed design Effluent storage Slow rate land treatment systems typically operate throughout the year and require minimal storage. Sydney Water proposes to include an on-site 960kL capacity effluent storage tank that would provide about three days storage, at 510 West Parade. Temporary storage of effluent (treated wastewater) would be part of the general process of the plant, and would allow capacity to cater for system maintenance, breakdown periods, and extreme wet weather events. Effluent would be stored in a single circular covered tank; about 25m in diameter and up to 5m high. A shed housing pumps for the irrigation main would be adjacent to the tank. The shed would be approximately 6m wide, 6m long and 3m high. Effluent in the storage tank would be sent to the irrigation fields for disposal and may also be reused by the WRP as process water, landscaping/maintenance and wash-down purposes around the site as required. The storage tank would have an emergency relief point. Effluent storage relief point A relief point would be installed in the effluent storage tank to allow for effluent to be released directly from the tank in the case of emergency. This is required to protect the structure. In the case of an emergency release being required, the relief point would direct treated effluent to a local discharge point. The relief point is a feature required to cater for a worst case operational scenario. Measures that would be put in place to prevent relief point discharge at the WRP include: alarmed control and communication systems, including control system failure alarm provision of alternative power by mobile generator allowance for removal of effluent by pump-out tanker both within the reticulation system and/or directly from the effluent storage tank Scenarios that may lead to an emergency overflow include: conditions that make irrigation impossible and pump-out tanker unable to attend within 24 hours (worst case timing). a power failure at the WRP only (not the pumping station as well) and neither generators nor pump-out tankers able to attend the site within 24 hours. a control systems failure that causes the WPS and/or WRP to continue operating for more than 24 hours while the irrigation fields cannot accept effluent and pump-out tankers unable to attend within the 24 hour period (however, a general control failure would raise an alarm and the pumps would be switched off manually). The 24 hour response time represents a worst case response time required. Under normal scenarios, there would be in excess of two and a half days available to respond. Given the preventative measures provided, and the fact that the combination of events that would lead to an overflow is extremely unlikely, an overflow from the emergency storage is not anticipated during the lifetime of the WRP. 4.8 Subsurface irrigation Subsurface irrigation is a form of slow rate land treatment. Applied wastewater flows through the plant/soil matrix where biological, physical and chemical processes take place that effectively attenuate remaining pollutants. Subsurface irrigation for the proposed scheme would consist of: two subsurface irrigation fields (one at 510 West Parade and another at 10 Jumbunna Place) both with irrigation controls, irrigation pumps, perennial ryegrass fodder and stormwater management improvements Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 49

51 an irrigation main pipeline connecting the WRP with the 10 Jumbunna Place irrigation field; pumps would boost flows along the pipeline. Both irrigation sites and the associated infrastructure will be constructed simultaneously. Sydney Water will plan to commission the Jumbunna Place site first. Advice will be sought from BMT WBM about the number of connections required within the drinking water catchment to achieve NorBE. Sydney Water would then consider whether it is more cost effective to start irrigating / commissioning the 510 West Parade site at this time or complete the establishment of Jumbunna Place before commissioning any irrigation zones at West Parade Subsurface irrigation system The proposed scheme would require a total of about hectares for subsurface irrigation, which would be split over two fields (due to land availability and suitability constraints). Each irrigation field would be split into irrigation zones to allow for flexibility in the management of effluent. The irrigation field at 510 West Parade (adjacent to the WRP) would be about 8 hectares in total area, and receive about 55% of flows from the WRP. The irrigation field at 10 Jumbunna Place would be about 6 hectares in total area, and receive about 45% of flows from the WRP. Each irrigation field would have: irrigation controls (may include electrical components, pumps, valves and filtration) driplines installed about mm below ground at about 600mm lateral spacings 1.6 litre per hour emitters at approximately 500mm spacings (about 200km of pipe, which may be operated as sub-zones) supply and flushing mains and sub-mains to dose irrigation zones and enable regular flushing of the pipework (with effluent). perennial ryegrass fodder stormwater management measures The concept level design of the subsurface irrigation was developed to achieve the performance objectives of Environmental Guidelines: Use of Effluent by Irrigation (DECCW 2004). The proposed scheme would also comply with the requirements of the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling: Managing Health and Environmental Risks (Phase 1) (EPHC, 2006). The design to date was also guided by the surface water quality targets identified for the proposal in Table 1. The water quality targets were derived from ANZECC and the Healthy Rivers Commission low risk triggers for dissolved nutrients, as well as existing catchment conditions (Appendix 4). Table 1 Interim water quality performance targets for the Buxton Land Treatment Scheme Parameter Target Comments Average annual water quality target for effluent plumes at property boundaries or surface discharge points Oxidised Nitrogen as N (NOx-N) mg/l Target concentration in deep drainage/baseflow/perched water tables to Phosphate as P (PO4-P) mg/l ensure effluent loads of bioavailable nutrients are assimilated. Indicative Virus Concentration <1 MPN/100ml Elimination of residual health risks offsite Average annual water quality target for total site pollutant loads neutral or beneficial effect (NorBE) Total Nitrogen 437 kg/year Target concentrations and loads in total stormwater runoff from the site in a year 13.5 mg/l (surface runoff and baseflow). Total Phosphorus 69 kg/year 2.1 mg/l Used to test and monitor the potential for the proposed land treatment systems to increase background loads through altered site hydrology. Electrical Conductivity ms/m Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 50

52 4.8.2 Irrigation controls Irrigation controls for the West Parade irrigation field would be located in the electrical switchroom and site amenities building within the West Parade site. This building would be about 16m long, 12m wide and 5 high. A separate building at 10 Jumbunna Place would house irrigation controls for the Jumbunna Place irrigation field, and may also house staff amenities, equipment and storage as required. The building would be about 10m long, 10m wide and 5m high Perennial ryegrass fodder Perennial ryegrass is the preferred crop based on its track record under effluent irrigation, salt tolerance, ability to self-seed and nutrient uptake ability. Pasture establishment typically involves ground preparation, sowing, application of fertiliser and soil ameliorant, and spraying for pests. Additional irrigation water may be needed during the establishment phase. This may be achieved through imported fresh water or through a focused effluent irrigation schedule for a short period. Once established ryegrass is typically low maintenance and is not expected to require additional irrigation beyond land treatment. The current concept assumes ryegrass would be harvested as loose or baled fodder. No livestock grazing will occur on the subsurface irrigation field sites. A typical subsurface irrigation field with perennial ryegrass, similar to the type proposed for Buxton is shown in Figure 14. Figure 14 Typical Subsurface irrigation field Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 51

53 4.8.4 Stormwater management measures Stormwater management measures are required to divert existing stormwater around the irrigation site. Measures would consist of diversion drainage (surface and subsurface) for upslope run-on. This would maximise the performance of the irrigation system by reducing the volume of surface water moving through the site. Stormwater management measures would also be required to attenuate surface and subsurface water leaving the irrigation fields. Surface water from 510 West Parade irrigation field would be directed to the unnamed drainage channel on the northern portion of the 510 West Parade site. Surface water from 10 Jumbunna Place irrigation field would be directed to the unnamed drainage channel located on the eastern portion of the site. Stormwater management measures required for each site are outlined in the LCA report prepared by BMT WBM (Appendix 4) Irrigation main An irrigation main about 1400m in length would transfer treated effluent from the WRP on West Parade to the second irrigation site on at 10 Jumbunna Place. Pumps required to boost flows along the irrigation main pipeline would be located at 510 West Parade. The pumps would be housed in a shed adjacent to the effluent storage tank. The shed would be approximately 6m wide, 6m long and 3m high. 4.9 Services The proposed scheme would require installation of a variety of supporting services. Electricity and water supply would be made available in accordance with the requirements of the service providers. Any access roads, slip-lanes and turning bays would also be constructed in accordance with the relevant authorities requirements. The location of these services may fall outside the scheme envelope (see Figure 2), however, their locations would avoid environmental constraints identified during preparation of this REF Mobilisation and construction activities General methodology Pre-construction activities The proposed scheme would involve the following pre-construction activities: notifying relevant authorities and the public of the commencement of works installing environmental controls (including erosion and sediment controls) survey and geotechnical investigations (including sampling and testing of soils) establishing stockpile and compound sites locating services such as telephone cables, underground power lines and gas and water mains relocating of any affected services clearing and grubbing of construction area, as required. Construction activities The proposed scheme would involve the following construction activities: establishing traffic control measures earthworks (including excavation for pipe and asset installations, excavation of WRP underground components may include rock breaking/sawing and removal of sandstone floaters from the irrigation area) installing pipe via open trenching or under boring polyethylene (PE) pipe welding and joining (in existing cleared areas) Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 52

54 install associated assets such as ARFs, carbon canisters, flushing points, maintenance holes, access shafts and individual property connection points and units installing access roads prefabricated and in situ concrete works (including formwork for in situ works) mechanical and electrical installation (including pumps and treatment equipment) chemical storage and dosing installation installation of permanent surface and subsurface stormwater management, and irrigation driplines establish irrigation crops backfilling excavations with bedding and excavated materials flush and hydrostatic test of pipework restoring disturbed areas to as near as possible to original conditions (including establishing screening vegetation and other plants). Pipeline installation works would move progressively along the proposed pipeline alignment. Works at the WRP and WWPS sites would be fixed at the proposed locations. Dewatering Water captured in excavations during construction would need to be pumped out of the excavation. This water would be treated to remove pollutants such as suspended solids before being released. Where pollutants cannot be adequately removed on-site, the water would be transferred by tanker for additional off-site treatment Compounds, scheduling and construction traffic Site compounds Storage compounds and site offices would support the construction works. Site compounds would include demountable buildings, amenities for the workforce, containers for the storage of equipment and room to stockpile materials and equipment. Storage compounds and site office locations would be identified during construction planning, and access arrangements for these sites would be confirmed at that stage. These locations may be outside the scheme envelope and the following criteria would be used to identify sites for compounds to ensure minimal environmental impacts: there is ready access to the local road network, the land is relatively level, no adverse impacts on watercourses, minimal removal of native vegetation is required, no heritage items would be affected (non-aboriginal and Aboriginal, including areas identified as potential archaeological deposits), the land use of adjacent properties would not be affected. An environmental work method statement (EWMS) would be prepared by the Contractor for the establishment of the larger compounds and offices. The EWMS would show the proposed locations of structures such as stockpiles, amenities and sediment control measures. The larger compounds and offices would be present for the duration of construction while smaller ones would generally move with the construction activities. After use, each area would be restored to as close as possible to its original condition. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 53

