Catalogue no X. Industrial Water Use

Transcription

1 Catalogue no X Industrial Water Use 2005

2 How to obtain more information For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada, visit our website at or contact us by at or by phone from 8:0am to 4:0pm Monday to Friday at: Toll-free telephone (Canada and the United States): Inquiries line National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired Fax line Depository Services Program inquiries line Depository Services Program fax line Statistics Canada national contact centre: Fax line Information to access the product This product, catalogue no X, is available for free in electronic format. To obtain a single issue, visit our website at and select Publications. Standards of service to the public Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt, reliable and courteous manner. To this end, the Agency has developed standards of service which its employees observe in serving its clients. To obtain a copy of these service standards, please contact Statistics Canada toll free at The service standards are also published on under About us > Providing services to Canadians.

3 Statistics Canada Environment Accounts and Statistics Division Industrial Water Use 2005 Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada Minister of Industry, 2008 All rights reserved. The content of this electronic publication may be reproduced, in whole or in part, and by any means, without further permission from Statistics Canada, subject to the following conditions: that it be done solely for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review or newspaper summary, and/or for non-commercial purposes; and that Statistics Canada be fully acknowledged as follows: Source (or Adapted from, if appropriate): Statistics Canada, year of publication, name of product, catalogue number, volume and issue numbers, reference period and page(s). Otherwise, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, by any means electronic, mechanical or photocopy or for any purposes without prior written permission of Licensing Services, Client Services Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KA 0T6. March 2008 Catalogue no X ISSN Frequency: Biennial Ottawa La version française de cette publication est disponible sur demande (n o 6-40-X au catalogue). Note of appreciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long standing partnership between Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, governments and other institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued cooperation and goodwill.

4 User information Symbols The following standard symbols are used in Statistics Canada publications:. not available for any reference period.. not available for a specific reference period... not applicable 0 true zero or a value rounded to zero 0s p r x E F value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded preliminary revised suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act usewithcaution too unreliable to be published Acknowledgements The cooperation of survey respondents was critical to the successful completion of this publication and is gratefully acknowledged. This report was prepared by the Environment Accounts and Statistics Division under the direction of Robert Smith, Director and Bruce Mitchell, Chief, Environmental Protection Accounts and Surveys. Data collection for this survey was conducted by the Operations and Integration Division (Mel Jones, Director) and the Environment Accounts and Statistics Division. Andy Shinnan, Senior Researcher, Environment Protection Accounts and Surveys, managed the survey. Sarah Herring was responsible for the compilation of the report. Major contributions to the project were made at various times by: Emily Cheslock Monique Deschambault Jeffrey Fritzsche Martin Hamel Dean Huckla Laurie Jong Danielle Lalande Hélène Laniel Marc Lavergne Mélanie Payer François Soulard Michel Villeneuve (Environment Canada) 2 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

5 Table of contents Preface 6 Highlights 7 Analysis 8 Manufacturing industries 8 Mining industries 5 Thermal-electric power producers 5 Related products 7 Statistical tables Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, Industry group 9-2 Provinces and territories 9 - Major river basins 20 2 Monthly distribution of water intake in manufacturing industries, by industry group, Water intake in manufacturing industries, by source, Industry group 2-2 Provinces and territories 22 - Major river basins 2-4 Purpose of initial use and industry group 24 4 Intake water treatment in manufacturing industries, by type of treatment and industry group, Water recirculation in manufacturing industries, by purpose and industry group, Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by discharge point, Industry group Provinces and territories Major river basins 26 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

6 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table of contents continued 7 Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by treatment type, Industry group Provinces and territories Major river basins 28 8 Water acquisition costs in manufacturing industries, Industry group Provinces and territories Major river basins 0 9 Total water costs in manufacturing industries, by cost component, Industry group 9-2 Provinces and territories 9- Major river basins 2 0 Selected characteristics of water use in mineral extraction industries, by water use parameter and industry group and region, Water intake in mineral extraction industries, Month and region -2 Source and industry group and region - Type of treatment 4-4 Purpose of initial use and industry group and region 4 2 Wastewater discharge in mineral extraction industries, Final treatment and discharge point Final treatment and region 5 2- Discharge point 6 Water acquisition costs in mineral extraction industries, by industry group and by region, Total water costs in mineral extraction industries, by region, Selected characteristics of water use in thermal-electric power generation, Water intake in thermal-electric power generation, Month and region Source, type of treatment, purpose of initial use 9 7 Water discharge in thermal-electric power generation, by discharge point and final treatment, Water acquisition costs in thermal-electric power generation, Total water costs in thermal-electric power generation, by region, Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

