THE ULTIMATE Environmental fine dust measurement devices

Transcription

1 continuous research THE ULTIMATE Environmental fine dust measurement devices Unique technologies for different applications 2013

2 The Future in Fine Dust Monitoring 2 Grimm Environmental Dust Monitors (EDM s) DUST is a generic term used to describe fine particles that are suspended in the atmosphere. Dust comes from a wide variety of sources, including soil, vegetation (pollen and fungi), sea salt, fossil fuel combustion, burning of biomass, and industrial activities. These particles may undergo chemical changes and reactions with other substances. Fine particles are not visible to the human eye, although at high concentrations it may appear as a haze in the atmosphere. Primary dust is form ed when fine particles are taken up into the atmosphere (entrained) by either the actionofwind, or other physical disturbances, or through the release of particulate-rich gaseous emissions. Secondary dust are mostly gases that react in the atmosphere over time to form fine particles such as sulphur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, etc. These are mostly known as SVC (semi-volatile components) which are small particles suspended in the air. Finer particles are typically defined as particles of size PM10, PM2.5 orsmaller. The typical characteristics include: That they are easily entrained by wind or disturbances and generally take a long time to settle once airborne, although they may be washed from the air by rain or snow. For example, a recent study found that fine particles of sea salt in the Hunter Valley originated in the Great Australian Bight. They may settle permanently on land or temporarily before being picked up and moved again, and may settle on water, dissolve in water, or both (long range transport). They may stick together or break apart changing the size distribution over time. Dust is typically classified according to its particle size, as follows: Deposited matter refers to any dust that falls out of suspension in the atmosphere. TSP (total suspended particles) typically refers to particles 50 μm (micrometers) (0.05 mm diameter) in size or smaller. PM10 refers to particles 10 μm (0.01 mm) in size or smaller. PM2.5 refers to particles 2.5 μm ( mm) in size or smaller. PM1 refers to particles 1 μm (0.001 mm) insize or smaller. Particle size is an important factor influencing the dispersion and transport of dust in the atmosphere and the effects of dust on human health. Total Counts (TC) in the atmosphere determinates the change of size distribution by the same mass concentration. PM0.1 refers to very small particles, from a few nanometers up to 100 nm. ADVANTAGES OF THE NEW EDM TECHNOLOGIES The first real-time dust monitors were developed in Germany in 1960 based on radioactive BETA-ray detection. This method is still in use today, although newer methods became available on the market (micro balances). Bothhadincommonthatonlyasignificant mass could be monitored in minute averages. Since the requirements changed to smaller sizes (PM2.5 and finer), it became more difficult to monitor in real-time. Therefore the new optical methods were developed enabling the measurement not only of specific fractions, but also the total size distribution thatallows calculation of PM10, PM2.5 and TC values; all results from the same unit. The new EDM can do nearly all the PM requirements listed above with one unit, built as a 19 rack solution for shelters. In addition, no radioactive material is needed and these instruments require very little maintenance and no consumables.

