SACROC CO 2 Flood Project Challenges: Past, Present, and Future

Transcription

1 SACROC CO 2 Flood Project Challenges: Past, Present, and Future Presented at the 19 th Annual CO 2 Flooding Conference December 11-13, 2013 Midland, Texas 1

2 SACROC is in the Kelly-Snyder Field, largest of a chain of Canyon Reef Fields making up the Pennsylvanian Aged Horseshoe Atoll 2

3 SACROC Unit Information Field discovery 11/1948 Productive area: 49,980 acres Formation: Canyon Reef OOIP: 2,800 MMSTBO Oil column thickness: up to 900 ft in Platform Average depth: 6800 Discovery pressure: 3122 psi Oil gravity: 42 API HC GOR: Original: 1000 Scf/Stbo CO2 Flood: 2600 Scf/Stbo Rich gas, 230 Bbls NGL/Mmscf HC gas Total CO2 Flood Gas GOR: 28,000 Scf/Stbo 11/2013 Production & Injection: 31,900 BOPD 18,900 BPD NGL 1,040 MMSCFID CO2 (90% Recycled) 3 4

4 Daily Rates (BOPD, BWPD, BWIPD, CO2 Production & Injection MSCFD) 10,000,000 SACROC Unit Performance History 11/1948: Field discovery 9/1954: Center Line Water Injection begins Late 1971: Pattern waterflood begins 1/1972: CO2 injection begins 3/1974: Peak oil rate (215,000 Bopd) 1975: 20-acre infill drilling, 40-acre 5-spot development BOPD BWPD CO2 Recycle (MSCFD) BWIPD CO2 Injection (MCFID) 1,000, ,000 10,000 Cumulatives: Oil Prod: 1.36 Bstbo CO2 Inj: 4.92 Tcf CO2 Recovery: 2.99 Tcf 1,000 1/1/1945 1/1/1955 1/1/1965 1/1/1975 1/1/1985 1/1/1995 1/1/2005 1/1/2015 4

5 BOPD, BWPD, HC MSCFD, CO2p MSCFD, BWIPD, CO2i MSCFID SACROC 1974 Center Line CO2 Injection Test Patterns SACROC Unit Center Line CO2 Test Area BOPD BWPD HC MSCFD CO2 MSCFD BWIPD CO2 MSCFID SACROC Cumulative CO2 Injection to 1/1/1975 Two 40-acre 5-spots were drilled in in a watered out area in the Center Line Area Definitive 200 BOPD oil response occurred CO2 injected for 10 months, 16% HCPV CO2, 1.5% OOIP EOR P3 North P3 SOUTH P1A P1B P /1/1973 1/1/1974 1/1/1975 1/1/1976 1/1/1977 5

6 Daily Rates (BPD, MSCFD) SACROC 4-Pattern Area CO2 Flood Pilot Pilot conducted in south part of Unit ahead of the CO2 injection expansion into the south of the Unit Pilot made up of four ~160-acre inverted 9-spot patterns 2000 BOPD+ of definitive oil response EOR was 10% of OOIP after 30% HCPV CO2 injection However, oil influx from outside project area complicates analysis; IWR<1.0 Cumulative CO2 Injection Bubble Map through January, BOPD BWPD CO2 MSCFD BWIPD CO2 MSCFID Water injection from 1973 to 1981 CO2-WAG injection from 1981 to /1/1970 1/1/1975 1/2/1980 1/1/1985 6

7 SACROC Early 1997 CO2 Injection Focusing on Center Line, Norflood, & SW Bank Redevelopment Projects Pennzenergy suspected that SACROC hadn t been effectively CO2 flooded Other West Texas projects beginning CO2 injection in the 1980 s and 1990 s had exhibited significant CO2 Flood EOR Wedges SACROC s CO2 injection had been conducted using high WAG ratios, sometimes below MMP Center Line Norflood Three focused CO2 flood test areas were initiated: Norflood Focused on low permeability Middle Canyon Southwest Bank Focused CO2 injection in lower permeability reservoir Center Line Focused 40-acre 5-spot pattern development SW Bank 7

8 Initial KM CO2 Flood Redevelopment KM Purchased SACROC in 2000 Doe Canyon McElmo Dome Expanded upon Pennzenergy s successful Center Line CO2 flood project St. John s KM expanded its CO2 pipeline infrastructure in 2003 by installing the Centerline Pipeline to deliver another 300 MMSCFD to the SACROC area and beyond CO2 Pipelines Sacroc Yates Katz 8

