The LQM/CIEH S4ULs for Human Health Risk Assessment. Caroline McCaffrey Land Quality Management Ltd
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1 The LQM/CIEH S4ULs for Human Health Risk Assessment Caroline McCaffre Land Qualit Management Ltd East Land Qualit Forum 17 th March 2015
2 The LQM/CIEH S4ULs z Generic Assessment Criteria for use in human health risk assessment z Result of collaborative working LQM & Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) Face-to-face workshop On-line workshop Local authorities, consultants & others (approx 50 people)
3 S4ULs published for z Metals Arsenic Berllium Boron Cadmium Chromium (III & VI) Copper Mercur Nickel Selenium Vanadium zinc z Petroleum Hdrocarbons 16 fractions z Polaromatic Hdrocarbons USEPA 16
4 S4ULs published for z Chloroalkanes & alkenes 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2,2- and 1,1,1,2- Tetrachloroethanes Tetrachloromethane Trichloroethene Trichloromethane Chloroethene z Explosives 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene RDX & HMX z Pesticides Aldrin & Dieldrin Atrazine Dichlorovos Endosulfans Hexachlorocclohexanes
5 S4ULs published for z Chlorobenzenes Chlorobenzene Dichlorobenzenes (3) Trichlorobenzenes (3) Tetrachlorobenzenes (3) Pentachlorobenzenes Hexachlorobenzene z Phenol & Chlorophenols Phenol Chlorophenols (4) Pentachlorophenol z Other Carbon disulphide Hexachlorobutadiene
6 LQM/CIEH S4ULs z Replace the 2 nd edition LQM/CIEH Generic Assessment Criteria for Human Health Risk Assessment (2009) z Based on Health Criteria Values tolerable or minimal levels of risk z Standard (SR3) land uses Residential (with & without homegrown produce); allotments; commercial Incorporating the exposure changes from SP1010 C4SL project (except homegrown produce top two approach, retains original SR3 approach)
7 LQM/CIEH S4ULs z Incorporate SP1010 Public open space land uses POS(residential) & POS(park) z 3 soil organic matters (1%, 2.5% & 6%) Organic contaminants z ~ 82 substances
8 Wh S4ULs? z Differentiate from other Generic Assessment Criteria z Suitable 4 Use Levels Suitable for use in planning context Suitable for use in other contexts including Part 2A Based on minimal or tolerable levels of risk
9 Format z Introductor chapter z (Generall) substance specific chapters z Some chapters cover groups of substances e.g. TPH fractions, PAHs z Each chapter Identit Derivation of Health Criteria Values Phsical chemical characteristics The LQM/CIEH S4ULs Summar of pathwa contributions References
10 Review of toxicological data Justification for selected HCV CLEA modelling independentl checked Review of phsical chemical data Justification for selection of inputs S4ULs for each land use Modelled using CLEA software Adapted to reflect exposure changes 6 land uses & 3 SOM Complete chapter peer reviewed
11 Review of toxicological data z In line with SR2 guidance HCV minimal or tolerable levels of risk threshold and/or non threshold effects background exposure Localised and/or sstemic effects z Generall based on expert opinions UK, European, International, other countries Date of publication Technical robustness z some remain unchanged from 2009
12 Review of phsical chemical data z Search for relevant data z For some substances data is unchanged from 2009 decisions SR7 organic contaminants
13 CLEA Modelling - Underpinning conceptual models SR3 landuses - incorporating some of the SP1010 exposure adaptations Residential with/out homegrown produce Allotments Commercial z SP1010 POS landuses Residential Park z 1%, 2.5% and 6% Soil Organic Matter z Sand Loam soil
14 Exposure Changes S4ULs z Changes from exposure assumptions included in SR3 z Adopted some (though not all) of the exposure changes from the Defra SP1010 Categor 4 Screening Levels (C4SL) project Revised assumptions considered to be reasonable attempts to reduce over-conservatism & unlikel to result in assessment criteria that are insufficientl protective
15 Exposure Changes Adopted S4ULs z Reduced soil adherence factor for children in residential land use z Reduced exposure frequenc dermal contact outdoors in residential land use Now 170 das/ear z Updated vapour inhalation rates
16 Top Two approach not adopted z C4SL Top two approach for produce consumption top 2 produce groups use 90%ile consumption rates Others based on mean consumption rates Different for each substance z B consensus the LQM/CIEH S4UL workshop participants agreed not to adopt this approach z Impractical to implement Top two produce tpes will var between substances due to differences in the soil-to-plant concentration factors In current CLEA software this would mean modelling each substance individuall, identifing the top two and manuall altering the consumption rates
17 Public Open Spaces (POS) z POS 1 grassed area close to housing Track back included Age classes 1-6 or Age classes 4-9 CLEA residential input parameters except reduction in soil ingestion rate 75mg/da z POS 2 park tpe open space No track back Age class 1-6, based on allotment land use Soil ingestion rate 50mg/da, occupanc 2hr/da, exposure frequenc 170 das/ear all age classes except Age Class 1 which is 85 das/ear