55 Construction traffic Construction of the proposed scheme would generate heavy vehicle movements associated with the transportation of construction machinery, equipment and materials to the site. Heavy vehicles would access a number of worksites across the area. No major impacts on local traffic would result from the works. During construction, two-way traffic along the road network would be maintained where possible, with occasional temporary road closures potentially required during excavation and drilling throughout the construction phase, speed limits would be reduced within construction zones. Local councils and the local community would be consulted as necessary and notified of all traffic control arrangements including the timing of any temporary short-term road closures. A traffic management plan would be prepared by the Contractor in accordance with the Traffic Control at Work Sites Manual (RTA, 2010) and RTA Specification G10 Control of Traffic. The traffic management plan would provide details of traffic management to be implemented during construction to ensure that road safety is not compromised and traffic flow is maintained where possible. The plan would include details of construction sequences. Workforce and timing The workforce for the proposed scheme would comprise between 50 and 90 full-time personnel, depending on the stage of the construction works. The scheduled commencement date for construction is early 2013, provided that funding and environmental approvals have been received. It is expected that the proposed scheme would take about 24 months to construct, following the completion of the planning, design and environmental approvals process. Each individual property would be affected for a much lesser period. On-property works and pipeline installation activities generally move past individual properties within a week although these activities may take more time to complete where there are issues such as wet weather, difficult access or hard rock. Once detailed design has been completed, additional community consultation and environmental impact assessment would be undertaken if works fall outside of the proposed scope of work for the scheme (see Section 4.1 for details of the scope of work). Construction activities would occur during the standard hours set out in the Interim Construction Noise Guideline (DECC, 2009): Mondays to Fridays between 7 am and 6 pm, Saturdays between 8 am and 1 pm, No works on Sundays or public holidays. There is potential that works would be required to be undertaken outside the standard hours. In the event out of hours works are required, the Contractor would be required to request permission from Sydney Water to undertake work outside standard hours. The Contractor would consult with authorities as required and then determine whether any additional mitigation measures would be required Changes to the scope of work If the scope of work, location of assets or scheme envelope described in this REF change during detailed design or construction, additional environmental assessment may be required. Additional consultation may also be required in accordance with the Communications Management Plan. The Environment Manager and Communications Manager would coordinate consultation and communication with Sydney Water and stakeholders Customer connection Property owners would be able to connect to the proposed scheme once the scheme is declared operational by Sydney Water. Sydney Water would provide a connection point for each property to be serviced. Property owners would be responsible for connecting to the system. The property owner must engage a licensed plumber/drainer to connect their property to the reticulation system. The cost of connecting to a wastewater system can vary significantly Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 54

56 depending on the difficulty of the site conditions encountered. Customers connecting to the system would need to pay for the following: the installation of pipework to connect their house service line to the Sydney Water wastewater system connection point and any remedial works to ensure that the existing house plumbing conforms with plumbing standards. Property owners who want to connect to the scheme are responsible for engaging a licenced plumber or drainer to connect their home to the new wastewater system. the cost of decommissioning existing on-site systems such as septic tanks, aerated wastewater treatment systems as required in accordance with any relevant NSW Health guidelines. a one-off plumbing and drainage inspection fee of $185 to connect to the system, charged by the NSW Department of Fair Trading. A further inspection fee of $98 would be required if the property needs extra inspections (fees current at 1 July 2012 and are subject to change). an ongoing Sydney Water standard wastewater service charge, currently $ per quarter (fees current at 1 July 2012 and is subject to change). Pensioner rebates may apply for eligible customers. electricity charges associated with the operation of the on-property equipment. An average residential property should not expect to pay more than $36 per year based on current pricing. any remedial works that may be required to ensure the household electrical distribution box meets the relevant energy supplier s requirements. any servicing or repairs resulting in the owner or occupant failing to operate the system in accordance with the Home Owner s Manual and PSS agreement. Putting inappropriate substances or materials into the system or deliberately damaging the system could trigger customer payments. any future relocation of the on-property equipment. Sydney Water will provide a connection point for each eligible residential property in the service area. The Contractor will supply and install pressure sewerage equipment on eligible properties at no cost for the first 12 months after connections become available. Sydney Water would generally own, install, operate and maintain all supplied on-property equipment on eligible properties within the service area which, connect within 12 months of sewerage services being available for connection. For more information, refer to Sydney Water s Priority Sewerage Program; Pressure Sewerage Systems Policy. After this time property owners will have to purchase the equipment and pay for the cost of installation Operation of the System Once commissioned, the proposed scheme would be operated by Sydney Water. WRP operations would be remotely monitored 24 hours a day and seven days per week, with maintenance staff onsite as required. System maintenance would sometimes require access to private property. Access would be arranged with the property owner/occupiers by Sydney Water prior to access wherever possible. The WRP would produce stabilised biosolids. Tankers would be used to remove the biosolids from the WRP about three times per year. Biosolids may be taken to another Sydney Water WRP for further treatment and reuse, or Sydney Water may consider reuse options in the local area if these are available. No disposal of biosolids would occur within the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 55

57 5 Existing environment, impacts and mitigation measures 5.1 Local climate The mean maximum temperature at Picton in summer is about 29.4C, and the mean minimum temperature in winter is about 1.7C. The region has an average annual rainfall of approximately 800mm. Rainfall is generally highest during summer, and lowest during winter. 5.2 Land Uses Buxton is located approximately 12 kilometres to the southwest of Picton. The main land use within the Buxton village is residential, with a small commercial business centre including a convenience store, takeaway food shop and newsagent. The village includes a primary school and a recreation oval. The main activities and land uses surrounding the village include: rural residential properties agricultural businesses/land uses (such as grazing land) a small quarry business recreational parks and reserves community facilities transport infrastructure such as railways and roads special areas such as the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment Land Ownership The proposed scheme would be constructed on a mix of private and public land within the village of Buxton. The following would apply to Sydney Water s use of that land: easements are not required for pipelines on public land easements would be required for sewer mains on private land and Commonwealth land, but are not necessary for the smaller reticulation lines that would be required for the proposed scheme under the Sydney Water Act 1994, Sydney Water may enter and occupy land to construct work on, below or above the surface of the land should land be required for construction site compounds, Sydney Water would negotiate with landowners or Council as necessary. Where necessary Sydney Water may acquire land to permit the construction and operation of the Buxton wastewater scheme. 5.3 Topography, geology and soils Existing geology and soil conditions The village of Buxton is located approximately m above sea level. The immediate area is comprised of low rolling hills, with the wider area also exhibiting steep valleys, ridges and rocky outcrops. Geology The Buxton area is underlain by Wianamatta Group Ashfield shale near the centre of the village with Mittagong Formation and Hawkesbury Sandstone in the surrounding area (see Figure 15). Geotechnical investigations revealed sandstone in most sample locations around the village, indicating that the geology of the area is better represented by Hawkesbury Sandstone. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 56

58 Figure 15 Buxton geology Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 57

59 Soils Four soil landscape types exist in the Buxton area; Blacktown, Lucas Heights, Gymea and Hawkesbury. Soil types within the scheme envelope are shown in Figure 16. The Blacktown soil landscape covers most of the scheme envelope from Boundary Road in the south to Hassall Road in the north. Lucas Heights and Hawkesbury landscapes can also be found in the surrounding areas. The Blacktown Landscape generally comprises of clay soils from 1m to 2m depth derived from weathering shale. The Lucas Heights Landscape contains moderately deep (<1.5m) clay and sandy clay soils derived by weathering of Mittagong Formation comprising inter-bedded sandstone and shale. Salinity Salt is naturally found in rocks, soil and shallow groundwater. Salt can be dissolved and brought to the surface by increased inputs of water, such as through irrigation, or by the removal of vegetation. Salinity is often exacerbated by inadequate surface or subsurface drainage in urban areas. No maps were available regarding salinity in the Buxton region, however the soil contamination investigation carried out by Network Geotechnics Pty Ltd (refer to Appendix 3) also included a search of groundwater bores from the NSW Groundwater bore database. The available data indicated groundwater salinity at about 140mg/L, with a range of up to 3000mg/L. Groundwater in the Buxton area occurs below about 25m depth. Potential mine subsidence Buxton is located within a mine subsidence zone. Wastewater flows in the proposed pressure reticulation pipelines are not dependant on grade, and as such are not likely to be affected by minor localised mine subsidence. The proposed scheme (including the WRP) would be designed in accordance with requirements of the MSB. Potential contaminated soils A search of the OEH Contaminated Lands Record on 19 th October 2012 found no records of notices within the scheme envelope. During the site inspection it was noted that the railway runs through the village. It is possible that the railway may be a historic source of soil and groundwater contamination; however no contamination notices have been issued. There is also potential for soil contamination from poorly performing on-site systems within the scheme envelope. A soil contamination investigation carried out by Network Geotechnics (refer to Appendix 3) comprised of a review of aerial photographs, walk over assessment and field and laboratory testing. Investigations indicated a very low risk of contamination within the scheme envelope. Potential acid sulphate soils The NSW Natural Resource Atlas was searched on 22 nd October No acid sulphate soils were identified in the vicinity of the proposed scheme. The soil contamination investigation confirmed that based on the topography, geology and sampling carried out it is assessed that the risk of presence of Acid Sulphate Soils is negligible. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 58

