Smart Grids: A Powerful Enabling Technology

Transcription

1 Smart Grids: A Powerful Enabling Technology SmartGrid Forum November 30 th 2009 Darren Bilsborough, Director of Sustainability A-P Adjunct Professor of Sustainability, Curtin University

2 Advantages of Smart Grids Enables consumers to actively participate in energy efficiency activity (availability of more information) Improve reliability and efficiency of grid operations Greater control over peak load through Demand Management and therefore cost efficiencies for infrastructure Resilient to attack or failure of single source generation Accommodate all generation and storage options Enable higher penetration of intermittent power generation sources Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions

3 If you re looking for a big opportunity look for a big problem ANON

4 Global Warming the last 1,000 years

5 Climate Code Red Hansen safe level of CO 2 in atmosphere is ppm. Already at 386ppm CO 2 rose 30ppm in the last 17 years. Previous fastest took 1,000 years Last time global temp was 3 o C above today in the Pliocene, sea levels were 25m higher Past records show sea levels have risen up to 20m in 400 years, ie 1m every 20 years on average Philip Sutton and David Spratt info/climatecodered/5keys.html

6 Another Big Problem: Peak Oil Energy Watch Group forecasts oil production will fall 50% by 2030, to be only 1/3 rd of world demand Source: Energywatch (2007)

7 Des$ny of all life lies within technology

8 Where do Australian emissions come from? Gases escaping (during mining, from pipes) 6% 3% 2% Garbage tips Industrial processes Transport (vehicles) 14% 17% Agriculture (mostly ex-animals) 48% 10% Land use change and forestry (clearing, etc) Stationary energy (power plants, etc) AGO, figures for 1999

9 Where do Australian emissions come from? Transport (vehicles) 62% of all emissions from Transport and Energy Stationary energy (power plants, etc) AGO, figures for 1999

10 Transport Emissions: Mitigation Strategies Rail and Public Transport Bicycling etc Infrastructure Priorities and Configurations to Support the Various Modal Options Green cars

11 Vehicle Options: Peak Oil and Mitigating GHG s Alternate Fuels electric cars electric-assist bike electric motor-scooter electric gopher

12 Climate Change and the Energy Sector

13 Current Energy Mix - National

14 Mitigation Strategies - Energy CO 2 Capture and Storage Nuclear Fission 14 BtC/y Energy Efficiency and Conservation Biosequestration Forests & Soils Stabilization Triangle BtC/y Fuel Switching Renewable Electricity and Distributed Energy

15 A Possible Future Scenario The Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change

16 South Australia Electricity Supply Overview A Possible Future? Technology Coal to Liquids Geothermal Wind Wave Solar Feasibility Studies Demonstration Construction Pilot Solar: The timeline combines both solar thermal and solar photovoltaic technologies. A project is currently underway in Whyalla which aims to produce 0.5MW by Commercially Available Grid connection Coal to Liquids: Considered an emergent technology. The timeline combines multiple sources of the Coal to Liquids technology. Although some are currently available, most sources are in the study and demonstration phases throughout Some construction work will be required prior to grid connection being realised with expected completion around Grid connection is shown to commence as of Data based on Green Grid Initiative flyer and Justyn Peters presentation. Geothermal: Grid connection is shown to commence in 2018 based on Section 2.3 of MMA memo regarding AGEA report; construction time frame is shown between to allow for the establishment of required infrastructure (however the timing of this requires review as it would need to assume that the construction commences prior to completion of the demonstration phase construction of a major transmission line requires 5 years minimum, the construction period represented is only two-years). Wave: The NIEIR Future Prospects for Renewable Energy in SA Report indicates that this technology is unlikely to become a significant renewable energy source until post 2020.

17 Forecasted Demand in SA

18 Renewable and Emergent Technologies

19 More Renewables? Infrastructure Australia

20 Infrastructure Australia

21 Scenario Discussion Green Green Green

22 Smart Grids: An Alternative Renewables Enabler

23 Electric Vehicles: More than Just a Transport Solution for Lower GHG s Chevy Volt PHEV 40mi Toyota FT-EV 50mi Mitsubishi MiEV 120mi Mercedes BlueZERO EV 120mi Mini EV 150mi Ford Focus EV 100mi

24 Smart Grids: An Alternative Renewables Enabler Less need for a National Grid (though still desirable) if capacity can be utilised in the local geography Connectors can become smaller not larger with the introduction of embedded storage Base load considerations and calculations change when a multi-storey carpark can be considered as base load generation

25 EVs, Distributed Energy and Smart Grids Courtesy of EPRI

26 EV s and The Grid Enabling Renewables Grid mix without EVs Grid mix with EVs Short & Denholm (2006) A Preliminary Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Wind Energy Markets Doubling of installed wind capacity

27 The Biggest Problem? Energy Security

28 National Energy Security Policy The fundamental purpose of the Government s periodic national security statements is to set out whole-of government national security priorities. In this, the Government s inaugural National Security Statement, as noted through my preceding comments, our new priorities include:.and; incorporating the implications of climate change and energy security into the formal national security decision making framework. The First National Security Statement to the Parliament Address by the Prime Minister of Australia The Hon. Kevin Rudd MP 04 December 2008

29 Energy White Paper The development of a White Paper on energy issues was agreed to by the Government in September This will be a key priority for the Energy and Resources portfolio. In developing the White Paper, the Government intends to ensure the provision of clean, adequate, reliable and affordable energy supplies to meet an expected 44 per cent increase in Australia's energy consumption needs by This will be integral to Australia's economic prosperity and to ensure Australia reduces its fossil fuel related greenhouse gas emissions. The Government is expected to announce the scope of the White Paper and the process for its development in the near future

30 Conclusions Smart Grids Enabling Many different renewable generation technologies (not about picking winners) to facilitate reduction in stationary energy GHG emissions An efficient and cost effective electricity generation system (capacity matching load) A possible solution to renewables effectiveness for base load generation. An incentive for wholesale adoption of electric vehicles to counter transport emissions and peak oil concerns A positive step towards energy independence and security

31 Smart Grids: A Powerful Enabling Technology Discussion Q&A