3 Instrument Concept of the Grimm EDM Units PM 10 + PM PM 1 + TC + size distribution with 1 unit 3 TECHNICAL ACCEPTANCE At present there are hundreds and hundreds of these instruments worldwide in use and their data are expressed in standards, such as GESYTEC, orotherto matchthedifferent national environmental networks. Examples of the results are shownonpage6and7(so ftware). Scientists and environmental engineers can have access to the data from anywhere in the world via the WWW, by SMS (text message) or any other data transfer system. A fully automatic self-test and control system monitors the performance of the instrument and reports possible problems. All this results in a considerable reductionof the total cost of ownership! SIZE CLASSIFICATION SAMPLE HEAD The sample air inlet is based on the requirements established in the Johannesburg convention and simulates the inhaling behavior of human beings. Insteadofusingacyclone the sample air enters the radial symmetrical inletat 1.25 m/s, protected by a large grid. See picture on the left. Each single particle (aerosol) passing through the measurement ce ll is classified by size, generating 31 different size channels every 6 seconds. Based on this size distribution from 0.25 μm upwards to over 30 μm, we multiply the different bands with special densities obtaining a proper mass distribution. SAMPLE PIPE The sample air passes through an isothermal air drying system during which moisture is extracted via a Nafion tube from a set humidity that reduces the possibility of nucleonic condensation and therefore artificial weight. The benefit of this method is that there is no loss of semivolatile aerosols (SVA`s). Seebluesection inthediagram below. MEASUREMENT CELL Fromthesamplepipethefullair stream of 1.2 l/min passes through the heart of the patented GRIMM spectrometer cell that has been designed as a single particle detection and counting system. This results in every single particle being measured by the instrument. This optical system was optimized in such a way as to ensure that the refractive change (colour) is negligible. Even in the nano size range the sensitivity acrossthesizechannelsisexcellent. MAINTENANCE All units report not only the different PM values, but also the instrument characteristics and instrument performance, so that preventative maintenance can be planned, even on remote stations. This reduces the field costs considerably and allows for better use of these instruments in the field. APPROVALS The mass distribution is now mathematically converted in accordance to PM sampling head efficiency curves so that all the different PM s can be obtained within one unit at the same time. This is all done automatically by the instrument. This patented solution was presented to the US-EPA and the European Community for approval resulting in GRIMM s PM10 and PM2.5 approval, as well as TC correlation proof with CPC`s. FURTHER EXPANSION All EDM units can be (at any later date) upgraded to measure in addition a) aerosol size distribution, b) the nano particle fraction up to 0.3 μm, c) the meteorological data (for modelling), and the (local) fresh aerosol contribution. For more details see under ACCESSORIES.

4 4 Product Family of Grimm EDM s EDM Rack Solution Page 9 This instrument is a 19 solution with the capability to simultaneously measure the different PM value s in one-minute intervals in real-time, and conforms to European standards EN for PM10 and EN for PM2.5. Values for PM1 and TC (total counts) are alsoprovided even thoughen standards for these parameters have yet to be established 11-E Portable Dust Monitor Page 11 EDM 365. The Outdoor Device Page 12 Smallest commercially available portable dust monitor and spectrometer (24 x 12 x 6 cm) evaluated by UMEG in 2005, weighing only 2.5 kg with battery included. It shows three PM values in 1-minute intervals and stores the data on a removable data logger card or directly online on a PC. This unit can also be used with the new 163 Outdoor housing for continuous measurement in the field. This device sets a new trend: Instead of big measurement containers with cost-intensive maintenance requirements, our units are small and stand-alone and compact while making no compromises regarding dust and meteorological demands. Our EDM 365 meets all the demands and today many of these stations are successfully operating in places all over the world and under the most adverse atmospheric conditions. FOUR VALUES SIMULTANEOUSLY LITTLE MAINTENANCE REQUIRED REMOTE SERVICE & CONTROL INSTANT DATA ACCESS COMPACT SOLUTION NO CONSUMABLES NO RADIOACTIVE SOURCE LOW POWER CONSUMPTION UFP 465. The Road Traffic Analyzer Page 13 This is a new development to continuously measure the nano particle concentration on road sites, etc. This unit gives results in counts but can also express the aerosol size distribution from 10 to 1000 nm. EDM 665. Page 14 The Wide Range Flagship The flagship of the GRIMM Enviro-line is awide Range Aerosol Spectrometer monitoring system. This unique combination of optical and electrical mobility particle sizing technologies ideally supports environmental research in an extremely wide range of average particle diameters from 5 nm to 30,000 nm.