7 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table of contents continued Data quality, concepts and methodology Data sources and methodology 4 Data collection and processing 44 Data quality 45 Variables measured 47 Basic definitions 48 Questionnaire 49 Charts. Water intake in manufacturing, Water costs in manufacturing by cost component, Maps. Major river bassins 4 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 5

8 Preface The Industrial Water Survey, 2005 was conducted by Statistics Canada in partnership with Environment Canada and Health Canada and is the successor to the Water Use Survey last conducted by Statistics Canada for Environment Canada in 996. This survey will be a biennial survey with the next version collecting data for 2007.The survey gathered information on the intake and discharge of water by industrial users in manufacturing industries, mining industries and thermal-electric generating industries. The information collected included the sources of water used, what purposes industry used the water for, whether or not water was re-circulated or re-used, where the water was discharged and what treatments were used for water brought into the establishment and discharged from the establishment. Also, water acquisition costs, treatment costs and operating and maintenance expenses related to water intake and discharge were collected. It is intended that the results of this survey will be used in the development of environmental accounts, aid in tracking the state of stocks of water and contribute to national indicators of water quality.the data were analyzed and results presented at the most detailed geographic level wherever it was possible without compromising confidentiality, i.e. the regional level for thermal-electric generating stations, provincial level for mines and the major river basin level for manufacturing. 6 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

9 Highlights Total water intake in 2005 by all three industry groups surveyed was 40.4 billion cubic metres, with the thermal-electric power producers withdrawing almost 80% of this total, manufacturing industries taking just over 9% of the total and the mining industries responsible for % of the total water intake. Total wastewater discharge in 2005 for the three industry groups was 8.6 billion cubic metres, with the thermal-electric power producers accounting for almost 8% of this total, manufacturing industries discharging just over 7% of the total and the mining industries responsible for almost 2% of the total water discharge. The thermal-electric power producers accounted for about 44% of the 9.6 billion cubic metres of re-circulated water noted in the survey while manufacturing industries recycled about 5% of this total and mining industries the remaining 2%. Total water costs for the three major industry components measured in the survey were $2,808.4 million. Water acquisition costs accounted for $,25.7 million while operating and maintenance costs related to water treatments and the recirculation of water accounted for the balance of the costs. Note: For purposes of the Industrial Water Survey, Thermal-electric Power Generation is defined as Fossil-Fuel Electric Power Generation (NAICS 222) and Nuclear Electric Power Generation (NAICS 22). The mining industries surveyed were the coal mines (NAICS 22), metal mines (NAICS 222) and non-metallic mineral mines (NAICS 22, excluding NAICS sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals mining and quarrying). The manufacturing industries are defined by NAICS. Further information on coverage can be found in the section Concepts, Methodology and Data Quality. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 7

10 Analysis Important note The methodology of the 2005 Industrial Water Survey is described elsewhere in this report. It should be noted that there were significant differences in how this survey was conducted as compared to previous versions of the survey. As a result, one should exercise caution when comparing the results of this survey with the 996 version of the survey or with even earlier versions of the survey. This report refrains from most comparisons. Some of the most prominent methodological differences that may result in problematic comparisons are:. The use of the North American Industrial Classification, 2002 (NAICS) in 2005 as compared to the use of the Standard Industrial Classification in previous versions of the survey. Differences in industry definition may result in a break in the comparability between the different time periods. 2. Samples for the three components of the survey (manufacturing, mining and thermal-electric power producers) were designed separately and independently for the 2005 version of the survey. The thermal-electric power component was a census, while the manufacturing and mining components of the survey used a stratified, simple random sample design. In previous versions of the survey, the samples were selected more subjectively.. An edit and imputation system was designed specifically for the 2005 version of the Industrial Water Survey by Statistics Canada methodologists, allowing for the imputation of missing data and the production of estimates for the total population. In previous versions of the survey, the final estimates were a summation of the sampled data. No attempt was made to estimate for the un-sampled portion of the population. Manufacturing industries Intake water Sources, purpose and treatment Total water intake by Canadian manufacturing industries in 2005 was 7,778.9 million cubic metres. As indicated in Chart, five industries accounted for over 8% of the 2005 total intake. At.4% of the total, the largest quantity of water withdrawal was made by the paper industries. This was followed by the primary metal industries at 20.6% and the food industries at 7.6% of the total water intake by manufacturing industries. Significant withdrawals were also made by the chemical industries at 6.8% of the total and the petroleum and coal industries at 4.7%. 8 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