60 Figure 16 Buxton soils Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 59

61 5.3.2 Construction impacts and mitigation measures Construction of the proposed scheme would involve some excavation and stockpiling. Earthworks could potentially have the following impacts: erosion of exposed soils and stockpiled materials dust from excavation works and vehicle movements on exposed areas disturbed sediments mobilising to stormwater and/or waterways compaction of soil by heavy machinery movements These impacts are considered to be minimal as exposure of soils and stockpiling of spoil would be temporary and short term. An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) would be developed as part of the CEMP, based on the construction mitigation measures listed in Table 2.There remains potential for chemical and fuel spills to occur during construction and this may result in localised soil contamination. There is also the potential for uncovering localised contamination during excavation. Waste Classification Activities associated with construction of the proposed scheme (including trenching and other earthworks) would generate a total of about 3600 tonnes of excess spoil. This material would be classified in accordance with Waste Classification Guidelines (DEC, 2009) and beneficially reused where possible. Excess excavated material that cannot be used in backfilling would be classified in accordance with the Waste Classification Guidelines (DEC, 2009) prior to any off-site disposal at a suitably licensed waste facility. Construction crews would monitor excavations for unusual colours or odours which may indicate contamination. Mitigation measures applicable during construction of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 2 and would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). Table 2 Aspect Topography, Geology and Soils Construction Mitigation Measures Construction Mitigation Measures Topography, geology and soils Install sediment and erosion controls around work sites to minimise transport of sediment to the stormwater system in accordance with Managing Urban Stormwater, Soils and Construction, Volume 1 and 2 (Landcom, 2004 and DECCW, 2006). These devices would be inspected at least weekly and immediately after rainfall to ensure their effectiveness over the entire duration of the proposed scheme. Any damage to erosion and sediment controls would be rectified immediately. Minimise the area of exposed surfaces. Disturbed areas would be stabilised progressively to ensure that no areas remain unstable for any extended length of time. Wherever possible, reuse soil and sediment that accumulates in erosion and sediment control structures during site restoration unless it is contaminated or otherwise inappropriate for reuse Cease work in the immediate vicinity of any areas of suspected contamination that are identified prior to or during work. These areas would not be disturbed and would be cordoned off as if they were a safety risk. An environmental representative from the Contractor would be contacted for advice. Manage stockpiles by implementing sediment and erosion control devices in accordance with Managing Urban Stormwater, Soils and Construction, Volume 1 (Landcom, 2004). Cease work during heavy rainfall events when there is a risk of sediment loss off site or ground disturbance due to waterlogged conditions. Minimise disturbance of any kind to ground surfaces. Equipment, plant and materials would be placed in designated lay-down areas where they are least likely to cause erosion or damage to vegetation. Following completion of work, restore to pre-existing conditions land surfaces that are disturbed by vehicles, excavation and access. A photographic survey would be undertaken prior to the work to provide a record of the baseline and ensure rehabilitation achieves the required outcome. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 60

62 Aspect Construction Mitigation Measures Remove any erosion control devices as part of final clean up after work is complete. This would include removing any sediment in drainage lines which has been trapped by erosion control devices, and restoring disturbed areas. Remove or rehabilitate fill material associated with the existing motorbike track on 510 West Parade. Also remove built structures and house pad in the eastern portion of the site Operational impacts and mitigation measures It is not expected that the operation of the proposed scheme would impact local soils. Although, when properties connect to the wastewater system, the removal of on-site systems has the potential to improve soil conditions within the village by eliminating the source of water logging and excess nutrients. The proposed wastewater reticulation system is designed to be self-cleansing, and once installed, there would be minimal risk of pipeline blockage or overflows within the village. The proposed irrigation site at 510 West Parade is moderately well suited to slow rate land treatment by subsurface irrigation subject to confirmation and management of any hydraulic restriction posed by rock outcrops (BMT WBM 2013). The proposed irrigation site at 10 Jumbunna Place is well suited to slow rate land treatment by subsurface irrigation with few limitations (BMT WBM 2013). The LCA study undertaken by BMT WBM (2013) (Appendix 4) found that the Land Treatment System (LTS) by subsurface irrigation system should not cause permanent or sustained degradation of land with respect to: waterlogging and extensive periods of soil saturation creation of conditions that are toxic to plant/biological activity sodicity and soil structural decline erosion soil salinisation the long term accumulation and contamination of land with pollutants (nutrients, metals). LCA modelling has recommended a fixed rate effluent application regime be adopted during operation of the proposed scheme. The application of treated effluent at a fixed daily rate (albeit low) would alter the dynamics of the soil when evapotranspiration is low. The nature of slow rate land treatment systems means leaching fractions for salts in the soil profile are readily achieved in the vast majority of years. During dry summers there is potential for soil salinity to increase periodically in soil environments. These periods are not typically sufficient and salinities are not typically high enough to cause plant growth stress. The risks can be readily managed with zoned irrigation fields during dry summers (BMT WBM 2013). The proposed scheme has limited potential for sodicity impacts downslope of the irrigation area. However, preventative measures would be undertaken to minimise potential impacts. Soils at the irrigation site would be treated for any deficiencies detected through monitoring. This may include replenishment of calcium and potassium to manage sodicity, and application of gypsum to manage sodium absorption. Stormwater management measures at the irrigation sites would ensure that sedimentation and erosion is prevented both on the irrigation sites and downstream. See Section for details. Mitigation measures applicable during operation of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 3. Topography, geology and soils management would be implemented during operation. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 61

63 Table 3 Aspect Topography, Geology and Soils Operation Mitigation Measures Operation Mitigation Measures Topography, geology and soils Implement soil amelioration at both irrigation sites to increase fertility, raise ph and prevent the development of sodicity impacts. Conduct ongoing liaison with the MSB with regards to any subsidence/tilting impacts with the potential to alter hydraulic pathways for the irrigation scheme. Adopt conservative design hydraulic loading rates to ensure that the long-term acceptance rate of the soil is not exceeded 5.4 Water quality and drainage Existing water quality and drainage Surface water quality The village of Buxton largely drains directly to the Bargo River via a few unnamed drainage lines. The western side of Bargo drains to Blue Gum Creek which ultimately drains to Lake Burragorang which lies within the SDWC. The SDWC is the collection area for Sydney s drinking water catchments. Downstream of Buxton, the Bargo River connects with the Nepean River (Sydney Water, 2011). Upstream of Buxton, properties in the village of Bargo operate on-site wastewater treatment similar to Buxton. Sydney Water carried out a specific study at Buxton and Bargo in 2010 (Sydney Water, 2011) to assess the impacts of on-site wastewater systems on local waterways and drains. The study targeted three unnamed drains within the Buxton village, and sites on the Bargo River. A control sample site was selected upstream of the Buxton and Bargo villages (N936), the site was located on the Bargo River approximately 300m upstream of Picton weir (upstream of Hornes Creek). There are rural properties immediately upstream of this site. A downstream site was selected (N929), past the point where Dogtrap Creek enters and flows from both Buxton and Bargo were present. Potential impact sites were selected at three sites within the Buxton village. The first sampling site was located within a drainage channel in the western side of the railway on Arden Street (N932) and the second and third sampling sites were located in the eastern side of the railway in drainage channels on Norwood Road and Wellington Street (N933 and N934 respectively). The locations of the SDWC, Buxton waterways and the water quality sampling sites are shown on Figure 17. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 62

64 Figure 17 Drinking Water catchments, Buxton waterways and sampling sites map Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 63

65 Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 64

66 Samples were collected between January 2010 and December 2010 and analysed for a range of key water quality parameters. No wastewater odour was noted at any of the Buxton drainage line sampling sites during sampling events. Samples were tested for parameters including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia and faecal coliforms. High concentrations of these and other nutrients are undesirable in natural waterways as they contribute to the development of nuisance algal blooms. The following interpretations were made as a result of the data analysis: Levels of nutrients and bacterial densities exceeded guideline levels during the majority of dry weather sampling events indicating that the waterways in Buxton are contaminated. Ammonia nitrogen was detected in drainage lines on the eastern side of Buxton at levels higher than guideline levels and at levels greater than the control site. Ammonia nitrogen is a potential indicator of raw sewage; elevated levels may indicate poorly performing on-site wastewater systems in the eastern part of the village. Faecal coliform and Enterococci were found to exceed the guidelines at impact sites on the eastern side of the railway in Buxton. An increase in faecal coliform and Enterococci densities at these sites compared to the control site and the site on the western side of the railway indicates an influence from sources on the eastern side of the village. Nutrient concentrations and bacterial densities were generally higher at drains located in residential areas, indicating that unsewered houses and other facilities in the residential areas are the source of contamination. The higher levels of nutrients and coliforms at the impact sites on the eastern side of the village when compared to the control site, suggests that existing on-site wastewater systems particularly on the eastern side of Buxton village, are negatively affecting the water quality in the village drainage lines. As these drainage lines contribute flows to the Bargo River, the Buxton village may be considered a contributing source of pollutants to the Bargo River. It should be noted that the results indicate that the villages of Bargo and Buxton are not the sole contributors of nutrients and bacteria to the Bargo River. Other input sources may include rural land, and local collieries. Sydney Water will undertake additional baseline water quality monitoring within and downstream of the proposed irrigation sites. Groundwater The soil contamination investigation carried out by Network Geotechnics (refer to Appendix 3) also included a search of groundwater bores from the NSW Groundwater bore database. The available data indicated the groundwater bearing zone in Buxton to be unconsolidated sand below about 25m depth. The two bores with data available had standing water levels of 20m and 27m. Groundwater is known to be present in significant quantities in sandstone aquifers in the area at depths ranging from 20m to 150m. Flooding No flooding maps were identified for the proposed scheme area. The majority of properties within the service area are elevated and flooding is not considered to be an issue, although potential for localised flooding in certain locations due to heavy wet weather events exists Construction impacts and mitigation measures Construction of the proposed scheme would involve excavation and trenching (required for activities such as construction of the on-property equipment, WRP, WWPS, barometric loop, irrigation lines), preparing ground for structures such as ARFs and barometric loop and boring and tunnelling to lay pipelines. Most pipe-laying activities are unlikely to impact on water table levels but they may impact on surface water and groundwater quality. Construction activities associated with the proposed scheme have the potential to cause the following water quality impacts: increased turbidity from sediment transferred to drainage lines during construction Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 65

