Overview on Grimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ

Transcription

1 Overview on Grimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ Part 1 Motivation (dust, health, regulations, ) Principle function (optical light scattering) Models and specifications Part 2 Applications Occupational Health/Research 1

2 Motivation: what s dust? The Hazard potential of airborne aerosols is not alone given by the total mass of the dust. A further danger proceeds from the size distribution of airborne particles. Therefore a system should be able to measure both mass and size (with high accuracy and time resolution)! road salt (4µm) antropogenic PM10 Filter Lienz, Day-mean PM10: 57µg/m³ soot (0.1-1µm) raod traffic glas spheres (1.5-3µm) domestic combustion mineral dust (3-10µm) wind erosion bacteria (app. 1.5µm) natural, wind erosion 2

3 Motivation: Effect on human health, Deposition of dust in the human lung Inhaled dust Inhalable Fraction Fraction passing the larynx and getting into the thorax Thoracic Fraction The fine particles, entering the more than 300 Mio. alveolic bubbles Alveolic Fraction 3

4 Motivation: legal situation, outdoor and indoor (workplace, IAQ) PM10 [µg/m³] µg/m³ 0 7 background guideline 1999/30/EG since limit value for PM10 (year): 40µg/m³ PM10 (day): 50µg/m³ (50µg/m³ allowed only for 35 days/year!) guideline for workplaces e.g. EN 481 limit values (MAK, PEL, OEL,...) mostly for 8h working time Indoor (IAQ) no limit values but recomended values only rural city highway garage flat pub Quelle: Fellner-et-al, Endbericht, Chemische Charakterisierung von PM10 in Graz 4

5 Regulations: mass fractions PM x for environment (outdoor) percentage of total airborne particles [%] PM2.5 PM aerodynamic particle diameter [µm] 5

6 Regulations: mass fractions EN 481 for workplaces (indoor) percentage of total airborne particles [%] alveolic thoracic inhalable aerodynamic particle diameter [µm] 6

7 Regulations: mass fractions indoor and outdoor percentage of total airborne particles [%] PM2.5 PM10 alveolic thoracic inhalable aerodynamic particle diameter [µm] 7

8 Workplace: limit values The most important standards and rules for the workplaces are: EN 481 (inhalable, thoracic and respirable fraction) ISO 7708 (like EN 481) TRGS 900 (Technical Rules of Dangerous Materials) OSHA Standard No (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) DIN ISO

9 Workplace: example TRGS material CAS No. ppm limit values mg/m³ gaseous E = inhalable A = respirable CAS-Nr. = Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number 9

10 Workplace: limit values The limit values are set up and published through: CEN (Europen Committee for Standardization) DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) BGIA (Occupational Institute for Industrial Safety) NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) OSHA (Occupational Safety + Health Administration) 10

11 Applications: Grimm Aerosol Technik Indoor Air Monitor Instruments For all applications where particle number concentration or particle mass (according to EN 481, mass distribution or indoor vs. outdoor) is needed, with high time and size resolution and for battery powered portable use! This is the GRIMM Indoor Air Monitoring product line! 11

12 Principle: single particle light scattering, Grimm spectrometer principle 12

13 Principles of particle detection: Dual! high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter aerosol focusing for gravimetric validation of particle mass Dual technology in one device! Grimm patent! in real time for particle number concentration and size distribution 13

14 Principles of particle detection: Dual! high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter particle number concentration and size distribution with high time resolution and size resolution filter chamber, open with 47 mm PTFE filter 14

15 Mass size distributions and size fractions (Wilson and Suh, 1996) PM1 PM2.5 PM10 TSP Hi-vol TSP WRAC DIFFUSION SEDIMENTATION Particle Size in (µm) GRIMM AEROSOL SPECTROMETER RANGE 31 channels 15

16 specification: Grimm spectrometer with 31 size channels and integrated PFTE-filter Specifications #1.109 Particle counting up to P/l Dust range [µg/m³] 0.1 > Size Range [µm] 0.25 >32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts 32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/ 0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/ 7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µm Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlled Power supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or VAC Weight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm Data output Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels via Windows or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels software Particle mass fractions in µg/m³, simultaneously according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and environmental (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1 ) 16

