Energy, Water and Climate: Connecting the Dots

Transcription

1 Water, Energy & Climate Nexus: An Industrial Perspective ACS Briefing Energy, Water and Climate: Connecting the Dots Washington, D.C. December 16, 2009 Manian Ramesh Chief Technology Officer Nalco Company 1

2 Clean Water Access A Key Issue in Fastest-growing Economies The percent of people with access to adequate, safe drinking water within 1 kilometer of their home remains woefully inadequate in areas with the greatest potential and expectations for rapid economic development. Economic development will need to coincide with improved access to safe water for domestic use. Industrial controls, through using less water, and fully treating discharged water, must contribute to meeting this basic human need. Source: World Health Organization, January 2007 Access to Safe Water <50% 51-70% 71-90% 91-99% 100% Data N/A 2 2

3 Water & Energy are Interdependent Water needs for Energy Thermoelectric Cooling Hydropower Energy resources extraction Fuel Production Emission Management Energy needs for Water Treatment Conditioning for use Transport & Conveyance Production (eg desalination) Pumping 3

4 Energy and Water Usage Economic Intensity of Water Usage Economic Intensity of Energy Usage m3/$ value of production MJ per $ value of production Paper & Allied products Refined petroleum & Coal products Primary metal Chemical & chemical products 0 Refined petroleum and coal products Paper & allied Products Primary metal Chemical & chemical products Pulp and paper industry is one of the largest consumers of water and energy in the manufacturing sector 4

5 In developing countries, water treatment spend grows faster than GDP Modernization drives perperson water treatment increase. Add to high industrial growth rates for the absolute need for water sustainability MVA is Manufacturing Value Added Sources: Fredonia World Water Treatment Products, March Data correlation corrected for scaling differences from logarithmic chart presented by Fredonia 5

6 Water treatment saves energy and ultimately GHG Water Use Issue Treatment impact Water used as a heat transfer mechanism in boilers, cooling towers Scale and microbial growth insulate heat transfer surfaces Keeps surfaces clean, facilitating energyefficient heat transfer Membranes and other equipment are used to filter contaminants in water applications Pores block, requiring more energy to push or pull clean water through surfaces Keeps membrane surfaces free of contaminants, saving energy Hot water is used in a multitude of industrial applications and often released hot Recycling heated water for other applications saves energy required Cleans and redirects heated water to other hot water applications, saving energy 6 6

7 Fossil Fuel Power Stations Cooling system management changes can often produce meaningful reductions in: Heat rate (fuel BTU s/kwh produced) Fuel cost (per KWH produced) CO 2 emissions total Impact of a 1% Heat Rate Reduction 500 MW Coal-fired Plant Fuel savings - $525,000/yr CO 2 avoidance 44,700 tons/yr 500 MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Plant Fuel savings - $1,714,000/yr CO 2 avoidance 17,200 tons/yr Air pollutant releases also reduced % Reduction in CO2-eq, te/yr/mwe in CF = 70-95% out CT Basin Temperature Drop = 1-2 deg C Combined Effect Fuel Used Brown Coal Black Coal Natural Gas Source: Greenhouse Gas Reduction from Fossil Fuel Power Stations, K. Gehan and A.J. Hook (2006) 7 7

8 Impact of scale on boiler energy requirements Effect of boiler tube scale and deposits Energy efficiency loss Risk of tube failure from overheating or corrosion Reduced steam quality Reduced steam system reliability Typical Fuel Costs Associated with Boiler Efficiency (annual) Steam Generation (kilos/hour) 0.2 mm scale 0.4 mm scale 0.8 mm scale 2500 $6,720 $13,906 $21, $13,440 $27,891 $43, $26,881 $55,703 $86, $67,201 $139,297 $216,132 Typical Energy Loss 2% 4% 6% mm = millimeter Excess energy is required to overcome even very small amounts of boiler scale. Presence of other contaminants including iron and silica further increases costs. 8 8

9 A Holistic Industrial Water Treatment 9

10 Technology Helps Industry Conserve, Re-Use and Recycle Water Opportunity : Technology providers can expand market with technologies that help companies utilize environmental resources more efficiently In 2008, Nalco s patented technology examples below saved over 64 billion gallons water/yr and reduced CO2 emissions by 30,000 tons/yr. We will exceed 100 billion gallons of water savings/yr & reduce 50,000 tons/yr of CO2 emissions over the next few years. Examples: Membrane Performance Enhancer (NALCO MPE 50) Membrane Bio Reactor Recycle Hydrodynamics Water reclaimed as make-up after quality improvement Wet End Chemistry PCR Technology PARETO TM Water Management Re-Use Water reclaimed as make-up without any change to its quality Conservation Through improved Water Treatment, Operation of Equipment and Automation & Control 10

11 3D TRASAR Technology for Cooling Towers Industry Need: Higher usage cycles, reliable corrosion control, effective microbial treatment and blow down reduction Solution: A holistic cooling tower treatment A predictive model for antiscalants based on water chemistry and tower physical characteristics A real time diagnostic monitoring and control, 7/24 remote monitoring based on proprietary probes and preventive measures for ensuring consistent operation Economic & Environmental Gains: Consistent unit operation with any quality of feed water A chemical plant in Texas saved 1 billion gallons of water and $ 4 million in annual maintenance cost in 2008 Current installations saved 63 billion gallons water in

12 PARETO Wet-End Optimization Technology to deliver a controlled physical chemical reaction and optimal penetration into the process flow Feed Liquid can be hot filtered process water rather than fresh water Significantly minimizes machine breaks Increased machine speed PARETO Wet-End Optimization technology has saved (2008): One billion gallons of fresh water 440 billion BTU of energy These savings resulted in preventing approximately 15,000 tons of CO2 from being released to the environment 12

13 Results from a U.S. pharmaceutical plant Benefit Description We have a long way to go before we have exhausted sustainability efforts that improve industry profitability Water Savings Energy Savings Wastewater reduction of 45,000 Gallons per day Electrical: 7,731,000 kwh Gas: 305,000 therms Cost Savings Water Savings: $876,000 Energy Savings: $367,000 Total Savings: $1,243,000 Environmental Stewardship and LEED Green Building certification In terms of LEED, the recommendations result in the equivalent savings of: 17,150 tons of CO 2 29,100 tons of NO 725 tons of SO 2 Equals planting 4,222 acres trees or removing pollution of 2,038 mid-sized cars Emerging partnerships of diverse competencies provide a comprehensive understanding of energy, water and other environmental savings