67 frac-outs to the ground surface or waterways from boring works pollution of waterways by fuel or chemicals and wastewater changes in the ph and conductivity of water, which may have a negative impact on soil and agriculture. The increased transfer of fine sediment to stormwater and/or local waterways could potentially have the following impacts: aquatic habitat area could decrease and the mud/silt habitat could increase invasive plants could have more opportunities to colonise the creek due to the higher levels of nutrients in the silt and site disturbance light penetration could decrease, and hence primary production could decrease. aquatic fauna could be smothered increased turbidity could interfere with visual feeding by macroinvertebrates and fish silt could interfere with gill function in fish and filter feeding organisms abundance of a few, silt-tolerant species could increase and the abundance of many sensitive species could decrease. Biodiversity could decrease as a result. water quality could change due to the interaction of suspended solids with pollutants. Based on Sydney Water s experience with previous, similar PSP projects, the potential construction impacts of the proposed scheme can be managed using standard mitigation measures. Significant impacts on surface water and groundwater are not expected during construction. Localised flooding may occur in certain locations due to heavy wet weather events. This flooding could result in soil erosion and sedimentation at construction sites. Establishment of the perennial rye grass at both irrigation fields may require additional irrigation water to be applied during this period. Establishment of vegetation for screening and restoration purposes may also require watering. Alternatives to potable water use would be investigated and implemented where possible (sources may include rain water). Mitigation measures applicable during construction of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 4 and would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the CEMP. Additionally, erosion and sediment control mitigation measures presented in Table 4 would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the CEMP. Table 4 Aspect Water Quality and Drainage Construction Mitigation Measures Construction Mitigation Measures Water quality and drainage Ensure that no machinery would unnecessarily cross drainage lines. No machinery, vehicles, equipment or stockpiles would be placed in the bed of waterways or drainage lines. Where possible, vehicles and machinery would remain on the road or in designated lay-down areas or access tracks. Record all chemicals to be stored on-site on a register. The relevant Safety Data Sheets would also be kept on-site. Store all chemicals and fuels in sealed vessels within watertight bunded areas away from designated stormwater or drainage lines. Bunded areas for chemical storage would have impervious floors and have the capacity to retain 110% of the total volume of all liquids stored therein. Refuelling, fuel decanting and vehicle maintenance work would take place within work compounds where possible. If refuelling in the field is necessary, it would be undertaken away from watercourses and sensitive environments with spill response kits immediately available. A functioning spill kit would be kept at all construction sites and site offices at all times to enable immediate clean up of chemical/fuel spills. Any contaminated material would be disposed of at an approved waste facility. The Contractor s Incident Management Plan would include a contingency plan and emergency procedures for dealing with chemical/fuel spills and flooding. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 66

68 Aspect Construction Mitigation Measures Should groundwater be encountered during construction activities, appropriate management measures would be implemented to minimise the risk of polluting surface water or groundwater. This may include measures such as water testing, dewatering, temporary water storage and treatment facilities. Put appropriate containment procedures in place for drilling fluids at the entry and exit points for sections of the pipeline to be drilled. These procedures would include the collection of the drilling fluids in tanks/drums at the entry and exit points and at frac-outs to the surface between the entry and exit points, and their appropriate disposal. Geotechnical advice would be sought to determine if groundwater monitoring of significant HDDs is required during construction and operation. This monitoring would be conducted to identify any impacts of the drills on groundwater and allow action to be taken (such as grouting the borehole) if required. Investigate alternatives to using potable water for establishment of perennial rye grass and other vegetation installed during site restoration. Implement use of alternative water sources wherever possible Operational impacts and mitigation measures Reticulation and transfer main Local surface and ground water quality in the village, is expected to improve with the progressive decommissioning of on-site treatment systems and connection of properties to the proposed scheme. By reducing the likelihood of wastewater leaks entering the stormwater system, local stormwater quality is likely to improve and risks to public health would decrease. The reticulation pipelines would be designed to be watertight, sealed and pressurised, virtually eliminating infiltration/exfiltration to the system. This would avoid impacts caused by potential localised flooding within the stormwater network. As a result, flooding is not expected to be a significant problem for the operation of the proposed scheme. Once operational, there would not be any controlled discharges from the proposed wastewater reticulation system within the service area of Buxton. During general operation, the proposed reticulation system would not result in any impacts to water quality, hydrology or drainage as the surface of the ground would be returned similarly to its original state following construction. In the event of a shut down, wastewater would be temporarily stored within the reticulation network and on-property tanks. During extended power outages, if required, wastewater tankers could connect to the system (either at the WWPS or within the network) and pump-out wastewater, to prevent the system from overflowing. This wastewater would then be transported to another treatment plant nearby for treatment and disposal. WWTP, WRP and irrigation fields There is potential for wastewater overflows at the WRP as a result of peak wet weather flows, power outages or mechanical breakdowns. Any overflow from the plant would be of high quality secondary treated effluent, from the effluent storage tank. Any overflow from the plant would be directed through the effluent storage relief point at the WRP. Overflows would happen rarely, if at all, for the following reasons: sufficient redundancy would be provided at the WRP to minimise the risk of plant shutdown wastewater inflow to the WRP would be disabled in the event of any operational issues at the plant. In the event of a shut down, wastewater would be temporarily stored within the reticulation network and on-property tanks. During extended power outages, if required, wastewater tankers could connect to the system and pump-out wastewater, to prevent the system from overflowing. This wastewater would then be transported to another water recycling plant nearby for treatment and disposal the WRP would be monitored remotely 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and operational staff would attend the site in the event of any problems in the event that there are any problems with the irrigation system and irrigation cannot occur, tankers would pump the treated effluent from the storage tanks and transport it to another water recycling plant for further treatment and disposal. This would be an unlikely Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 67

69 occurrence, as the irrigation area would be split into zones to allow for flexibility in the management of effluent. Sydney Water would follow the clean-up procedures specified in its Wastewater Integrated Management System in the unlikely event that an overflow occurred. WRP commissioning activities would be coordinated with operations personnel. Effluent from the WRP would be managed through land treatment, which involves application of appropriately pretreated wastewater to the land at a controlled rate. One of the fundamental benefits of a slow rate land treatment system is the significant buffer capacity with respect to hydraulic, nutrient, pathogen and other contaminant loads. Due to long travel times, water quality of effluent deep drainage loads does not fluctuate in the same manner as a direct discharge from a treatment plant to a waterway (BMT WBM 2013). The feasibility of land treatment assessment undertaken by BMT WBM for both irrigation sites has concluded that the wastewater pollutant loads would be readily assimilated during land treatment. As a result, water pollution risks to waterways downstream of the irrigation sites would be readily mitigated. Mass balance modelling undertaken as part of the LCA (Appendix 4) concluded that: 510 West Parade is moderately well suited to land treatment by subsurface irrigation subject to confirmation and management of any hydraulic restriction posed by rock outcrops 10 Jumbunna Place is well suited to land treatment by subsurface irrigation with few limitations Wastewater derived nutrients and pathogens are expected to be fully attenuated within the site under worst case conditions The proposed LTS at 510 West Parade will not increase baseflow or runoff volumes on the broader receiving waters. This is due to the elimination of additional baseflow currently created by on-site systems to be decommissioned The proposed LTS at 10 Jumbunna Place is not expected to significantly alter baseflow or runoff volumes on broader receiving waters Dissolved nutrient concentrations are already predicted to be at or below ANZECC low risk triggers at the base of the root zone (prior to attenuation downslope), even under worst case conditions. The only exception is nitrate at 10 Jumbunna however, long-term concentrations are only marginally above the trigger at the base of the root zone. NorBE Part 3, Clause 12 of SEPP (Sydney Drinking Water Catchment 2011) requires Sydney Water (as a public authority) to consider whether the proposed activity would have a NorBE with respect to water quality. A Land Capability Assessment (LCA) prepared by BMT WBM, included a NorBE assessment undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Sydney Catchment Authority (BMT WBM 2013, Appendix 4). The NorBE assessment concluded: the proposed LTS is predicted to achieve NorBE for both the Sydney Drinking Water Catchment and Bargo River Catchments for all parameters wastewater derived nutrient loads would be reduced dramatically as a result of implementing the proposed scheme (in the order of 90%) water quality objectives for concentrations of nutrients in stormwater runoff are unlikely to be achieved under current conditions. Notwithstanding the proposed LTS is expected to result in a net reduction in long-term nutrient concentrations in stormwater runoff (including wastewater loads). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 68

70 Groundwater In relation to groundwater, the BMT WBM (2013) study found that it is highly unlikely that direct or rapid connectivity exists between permanent groundwater at the proposed irrigation sites. Therefore the risk of the irrigation system compromising existing groundwater resources is considered very low. Furthermore, given the level of protection likely to be afforded by the land treatment process, even in the unlikely event that a small hydraulic connection did exist, it is expected the impact would not be measurable. Performance modelling Performance modelling by BMT WBM (2013) of the irrigation sites indicated: The proposed LTS is predicted to meet performance criteria under a wide range of operating conditions and worst case scenarios. The proposed application rates are considered conservative and supported by modelling. Wastewater derived nutrients and pathogens are expected to be fully attenuated within the site under worst case conditions. Expected performance of the perennial ryegrass with respect to water and nutrient uptake is realistic and consistent with local ryegrass performance at Picton Farm in addition to published studies. In particular, low growth period nitrogen uptake is 0.4 kg/ha/day which is comparable to with measured values at Picton Farm. Attenuation of pollutants as plumes move downslope provides significant buffering capacity with respect to nutrients, pathogens and other contaminants (such as metals and organic contaminants). Hydrology Hydrology modelling by BMT WBM (2013) of the irrigation fields indicated: The proposed LTS at 510 West Parade would not increase baseflow or runoff volumes on the broader receiving waters. This is due to the elimination of additional baseflow currently created by on-site systems to be decommissioned. There is some potential for impact on the first order stream to which the LTS discharges (510 West Parade) although human disturbance of hydrology already exists. An evaluation of the sensitivity of the ecosystems associated with this receiving stream are provided in Section 5.5. The proposed LTS at 10 Jumbunna Place is not expected to significantly alter baseflow or runoff volumes on broader receiving waters. There is some potential for impact on the first order stream to which the Jumbunna Place LTS discharges (prior to re-joining the primary drainage line). An evaluation of the sensitivity of the ecosystems associated with this receiving stream are provided in Section 5.5. Overall, the preferred Fixed Rate Land Treatment Servicing Concept may have potential to alter the hydrology of the immediate receiving waters. However, impacts on broader receiving subcatchments (including Blue Gum Creek and the Bargo River) are minor. Stormwater management measures would be installed in accordance with the Site Water Management Plan (BMT WBM, 2012). Stormwater management measures would divert existing stormwater and some sub-surface flow around the irrigation sites and attenuate surface water leaving the irrigation fields. Measures would consist of diversion drainage (surface and subsurface) for upslope run-on and run-off. This would maximise the performance of the irrigation system by reducing the volume of surface water moving through the site. Soils adjacent and particularly downstream of the stormwater management measures may be subject to an increase in soil water as a result of the proposed irrigation fields. Although the land feasibility study has indicated that impacts to soils with respect to waterlogging would be limited, an increase in soil moisture has potential to impact existing flora. Potential impacts to flora are discussed further in Section 5.5. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 69

