2. A. Do you know where your DER office is located? (180 respondents ) YES 98 (55%) NO 82 (45% ) If yes, where?

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2 2. A. Do you know where your DER office is located? (180 respondents ) YES 98 (55%) NO 82 (45% ) B. If yes, where? gave location 62% of yes 63% of total (180) 34% 3. What type of management system are you using? (177 respondents ) % confinement with free stalls 7 ( 4%) 2. Free stalls with access to pasture or lots 17 ( 9.6%) 3. Feed barns with access to pasture or lots 104 (58.8%) 4. Pasture combination with high intensity area 44 (24.9%) 5. Pasture 51 (28.8%) 6. Used single management system 138 (78%) 7. Used multiple systems 39 (22%) 4. A. If freestalls are being used, what type of bedding is used? (18 repondents ) sand 12 (66%) screened manure solid 2 (11.1%) recycled paper 5 (27.8%) rubber mats 2 (11%) mattresses 5 (27.8%) other 2 (11%) used single source 9 (50%) used multiple sources 9 (50% ) B. If housing and/or concrete feed area or flat barn are being used, what type o f cleaning system is used? (145 respondents) hosing 51 (35.2%) scraping 71 (49%) flushing 63 (43.5%) scraping & flushing 17 (11.7%) other 3 (2.1%) used single method 90 (62%) multiple methods 55 (37.9%) C. If flushing or hosing are used, how many times/day is the barn cleaned? (13 1 respondents ) once 61 (46.2%) twice 40 (30.3%) 3X 10( 7.6%) 4X 21 (15.9%) D. What type of waste handling system is used? (175 respondents ) 100

3 lined storage basin and irrigation 22 (12.6%) lined lagoon and irrigation 41 (23.4%) unlined lagoon and irrigation 71 (40.6%) slurry and tank wagon.11 ( 6.7%) manure spreader 52 (29.7%) used single system 103 (59%) used multiple systems 72 (41%1 E. If you flush, what method is used to seperate the solids? (105 respondents) mechanical screen 6 ( 5.7%) manure settling basin 29 (27.6%) sand trap 44 (41.9%) other 3 ( 2.9%) none 37 (35.2%) F. Is waste water applied to land/crops? (161 respondents ) YES 95 (59%) NO 66 (41%) If yes, what methods is used to apply waste H2O? 1. Center pivot 25 (26.3%) 2. Traveling gun 40 (42.1%) 3. Tank wagon and truck 9 ( 9.5%) 4. Other 30 (31.0%) G. If you scrape or seperate solids, is the majority : (105 responses) hauled off the farm 31 (29.5%) spread on land 80 (76.2%) both 6 ( 5.7%) 5. A. How close to a city/town is your farm located? (171 respondents ) average range in miles 7.3 1/4-25 B. How close is your nearest neighbor? (165 respondents ) average range in feet ,400

4 C. Have you had any odor complaints? (175 respondents) YES 22 (12.6%) NO 153 (87.4%) D. If yes, what part of your operation do you believe to be the cause? (22 respondents) Barn 3 (13.6%) Lagoon/ponds 5 (22.7%) Solid seperator 0 ( 0.0%) Sprayed and irrigated liquids from lagoon 9 (40.9%) Solids spread on the land 10 (45.5%) Multiple answers (5 respondents) E. Has any local or state governmental agency approached you about the odo r problem? (137 respondents) YES 12 (8.8%) NO 125 (91.2%) F. If yes, which agency? DER 5 HRS 1 ASC S County agent 1 Local air polution control 3 County Dept. of environmental health 1 1 G. What time of year was the problem observed? (12 respondents ) Spring 5 (41.7%) Summer 8 (66.7%) Fall 6 (50% ) Multiple season problem 5 (42%) 6. A. Do you use any management practices to deal with the odors produced on your farm? (161 respondents) YES 52 (32.3%) NO 109 (67.7%) B. Ifyes, what are you using? (52 respondents ) chemicals 2 ( 3.9%) aeration 11 (21.1%) other 39 (75%) 102

