Practical and Regulatory Aspects of Clearance and Exemption of Non-Nuclear Waste

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2 Practical and Regulatory Aspects of Clearance and Exemption of Non-Nuclear Waste Dr. J. Feinhals DMT GmbH & Co. KG Folie 2 DMT Präsentation

3 Content 1 Dose Concept and Derived Values 2 Regulation in Germany 3 Some Good Experiences 4 The Important Role of Clearance Folie 3 DMT Präsentation

4 1 Dose Concept and Derived Values IAEA standard 1988: some mrem are negligible (de minimis concept: dose is of no regulatory concern) IAEA RS-G => IAEA BSS 2014 nuclide specific values for general clearance EC BSS 2015 => nat. legislation 2018 Revision of RS-G-1.7???. surface specific values, values for specific clearance

5 2 Regulation in Germany unrestricted Clearance solid materials with surface liquid material building rubble excavated soil in case of > 1000 Mg/a nuclear sites buildings unrestricted for reuse

6 2 Regulation in Germany Specific Clearance solid materials with surface solid materials with surface buildings metal scrap with surface landfill waste incineration demolition melting values for specific clearance > values for unrestricted clearance

7 2 Regulation in Germany Nuclide Exemption limit Surface contamina tion Activity [Bq] Specific activity [Bq/g] [Bq/cm 2 ] Solid substances, liquids, with the exception of column 6 [Bq/g] General Clearance of Specific Clearance of Half-life Building rubble, excavated soil, in amounts over 1,000 Mg/a [Bq/g] Sites [Bq/cm 2 ] Buildings for reuse or continued use [Bq/cm 2 ] Solid substances and liquids for disposal, with the exception of column 6 [Bq/g] Buildings for demolition [Bq/cm 2 ] Metal Scrap for Recycling [Bq/g] a 11 H-3 1 E+7 1 E E E+3 1 E+3 4 E+3 1 E+3 12,3 a Be-7 Mn-54 Fe-55 Zn-65 Co-60 Co-58 Ag-110m+ Sb-124 Cs-137+ Cs-134 Am E+7 1 E+6 1 E ,4 30 0,3 1 E+6 1 E E ,5 0,4 1 E ,1 0,09 1 E ,9 0,2 1 E ,1 0,08 1 E ,5 0,5 1 E ,5 0,4 1 E ,2 0,1 2 0, E ,3 312,2 d d 6 1 E+3 1 E+4 2 E+4 1 E+4 2,7 a 0, ,5 244 d 0,03 0, ,6 5,3 a 0, ,8 d 7E-3 0, ,5 249,9 d 0, ,5 60,3 d 0, ,6 30,2 a 0,05 0, ,2 2,1 a 1 E ,3 432,6 a

8 2 Regulation in Germany Average Mass unrestricted: 300 kg general specific: 1 Mg for debris and excavated material in single case higher values can be licensed Average Area unrestricted: specific: 1000 cm² general 1 m² for buildings poss. more 100 m² for land areas Page 8

9 Recommendations given by the EC RP 65: Principles and methods for establishing concentrations and quantities (Exemption Values) below which reporting is not required in the European Directive, 1993 RP 89: Recommended radiological protection criteria for the recycling of metals from the dismantling of nuclear installations, 1998 RP 101: Basis for the definition of surface contamination clearance levels for the recycling or reuse of metals arising from the dismantling of nuclear installations, 1999 RP 113: Recommended radiological protection criteria for the clearance of buildings and building rubble from the dismantling of nuclear installations, 2000 RP 117: Methodology and models used to calculate individual and collective doses from the recycling of metals from the dismantling of nuclear installations, 2000 RP 122: Practical use of the concepts of clearance and exemption part I: Guidance on general clearance levels for practices, 2000 part II: Application of the concepts of exemption and clearance to natural radiation sources, 2001

10 3 Some Good Experiences General Process for Clearance of Materials assessment of history, estimation of activation pre-classification application to authority incl. clearance plan for campaign rad. waste clearable waste DGDF Konrad determination of nuclide mixtures choice of appropriate measurements techn. decay storage decision on clearance transport off site pre-decision measurement decision measurement verification measurement necessary execution of campaign according clearance plan approved by authority, inspections by experts permit for clearance by authority on basis of data for each batch or entire campaign

11 Folie 11 DMT Präsentation Checks performed by independent experts or by operator

12 Clearance plan checked by experts, approved by authority Folie 12 DMT Präsentation

13 3 Some Good Experiences Application of Removal Plant Greifswald site Mg Category I Not contaminated Ca Mg Plant components TH 1 6, IH 6 Ca Mg Building structures Ca Mg Removal 2 / 3 Clearance 1 / 3 Category II and III Potentially contaminated Ca Mg Plant components Ca Mg Remaining building structures Ca Mg Concrete Ca Mg

14 4 The Important Role of Clearance Operational time of disposal facilities in Germany ? Asse ERAM Konrad In Germany, there has always been a lack of disposal facilities. To keep the amount of waste as low as reasonably possible Germany developed many regulations for clearance of materials. These regulations are based on IAEA s de minimis concept of a trivial dose of some 10 µsv/y.

15 1 /3 2 / 3 4 The Important Role of Clearance Supervised zone 97,2% Clearance (several pathways are possible) Unrestricted clearance Recycling Landfilling Controlled zone 2,4% 0,4% Radioactive waste Reuse (under defined circumstances)

16 1 /3 2 / 3 4 The Important Role of Clearance Supervised zone What happens, if clearance levels will be reduced (e.g. by EU-BSS)? 97,2% => 90% 2,4% => 9,6% more waste by factor of 4! 90,0% Clearance / Exemption (several paths are possible) Unrestricted release Recycling Landfilling Controlled zone 9,6% Radioactive waste 0,4% Reuse (under defined circumstances)

17 4 The Important Role of Clearance Reducing the activity Exemption Specific Clearance RS-G- 1.7 Juli 2014 DMT-Präsentation Folie 17

18 4 The Important Role of Clearance Waste generator Interim storage Disposal facility Clearance Generation of radioactive waste shall be kept to the minimum practicable. Principle 7 of IAEA Safety Fundamentals Juli 2014 DMT-Präsentation Folie 21

19 Questions?