11 Industrial Water Use 2005 Chart Water intake in manufacturing, 2005 All others 7% Petroleum and coal products 5% Paper industries 2% Chemical industries 7% Food industries 8% Primary metals industries 2% Regionally, Ontario manufacturers accounted for 44.8% of the total water intake while Québec took another 2.6%. Manufacturers in British Columbia had a share of 6.0% of the total water intake by the manufacturing industries and the Prairie Provinces registered 8.7% of the total. Water intake by manufacturers in the Atlantic accounted for 6.9% and the Territories took 0.%. Water drawn by manufacturers from the Great Lakes basin accounted for 7.4% of total water intake while manufacturers withdrew another 6.7% from the St. Lawrence River basin. Water withdrawn from the Pacific Coastal basin represented 5.7% of total water intake and water from the Fraser Lower Mainland basin, another 5.4%. Direct surface freshwater (i.e. rivers, lakes, etc.) withdrawal was the source of 6.% of manufacturers water supply while another 25.5% was delivered from public utilities (many utilities also source their supply from surface freshwater). The paper industries accounted for 49.8% of the surface freshwater withdrawals and the primary metals industries took another.8%. Significant water intake from surface freshwater was also made by the chemical industries (8.4%) and the petroleum and coal industries (5.6%). One-third of all water intake from municipal sources by all manufacturers was taken by the food industries. Water intake in Ontario was responsible for 50.9% of the total surface freshwater withdrawals. Another 20.8% of surface freshwater withdrawals came from Québec and 6.% were withdrawn in British Columbia. Process water was the largest initial use of water, accounting for 52.7% of total intake. Cooling, condensing and steam generation accounted for another 4.7% of intake, with sanitary and other uses making up the balance. The paper industries used 69.% of their water for processing and 28.2% for cooling, condensing and steam generation. The food industries used 6.6% of their water intake for processing. The other three major water-using industries (primary metals, petroleum and coal and chemical) used most of their new water for cooling and condensing purposes. Many manufacturing establishments need to treat their water before it can be used in their processes or for cooling, condensing or steam generation. Often they must use several treatment processes, such as screening, followed by Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 9

12 Industrial Water Use 2005 filtration and chlorination, prior to using the water. This can result in the same intake water being counted several times for each treatment type, which must be kept in mind when examining Table 4. Tables Table group Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Table - Industry group Table -2 Provinces and territories Table - Major river basins Table group Water intake in manufacturing industries, by source, 2005 Table - Industry group Table -2 Provinces and territories Table - Major river basins Table -4 Purpose of initial use and industry group Table 4 Intake water treatment in manufacturing industries, by type of treatment and industry group, 2005 Water recycling In this survey, water recycling is defined as the process of using the same water more than once by the facility. The water must leave a system or sub-system and re-enter it or be used in a different sub-system. The recirculation of water reduces the need for the facility to take in new water. The 2005 survey indicates,57.9 million cubic metres of water was reported as recycled water. The primary metals industry accounted for 6.8% of this volume of recycled water. The paper industries reported recycling volumes representing 29.4% of the total and the petroleum and coal industries had another 5.0% share of the total. The recycle rate for manufacturing (recycled water as a percentage of intake) stood at 4.2%. The petroleum and coal industries indicated a recycle rate of 8.% (the same water may be recycled many times, resulting in recycle rates > 00%) while the primary metals industries had a recycle rate of 77.0%. Tables Table group Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Table - Industry group Table -2 Provinces and territories Table - Major river basins Table 5 Water recirculation in manufacturing industries, by purpose and industry group, 2005 Wastewater Treatments and points of discharge Total water discharged by manufacturers was 6,727.8 million cubic metres. Most of this water (67.7%) was discharged to surface freshwater bodies and to public/municipal sewers (20.2%). The balance was discharged to tidewater, groundwater or other points. The manufacturing industries discharging the most water were the same industries that withdrew the most water (paper industries, primary metals industries, food industries). This also holds true when looking at the distribution of water discharge by geographic location in that the Great Lakes basin, 0 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