5 Specification of Grimm EDM Units 5 GENERAL: Depending on the application there are different EDM models from GRIMM available. As shown on the overview on the left side, all units measure with the same optical arrangements to assure inter-compatibility, but have different handling and operational concepts. They have in common: > the 31 channel size range from 0.25 to 32 µm, > the automatically controlled sample flow of 1.2 l/min, > data storage card and data access at the RS-232 at all times, and > climatic sensor for temperature and humidity. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Particle concentration: 1 to 2 Million P/l without range change. 3 Dust mass: 0.1 to > 6,000 μg/m without range change. The basic version for all units is the version -C Reproducibility: < 3% at the full range Each unit can send two PM values every minute. Sample Flow: 72 l/h, flow-controlled at ± 5%, automatic. Standard > EDM xxx-c: PM10 + PM2.5 and TC Dehumidification: automatic Nafion dryer system (see page 3). EDM xxx-ce: TSP and PM10 and TC > Upgrade version CE manual key path operation remote control via RS-232 EDM xxx-d: PM10 + PM2.5 + PM1 and TC > Upgrade version D automatic self-start and test automatic rinsing air control EDM xxx-e: as D, but changeable to 31 size channels > Upgrade version E removable data card data display on 2 x 16 EDM xxx-f: only for use with 31 size channels > Upgrade version F alphanumerical display power supply: 230 V, 50 Hz or 110 V, 60 Hz EDM xxx-d-svc: Option to measure the SVC fraction power consumption: W and > Upgrade version SVC (except 164) size: see each model size MODEL VARIATIONS for 164, 180, 365 and 765 versions: EDM 765. The Perfect Combination Page 15 The EDM 765 is a complete standalone environmental compact shelter permitting the use of our EDM 180 in combination with up to three different EPA approved gas sensors and meteorological sensors. The system is mobile, self-controlled, air-conditioned and alldata are logged andtransmitted wirelessly to the central data system. Optional Accessories: 158L meteorological sensor for wind speed and wind direction 159L meteorological sensor as 158L, but also for precipitation and air pressure 1321 nano particle sizer and counter from 15 to 250 nm in 8 size channels (only 365)

6 Software for Grimm EDM Units 6 PM 10 + PM PM1 or size distribution as TC (Total Counts) GENERAL: It can retrieve all data from anywhere in the world via WWW, by SMS or any other data transfer system. This permits constant knowledge of the environmental conditions anywhere in the world. DATA: Each unit operates via RS-232 and scientists and environmental engineers using our data logger system gain access to the data from 1-minute intervals upwards. A fully automatic self-test and control system monitors the performance of the instrument and reports possible errors. All this results in considerable reduction of the total cost of ownership. PROTOCOL: Since the systems were developed in Germany, all units can be operated in networks using the standardised GESYTEC network protocol. However, any other operational mode can be used, naturally including our software package. SOFTWARE: All environmental GRIMM EDM units can be operated with the LABVIEW program and data can be easily shown in real-time. Below are examples of data presentation. Notice that all data obtained are stored on the memory card (or logger), so no data loss will occur with the hardware selected. Results showning PM10 + PM2.5 + PM1 and the standard humidity and temperature sensor. Results showing the operational condition of the instrument as sampled dust or operating time. Results from the optional climatic sensor such as wind speed and direction and rain. (This sensor can be attached to any EDM unit at any time) Results showing the EDM particle size distribution over time.

7 DATA from Grimm EDM Units Wide range data, Nano particle counts, PAH sensor or SVC data 7 GENERAL: All units report data as shown on the left page. However, more important data presentations are available with each EDM instrument in addition to the measured data. Below are examples of the above. Results from an EDM 665 showing WRAS data as particle size distribution with concentration over time. Results from the UFP 465 unit as NANO particle concentration over time Results from an EDM 11-E as PM1 combined with a PAH sensor in a 163 Results shown in a tabular list (can also be exported into a excel list) Results shown from an EDM 365 of PM + PM + PM as total and as SVC values