71 Monitoring Sydney Water will conduct water quality monitoring at the following locations, after the proposed scheme is commissioned: sites within the Buxton service area within and downstream of the irrigation sites to validate the performance of the irrigation system. Mitigation measures applicable during operation of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 5. Water quality and drainage management would be implemented during operation. Table 5 Aspect Water Quality and Drainage Operation Mitigation Measures Operation Mitigation Measures Water quality and drainage Post commissioning water quality monitoring would be undertaken to identify the benefits of the proposed scheme on local water quality. Monitoring would be undertaken at sites within the Buxton service area, and within and downstream of the irrigation sites. Performance validation monitoring would be undertaken for an initial period to enable adaptive management as required. 5.5 Flora and fauna The scheme envelope was identified as the study area for a flora and fauna assessment undertaken by LesryK in November The assessment included desktop and field investigation of the scheme envelope. The field investigations concentrated on determining the presence of any species, populations or communities listed (or currently being considered for listing) under the Commonwealth EPBC Act 1999, the NSW TSC Act 1995, and or the FM Act 1994, assessing their reliance on the ecological resources present and any likely impacts on the viability of these animals and plants as a result of undertaking the proposed scheme. The flora and fauna assessment report is provided as Appendix 2 of this REF. A review of the OEH and SEWPaC databases was undertaken. It identified 74 listed plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates and fish (or those currently being considered for listing) under the Schedules of the EPBC, TSC and/or FM Acts that have been previously recorded in the study region. A complete list of these listed flora and fauna is provided in the Appendices of the flora and fauna assessment report. The findings of the investigation and potential impacts to flora and fauna as a result of the proposed scheme are discussed below Existing Flora Existing flora within the scheme envelope in relation to vegetation communities, flora species and noxious weeds are provided below. Vegetation communities Seven vegetation communities were recorded within the scheme envelope, including: exotic grassland and plantings/disturbed environment Sydney Peppermint/Red Bloodwood Woodland Hard-leafed Scribbly Gum-Red Bloodwood-Narrow-leaved Stringybark Woodland Hard-leafed Scribbly Gum/Blue-leaved Stringybark/Silvertop Ash Woodland Silvertop Ash/Red Bloodwood/Sydney Peppermint Woodland Riparian Woodland Tick Bush Shrubland. Descriptions of these communities and details of conservation significance are provided in Table 6. Distribution and location of these communities in relation to the scheme envelope are shown in Figure 18. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 70

72 Table 6 Buxton Vegetation Communities Conservation Significance Vegetation Community Exotic grassland and plantings/disturbed environment Sydney Peppermint/Red Bloodwood Woodland Hard-leafed Scribbly Gum/Red Bloodwood/Narrow-leaved Stringybark Woodland Hard-leafed Scribbly Gum/Blue-leaved Stringybark/Silvertop Ash Woodland Silvertop Ash/Red Bloodwood/Sydney Peppermint Woodland Riparian Woodland Tick Bush Shrubland Conservation significance No particular conservation significance. Does not conform to any endangered ecological community (EEC) listed on the EPBC or TSC Acts. Not State significant EEC NPWS (2002) mapping: Not listed as endangered. Does not conform to any EEC listed on the EPBC or TSC Acts. Not State significant EEC Not State significant EEC NPWS (2002) mapping: Not listed as endangered. Does not conform to any EEC listed on the EPBC or TSC Acts. Not State significant EEC NPWS (2002) mapping: Not listed as endangered. Does not conform to any EEC listed on the EPBC or TSC Acts. Does not conform to any EEC listed on the EPBC or TSC Acts. Does not conform to any EEC listed on the EPBC or TSC Acts. Not State significant EEC No particular conservation significance Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 71

73 Figure 18 Buxton Vegetation Communities distribution map Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 72

74 Flora species Flora species recorded included exotic trees such as Poplars, Maples, Jacarandahs and Radiata Pines. Natives, include Sydney Peppermint, Red Bloodwoodand Narrow-leaved Stringybark. Understorey species including grey Spider Flower, Mountain Devils, Tick Bush, Lemon Scented Tea Tree and Old Man Banksias are also found in undisturbed areas. The flora and fauna study and assessment found two significant species within the scheme envelope, being the Hairy Geebung (Persoonia hirsuta subsp. evoluta) and the Mittagong Geebung (Persoonia glaucescens). Details of these two flora species are provided below. Hairy Geebung (Persoonia hirsuta subsp. evoluta) The Hairy Geebung (Persoonia hirsuta subsp. evoluta), is listed on both the EPBC and TSC Acts as endangered and vulnerable, respectively. A total of 217 individuals of this species were recorded within the Hard-leafed Scribbly Gum/Red Bloodwood/Narrow-leaved Stringybark Woodland at the Jumbunna Place irrigation site (Figure 19). The Jumbunna Place irrigation site investigated included a distance of 15m beyond the expected project limits. Beyond this limit, no further investigations were undertaken as these adjacent areas are beyond the limits of likely disturbance (direct and indirect impacts). Based on the presence of similar habitat to the north, south and east of the Jumbunna Place irrigation site, further Hairy Geebung individuals are expected to occur. Mittagong Geebung (Persoonia glaucescens) The Mittagong Geebung (Persoonia glaucescens), is listed on both the EPBC and TSC Acts as vulnerable and endangered, respectively. A total of 40 individuals of this species were recorded within the Hard-leafed Scribbly Gum/Red Bloodwood/Narrow-leaved Stringybark Woodland at the Jumbunna Place irrigation site (Figure 19). Based on the presence of similar habitat to the north, south and east of the Jumbunna Place irrigation site, further Mittagong Geebung individuals are expected to occur. Additional Threatened Flora Species In relation to the additional threatened flora species that have been previously recorded in the study region assessed within the flora and fauna assessment (as indicated in Appendix 2), and which may therefore occur within the scheme envelope, whilst targeted, none of these plants were detected. Whilst this is the case, the scheme envelope is considered to provide suitable habitat for two plants listed under the EPBC and/or TSC Acts, these being: Small-flower Grevillea (Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora) (EPBC and TSC Acts); Darwinia peduncularis (TSC Act). Though individual plants of these species were not recorded, habitat available to these plants may disturbed/removed. Noxious weeds Five (5) species listed as noxious weeds in the Wollondilly LGA under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 were found during the surveys, these being: Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera) (C2) Viper s Bugloss (Echium vulgare) (C4) Blackberry (Rubus fruiticosus species aggregate) (C4) Bridal Creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) (C4) Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) (C4). Bitou Bush has a control class of 2 which, under the Act, must be eradicated from the land and the land must be kept free of the plant. The remaining four weeds have a control class of 4 which states the growth of the plant must be managed in a manner that reduces its numbers spread and incidence and continuously inhibits its reproduction and the plant must not be sold propagated or knowingly distributed. The locations where identified noxious weed species were located are presented in Section of the flora and fauna assessment report (Appendix 2). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 73

75 Figure 19 Distribution of Hairy Geebung Persoonia hirsuta subsp. evoluta and Mittagong Geebung (Persoonia glaucescens), Jumbunna Place Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 74

76 5.5.2 Existing Fauna The flora and fauna study and assessment assessed the habitat types, fauna species and aquatic environments located within the scheme envelope as outlined below (refer Figure 20). Habitat types Four habitat types available to native species were recorded within those portions of the scheme envelope are likely to be disturbed by the proposed scheme, these being: Modified environments Shrubland Eucalypt woodlands Aquatic environments. A description of each of these habitat types is provided in Section 7.2 of the flora and fauna assessment report provided in Appendix 2. Three (3) hollow bearing trees were located within the scheme envelope, the locations of those hollow-bearing trees were recorded using a GPS, and the coordinates are: Easting [E] , Northing [N] E , N E , N (potential hollow only). Figure 20 shows the distribution of surveyed vegetation and the location of hollow bearing trees within the scheme envelope. Fauna species recorded During the course of the field investigations one (1) native mammal, 50 native birds, two (2) reptiles and three (3) amphibians were recorded within, or in the vicinity of, the proposed scheme. In addition, a number of introduced animals were also observed. Of those species recorded, none of these are listed (or currently being considered for listing i.e. Preliminary Determinations) under the Schedules to either the EPBC or TSC Acts. Similarly none are of regional conservation concern within the Wollondilly LGA. Given that no nocturnal work was undertaken and hollow-bearing trees were recorded, there is the potential for hollow-dependent nocturnal species to be present. Given the isolated nature of either the woodland stands in which they occur or the hollow-bearing trees themselves, only flying species such as the hollow-dependent microchiropterans have the potential to occupy these plants. In this region several hollow-occupying microchiropterans have been previously recorded, those of State conservation concern being the: Eastern Falsistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis) Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macropus) Greater Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) East-coast Freetail Bat (Micronomus norfolkensis). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 75

77 Figure 20 Distribution of habitat types and location of hollow bearing trees Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 76

78 Aquatic environments Two types of aquatic environments were recorded within the scheme envelope, dams and drainage lines. A total of three artificial dams and an unnamed creek line were observed. The West Parade site contained two artificial dams in succession. The riparian vegetation consists of Tick Bush and/or exotic grasslands. Both dams have earthen banks and a concrete dam wall. Immediately downstream a natural creek line of about 5m wide and around 10cm deep emerges, several intermittent small pools of water, about 1m wide and 3m long are present. The dam located on the central portion of the site will be removed as part of the construction works. Weeds are evident along the creek line. The creek line supported water for a distance of 50m downstream of the second dam wall; at this point the water appears to soak into the ground, the drainage line being dry and vegetated by sedges and ferns. The third dam located at the Jumbunna Place site, is about 8m by 8m in size. The dam has earthen bed and banks. The riparian vegetation consists of a narrow band of native shrubs, whilst some emergent reeds are present. These aquatic environments are not considered to constitute habitat requirements for threatened fish, and therefore no threatened fish are considered to occupy these areas Construction impacts and mitigation measures Potential impacts on flora and fauna from the construction of the proposed scheme include: clearing native vegetation disturbing significant vegetation communities or species weed introduction introduction of pests and pathogens (such as Phytophthora, Myrtle Rust and Chytrid fungas) tree removal soil compaction construction runoff inadequate restoration. The flora and fauna assessment identified a number of potential flora and fauna constraints within the scheme envelope. These constraint areas would be avoided wherever possible; however an area of clearing would be required in order to install the scheme assets (such as transfer main, barometric loop, WRP, WWPS and irrigation fields). The majority of the proposed pipelines and assets would be located within previously disturbed corridors, such as roads, private residential properties and rural fields. A conservative approach has been used to evaluate the extent vegetation clearing impacts. The construction corridor would be minimised as much as possible during construction and clearing of vegetation would be avoided wherever possible. Flora species The direct and indirect impacts of the proposed scheme would result in a loss of 20 Hairy Geebung individuals, 5 as a direct result of construction and 15 as a potential indirect impact as a result of the increase in moisture content expected to occur within the natural drainage swale on the eastern portion of the Jumbunna Place irrigation field area. Effluent that would be released into the natural drainage swale at Jumbunna Place is excess baseflow that has not been taken up by evapotranspiration. It is assumed that the release of subsurface effluent would have an impact (either directly or indirectly) on the vegetation that occurs either side of this drainage line. However, given the context of the Hairy Geebung population at the site, this is not considered to be significant to the long term viability of the known local population. The loss of approximately 9.2% of the known Hairy Geebung population that occurs within, and close to, the proposed Jumbunna Place irrigation field from direct and/or indirect impacts is not considered to be significant to the long term viability of the known local population as a minimum of 201 individuals are to be retained. As such, there is unlikely to be a significant effect on this species, its population, or habitat. Thus, a Species Impact statement is not required. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 77