13 Industrial Water Use 2005 the St. Lawrence River basin and the Pacific Coastal basin not only saw the largest water withdrawals, but also the largest discharges. Respondents were asked to report only the highest level of treatment their discharge underwent. This was done in order to eliminate double-counting of water that underwent more than one treatment type and to highlight the most advanced treatment. Of the water discharged by manufacturers, 5.% was not treated before being released. The most advanced level of treatment for 9.2% of the total discharge was primary treatment while 7.8% of the total effluent underwent secondary or biological treatment as its highest level of treatment before discharge. Only 7.8% underwent tertiary or advanced treatment. The paper industries accounted for 6.6% of the total water discharged by manufacturers. Almost 94% of their discharge went to surface freshwater bodies and almost 85% of their discharge underwent secondary or biological treatments. The primary metals industries were responsible for another 20.% of the total water discharged by manufacturers, and like the paper industries, almost 94% of their effluent was discharged to surface freshwater bodies. Of this discharge, 42.4% was not treated, 24.9% underwent primary or mechanical treatment and 2.7% underwent either secondary or tertiary treatments. The food industries were the next largest group discharging water, representing 6.% of the total water discharged. Of their discharge, 42.5% went to public utilities, the main reason that 50.5% of their discharge was not treated. Tables Table group Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Table - Industry group Table -2 Provinces and territories Table - Major river basins Table group 6 Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by discharge point, 2005 Table 6- Industry group Table 6-2 Provinces and territories Table 6- Major river basins Table group 7 Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by treatment type, 2005 Table 7- Industry group Table 7-2 Provinces and territories Table 7- Major river basins Water consumption Water consumption (intake minus discharge) provides an indication of the amount of water lost during production, most commonly through the incorporation of water into the products or through evaporation. The consumption rate expresses this consumption as a percentage of water intake. In 2005, water consumption for manufacturing industries was estimated at,05. million cubic metres or.5% of the total water intake of 7,778.9 million cubic metres. The food industries were the largest consumers of water, consuming million cubic metres or 25.9% of the total consumed water. The primary metals industries were the next largest consumers of water at 28.4 million cubic metres or 22.7% of the total consumed water. Chemical industries and paper industries were also significant consumers at 4.% and 2.8% respectively. However, when examining the consumption rates of the different industries, the beverage industries ranked highest. Their consumption of 8. million cubic metres of water resulted in a consumption rate of 50.6%. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

14 Industrial Water Use 2005 Tables Table group Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Table - Industry group Table -2 Provinces and territories Table - Major river basins Water costs Total water costs in the manufacturing industries were $2,57.7 million. The 2005 survey collected cost information on the acquisition of water, on the treatment of intake water before use, on wastewater treatments and on costs related to the recirculation of water and is illustrated in Chart 2. Excluded from the determination of water costs were capital costs or depreciation of self-supplied water acquisition facilities. The costs of water acquisition were defined to include amounts paid to public utilities for water, amounts paid to provincial or territorial ministries for a licence to take water and for operation and maintenance costs incurred in the upkeep of self-supplied water acquisition facilities. The cost of wastewater treatment was defined as the operation and maintenance costs of in-house treatment, though it may include sewer surcharges by the public utilities. Chart 2 Water costs in manufacturing by cost component, 2005 Recirculation % Discharge treatment 29% Acquisition 49% Intake treatment % The cost of water acquisition in 2005 was $,240.5 million. The largest portion of the acquisition costs was attributable to operation and maintenance costs, which accounted for 7.4% of the total costs. Payments to public utilities were responsible for another 26.4% of the total acquisition costs while licensing fees contributed only 0.2% of the total. At the national level, water acquisition was responsible for 48.9% of the total water costs. However, acquisition costs in Ontario accounted for 64.5% of total water costs in that province. This proportion was significantly higher 2 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