8 Certifications and Approvals 8 of Grimm EDM units 19 Rack Mounted Dust Monitor EDM 180 Stationary EPA and EN Approved Environmental Dust Monitor for the simultaneous measuring of PM 10 + PM PM1 with one single unit. 9 US EPA APPROVAL for the EDM 180 Class II Equivalent Method Designation for the measurement of PM2.5 As automated Equivalent Method: EQPM Federal register Vol. 76 page of 03/22/2011 GENERAL: The GRIMM model EDM 180 is the only optical approved PM monitor worldwide that provides PM10 and PM2.5 values simultaneously in real-time. Worldwide approval and certification tests based on some 15 years of field experience have put us in a position where today, we can exactly calculate the correct PM values in ambient conditions! Currently, the unique GRIMM EDM 180 is the only optical system to have passed environmental approvals for PM monitoring in accordance with gravimetric reference systems for PM 10 + PM PM1 using an optical laser system. EUROPEAN regulation 96/G2/EG grants for the control of air quality Grimm Aerosol Technik for the model EDM 180 for continuous measurement the equivalent acceptance as automated instrument "AEM tested model EDM 180" for continuous automated measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 in accordance to the European standard EN and EN the instrument passed the equivalency requirements GENERAL: The GRIMM EDM 180 has the capability to simultaneously measure PM 10 + PM PM1 values in real-time, and conforms to European standards for PM values and TC (total counts). The monitor is approved from: EN for PM10 EN for PM2.5 US-EPA for PM + PM GOST-R for PM + PM SYSTEM INSTALLATION: The EDM 180 unit is a 19, 6HE rack version, to be installed in a shelter, etc. and consists of three components, namely > sample pipe with internal dryer, > sample holder, and > rack with optical monitor. The concept is such that the rack can be taken out without removing the sample pipe, thus resulting in no leak risk to the container roof at any time. SYSTEM COMBINATION: Like a modular system, our EDM 180 comes standard with the capability to determine two PM values, however it may also be upgraded to deliver 3 PM values and the total count = TC. In addition, the EDM 180 can be expanded to supply the complete particle count information from 0.25 µm to 32 µm in 31 different sizes, all in 1- minute intervals. All combinations are listed on page 5 under combinations.

9 10 Important Options for the Systems 1142.M5 Data Logger This all-in-one solution is a microprocessor system with integrated WEB server that interacts between the measurement instrument and the TCP/IP protocol. The data logger can be integrated into all GRIMM EDM units, has internal GPS, 4GB data storage, remote control and the possibility to combine information from GRIMM monitors with data from various other sensors such as meteorology and gas sensors. Data can be transmitted in real-time to the internet, our GRIMM data base system, your web page and/or intranet. Calibration Tower All environmental spectrometers are very carefully factory calibrated through several steps, namely: a) monodisperse aerosols (such as Latex) for specific size classification; b) polydisperse aerosols (such as Dolomite) for mass correlation (using the shown calibration tower to establish a perfect match to the reference unit), and c) a weekly field test, to compare the correlation and field stability to the reference unit. NanoSizer This particle size extension kit permits measurement of particles smaller than 250 nm down to 15 nm. The unit can be combined with all EDM units allowing the measurement of an additional eight size channels in 1-minute intervals. PAH-Sensor Meteorological Sensors Option for measuring total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in real-time. This sensor can be combined with all EDM units for an instant differentiation from fresh aerosols to long range transported aerosols. As house standard we use our analogue sensors for the humidity and temperature control in all our EDM units. However, it is possible to use alternative digital sensors, especially if wind speed and wind direction, rain and/or snow data are required.

10 Mobile Environmental Monitor EDM E in 163 housing, PM10 PM2.5 PM1 TC 11 Compact Transportable Environmental Monitor EDM 164 During the last few years the awareness has grown with regard to the importance of air quality, and more importantly, for the environment and the general health of people and animals in particular. Therefore a PM10 data base is used worldwide as a guideandreferencetoassistintheabove.however,themore relevant component is fine dust (PM2.5) in the sector of building, storage, handling and waste management. Therefore, it is no surprise that the authorities demand an accurate PM10 and PM2.5 spreading calculation. This unit can be expanded to measure also the PM1 andeventhesizedistributioninover30 different size bands from 0.25 μm to 32 μm. MAINTENANCE For our advantages in maintenance please see page 15. With the 11-E the quantity of released PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 emissions from each source can be easily determined and these values (developed by EPA s or others) are used as accurate mobile indicators by specialists making it easier for them to evaluate legal implications of any given situation and to validate the results of a company s field performance. Each 11-E unit is portable and can be simply connected to either a 24V DC or a 220V AC power source. For outdoor use the unit canbeoperatedinaprotectionhousing, model 163. Then the package can be installed either on a roof, a lamp post, or on a truck, so field monitoring is possible. Additional meteorological sensors can assist in modelling the aerosol movement. Currently there is a trend towards downsizing of measuring stations due to the fact that mobility and handling without loss of data quality are important factors. With this in mind, Grimm has designed a mini dust monitoring system, EDM 164, several years ago so that installations can be accomplished nearly everywhere and the results transmitted wireless to a central system. The EDM 164 is nearly identical to the above model 163, but the 11-E is a fixed installation and thus has a large external pump for 24/7 continuous operation. Several EDM 164 industrial stations can be placed around the critical area and all these data can be collected and transmitted wireless ly with our integrated data logger units to a central observation station. For more details about the logger see page 10.