17 specification: Sky-OPC with critical orifice, independent of ambient pressure Specifications #1.129 Particle counting up to P/l Dust range [µg/m³] 0.1 > Size Range [µm] 0.25 >32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts 32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/ 0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/ 7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µm Power supply 12 VDC external, only Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min constant, with critical orifice Weight/Dimensions kg / 25.5 x 18.2 x 7.2 cm Data output Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels via Windows or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels. software No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and environmental (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1 ) 17

18 specification: Bioaerosol spec. with particle sampling on glass slide (+ microscope) Specifications #1.109 Particle counting up to P/l Dust range [µg/m³] 0.1 > Size Range [µm] 0.25 >32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts 32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/ 0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/ 7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µm Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlled Power supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or VAC Weight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm Data output Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels via Windows or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels. software No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and environmental (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1 ) 18

19 specification: Nano attachment for 1.108/1.109 measures Nano counts and mean diameter Specifications #1.320 Size Range nm Size channels 1 accumulative Particle counting >500 P/ccm Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, via 1.10X volume controlled Power supply battery 12VDC (16h) or VAC Weight/Dimensions 1.4 kg / 12 x 7 x 7 cm Data output via Windows software Mean particle concentration in particles/ccm, for whole size range and mean particle diameter in nm. Portable, no butanol, no radioaktive source! 19

20 Applications: IAQ and Occupational model and Occupational workplace monitoring EN 481 monitoring and PTFE-filter analysis for heavy metal Nano Counter attachment for Indoor application, model 1320 IAQ (indoor air quality) monitoring laser printer emissions, IAQ mass fractions and counts ventilation efficiency control at workplaces IAQ-research passive smoking, comparison indoor and outdoor (PM, EN 481) emissions of laser printers, with high time resolution Industrial process control isokinetic in stack sampling droplet measurements, size distribution stationary and mobile monitoring of dust with alarm unit 20

21 Applications: Filter testing, ventilation control, Wide Range continuing model and Atmospheric research measurements with airplanes, battery powered high time resolution vertical profiling of urban aerosols WRAS Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer emission control and ambient air monitoring model Sky-OPC, Bioaerosol Spec. Atmospheric research Bioaerosol research and monitoring model 7.300, 7.309, an Filter-testing, ventilation control filter test systems, filter test rig online ventilation control 21

22 Measurement Results Measured along the highway from Graz to Linz in Austria. Austria is a mountainous country in central Europe and thus many highways often pass through many mountain tunnels A car (TDS BMW) ran in front of our car. Gleinalmtunnel (8.3km) Spectrometer Speringtunnel 2.8km and Klausertunnel 2.1km Bolsrucktunnel (5.5km) When we passed by some heavy duty trucks (LKW), the instrument showed several subpeaks. 10th China Aerosol Conference Changchun, July 26-Aug. 1, /20

23 Applications: Occupational work- place monitoring + PTFE filter for chemistry Work place monitoring in production area, Ecoanalytic, Switzerland, in indoor fibreglass protection housing, model 164, with sensor for temperature and relative humidity. PTFE filter used for chemical analysis of heavy metal. 23

24 Applications: Occupational work- place monitoring Nano attachment Grimm Aerosol Technik, or with Nano attachment model 1320 for workplace monitoring of ultra fine particles and dust mass fractions (or counts), with one portable system. 24

25 Nanoparticle Exposure during Soldering number concentration mean diameter soldering combustion and decay number concentration [#/cm 3 ] background mean diameter [nm] :00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 time 25

26 Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality monitoring of laser printer emissions online IAQ monitoring for fast results in offices. Emissions of laser printers (IAQ mass fractions and counts in 15 channels). IAQ mass fractions counts (15 channels) IAQ measurement in office, Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Magdeburg, Germany,

27 Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality, ventilation control with sampling inlet and sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity model Control of ventilation system at workplaces. particle number concentration [litre -1 ] >0,3µm >0,5µm >1µm >5µm IAQ measurement in production area, TECAN, Austria :04 15:09 15:14 15:19 15:24 15:29 15:34 15:39 time 27

28 Applications: IAQ-research Indoor Air Quality, PM values in Pubs Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg, Lungenabteilung, 2006 Online measurement outdoor and indoor with and sampling inlet model acc. to European guideline EN 481, measuring simultaneously inhalable, thoracic and alveolic mass fraction (or PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 for relative comparisons). 28