9 CL1 SACROC CO2 Flood Redevelopment Project Areas Year Project 1996: Center Line 1 & 2 Expansions (CL1 & CL2) 2001: Center Line 3 (CL3) 2002: Center Line 4 (CL4) 2002: Center Line 5 (CL5) 2003: Bull s Eye (BE) 2004: Center Ring 1 (CR1) 2005: Center Ring 2 (CR2) 2007: Southwest Center Line 1 & 2 (SWCL1 & 2) 2008: Southwest Center Line 3 (SWCL3) 2008: Gilligan s Island (GI) 2008: South Platform (SP) CR1 CR2 BE SP CR2 GI Platform development was deferred until all of the Central Plain areas were completed. CR2 SWCL 1 & 2 CL3 9

10 Oil Rate (BOPD) CO2 Flood Project Area Contribution to Total Unit Production Gilligan's Island South Platform Southwest Center Line CR 2 CR 1 Bullseye CL 5 CL 4 CL 3 CL 1 & 2 SACROC Unit Total /1/1995 1/1/2000 1/1/2005 1/1/

11 Platform CO2 Flood Development SACROC Platform Area has the thickest pay in all of SACROC OOIP: 951 MMSTBO Area: 5700 acres, 145 patterns Complex, Highly Heterogeneous Reservoir Some Dual, Triple injection well completions used to better distribute CO2 injection Core Location 11

12 ting SACROC for Conformance Platform - Intervals Pay Zone Intervals Intervals Descriptions Cisco Moderate matrix permeability, unconnected fractures result in fast processing rates in some areas, porosity lenses not well connected. Green Zone MCN3 Lower Middle Canyon Thick and continuous with good matrix permeability. Characterized by highly permeable features that short circuit sweep through matrix. High permeability matrix, good continuity, excellent sweep. Layered and continuous. Low porosity and matrix permeability. Few fractures or high permeability features. 12

13 Platform Area Green Zone SACROC west side SACROC upper Green Zone SACROC south and east side Navassa Island Modern Day Green Zone Analog Karsted Core Sample 13

14 P1A & P1B 2009 Initial Platform CO2 Flood Project Areas Expanding CO2 Flood into the Platform meant confronting severe CO2 channeling issues Several cases of CO2 breaking through within hours of starting CO2 injection P1A P1B IDEA (Infill Development Experimental Area) 10-acre infill drilling & conversion project was implemented to create 20-acre 5-spot patterns Objective was to increase recovery by connecting up discontinuous pay and allow faster processing of lower permeability layers Unfortunately the infill drilling also connected up the high permeability layers/channels 10-acre IDEA Producers IDEA Conversions to Injection 14

15 CO2 Channeling Issues Early CO2 channeling issues resulted in several patterns having to be shut-in Cross-linked polyacrylate gel treatments successfully controlled many of the problems (except in the most extreme cases) The long pump times required for placing the polymer treatments resulted in substantial IDEA Area production Map Showing downtime Channels Indicated by Polymer Testing Injecting Polymer Polymer Finished Shut In after BT RTP RTI CO2 Confirmed Channel Suspected Channel 15

16 P2 Project Design Changes Pre-Injection Polymer Treatments were pumped Pumping polymer before beginning CO2 injection avoided significant production downtime Where economically justified, three injection well completions were implemented to better distribute CO2 injection Horizontal producer was drilled on east side of project Replaced drilling 5 vertical wells

17 SACROC Pattern Triplet Injection Completion 2013 Average Injection (RBPD) Processing Rate (%HCPV/Yr) OOIP Completion (MSTBO) Cisco % GZ/UMCN % LMCN % Total % CO2 Water CO2 Water CO2 Water Cisco Green Zone Middle Canyon 17

18 Oil Rate (BOPD) SACROC Pattern CO2 Production (MSCFD), Water Production (BWPD) CO2 Inj Rate (MSCFD) Total Pattern CO2 Inj Rate Lower Middle Canyon Green Zone Cisco Actual BOPD Actual BWPD Actual CO2p MCFD Dec-13 Jul-13 Dec-12 Jul-12 Jan-12 Dec-13 Jul-13 Dec-12 Jul-12 Jan-12 18

19 SACROC Platform Oil Rate Tests 12/

20 Daily Rates Horizontal Producers Drilling a horizontal producer replaced drilling 5 vertical wells 100,000 Well was completed using 18 crosslinked gelled acid stages SACROC Horizontal Producer 30-22H Horizontal Producing Well 10,000 1, Oil (BBLS) 10 1 Water (BBLS) Gas (MCF) Sum of Offset CO2 Injection (MSCF) Being able to drill horizontal producers will reduce the development cost of expanding the CO2 flood project into the thinner patterns along the edge of the field 20