79 In relation to the Mittagong Geebung, a number of individuals of this species have been recorded in close proximity to the Jumbunna Place irrigation field. None of the 40 Mittagong Geebungs are expected to be adversely affected by the proposed works, including activities undertaken during the construction and operational phases. Similarly, none are expected to be indirectly affected through the release of the treated subsurface wastewater flows. However, given the presence of suitable habitat for the Mittagong Geebung and detection of this species, near the proposed works and that a small portion of this species habitat would be removed/modified; an assessment of the species habitat was undertaken in the flora and fauna assessment. The assessment found that a vast amount of habitat is present within and surrounding the scheme envelope. As such, there is unlikely to be a significant effect on this species, its population or habitat. Thus, a Species Impact Statement is not required. Though the Darwinia peduncularis and Small-flower Grevillea were not detected, the proposed scheme would remove/modify a portion of habitat currently available to these species. Given the amount of actual, and potential, habitat available to these three plants beyond the proposed development area, there is unlikely to be a significant effect on the possible occurrence of these species, their population, or habitat. Thus, a Species Impact statement is not required. Fauna species and habitat The two hollow-bearing trees located adjacent to West Parade may be affected due to root ball disturbance whilst the hollow-bearing tree that occurs in the Jumbunna Place irrigation field would need to be cleared. In regards to the West Parade trees, placement of the reticulation pipeline beyond the drip line of these trees would ensure that they are not adversely affected by the scope of works proposed. The undertaking of the proposed works would not disturb, remove, modify or fragment any habitats critical to the life cycle requirements of any hollow dependent threatened microchiropterans. The works would result in the loss of one hollow-bearing tree, which is not considered a significant loss. Therefore, it is considered that the proposed scheme would not have a significant impact on any hollow dependent threatened microchiropterans, their populations, ecological communities or habitats. Mitigation measures applicable during construction of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 7 and would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the CEMP. Table 7 Aspect Flora and Fauna Construction Mitigation Measures Construction Mitigation Measures Flora and Fauna Work methods would be developed as to avoid the removal of vegetation where practicable and minimise the need to trim vegetation. Materials, plant, equipment and stockpiles would not be placed in a manner that results in damage to vegetation located adjacent. Protective fencing (parawebbing) would be installed where required. Where practicable, materials, plant, equipment and stockpiles would not be placed within the drip-lines of any trees. Adopt the Australian Standard for the Protection of Trees on Development Sites for all drilling/boring operations. Manage all weeds removed as part of the proposed scheme in accordance with the requirements of the Noxious Weeds Act All noxious weeds which are cleared as part of the proposed scheme would be disposed of appropriately. Implement inspection/maintenance procedures to reduce the carriage of weed and noxious weed material on machinery. Backfill or cover trenches at night to prevent fauna falling in. If any threatened species (flora or fauna) are discovered during the work, all work would stop immediately and the Contractor s environmental representative would be notified. Work would only recommence once the impact on the species has been assessed and appropriate control measures developed. Construction plant and equipment would be washed prior to delivery to the site to prevent the potential spread of Phytopthora (Phytopthora cinnamomi), Myrtle rust (Pucciniales fungi) and chytrid fungus. Refer to the national best practice guidelines for Phytopthora. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 78

80 Aspect Construction Mitigation Measures If possible, direct seeding using locally occurring grasses, should be undertaken upon the backfilling of any trenches No works should be undertaken within those areas mapped as no-work zones within the flora and fauna assessment, until further ecological investigations are undertaken. Along West Parade and north from Boundary Street to the barometric loop the works should be located within the road reserve An alignment for the proposed transfer main should be selected that minimises/negates the removal of native vegetation. In particular, unnecessary modification of the Silvertop Ash/Red Bloodwood/Sydney Peppermint Woodland community that occurs within the rail corridor should be negated by placing the pipeline trench in the adjacent cleared lands (such as the road reserve or the cleared area between the linear strip of woodland and the railway line). The proposed works should aim to minimise/negate the loss of those hollow-bearing trees recorded. Engineering solutions should be implemented to ensure that if effluent is released from the effluent storage release point at the new WRP, it does not cause any further erosion of this drainage line (LesryK, 2012) Discharges into the creek line should not result in the downstream movement of sediments (LesryK, 2012) Utilisation of the Jumbunna irrigation field should aim at minimising the loss of those Hairy Geebung individuals present as much as possible and where feasible. Retain riparian vegetation on 510 West Parade site. Avoid clearing mature trees and habitat trees wherever possible. Any habitat trees to be removed would be felled by a qualified arborist, with a qualified ecologist or experienced fauna rescue personnel present Operational impacts and mitigation measures Reticulation and transfer main The proposed reticulation system seeks to reduce the amount of wastewater which is discharged to the environment within the residential area of Buxton. By reducing wastewater discharges which can contain nutrients, particulate matter and contaminants, local surface and ground water quality is expected to improve. Reducing pollutant discharge would potentially reduce algal growth and constrain the spread of weeds which thrive on the nutrients. As a result, the habitat of aquatic flora and fauna is expected to improve. Maintenance vehicles have potential to cause harm to flora and fauna, if permitted to travel off road. WRP, WWPS and irrigation fields The flora and fauna assessment reviewed the data provided by BMT WBM (2013) to assess potential impacts on the creek line at the West Parade irrigation area. Based on the predictive data provided by BMT WBM, the flora and fauna assessment considered that the more regular, slower flows would not have an adverse impact on the aquatic ecology of the creek line at the West Parade irrigation area. In addition the concentration and volumes of additional flows expected are not considered to cause any significant scouring of the banks. Whilst higher moisture levels may be prolonged, plants present have adapted to moist/wet conditions and as such would be able to tolerate the additional moisture levels predicted. While the presence of phosphorous and nitrogen within secondary treated effluent above what is already present in the landscape can facilitate the establishment of weeds, this is unlikely to alter the structure and value of the riparian community that is present. Additionally, the dam located on the central portion of the site (adjacent to the WRP) will be removed to prevent any potential algal blooms. As such no adverse impacts to the West Parade irrigation area are expected to occur. The nature of slow rate land treatment systems means leaching fractions for salts in the soil profile are readily achieved in the vast majority of years. During dry summer (due to low hydraulic loading rate) there is potential for soil salinity to increase periodically in soil environments. These periods Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 79

81 are not typically sufficient and salinities are not typically high enough to cause plant growth stress (BMT WBM 2013). The feasibility assessment of land treatment undertaken by BMT WBM for both irrigation sites (Appendix 4) has concluded that the wastewater pollutant loads would be readily assimilated during land treatment. Management of potential impacts on ecosystem health associated with pollutant loads would be adequately managed by maintaining stringent water quality targets established in the land feasibility assessment. An additional potential impact of the proposed LTS on ecosystem health relates to the hydrology of local ephemeral creeks and the broader sub-catchments. There remains the potential for indirect impacts to the Hairy Geebung as a result of the operation of the Jumbunna Place irrigation field (due to the potential increase in soil moisture downstream of the irrigation field). This is considered to have an adverse effect on 15 Hairy Geebungs identified within the eastern drainage line of the site. The proposed scheme is expected to result in an indirect loss of 15 Hairy Geebungs, in addition to the direct removal of 5 Hairy Geebungs during construction. In the context of the surrounding population, a total loss of 20 Hairy Geebungs during construction and operation represents approximately 9.2% of the total known population within the scheme envelope. A seven part test was undertaken which identified that the proposal is unlikely to have a significant effect on this species, its population or habitat. Therefore a Species impact Statement is not required. Based on the scope of works for the proposed scheme, and the identified habitats likely to be disturbed, it is not expected that areas used or occupied by potentially occurring threatened fauna species (previously recorded in the scheme envelope) or their habitat would be adversely affected. If present, none of these species or their local populations would be placed at risk of extinction. As such, if present either as a resident population or transient individual(s), it is not considered that the scope of works proposed would have a significant effect on any of these animals or their habitats. The works would not remove, limit, isolate, further fragment or modify any resources important to the life cycle requirements of those species. The native species recorded are protected, as defined by the NPW Act 1974, but considered to be common to abundant throughout the surrounding region. These animals would not be solely reliant upon the habitats likely to be disturbed by the proposed scheme, such that the removal or temporary disturbance of these would threaten the occurrence of these species. Due to their ability to adapt to, and be tolerant of, urban, rural and semi-rural environments, none of the native species recorded would be adversely affected, such that the viability of a local population of that animal would be placed at risk of extinction. The species recorded are all expected to be present within both the scheme envelope and surrounding region post-development. It is therefore considered that the proposed scheme would not have an adverse impact on the local or regional presence of any of the animals recorded. Mitigation measures applicable during operation of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 8. Flora and fauna management would be implemented during operation. Table 8 Aspect Flora and Fauna Operation Mitigation Measures Operation Mitigation Measures Flora and Fauna Maintenance work vehicles would be limited to formed access ways. During operation Sydney Water would monitor the irrigation site in accordance with a monitoring framework that would be developed prior to commissioning the proposal. The modelling framework would be established to validate the modelling work undertaken by BMT WBM and verify the impacts predicted in the LCA. Twenty Hairy Geebung individuals would be propagated within the Jumbunna Place site (or another suitable site if necessary). Post commissioning health monitoring of these twenty plants would be undertaken. This monitoring would involve a check of the plant s health every three months for the first year and every 6 months in following year. Any dead plants would be replaced. Post commissioning health monitoring would be undertaken to monitor indirect impacts of the proposed scheme on Persoonia hirsuta (Hairy Geebung) population near the Jumbunna Place drainage line. This monitoring would involve a check of the plants health every 3 months for the first year of operation. A Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) should be prepared and implemented for the Hairy Geebung and Mittagong Geebung A component of the VMP should be the treatment of those weeds that germinate postdisturbance Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 80