18 POS - residential Description: Includes the predominantl grassed areas adjacent to high densit housing, the central green area on man 1930s-1970s housing estates, and smaller areas commonl incorporated in newer developments as informal grassed areas or more formal landscaped areas with a mixture of open space and covered soil with planting. It is assumed that the close proximit to the place of residence will allow tracking back of soil to occur. Active exposure pathwas Ingestion of soil & dust (indoor & outdoor) Dermal contact with soils & dusts (indoor & outdoor) Inhalation of dusts (indoor & outdoor) Inhalation of vapours (outdoor) Default Receptor Default CLEA female residential Age Group >3 - <9 r old child (age classes 4-9) Exposure Duration/ Averaging Time 6 ears Soil ingestion rate 75 mg.da -1 Exposure frequenc Outdoor: 170 das.ear -1 Indoor: 365 das.ear -1 Soil to skin adherence factor outdoors 0.1 mg.cm 2 Occupanc period Outdoor: 1 hour.da -1 Indoor: AC4 23 hour.da -1, AC hour.da -1 Fraction of site with hard or vegetative cover 0.5 Air dispersion factor at 0.8m 500 g.m -2.s -1 per kg.m -3 Air dispersion factor at 1.6m 2000 g. m -2.s -1 per kg.m -3 Full details in Defra SP1010 (C4SL) project outputs
19 POS - park Description: An area of open space, usuall owned and maintained b the Local Authorit, provided for recreational uses including famil visits and picnics, children s pla area, informal sporting activities such as football (but not a dedicated sports pitch), and dog walking. It is assumed that tracking back of soils into the place of residence will be negligible. Active exposure pathwas Ingestion of soil & dust (outdoor onl) Dermal contact with soils & dusts (outdoor onl) Inhalation of dusts (outdoor onl) Inhalation of vapours (outdoor onl) Default Receptor Default CLEA female allotment Age Group 0-6 r old child (age classes 1-6) Exposure Duration/ Averaging Time 6 ears Soil ingestion rate 50 mg.da -1 Exposure frequenc Outdoors: AC1 85 das.ear -1, AC das.ear -1 Soil to skin adherence factor outdoors 0.1 mg.cm 2 Occupanc period Outdoors: 2 hour.da -1 Fraction of site with hard or vegetative cover 0.75 Air dispersion factor at 0.8m 120 g.m -2.s -1 per kg.m -3 Air dispersion factor at 1.6m 280 g. m -2.s -1 per kg.m -3 Full details in Defra SP1010 (C4SL) project outputs
20 The S4ULs z Tabulated z Two significant figures z Where S4UL exceeds a saturation limit S4UL presented (saturation limit presented in brackets) z Read the footnotes z Check the FAQ and errata
21 % pathwa contributions z Presented for each land use Organics presented for each SOM z Note presented differentl where localised effects are considered E.g. nickel z Read the footnotes z Check the FAQ
22 How do I use the LQM/CIEH S4ULs? z Read the introduction z Read the accompaning chapter Detailed explanation of toxicological and phsical-chemical data inputs If appropriate for use at our site use as intervention values z Check the FAQ and errata
23 Using the LQM/CIEH S4ULs z Be clear on the purpose of the S4ULs z Go back to basics are the S4ULs suitable for use at this particular site? Check conceptual site model carefull z Be aware of the assumptions z S4ULs are not SPOSH or clean-up levels
24 What has changed since 2009 publication? z Name change z Format similar More substances More land uses z Substance specific toxicokinetics information removed Still available in 2 nd edition GAC publication Space issues
25 What has changed a few examples: Inorganic mercur z Not included in 2009 GAC publication Mercur Soil Guideline Value published 2009 z Inorganic mercur Tox review identified EFSA papers on risks to public health from mercur in foods; 2011 WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Qualit 4 th edition; 2013 ATSDR addendum to toxicological profile for mercur EFSA opinion considered most appropriate Oral TDI revised downwards
26 What has changed a few examples: Benzo(a)prene z 2 approaches adopted carcinogenic effects workshop feedback both have limitations z Relative potenc approach RPF from USEPA 2010 (draft) z Surrogate marker approach (coal tars) z Assumed sstemic effects Different to C4SLs for BaP z Don t forget non carcinogenic effects
27 Other things to remember z Hardcop publication onl z Read copright notice z Each cop identified b a Publication number unique to the organisation/bod/person purchasing
28 LQM/CIEH S4ULs FAQ & Errata z Erratum published for phenol z Frequentl Asked Questions Available on website z An queries not covered in FAQ please contact administrator@lqm.co.uk
29 Sales z ~ 400 copies sold since publication (Dec 2014) z Consultants, regulators, land owners etc z Majorit are UK sales Europe Australia
30 Purchasing z Via z 20% discount when ordered online using a credit card
31 Contact Details
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