21 Lower MCN Horizontal Injection Completions Concerns over Lower MCN vertical well drilling costs, reservoir processing rates led to approving 6 horizontal injection wells in the P3 South and P3 North CO2 Flood Project Areas Vertical well Lower MCN processing rates estimated to be <10% HCPV/yr Multi-stage acid fractured Lower MCN processing rate expected to be >25% HCPV/yr All 3 of the P3 South wells have be successfully drilled and completed 11-16H began CO2 injection on 11/27/13; currently injecting 25,000 MSCFD (30% HCPV/yr) 11-16H 21

22 CO2 Flood Project Area Contribution to Total Unit Production 22

23 Future SACROC CO2 Flood Development 4-Component Strategy: Exploit Transition Zone By-Passed Redevelopment Edge Pattern Development Reassessment of Infill Development Potential 23

24 Rate (BPD, MSCFD) SACROC South Shore Transition Zone Test Patterns and SACROC Unit Pattern PATS & Actual MCFID Actual BWPD Actual CO2p MCFD Actual BOPD /1/ /30/2011 6/30/ /29/2012 6/30/

25 Bypassed MCN Pay Horizontal Injector H 25

26 PAT PAT 96-1 PAT PAT PAT 51-4A PAT 51-2 PAT 54-3PAT 54-4 PAT 57-4 PAT 57-3PAT 60-2 PAT 61-5PAT 65-2A PAT 60-1 PAT 87-2 PAT 86-15A PAT 61-9 PAT 86-9A PAT 94-5 Center PAT PAT PAT Ring 1 & 2 Bypassed Pay PAT PAT PAT 90-3 PAT 81-2 PAT 73-1 PAT 71-1PAT 69-1A PAT 67-1A PAT 67-4APA PAT 99B-2A PAT 73-2 PAT 94-3 PAT 81-1 PAT 74-10PAT 74-2 PAT 71-8 PAT 69-2 PAT 86-3A PAT 91-9GAP PAT 92-1GAP PAT PAT 91-3GAP PAT Horizontal PAT 91-5 Well Redevelopment Area PAT 92-9 PAT 69-3A PAT 69-4A PAT 67-3A PAT PAT PAT 74-11PAT 74-9 PAT 71-3 PAT 67-2 PAT 98-1 PAT 73-3 PAT 71-4 PAT PAT 94-2 PAT 73-4 PAT 91-4 PAT 89-1A PAT 82-2 PAT 81A-1 PAT 90-4A PAT 86-4 PAT 86-2 PAT 115-1GAP PAT 77-1 PAT PAT 107A-1 PAT 77-2 PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 75-2 PAT 72-3 PAT PAT 72-1 PAT 70-1PAT 70-3A PAT PAT 119-2PAT PAT PAT 85-1PAT PAT PAT 115-5GAP PAT 77-8 PAT 77-3 PAT PAT 109-5A PAT PAT PAT 85-3 PAT 85-4 PAT 75-4 PAT 75-3PAT 72-4 PAT 72-2 PAT 70-8 PAT PAT PAT PAT 117-4PAT PAT 119-1PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 79-5 PAT 85-6 PAT 77-4 P PAT PAT PAT PAT 113-3A PAT PAT 85-5 PAT 75-8 PAT 75-6PAT 72A-7 PAT 116-7GAP PAT PAT 118-6PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 79-7 PAT 79-6 PAT 129-2PAT 129-4A PAT 85-2 PAT PAT PAT 109-1A PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 122-2PAT PAT 85-7 PAT 75-7PAT 75-5 PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 128-X PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 156-4GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 124-7PAT PAT PAT 123-1PAT PAT 127-5PAT 128-Y PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 118-4AGAP PAT 118-2PAT PAT PAT PAT 145-1A PAT PAT PAT 139-2A PAT PAT 136-X PAT PAT 138-6A PAT PAT PAT PAT 152-3A PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 149-1PAT 147-5PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 140-5PAT PAT PAT 136-Z PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 150-4GAP PAT PAT PAT 136-Y PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT A PAT 141-1PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 138-7A PAT 143-3GAP PAT 137-X PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 174-4PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 173-9GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT 141-2PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 167-6GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 172-6GAP PAT 178-2PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 176-8GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 178-3GAP PAT 179-5GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 177-4A PAT PAT 166-2GAPPAT 224-2GAP PAT PAT PAT 223-1GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 229-2AGAP PAT PAT PAT 220-5PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 217-7PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 215-6PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 225-3A PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 217-1GAP PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 269-1A PAT 271-1A PAT PAT PAT 263-1A PAT PAT PAT 259-2A PAT PAT PAT PAT 273-1A PAT PAT PAT 262A-2A PAT 206A-7 PAT PAT 261-1A PAT 265-2A PAT 268-2A PAT PAT PAT PAT 206-5A PAT 261-7A PAT PAT 262A-1A PAT 299-1A PAT PAT 299-4A PAT PAT 266-1A PAT PAT PAT PAT