15 Industrial Water Use 2005 than the other provinces. If the cost data for Ontario is removed, the ratio of acquisition costs to total water costs in manufacturing industries for the rest of the country was only 24.0%. Costs for treatment of intake water before it was used totaled $289.9 million. Over 8% of these costs were borne by the four dominant users of water, with the petroleum and coal industries paying 29.4% of the total, paper industries at 2.8%, chemical industries at 6.6% and primary metal industries spending.8% of the total costs for treatment of intake water. The costs related to the recirculation of water were $275.5 million in The paper industries spent $78.9 million on the recirculation of water and the primary metals industries spent $47.5 million. The total 2005 cost of wastewater treatment was $7.9 million. Of this total, the paper industries spent $265.2 million or 6.2% of the total. The primary metals industries spent $69.4 million or 9.5% of the total and the food industries accounted for $6. million or 8.4% of the total spent on the treatment of water discharge. The chemical industries spent $56.4 million or 7.7% of the total. Tables Table group 8 Water acquisition costs in manufacturing industries, 2005 Table 8- Industry group Table 8-2 Provinces and territories Table 8- Major river basins Table group 9 Total water costs in manufacturing industries, by cost component, 2005 Table 9- Industry group Table 9-2 Provinces and Territories Table 9- Major river basins Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

16 Industrial Water Use 2005 Map Major river bassins " 5 Whitehorse 7 Yellowknife 8 Iqaluit 6 Victoria Vancouver " " 2 4 " 6 " Calgary Edmonton Scale : ,000 km " 5 Regina 2 4 " Winnipeg 7 Ottawa 9 Québec " " " " 2 Toronto 2 Montréal " 24 " " 25 Halifax Fredericton St. John s " Charlottetown River basins. Pacific Coastal 2. Fraser - Lower Mainland. Okanagan - Similkameen 4. Columbia 5. Yukon 6. Peace - Athabasca 7. Lower Mackenzie 8. Arctic Coast - Islands 9. Missouri 0. North Saskatchewan. South Saskatchewan 2. Assiniboine - Red. Winnipeg 4. Lower Saskatchewan - Nelson 5. Churchill 6. Keewatin - Southern Baffin Island 7. Northern Ontario 8. Northern Quebec 9. Great Lakes 20. Ottawa 2. St. Lawrence 22. North Shore - Gaspé 2. Saint John - St. Croix 24. Maritime Coastal 25. Newfoundland - Labrador Source(s): Pearse, P.H., F. Bertrand and J.W. MacLaren, 985, Currents of Change: Final Report of the Inquiry on Federal Water Policy, Environment Canada, Ottawa. Statistics Canada, Environment Accounts and Statistics Division, Spatial Environmental Information System. 4 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