11 EDM PM10 PM2.5 PM1 TC Correlation of two Grimm EDM 365 units at PM10 and PM2.5 Transportable Environmental Dust Monitor EDM 365 Based on the same principle as the EDM 164 the EDM 365 has two major differences. First, the sample air is not warmed up in the sample pipe to eliminate possible humidity as in the EDM 164, but extracts possible moisture isothermically by using a NAFION air dryer system. This means, and thus secondly, that the unit does not have any losses of semi volatile aerosols (SVA`s) andcantherefore beusedto identify in real-time the possible SVA concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 values in the ambient air. With the EDM 365 the accurate quantity of released PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from each so urc e can be easi ly determined. With these monitors real data can be supplied to relevant specialists making it easier for them to evaluate legal implications of any given situation and to validate the results of a company s field performance. Each unit is portable and can be simply installed onto either a roof, a lamp post or a truck; as they can run from either 24V DC or 220V AC power source. Additional meteorologica l sensors can assist in modelling the aerosol distribution and the movement of relevant material. For details please see page 10. Several EDM 365 industrial stations can be placed around the critical area and all these data are collected and transmitted wirelessly with our integrated data logger units to a central observation station. Details about the logger see page 10. All the results arestoredinacentralpersonalcomputerand can be easily accessed by our powerful software package (see pages 6 and 7). Furthermore it can be extended to measure the ultra fine dust concentration down to a few nanometers and this can be of interest for combustion processes and for road-side monitoring. Alternatively, the fresh generated aerosols part can be differentiated from the PM values, for a better understanding of local dust against long range transport in real-time.

12 Transportable, Environmental UltraFineParticle Monitoring System UFP 465 Nano Counter 13 Mobile Environmental Ultrafine Particle Monitoring System UFP 465 The additional knowledge garnered over the past couple of years with regard to ultra fine particles (UFPs) has resulted in this becoming a key area of interest in environmental monitoring and related studies - as these particles have potentially significant impacts on air quality and health. Accordingly,theUS EPAhasdefinedUFPasthoseparticles smaller than 100 nm (<0.1 μm) that exist in large quantities in the urban environment. The subsequent extension of the measurement range within our EDM units down to 7 nm was thus a target to extend the range of environmental monitoring solutions. This was achieved by the use of one of our CPC counters, modified for this use and a cut-off at 7 nm. GRIMM offers three solutions for this application, namely: an attachment to an existing EDM 180 as 19 rack monitoring system a NANO sensor in addition to the PM monitor in the EDM 365, or a stand-alone unit UFP 465, as described below. This UFP 465 System has the following characteristics: an internal liquid supply for the CPC counter inside (for long-time operation), a dehumidification system for the sample air to avoid additional moisture to the CPC counter a recovery system of condensated moisture from the CPC counter, built-in meteorology systems for later modeling, is easy to install and flexible to operate, contains data acquisition and logger system for remote wireless data transfer, and provides problem-free performance requiring minimal maintenance The sampling pipe operates via the Nafion isothermal air drying system. This means the unit does not have any losses of semivolatile aerosols (SVA`s) and can therefore count the full aerosol concentration continuously at all times. However, a special sampling pipe with a selectable heater permits the differentiation between the total counts and the SVC eliminated counts. This allows the determination of the SVC fraction contribution in the atmosphere. Additional meteorological se nsors can assist in modelling the aerosol distribution and movement of relevant material. For details, seepage10. Several UFP 465 stationscanbeplacedaroundacriticalareaandallthedataarecollectedandtransmittedwirelesslywithour integrated data logger units to a central observation station. For more details about the logger see page 10. All the results are stored in a central PC and can be easily accessed by our powerful software package (see pages 6 and 7).