82 5.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage Existing non-aboriginal heritage The scheme envelope contains a number of listed non-aboriginal heritage items. Most of these are built cultural items such as homes and schools, which reflect a period of growth brought about by the construction and operation of the railway. A search of the State Heritage Register was conducted on 26th September The State Heritage Inventory contains heritage items on statutory lists in New South Wales provided by local councils and State government agencies. Schedule 5 of the Wollondilly LEP (2011) and RailCorp s Section 170 Heritage and Conservation Register were also searched for heritage items in the vicinity. Orange Road, at the southern end of the scheme envelope lies within the Wingecarribee LGA. No non-aboriginal items are registered in this area of the Wingecarribee Shire. An inventory of all registered non-aboriginal heritage items for the village of Buxton is presented in Table 9. A map of the locations these registered heritage items is shown Figure 21. It is possible that unrecorded heritage items (relics) exist below the ground within the scheme envelope. Table 9 Inventory of registered non-aboriginal heritage items Buxton, NSW. Heritage Item Location comments Heritage Listing Buxton Primary School* Buxton House Dunroman Cottage Cottage Cottage Buxton School of Arts Picton Lakes Village Wallaroo Road and Norwood Road. Within the scheme envelope. Not within the service area East Parade, Buxton. Within the scheme envelope Within service area. 1A Coevon Road, Buxton. Within scheme envelope Within the service area. 7-9 Erith Road, Buxton. Within the scheme envelope. Within the service area. 7-9 Eurelia Road, Buxton. Within the scheme envelope. Within the service area Eurelia Road, Buxton. Within the scheme envelope. Within the service area 22 West Parade, Buxton. Within the scheme envelope. Within the service area 155 East Parade, Couridjah Outside the scheme envelope Outside the service area Wollondilly LEP Listed as a local item under the State Heritage Register (Section 2) Wollondilly LEP Listed as a local item under the State Heritage Register (Section 2) Wollondilly LEP 2011 Wollondilly LEP 2011 Wollondilly LEP 2011 Wollondilly LEP 2011 Wollondilly LEP 2011 Wollondilly LEP 2011 * The heritage listed Buxton Primary School site is different to the present Buxton Primary School which is located on Hassall Road, Buxton. Buxton Primary School The Buxton Primary School is located at 24 Wallaroo Road and Norwood Road, Buxton and is listed as a locally listed heritage item on the State heritage inventory. The heritage inventory identified that since the school was relocated to Hassall Street in recent times, the building had been subject to damage by vandalism and fire. A recommendation was noted to remove the site from the inventory due to the damage. The building was not located during a site inspection on 30th October A repeat visit on 23rd November 2012 also failed to locate the building, and identified that a new residential building was under construction on the site. Discussions with Wollondilly Shire Council held on 5th December 2012 indicated that the school building was approved for demolition in Additionally, Wollondilly Council advised that it was not included as heritage item when Wollondilly LEP 2011 was prepared and it has been recommended for removal from Section 2 of the State Heritage Register. Although the property is located within the scheme envelope, the property is not included in the service area for the proposed scheme, therefore no construction activities would be undertaken on this site. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 81

83 Figure 21 Non-Aboriginal heritage map Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 82

84 Buxton House The locally heritage listed Buxton House is located at East Parade, Buxton. The heritage inventory provided by Wollondilly Shire Council describes the building as a single storey red-brick and sandstone cottage with stucco and terracotta chimneys, in fair condition. The heritage listing includes the fibro extensions and informally landscaped, mature gardens and garden features such as paths. A photograph of Buxton house is provided as Figure 22. The property is located within the scheme envelope and is included in the service area for the proposed scheme; therefore construction activities would be required on this site. As the property is listed under Section 2 of the State Heritage Register (as a locally listed heritage item), a Section 139 permit is not required under the Heritage Act 1977, to undertake any activities within the curtilage of this property. However, in accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP an assessment of any potential impacts would be undertaken prior to construction and written notice of the intention to carry out development is required to be submitted to Wollondilly Shire Council. Figure 22 Heritage item photograph Buxton House Dunroman cottage The locally heritage listed Dunroman cottage is located at 1A Coevon Road, Buxton. The heritage inventory provided by Wollondilly Shire Council describes the building as a timber weatherboard cottage of landmark value (circa 1890). The property is located within the scheme envelope and is included in the service area for the proposed scheme; therefore construction activities would be required on this site. The installation of the proposed on-property equipment would not impact the heritage significance of the cottage. In accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP an assessment of any potential impacts would be undertaken prior to construction and written notice of the intention to carry out development is required to be submitted to Wollondilly Shire Council. Cottage 7-9 Erith Road, Buxton The cottage at 7-9 Erith Road is locally heritage listed under the Wollondilly LEP The heritage inventory provided by Wollondilly Shire Council describes this cottage as an example of late 19th century rural architecture. Key features include the steeply pitched roof, single masonry chimney, skillion veranda and timber framed construction with weatherboard cladding (circa 1890). Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 83

85 The property is located within the scheme envelope and is included in the service area for the proposed scheme; therefore construction activities would be required on this site. In accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP an assessment of any potential impacts would be undertaken prior to construction and written notice of the intention to carry out development is required to be submitted to Wollondilly Shire Council. Cottage 7-9 Eurelia Road, Buxton The cottage at 7-9 Eurelia Road is locally heritage listed under the Wollondilly LEP The heritage inventory provided by Wollondilly Shire Council describes this cottage as the best maintained of only four houses in the area which have chimneys constructed of the same type of ashlar sandstone work, indicating that they were built around the same time (circa 1890) and by the same stonemason. The heritage inventory also describes the gardens as an inclusion to the heritage listing. The cottage has been sympathetically extended and the listing includes the established and highly aesthetic gardens. The property is located within the scheme envelope and is included in the service area for the proposed scheme; therefore construction activities would be required on this site. In accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP an assessment of any potential impacts would be undertaken prior to construction and written notice of the intention to carry out development is required to be submitted to Wollondilly Shire Council. Cottage Eurelia Road, Buxton The heritage inventory provided by Wollondilly Shire Council describes this cottage as an example of late 19th century rural architecture (circa 1890). Key features include the steeply pitched roof, single masonry chimney, skillion veranda and timber framed construction with weatherboard cladding. The property is located within the scheme envelope and is included in the service area for the proposed scheme; therefore construction activities would be required on this site. In accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP an assessment of any potential impacts would be undertaken prior to construction and written notice of the intention to carry out development is required to be submitted to Wollondilly Shire Council. Buxton School of Arts This locally heritage listed school building is located at 22 West Parade, Buxton. The heritage inventory provided by Wollondilly Shire Council describes the building as an example of a typical rural school, timber framed with weatherboards and gabled roof (circa 1910). The building has local significance for its role in the social development of the village. The property is located within the scheme envelope and within in the service area for the proposed scheme, therefore construction activities may be required on this site to facilitate servicing. In accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP an assessment of any potential impacts would be undertaken prior to construction and written notice of the intention to carry out development is required to be submitted to Wollondilly Council. Picton Lakes Village Picton Lakes Village is the only known intact surviving example of a purpose-built tuberculosis facility in NSW. It s instigation by Phillip Lazarus in the 1920 s was unprecedented and Picton Lakes Village was the first of its type to be erected anywhere in Australia. The village consists of 19 identical cottages, an administration building and two hall/workshops. While it is not listed as a State heritage item, Wollondilly Shire Council has recommended the site be listed on the NSW State Heritage Register. Picton Lakes Village is located outside the scheme envelope and is not included in the service area for the proposed scheme, therefore no construction activities would be undertaken on this site. Picton Lakes Village is located to the east of the proposed WRP and irrigation field and to the north of the Jumbunna Place irrigation field. The location, construction and operation of the proposed WRP and irrigation fields are not expected to impact on the heritage significance of Picton Lakes Village. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 84

86 Picton Mittagong loop railway line The Picton Mittagong loop railway line which passes through Buxton was originally built in 1867, with the station at Buxton built in The original station building and platform were destroyed by bushfire, and the current platform and sign are replicas built in about The Loop line now consists of a section of operational track between Picton and Buxton which is not used by commuter trains, and infrequently by excursion trains. The track south of Buxton is not maintained as operational and is not passable by rail traffic. RailCorp commuters to and from Buxton are serviced by buses. Although the Buxton station is a replica, and the section of rail track and associated assets are not listed on State and local heritage registers or the RailCorp Section 170 Heritage and Conservation Register, there is potential for items of heritage significance to be located beneath the ground within the rail corridor. Therefore the corridor should be considered sensitive with regard to non- Aboriginal heritage during construction of the scheme Construction impacts and mitigation measures The proposed scheme assets would be in close proximity to several locally listed heritage items in Buxton. The installation of pipelines and on-property equipment has the potential to cause vibration and accidental mechanical damage to heritage items. The proposed scheme is not expected to directly affect the identified heritage items. The final position of pipelines would be determined during detailed design, and modified where possible to avoid curtilages associated with listed items. The location of on-property equipment installed within the curtilage of any heritage listed property would not negatively impact on the heritage significance of the property. The control panel must not be affixed to the side of the house or any other structure associated with the heritage listing. In accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP, Wollondilly Shire Council would be notified of the proposed works. Prior to construction, an assessment would be undertaken to ensure the location of the on-property equipment installed within the curtilage of any heritage listed property would not negatively impact on the heritage significance of the property. Where any items of potential heritage significance are discovered during construction activities, the Contractor and Sydney Water would determine the appropriate course of action. Mitigation measures applicable during construction of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 10 and would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the CEMP. Table 10 Non-Aboriginal Heritage Construction Mitigation Measures Aspect Non-Aboriginal heritage Construction Mitigation Measures Where practicable, ARFs and ancillary facilities would be located to minimise potential impacts on heritage items. Construction compounds would be sited to minimise potential impacts on heritage items. During site induction, work crews would be informed by the Contractor s Environmental Representative about any nearby heritage items and measures required to avoid potential impacts. Prior to starting works within the curtilage of an identified heritage item listed under Wollondilly LEP, Wollondilly Shire Council shall be consulted and provided with an assessment for consideration in accordance with Clause 14 of the ISEPP. The assessment would outline the proposed works and how the works would be undertaken in order to ensure no adverse effects to the heritage significance of the heritage items listed under Wollondilly LEP. The location of onproperty equipment installed within the curtilage of any heritage listed property would not negatively impact on the heritage significance of the property. The control panel must not be affixed to the side of the house or any other structures associated with the heritage listing. When working within the curtilage of an identified heritage item, warning tape or exclusion fencing would be installed around the site to prevent accidental damage to these items. A property condition report is required prior to works being undertaken within the curtilage of heritage items. If an item (or suspected item) of non-aboriginal heritage is discovered during the work, all work in that area would cease and the Contractor s Environmental Representative would inform Sydney Water s Heritage Advisor as soon as possible to determine the subsequent course of action. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 85

