Chemical Industrial Disaster Management Secondary to Natural Disasters

Transcription

1 Chemical Industrial Disaster Management Secondary to Natural Disasters Kunal Sharma Consultant-Chemical, Industrial & Hazardous Material Transportation Disaster Preparedness National Disaster Management Authority Government of India NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS COLLISION NaTechs Natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, forest fires, landslides, avalanches, extreme temperatures and tornadoes andcyclones can affect industrial facilities and result in accident sequences that can have serious consequences for people, property and the environment in the surrounding area. Such natural and technological accidents are known as NaTechs. 1

2 NaTech risk studies To better understand the consequences of these phenomena on industrial facilities and To be able to anticipate them now that forecasting technology (rainfall, flooding, storms, etc.) makes it possible to prepare for natural hazards with minimum advance notice. Temperature Change & Industry Photo taken during the extended spell of extremely cold weather that hit France in February 2012 (Source: Arkema) Extreme temperatures can cause industrial accidents: see ARIA 41856,for example. 2

3 Distinguishing feature Of NaTechs NaTechs can hit several hazardous facilities on the same site at once and, because they can damage or render ineffective some of the preventive and protective barriers, throw the site into a major emergency. 3

4 Tsunami Average Speed & Height Tsunami & Thermal Power Plant Plants that suffered the least tsunami. damage resumed operations in rather a short time(2 4 months) was due to their design. The steam turbines in each unit are located on the first floor, 12 m above ground level (which itself is 3 6 m above sea level). Damagefrom the earthquake was caused primarily by liquefaction of the soil beneath the outdoor facilities. Buildings themselves were reinforced against earthquakes. 4 million people were left without electricity on March 11th and 12th, and 10 million homes in the Kantōregion. 4

5 Impact of Tsunami & Earthquake on Industries in Japan Company Damaged thermal power plants and capacities Main damage caused by the earthquake Main damage caused by the tsunami Date of resumption of operations Amount of damage (2011) Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) Hironofuel oil/crude/ coal plant (3.8 GW) minor transformer station and coal terminal, ground floor of turbine building and wastewater treatment plant one 0.6 GW coal fired unit in June 2011; fueloil-fired units in July bn ( 500 m) in damage to the thermal power stations Hitachinaka coal plant (1 GW) Kashima fuel oil / crude plant (4.4 GW) Higashi-Ogishima natural-gas-fired plant (1 GW) coal conveyor outdoor units and storage tanks gas leak coal terminal roads and jetties none (built on high ground) one 1 GW unit in May 2011 five units in April 2011 and one in May one unit in March

6 Haramachi Plant 6

7 Impact of primary disaster on Chemicals and Petrochemicals in Japan Most chemical sites reported little or no impact from the tsunami, the equipment at these sites was damaged in the earthquake. The rationing of electricity made continuous production impossible. Problems with transportingraw materialsand finished products also significantly delayedthe resumption of operations. The disaster revealed the strong dependence of Japan s high-tech industries on commodity chemicals and the vulnerability of its supply chains to major earthquakes. Company Number and location of affected sites Main damage caused by the earthquake Main damage caused by the tsunami Date of resumption of operations Amount of damage (2011) JX NIPPON OIL ADEKA Group benzene and propylene unit in Sendai benzene unit in Kashima catalytic cracking unit ground and road subsidence pipes, port infrastructure, downed utilities (water, electricity) Soma Plant Minor Electrical Equipment Kashima plant ground and road subsidence pipes, port infrastructure, downed utilities (water, electricity) March 2012 June 2011 July 2011 late April bn ( 500 m) 20bn ( 200m) 20bn ( 200m) Including production loss 7

8 COSMO OIL REFINERY PORT OF CHIBA 8

9 Damage Assessment & Lessons Learnt COSMO OIL REFINERY PORT OF CHIBA 9

10 COSMO OIL REFINERY PORT OF CHIBA Pollution as a result of disaster Pollution events directly related to industrial activities Hazardous or polluting substances that leaked out of storage tanks & pipes breached by the earthquake or tsunami Pollution events indirectly related to former industrial activities Accumulation of industrial pollutants (heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants) may have leached from coastal marine sediments deposited by the tsunami Pollution events caused by the tsunami and debris carried by tsunami Wrecked vehicles and boats leaked out hydrocarbons, causing scores of micropollution events. Pollution events caused by waste disposal Incineration of seawater soaked debris without any preliminary treatment creates health hazards (release of dioxin filled smoke) and the risk of corrosion of facilities due to the formation of hydrochloric acid 10

11 Pollution as a new face of disaster Industrial sites that spilled hydrocarbons into the environment on March 11th,

12 LESSONS REGARDING NATECH RISKS IN GENERAL 1. UNAVAILABILITY OF FIREFIGHTING AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMS 2. PLACEMENT IN A SAFE STATE AND PREVENTION MANAGEMENT 3. LIMITATIONS OF RISK MODELLING LESSONS REGARDING SEISMIC RISKS 1. INJURIES FROM FALLING LIGHT OBJECTS 2. DAMAGE FROM AFTERSHOCKS 3. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FIRE HAZARDS 4. VULNERABILITY OF PIPEWORK 5. DOMINO EFFECTS OF FALLING EQUIPMENT 6. EFFICIENCY OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF PREVENTION 12

13 LESSONS REGARDING FLOOD RISKS 1. DAMAGE FROM FLOATING DEBRIS 2. FIRES IGNITED BY INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DEBRIS 3. ACCESS BY AND AVAILABILITY OF EXTERNAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS 4. DAMAGE TO GROUND-FLOOR AND FIRST-FLOOR EQUIPMENT 5. FAILED OR OVERLOADED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 6. ALERT MANAGEMENT 7. LAND-USE PLANNING 8. CHOICE OF PROTECTIVE BARRIERS 9. LIMITATIONS OF EMERGENCY-PREPAREDNESS MEASURES 10. MEMORY AND RISK PERCEPTION Thank You Jai Hind