29 Applications: IAQ-research PM in offices, Scientific research Printing! Measuring particle emission from copy machines and laser printers in offices online with high time resolution with University of Gießen, Germany,

30 Applications: Industrial process control, isokinetic in stack sampling Model sampling probe for isokinetic in stack sampling with four changeable inlets for air speeds up to 25m/s and air recirculation with pipe in pipe technology to measure without exerting pressure! 30

31 Applications: Industrial process control for solid particles AND liquid droplets LUMI Michelbach, Germany and Grimm Aerosol Technik, dn/dlog(dp), [ccm-1] , with model for isokinetic sampling and model sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity. Measuring of particle size distribution of droplets under various operation conditions. air in air out - OK wet air out - simulation of male function 0,01 0,001 0, Optical Latex-Equivalent diametr Dp, [µm] 31

32 Applications: Industrial process control, stationary and mobile with alarm unit with acoustical and visual alarm unit (model 1.147C), if a dust threshold is exceeded. Specification: 110dB sound and flashing light. EADS, Augsburg, with acoustical and visual alarm unit in indoor fibre-glass protection housing, model 164 with T and rh sensor. 32

33 Applications: atmospheric research, airborne particle distribution Airplane measurements with for particle size distribution, online and battery powered! Campaign in Australia, IMK-Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany,

34 Applications: atmospheric research physical properties and chemistry Spectrometer mounted at a Cessna wing cross beam with a isokinetic inlet for particle sampling inlet during flight. plexiglas wind protection spectrometer isokinetic sampling probe mini-cascade impactors for aerosol particle sampling University of Hohenheim and FU-Berlin, 1998 Engelhardt T., (2005): Lasermikrosonden-Massenspektrometrie atmosphärischer Aerosolpartikel. Dissertation, Universität Hohenheim, 2004, ISBN , Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen. 34

35 Applications: atmospheric research vertical aerosol profiling, Milano, Italy spectrometer for vertical aerosol profiling with a balloon With permission of Luca Ferrero, Milano Bicocca University, Italy, presented at EAC, Salzburg

36 Applications: mobile WRAS for exhaust emissions, 3 locations, Bozen, Italy dn/dln(d) [cm - ³ ] WRAS SMPS+C and background air nano background air fine dust exhaust air nano exhaust air fine dust highway nano highway fine dust Exhaust air Thermal waste combustion energy plant 0,1 0,01 0,001 0,0001 Sampling system, with permission of Dioxin Monitoring Systems, Kottingbrunn, Austria particle diameter [nm] Highway Background air 36

37 Applications: atmospheric research in high altitudes, Sky-OPC model Helicopter carried platform ACTOS with Sky-OPC for measuring submicron particles with 1 second time resolution up to 6km altitude, independent on air pressure. IfT Leipzig, Germany,

38 Applications: Bioaerosol research, model Bioaerosol spectrometer In the field: Bioaerosol particles sampled in a stable for animal husbandry. University of Hannover, Institute of Animal Science, Germany, 2007 In the lab: Bio-aerosol wind tunnel for testing emission and impaction of micro organisms. 38

39 Applications: Filter testing principles - volume controlled filter test, simultaneous upstream and downstream measurements - continuous filter testing for ventilation control - filter test according to ASHRAE - automobile filter test according to ISO and others 39

40 Applications: Filter tests, test rigs with Grimm technology inside Filter test system e.g. with Grimm Model (fine) or (coarse) for validation of air filters, e.g. used for cars and automotive industry. Mann + Hummel, Germany published in Messen und Sensorik 2008 Filter, used in Audi A8 40

41 Applications: Ventilation control with dual filter tester Online efficiency control of ventilation systems (e.g. electrostatic participators in tunnels) with dual filter tester model Upstream and downstream simultaneously! Data output in counts (31 channels) or mass. Electrostatic participator for 50 m³/sec Airflow Filtrontec, Germany (tunnel project Calle30, Madrid, Spain),

42 Grimm instruments measure particle number concentration and particle size and you can obtain particle mass with high time resolution and high accuracy! For indoor AND outdoor application! 42