87 5.6.3 Operational impacts and mitigation measures The operation and maintenance of the proposed scheme is not expected to impact on non- Aboriginal heritage items. While ancillary facilities (such as ARFs) may be located in the vicinity of heritage items, these facilities are common features of urban environments and their presence is unlikely to impact on the significance of heritage items. No additional mitigation measures are applicable during operation of the scheme. 5.7 Aboriginal heritage Existing Aboriginal heritage A due diligence Aboriginal archaeological assessment of the proposed scheme envelope (study area) was undertaken by Niche Environment and Heritage. The due diligence assessment included desktop review and site inspection. The due diligence report is provided in Appendix 5. Searches of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) was undertaken on 11th October 2012, a search of the National Heritage List (NHL) database was undertaken on the 15th October 2012, and searches of the State Heritage Register, State Heritage Inventory and Wollondilly LEP were undertaken on 16th October The results of all searches indicated there were no recorded items located within the study area for the proposed scheme. Site inspections were undertaken with a representative of the Tharawal Local Aboriginal Land Council (LALC) on 30 th October 2012 and 6 th November 2012, and an additional inspections by the Niche archaeologist (without the LALC representative) were undertaken on the 15 th November and 3 rd December No Aboriginal objects or sites were located within the study area. The due diligence Aboriginal archaeological assessment established that no Aboriginal sites or objects were located within the study area and the potential for such sites is considered low due to the level of disturbance and landscape context of the study area. The Aboriginal Heritage due diligence assessment concludes that the proposed scheme is considered unlikely to harm Aboriginal sites or objects. No further archaeological investigation is required prior to the commencement of the proposed scheme Construction impacts and mitigation measures During construction, the work is unlikely to impact Aboriginal heritage. The proposed scheme has generally been designed to be located within areas that have been disturbed by previous urban development. No Aboriginal items or places were identified during the due diligence assessment of the proposed scheme envelope. According to the Due Diligence Code of Practice for the Protection of Aboriginal Objects in New South Wales (DECCW, 2010) the proposed scheme at Buxton may proceed with caution. Mitigation measures applicable during construction of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 11 and would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the CEMP. Table 11 Aboriginal Heritage Construction Mitigation Measures Aspect Aboriginal heritage Construction Mitigation Measures Restrict construction activities and machinery to designated work areas. If an Aboriginal object (or suspected object) of heritage significance is discovered during the work, all work in that area would cease and the Contractors Environmental Representative would inform Sydney Water s Heritage Advisor and the OEH in accordance with Section 89A of the NPW Act. If any human skeletal remains are discovered, cease work immediately and notify the NSW Police and Sydney Water. For historic remains (>100 years) notification is required to the DoP Heritage Branch and OEH Aboriginal heritage division. These authorities would direct the appropriate response. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 86

88 5.7.3 Operational impacts and mitigation measures The proposed scheme would not disturb the ground surface during operation and is therefore unlikely to impact Aboriginal heritage once construction is complete. No additional mitigation measures are applicable during operation of the scheme. 5.8 Air quality Existing air quality Air quality within the service area appears to be typical of a semi-rural residential area. Local pollution sources in Buxton include odours from agriculture, vehicle emissions, solid fuel heaters, bushfires, backyard burning and on-site wastewater systems. Odours associated with septic tank pump-outs and operation of on-site wastewater systems are experienced in the village. Excursion trains which travel from Picton to Buxton are steam trains which ordinarily emit steam clouds and some odour of burning solid fuel. The trains operate infrequently, generally on weekends and public holidays. A search of the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) was undertaken on 26th October 2012 for the Buxton area (Australia Post postcodes: 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574). The NPI contains data on 93 substances around Australia that have been identified by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC) as important due to their possible effect on human health and the environment. The search identified that there were no registered sources in the village of Buxton during the 2010/2011 reporting period. Three registered facilities were located within 10km of Buxton which registered emissions to air: Tahmoor Coal, Tahmoor (approximately 3km east). Air emissions from this facility (2010/2011) include various heavy metals. Inghams Breeder Farm A, Bargo (approximately 3km east). Air emissions from this facility (2010/2011) include ammonia only. Inghams Breeder Farm B, Bargo (approximately 3km east). Air emissions from this facility (2010/2011) include ammonia only. Potential negative impacts from these facilities on the village of Buxton would be limited and impacts would be dependent on the prevailing wind direction and intensity Construction impacts and mitigation measures Impacts on air quality during the construction phase of the proposed scheme would be minor, short term and primarily from: dust generated during excavation and boring activities (wind could stir up soil that has been excavated and/or stockpiled and this could cause minor localised increases in dust) dust generated by vehicles travelling along unsealed roads emissions from machinery, equipment and vehicles used during construction. Mitigation measures applicable during construction of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 12 and would be incorporated into the Environmental Management Sub-plans of the CEMP. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 87

89 Table 12 Air Quality Construction Mitigation Measures Aspect Air Quality Construction Mitigation Measures Dampen, cover or mulch exposed surfaces in windy conditions. Manage materials stockpiles to minimise the generation of dust and wind erosion. Cover materials transported to and from the site to reduce dust generation. Use sealed access roads where they are available. Access points would be inspected to determine whether material is being transferred to the surrounding road network. Roads would be swept as required to control dust generation if required. All construction plant and machinery would be properly maintained and fitted with emission control devices complying with the Australian Design Standards. Turn off machinery and vehicles when not in use Operational impacts and mitigation measures The proposed scheme would replace the existing on-site wastewater systems, with a new reticulated system that minimises the risk of leaks and overflows. It is expected that the community would benefit from the implementation of the proposed scheme as odours associated with septic tank pump-outs and operation of on-site wastewater systems would decrease, representing an overall improvement in amenity. The potential for odour is generally highest during the initial operational phase of the wastewater system when few customers have connected. The system operates more effectively as more customers connect and shorter wastewater residence times are observed in the network. Odours associated with existing on-site systems and tankering would be eliminated as properties progressively connect to the new reticulation system. Tankering activities required during emergency situations, maintenance or commissioning activities may emit odour during pump-out however the potential impact to the nearest receivers is expected to be minor and infrequent. ARFs would be installed within the Buxton reticulation area, and passive odour control, such as carbon canisters, would be installed on the ARFs where there is potential for odour to be an issue. A barometric loop ensures that the reticulation system remains pressurised and reduces air movements in and out of the reticulation system. Limiting air movements would reduce the risk of odour related issues throughout the village. The barometric loop would also have an ARF and carbon canister to mitigate odour that may be generated at the barometric loop. The WWPS is a boost type (dry well) arrangement which allows for a closed system to be maintained. This significantly reduces the risk of odour release from the wastewater to the surrounding environment. The CDU at the WWPS site would treat wastewater for odour causing components before it arrives at the WRP and therefore minimise the risk of odour and corrosion impacts at the WRP. Although odour risk would be largely managed by chemical dosing at the WWPS, provision has also been made for odour containment at the WRP. The WRP inlet works would be fitted with carbon canisters to remove any odour at the inflow of wastewater to the plant. The secondary treatment process would include dosing of wastewater with liquid alum, sodium hypochlorite and caustic soda to remove odour causing components from the wastewater and therefore limit potential odours during the treatment process and during irrigation. The WRP site is located outside the residential area of the village; therefore any potential odour impacts during treatment would be limited and minor. Odour modelling would be undertaken prior to detailed design. Appropriate odour control would be provided to ensure compliance with the Draft NSW Best Practice Odour Guideline sewerage systems including sewage treatment plants, water recycling facilities, sewage reticulation systems and sewer mining (Department of Planning, 2010). The land feasibility investigation undertaken by BMT WBM indicated that secondary treated and disinfected wastewater that is applied to land via subsurface irrigation would have minimal potential for odour (BOD < 20mg/L). Both irrigation fields are located outside the residential area of the village, therefore any potential odour impacts during irrigation would be limited and minor. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 88

90 All tankers and operations vehicles would use formed access roads where these are available. Mitigation measures applicable during operation of the proposed scheme are presented in Table 13. Air quality management would be implemented during operation. Table 13 Air Quality Operation Mitigation Measures Aspect Air Quality Operation Mitigation Measures All odour complaints would be registered and investigated. Engineering, operational or other odour reduction measures would be implemented where odour complaints about the system are verified. 5.9 Noise and vibration Existing noise and vibration Buxton generally has low ambient noise levels, which can be attributed to the surrounding rural and bush land and low-density residential development. The most dominant influence on ambient noise levels is road traffic, with areas in close proximity to East and West Parades generally experiencing higher background noise levels. Excursion trains which travel from Picton to Buxton are steam trains which ordinarily emit loud noise and vibration. The trains operate infrequently, generally on weekends and public holidays. Other noise sources include barking dogs, birds and livestock. Wollondilly Shire Council has indicated that barking dogs are one of the main causes of noise concerns in the LGA (Wollondilly Shire Council, 2008). Residential dwellings, schools and childcare centres are receivers that may potentially be temporarily affected by noise during construction activities. The following noise sensitive receivers have been identified within and around the scheme envelope: Buxton Public School Hassall Road, Buxton Little Possums Early Learning Centre/Pioneer Preschool 5 East Parade, Buxton Telopea Park Recreation area East Parade, Buxton Buxton Community Church 6 West Parade, Buxton Buxton School of Arts (hosts play groups and preschool days) West Parade, Buxton Heritage items identified in Section 5.6 are considered vibration sensitive receivers. The location of noise sensitive receivers within and around the scheme envelope are shown in Figure 23. A construction and operation baseline noise study was conducted for the project and is included in Appendix 6. The report documents relevant noise guidelines, results of long term ambient noise monitoring and specific construction and operational noise goals for the project. Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 89

91 Figure 23 Noise sensitive receivers and monitoring locations map Review of Environmental Factors - Revision 0 Page 90