Topics. New Technologies and Equipment Ethylene sensing 3/17/2013. RFID smart cards

Transcription

1 New Technologies and Equipment 2013 Deirdre Holcroft Holcroft Postharvest Consulting, Inc. Topics 1. Temperature sensing 2. Ethylene sensing 3. Ripeness sensing 4. Shelf life/ quality/ safety sensing 5. Small scale or in transit ripening 6. Ethylene absorbers tech.com/en RFID smart cards Ethylene sensing Equipment Price Detection limit Dräger Pac 7000 $ ppb Ethylene sensor $1, ppb Detcon Model DM 700 C2H4 $1,065 1, ppb ICA56 $1, ppb Photovac Explorer $25, ppb Kitagawa gas detector $395 pump $64 tubes 100 ppb Sensidyne Ethylene Sensor $435 pump $73 tubes 100 ppb CEA Gasman $510 sensor 100 ppb Interscan 1 point LD series $3,810 4, ppb Interscan 4000 Series $2,365 2, ppb Absoger EASI 1 $10, ppb Fluid Analytics ETH 1010 $10, ppb Gas chromatograph $14,000 $50, ppb CI 900 $7,950 1 ppb MACView Analyser $6,500 13,000 1 ppb Sensor Sense EDT 300 $38, ppb G1106 Picarro $50, ppb 1

2 ETD 300 ethylene detector Highly sensitive ethylene detector for on line measurements on biological samples ETD 300 ethylene detector Laset based system with photoacoustic detection Detection limit: 300 ppt (parts per trillion) i.e. orders of magnitude lower than most detectors (100 ppb; ppt per billion) Time resolution: 5 seconds Detection range: 0 5 ppm; (can be adjusted to 300 ppm) Online measurements Can measure from 6 chambers Fully automated and computer controlled User friendly software data displayed in real time Units: ppb/v or nl/h Infected with Botrytis 3x Infected with Botrytis 2x control mock 1x Bc 1x Infected with Botrytis 1x Mock infection ppb/v Control sense.nl Ethylene Monitoring Using Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Picarro Comparison of Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography measurements of standards by Dr Adel Kader at UC Davis show excellent linearity over 0 8 ppm range Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) is a laser based optical absorption spectroscopy technique based on Picarro s patented Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) Platform Precise measurements at very low concentration Requires infrequent calibration Automated to operate without highly trained personnel or regular maintenance In situ ethylene measurements (on line, real time) 2

3 CRDS Kiwifruit Cold Storage Monitoring Kiwifruit stored with Asian pears until 10/14 Explorer Portable, battery operated gas chromatograph for quick spot checks Gas chromatography based instruments with a PID (photoionization detector) Can also detect hundreds of other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Portable, battery operated; 0perates for 8 hours on battery power. Uses ethylene calibration gas to confirm performance Detection limit: 0.1 ppm = 100 ppb ETH 1010 Ethylene Analyzer Developed by Fluid Analytics in the U.S. as ETH 1010 Also sold by Absoger in France as EASI 1 Portable Continuous measurement Fast response: 10 s response 1 min end to end measurement High sensitivity: <10 ppb Internal data storage, Ethernet, USB Packaged into rugged box for installation in cold rooms How good is the signal? ETH-1010, ppm Gas Chromatography, ppm Shekarriz R. and W.L. Allen, 2008, Nanoporous Gold Electrocatalysis for Ethylene Monitoring and Control, Europ. J. Hort. Sci., 73 (4), pp CI 900 Portable Ethylene Gas Analyzer Portable and lightweight Electrochemical sensor Range 1 10 ppm Measure ethylene levels as low as 10 ppb in air Non destructive sampling and measurements Inexpensive Small Simple Fabrication Low Power One Chip Multiple Sensors SnO 2 Nanoparticle Based Passive Capacitive Sensor Single walled carbon nanotubebased Devices Biosensors Labels 3

4 RIPENESS SENSING What consumers say about ripesense 93% would purchase a pre pack with ripesense again 85% would increase the frequency of their pear purchasing Great idea the pears were perfect! The pears were just right I didn t know pears could taste this good Launched in 2008: ripesense for avocado SHELF LIFE QUALITY SAFETY SENSING? What next? Next generation sensor label under evaluation by a commercial party. 4

5 Ethylene Release Canister Activated when required Supplies ethylene at a constant rate for up to 7 days Ideal for conditioning small orders Reduced cost vs. ripening room installation or expansion Covered pallet conditioning by ERC Activated ERC placed on top of boxes inside cover Standard polyethylene pallet cover Tape sealing cover to slip sheet (optional ) Standard slip sheet (optional) Covered without ERC for 7 days Covered with ERC for 7 days Firmness (kg) and aroma (1 7) of pears 3 days in ripening room 10.1 lb Mean firmness 4.0 lb After 4 days post-conditioning ripening Benefits Pear ripened on a small scale Kiwifruit ripened in transit Banana in transit Can be used on other fruits ERC can also be used to ripen an entire shipping container load of fruit using a magazine loaded with multiple ERC cans timer system to start and end the ripening cycle (programmable) Approved by US DOT and Transport Canada for over the road Approved for over the water use. Ripening produce with ethylene encapsulated in cyclodextrin complexes Ripestuff Researchers are working with UniQuest, University of Queensland's main research commercialization company, to prepare the technology for industry investment and licensing opportunities. References: Ho, Joyce, Bhandari Encapsulation of ethylene gas into α cyclodextrin and characterization of the inclusion complexes Food Chemistry 127: Ho, Joyce, Bhandari Release kinetics of ethylene gas from ethylene α cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Food chemistry 129:

6 Overview of ethylene removal, reduction or inhibition of action 1. Ventilation 2. Catalysts Catalytic oxidation of ethylene to CO 2 and water e.g. ozone 3. Stoichiometric oxidizing agents Oxidation of ethylene, product is reduced e.g. KMnO 4 4. Sorbents Direct absorption of ethylene 5. Ethylene blockers o Prevent the action of ethylene e.g.!-mcp based products 31 It sfresh! e+ Ethylene Remover Palladium impregnated zeolite (2.5% Pd m/m); Predominantly an absorber but some catalytic degradation of ethylene into ethane and CO 2 Started at 500 ppm Comparison of Ethysorb and It sfresh!e+ Ethysorb KMnO 4 supported on high surface area alumina It sfresh! e+ Palladium promoted material Strawberry It sfresh had 6 fold higher ethylene absorption at 21C/70F and 100% RH 60 fold higher ethylene absorption at 21C/70F and 0% RH Absorption at 0 5C and 100% RH? Material Ethylene (ppm) Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 None (control) It sfresh! e+ (100 mg) It sfresh! e+ (1000 mg) Ethysorb (100 mg) Ethysorb (1000 mg) Wet bruising Rots Note: KMnO 4 exposed to 100% RH for 72 h at 21C lost all ethylene absorption capacity 6

7 Dri Fresh FresFresh Hold EA and. Dri Fresh Fresh Hold AF absorbent pads AF absorbent pads contain active natural materials which inhibit mold and fungal growth EA absorbent pads contain active carbon which absorbs ethylene All innovation in postharvest handling should be seen as a supplement to good temperature management! 7