27 Potential CO2 Flood Expansion Patterns Although pay quality is less favorable, significant OOIP (>500 MMSTBO) exists outside the active or currently proposed project areas Challenges to developing these patterns include Few if any available well bores Insufficient pay volume to economically justify traditional pattern development Potential solutions being evaluated include: Multi-stage fracture stimulated horizontal producers and injectors Including Transition Zone reservoir volumes in recovery forecasts Identifying areas that water flooded well, indicating they will respond well to CO2 injection 27

28 P3 SOUTH IDEA versus Offset Project Recoveries IDEA Pattern recoveries to date are around 3% higher than in offset areas PAT 21-5 Although initially plagued by CO2 breakthrough problems, the combination of 10-acre infill drilling polymer gel and specialized cement squeeze treatments may have resulted in high efficiency patterns Some improved recovery due to targeting geologically isolated Green Zone Pinchouts Additional infill wells have been recommended PAT 41-4 PAT 42-3 PAT 42-2 PAT 48-3 PAT 21-4 PAT 22-6 PAT 22-5 PAT 23-2 PAT 23-1 PAT 41-2 PAT 41-1 PAT 42-1 PAT 43-1 PAT 40-2 PAT 24-3 PAT PAT PAT 25-3 PAT 25-2A P1A PAT PAT 40-7 PAT 40-4A PAT 40-6 PAT 40-3A PAT 40-1A PAT 26-2A PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT PAT 39-2A PAT 26-1A PAT 26-3AL PAT 26-3AS PAT 26-4A PAT 26-7A PAT 38-3A PAT 38-1A PAT 39-3A PAT PAT 27-2A PAT 27-1A PAT 27-3A PAT 27-5A PAT 28-1A PAT 28-2A P1B PAT 28-4 PAT 28-5A PAT 27-6A PAT 27-7A PAT 27-8A 27-8B PAT 29-2 PAT 28-3A PAT 28-6A PAT 34-5 PAT 34-6A PAT 34-7A PAT 35-1 PAT 35-2A PAT 36-A PAT PAT 49-8 PAT 49-6A PAT 49-4A PAT 55-1A PAT PAT PAT 20-8 PAT 49-3A PAT 20-6 PAT 24-4 PAT 24-8 PAT 25-4 PAT 40-8 PAT 49-5A PAT 20-5 PAT 49-2A PAT 55-2A PAT 18-2M PAT 20-4 PAT 18-7A PAT PAT 18-4A A PAT 18-4M PAT 18-6M PAT 18-7M PAT 28-7B 28-7APAT PAT 28-8B PAT 28-8A PAT 34-8B 34-8A PAT PAT 35-3A PAT 35-4A 35-4BL PAT 35-4BS PAT PAT 30-2A PAT 30-2B PAT 30-11A PAT PAT 32-4A 32-4BPAT 32-9A PAT PAT 36-D4B PAT 36-B2A PAT 36-C3A PAT D4A PAT 37-2A PAT 37-3A PAT 55-3AL PAT 55-3AS PAT 55-4A PAT 58-1A PAT 58-2A PAT 18-8 PAT 27-4 PAT 33-1AS PAT 37-11A 37-11B PAT 33-1AL 33-1B PAT 59-1A PAT PAT 16-2 PAT 29-1 PAT 32-3A 32-3B PAT 33-2A PAT 33-2 PAT 62-1A 62-1B PAT 62-3A PAT 59-2A PAT 59-3A PAT PAT 16-4 PAT 16-6 PAT 29-3 PAT 29-4 PAT 29-5 PAT 29-6 PAT 32-5AS 32-5AL PAT 33-5A 33-5B PAT 30-8 PAT 32-24AL PAT 32-24AS PAT 33-7A PAT 33-7B PAT 33-3B 33-3A PAT PAT 62-8 PAT 1 PAT 16 PAT 2 PAT 29-8 PAT PAT PAT 33-9 PAT PAT 32- PAT

29 Summary CO2 flooding has presented SACROC s operators with engineering challenges since 1972 Focused CO2 flood development projects, injecting large pore volumes of CO2 of % of the HCPV, have resulted in significant incremental EOR Mitigating heterogeneity issues through the innovative application of polymer, cementing, and horizontal well technologies has been critical to CO2 flood performance success Continued CO2 flood development of the lower permeability bypassed pay and reservoir around the edges, along with focused vertical/horizontal infill drilling applications within existing flood areas, will challenge SACROC engineers & geoscientists for many years to come Big fields keep getting bigger! 29