This presentation is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under DE FC26 05NT42590 and was

Transcription

1 Experimental Monitoring at SECARB s Citronelle Field Site (Coming soon to a CO 2 EOR project near you!) Prepared For: Surveillance and Monitoring of CO 2 Injection Projects Short Course Prepared By: George J. Koperna Jr. ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC. December 11, 2013

2 Acknowledgement This presentation is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under DE FC26 05NT42590 and was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, orprocess disclosed, d orrepresents thatt its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. 2 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

3 Storage Overview Project Schedule and Milestones The CO 2 capture unit at Alabama Power s (Southern Co.) Plant Barry became operational in 3Q A newly built (4 ) 12 mile CO 2 pipeline from Plant Barry to the Citronelle Dome completed in 4Q A characterization well was drilled in 1Q 2011 to confirm geology. Injection wells were drilled in 3Q k 300k metric tons of CO 2 will be injected into a saline formation began 3Q years of post-injection monitoring. 3 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

4 Injection/Storage Site Geology Proven four way closure at Citronelle Dome Injection site located within Citronelle oilfield where existing well logs are available Deep injection interval (9,400 ft) f) Numerous confining units Base of USDWs ~1,400 feet Existing wells cemented through primary confining unit No evidence of faulting or fracturing, based on oilfield experience, new geologic mapping and reinterpretation of existing 2D seismic lines. 4 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

5 Injection/Storage Site Geology The Paluxy is a complex, multi layered, layered, fluvial sandstone deposit 5 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

6 Barry Carbon Capture Project Overview 6 CO2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

7 CO 2 Stream Composition 7 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP CO2 Stream composition data (%) CO2 O2 N2 Total Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug average

8 Project Objectives 1. Support the United States largest commercial prototype CO 2 capture and transportation demonstration with injection, monitoring and storage activities; 2. Test the CO 2 flow, trapping and storage mechanisms of the Paluxy Formation, a regionally extensive Gulf Coast saline formation; 3. Demonstrate how a saline reservoir s architecture can be used to maximize CO 2 storage and minimize the areal extent of the CO 2 plume; 4. Test the adaptation of commercially available oil field tools and techniques for monitoring CO 2 storage (e.g., VSP, cross well seismic, cased hole neutron logs, tracers, pressure, etc.); 5. Test experimental CO 2 monitoring activities, where such technologies hold promise for future commercialization; 6. Begin to understand the coordination required to successfully integrate all four components (capture, transport, injection and monitoring) of the project; and 7. Document the permitting process for all aspects of a CCS project. 8 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

9 Wells and Injection Facilities 9 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

10 Pressure & Injection Rate Response D 9 8 #2 D 4 14 In Zone CO 2 Injection D 4 13 Above Confinement 10 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

11 Spinner Surveys Sand Sand Unit Properties (ft) Nov 2012 Aug 2013 Oct 2013 Unit Bottom Top Thickness Flow % Flow % Flow % J 9,454 9, I 9,474 9, H 9,524 9, G 9,546 9, F 9,580 9, E 9,622 9, D 9,629 9, C , , B 9,744 9, A 9,800 9, CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

12 Down Select from Cranfield & Frio Experience Motivation: Storage sites will use dedicated monitoring wells. Maximize efficient use of available boreholes for semi permanent monitoring Measurements of Interest: Pressure* Temperature Fluid Sampling* Wireline logs Geophyiscal Monitoring Seismic: active source Vertical Seismic Profile, Walk away, Experimental MBM fiber optic * Requires perforations and packer for zonal isolation when deployed inside casing 12 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

13 MBM Design: Flat Pack & Geophone 13 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

14 Deployment of MBM Tubing Deployment Allows for Wireline Access: 4 element flatpack 18 level Geophone cable (15, 1D and 3, 3D) Hydraulic clamps for Geophones Clamp in tubing/casing annulus Dualmandrel hydraulic packer Non rotating overshot connection for coupling to 450 bottom assembly Avoids splices at packer 14 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

15 Deployment of MBM (Cont d) RUN-IN DATA Bundling 7 control lines in a polypropylene-jacketed flatpack Non-rotating off-center overshot to couple the uphole, dual-mandrel hydroset packer assembly Packer landed at ~9,400 feet (2,865 m) Completion depth was 9,850 feet (3,002 m) Required four 24 hour-a-day operations to install. Packer 15 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

16 Relative Costs ($1,000s) Engineering Design $250* Hardware $500* Deployment $600 Consulting and Labor (E) $ 75 Total $1,425 *funded by the CO2 Capture Project and performed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 16 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

17 D 9 8#2 Downhole SRO Gauge Data 17 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

18 Processed shots at seven locations for the three time lapse surveys Subtle changes are observed within injection area at some locations 2012/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /08 D11 1 D9 6 D9 3 D4 15 D9 1 D9 9 D9 10 Consistency from vintage to vintage suggest seismic time lapse processing has potential for repeatability and mapping The presence of noise and changes in acquisition conditions may prevent fully delineating changes due to injection INJECTION AREA Top Perforation Depth (blue) Bottom Perforation Depth (red) 12/4/ CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP Shots to the west have larger potential to map changes at injection zone due to their location wrt injector

19 Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) DAS allows seismic monitoring with fiber optic Sensitivity less than standard geophone, but Spatial sampling and ease of deployment much greater 19 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

20 Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) VSP data piggy back on standard acquisition Initial data quality insufficient greater source effort needed Benefit: 3,000 sensors versus CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

21 Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) 21 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

22 U tube & Other Methodologies A. Gas Lift Samples had the highest ph indicating possible loss of dissolved gas Sampling method should be limited to major and unreactive solutes B. Pumping Relatively high Fe concentrations compared to other methods, showing evidence of contamination or geochemical changes in samples Sampling method should be limited to major and unreactive solutes C. Kuster Sampler: Field measurements of initial ph had the lowest value Geochemical data consistent in repeated sampling D. U tube: In general, sample results are comparable to the Kuster method 22 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

23 $core Card Continuous SRO Pressure and Temperature Provides reliable and ongoing injection performance data Eliminates MRO gauge runs ($10K) Permanent Geophone Installation Provides opportunity for time lapse seismic Eliminates need to deploy geophone strings ($150K) Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Provides opportunity for seismic across wellbore Eliminates i need for geophone deployment t($150k) Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Provides temperature profile across wellbore Eliminates need for temperature surveys ($10K) In situ Fluid Sampling Provides access to reservoir fluid sampling as needed ($12K) Recouped >$500K and counting 23 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

24 Contact Office Locations Washington, DC 4501 Fairfax Drive, Suite 910 Arlington, VA Phone: (703) Fax: (703) Houston, TX Wickchester Ln., Suite 200 Houston, TX Phone: (281) Fax: (281) Knoxville, TN 111 N. Central Street, Suite 7 Knoxville, TN Phone: (865) Fax: (865) Cincinnati, OH 1282 Secretariat Court Batavia, OH Phone: (513) scarpenter@adv res.com 24 CO 2 Flooding Short Course SP121113