5 C. Is it working? (53 respondents) YES 31 (58.5%) NO 8 (15.1%) HOPEFUL 18 (34%) D. Have any sales people or extension agents approached you to help solve your odor problem? (158 respondents) YES 17 (10.8%) NO 141 (89.2%) 7. A. How much money for a one time investment would you invest to solve you r problem? (110 respondents) less than $1, (57.3%) $1,000-10, (32.7%) $10,000-50,000 9 ( 8.2%) greater than $50,000 2 ( 1.8%) B. How much money a month would you spend for chemicals, electricity, etc.? (107 respondents) less than $ (58.9%) $ (23.4%) $500-1, ( 9.3%) greater than $1,000 9 ( 8.4%) 8. In which areas sould we be conducting our research efforts on odor control? (14 3 respondents; multiple answers given) chemicals 25 (17.5%) structures.13 ( 9.1%) feed additives 44 (30.8%) enzymes 35 (24.5%) bacteria 54 (37.8%) disinfectants 17 ( 9.8%) perfumes 8 ( 5.6%) mechanical methods 36 (25.1%) other 31 (21.7%) Environmental Stress Researc h We concentrated again on trying to cool cows using less water. We tried a variety of low pressure nozzles and a high pressure system. Low Pressure Sprinkler Systems with Fan s Figures 1 & 2 are two typical summer days in Florida. In Figure 1 we can see that the dry bulb temperature at midnight (hour 0) was 85 F. About 1 :00 p.m. we had, a thunderstorm and by

6 5 :00 p.m. it was over 100 F black globe temperature. In Figure 2 we have a cooler temperature at midnight, a hot day without a thunderstorm. We need to keep in mind these temperature variations when we review the data from the different cooling methods. The cow temperature data will vary like the outside temperature. #5 vs. #7 Nozzle s The #5 Benninger nozzle is rated at 0.5 gal/min at 10 psi. The #7 nozzle is rated at 1.05 gpm at 10 psi. In figure 3 & 4 neither nozzle could keep the cows cool. Low water cycle tim e (30 seconds) on very hot days can't cool the cows because not enough water gets on the cows. Because no check valves are installed, some of the water drains out the pipe and part of the wate r goes just to refill the pipe. 104

7 1 Op , PM THE el PM MIDNIGHT Other low volume sprinklers with check valves were tried (see Figures 5 & 6). They are not sold in this area, so they won't be named, but they could not cool cows even though the chec k valves kept the pipe from draining. NORTH 810E SOUTH 81 DE NOON 3PM 6P M 9PM MIDNIGHT TIM E 106 EOLITH SIDE 10' NORTH BIDE 108 w. ice TIME Low Pressure Sprinklers #5 Nozzle vs. High Pressure Fog Syste m The higher pressure fog system does not wet the cow or the floor, it cools in the air. We varied the pressures. All were satisfactory. In figure 7 the fog system out-performed the low 105

8 pressure nozzle. 100 PSI NOZZLE 5 r' g / -'-'\ \k FOG V ID, TIME In Figure 8 both did an adequate job of cooling the cows. 104, 1140 PSI NOZZLE M5 -+- FOG 102-.~ r~`'yff :t ~ ~,Y TIME Water Usage and Cooling Ability of Sprinklers vs. Ring Foggers Senninger #5 sprinkler vs. R&C 6 nozzle ring fogger (100, 140, 160 psi). Fans: 36" box fans; 12,000 cfm - same fans for each treatment. Barn: same; the 48 cow Freestall barn. Cow temperatures: same for both treatments ; all in the thermoneutral zone. Water Usage Nozzle Gallons/Cow/Hour Senninger #5 1.6 R&C 6 nozzle ring (100 psi) 1.5 R&C 6 nozzle ring (160 psi) 2 While the results of the fog systems are good, if water usage or disposal is not a major problem, the low pressure sprinkler high volume system (30-50 gal/cow/day) is still the easiest 106

9 method. We know they cool the cows. They don't clog up or need filters. Caution : The high pressure fog system can be used only in a tall (12' plus) open sided and ridge vented barns. Foggers need to be shut off at sundown to prevent internal rain storms an d premature rusting or rotting. We still need to do much research on these fog systems as far as their effectiveness in hig h open barns. Night Cooling We have found every year that cows heat up at night when they are outside or not coole d in a barn. In Figure 9 we have the body temperature of cows who are outside and cows insid e which were fanned and sprinkled during the night. We need to run the fans at least at night, an d we plan to do more research on night cooling. Summary 1. We can cool cows with less water 2. Fog systems work in our small barn 3 Cows still get hot at night 4. More research is needed Products named are for reference only and are not endoresed or recommended by th e University of Florida. High Pressure Fog System Vendors: Circle B Agriculture Products (Gene Berbaum ) 2540 Foothill Drive Vista, CA Phone : (619) or (800) FAX : (619) This is the system at the Mastock Dairy in GA. 36" flexible spray ring, about $36.00 R&C Sales & Manuf. Inc. (Bob Atkins) 3555 Agriculture Center Drive St. Augustine, FL FAX: (904) Korral Kool, Inc. 564 East Juanita, Unit #6 Mesa, AZ (602) FAX: (602)