13 Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer (WRAS) 14 in a midi shelter as Grimm EDM channel size distribution with spectrometer (or PM 10 + PM PM 1) and 44 channel NANO particle SMPS+C system, as well as meteorological sensors Above picture shows the EDM 180 and the SMPS+C system underneath. On top are the alcohol and the water tank. MIDI SHELTER 665 This concept is very similar to the EDM 365 but all is based on a 19 rack concept consisting of the EDM 180 unit combined with our GRIMM SMPS+C nanoparticle counter andsizer.this combination is our flagship and the most powerful WRAS worldwide, since it offers an automatic system measuring 75 different size bands of particles in the atmosphere, from 5 nm up to 30,000 nanometers in minutes. In addition there is space for optional sensors as well, for example meteorology etc. so that these research units supply data 24/7 out in the field. Each shelter is a stand-alone unit with air-condition to keep all monitors at relevant temperature ranges for optimum performance, a data logger, GPS and a wireless data output function. The complete system can be moved and installed easily in the field and be operated unattended for one month. The size of the shelter is only 80 x 80 x 160 cm. Both diagrams show 3-D results from field monitoring. POLLUTION DATA: All results obtained are stored on an integrated data logger that sends the results of all instruments, including the shelter position, wirelessly to a central data collection system, allowing the establishment of historical weather records and the main purpose of the federal monitoring networks.

14 Midi Shelter as Grimm EDM 765 fine dust, gas and meteorological monitoring for PM 10 + PM PM 1 + TC and size distribution with 1 unit NO/NO /NOx/Ozone, H S or other gases, and meteorological data GENERAL As discussed earlier, there is a trend towards miniaturisation of complete measuring stations due to the fact that mobility and handling without loss of data quality is an important factor. With this in mind Grimm designed a 19 solution that contains our EDM 180 dust monitoring system and space to other approved gas sensors. MIDI SHELTER 765 Instead of large classical shelters we offer stand-alone housings with air-condition to ensure all monitors are kept within relevant temperature ranges for optimum performance at all times. Easy access to monitoring equipment housed within a shelter is accomplished via access from both sides of these shelters. These shelters have additional space for 19 rack type gas sensors, for example NO/NO 2/NOX,Ozone,H 2S, etc. and practically contain similar equipmentas the classical shelters out in the field, except that these systems are much more compact. The sampling pipe is installed on the roof of the EDM 765 (similar to the EDM 365) and connected to the optical fine dust monitoring system and meteorological sensors. APPROVALS This patented technical solution was presented to the US EPA and the European Community for approval and today the GRIMM EDM 180 has notonly achieved the PM10 and PM2.5 approval, but also TC correlation proof with CPC`s. MAINTENANCE All mini (EDM 164) and midi (EDM 665 and 765) shelters operate on self-control during summer and winter months to ensure continued instrument performance, allowing the planning of preventive maintenance even at remote stations. This reduces the field efforts considerably, as well as the operational costs, for example electricity, etc. and thus allows for better use of these instruments in the field.

15 continuous research By the way: For more information about measuring the Nano particles, and measuring the indoor air quality please ask for our respective catalogues or see them online on our website! 30 years of scientific research and experience. CHOOSE THE BEST TECHNOLOGY! For information regarding events, exhibitions or symposia please visit our homepage or call us: Phone: , Skype: ae-grimm We d love to talk to you, together we will find the best solution for your needs in dust monitoring GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG Dorfstraße 9, Ainring, Germany Tel.: Fax sales@grimm-aerosol.com Dealer