17 Industrial Water Use 2005 Mining industries Total water intake by the mining industries surveyed in 2005 was million cubic metres, with most of this water (75.5%) being withdrawn by the metal mines. When this volume of intake water is combined with the 2,057.7 million cubic metres of water recycled by the mining industries, gross water use was 2,56.6 million cubic metres. The recycle rate for the mining industries was 448.4%. Total discharge was 60.6 million cubic metres of water. This quantity of water is larger than the volume of intake because of the necessity for many operators to de-water their mines of groundwater in order to carry out their operations. As a result, water consumption is not calculated as the arithmetic formula to calculate consumption (discharge minus intake) would yield a negative number. The source for most of the water intake by the mining industries (76.2%) was self-supplied surface freshwater. Another 9.2% of the intake was sourced from groundwater. Process water, at 82.% of the total intake, was the major use for water in the mining industries. Water used for cooling, condensing and steam only accounted for 8.2% of the intake water. Sanitary service and other uses accounted for the balance of the intake. Of the 60.6 million cubic metres of wastewater effluent, 7.4% was discharged to surface freshwater bodies. Another 5.8% was sent to tailing ponds with most of that volume (76.2%) originating with the metal mines. Discharge to groundwater accounted for 8.6% of total discharge. Of the total discharge, 60.9% was not treated before leaving the operation. Primary or mechanical treatment was the highest level of treatment for 0.% of the water discharged by the mining operations. Of the remaining discharges, 4.% underwent secondary or biological treatments and 4.7% tertiary or advanced. Total costs for water in the mining industries were $7.5 million. Water acquisition accounted for 25.9% of these costs and costs associated with the recirculation of water were responsible for another 6.4% of the total cost. Treatment costs for intake water were.9% of the total and treatment of effluent was 25.8% of the total. Tables Table 0 Selected characteristics of water use in mineral extraction industries, by water use parameter and industry group and region, 2005 Table group Water intake in mineral extraction industries, 2005 Table - Month and region Table -2 Source and industry group and region Table - Type of treatment Table -4 Purpose of initial use and industry group and region Table group 2 Wastewater discharge in mineral extraction industries, 2005 Table 2- Final treatment and discharge point Table 2-2 Final treatment and region Table 2- Discharge point Table Water acquisition costs in mineral extraction industries, by industry group and by region, 2005 Table 4 Total water costs in mineral extraction industries, by region, 2005 Table 5 Selected characteristics of water use in thermal-electric power generation, 2005 Thermal-electric power producers Producers of thermal-electric power were the largest users of water in the industrial sectors covered by this survey. Total water withdrawals were 2,7.5 million cubic metres which, when combined with recycled volumes of 4,207. million cubic metres of water, resulted in gross water use of 6,44.8 million cubic metres of water. Of Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 5

18 Industrial Water Use 2005 the total water intake, 92.% came from surface freshwater bodies and 98.% of the intake was used for cooling, condensing and steam. Total discharge of water was,247. million cubic metres, of which 96.% went to surface freshwater bodies. Most of this water (84.5%) was not treated before discharge. Total costs of water for the thermal-electric power generators were $99.2 million with 4.% of these costs used for the acquisition of the water. Treatment of intake water before use accounted for 4.9% of the total costs and treatment of water before discharge another 9.% of the total costs. Costs related to the recirculation of water were responsible for the remaining 5.0% of the costs. Tables Table group Selected characteristics of water use in thermal-electric power generation, 2005 Table - Industry group Table -2 Provinces and territories Table - Major river basins Table group 6 Water intake in thermal-electric power generation, 2005 Table 6- Month and region Table 6-2 Source, type of treatment, purpose of initial use Table 7 Water discharge in thermal-electric power generation, by discharge point and final treatment, 2005 Table 8 Water acquisition costs in thermal-electric power generation, 2005 Table 9 Total water costs in thermal-electric power generation, by region, Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

19 Related products Selected publications from Statistics Canada -526-X X 6-20-X 6-25-X 6F0006X Households and the Environment EnviroStats Human Activity and the Environment: Annual Statistics Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators Environmental Protection Expenditures in the Business Sector Selected surveys from Statistics Canada 520 Industrial Water Survey Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 7

20 Statistical tables

21 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table - Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Industry group Intake Recycle Recycle rate Gross Discharge Consumption Consumption water use 2 rate 4 millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % Food,66.8 E B.5.7, ,094. E Beverage and tobacco 60.6 E A D Textile mills 9.8 D 0..0 E D Textile products x x 0.4 D 0.0 x x x x x x Wood 24.2 E.6 x x x x x 92.8 E Paper 2,598. A C , ,464.0 A Petroleum and coal 64.8 C D C Chemicals 52.5 C 6.8 x x x x x 82.6 C Plastics and rubber x x x x x x x x x x Non-metallic minerals x x x x x x x x x x Primary metals,606.2 D 20.6,27.4 E , ,67.9 D Fabricated metals x x x x x x x x x x x x Machinery x x x x x x x x x x x x Transportation equipment 48.7 E A E Miscellaneous x x x x x x x x x x x 2.5 Others 5 x x x x x x x x x x x x Total 7,778.9 B 00.0,57.9 C , ,727.8 B 00.0, Recycle rate = Amount of recycled water as a percent of intake. The same water can leave a sub-system and re-enter it or is used in another sub-system many times, resulting in a recycle rate > 00%. 2. Gross water use = Intake + Recycle.. Water consumption = Intake - Discharge. 4. Consumption rate = Consumption as a percentage of Intake. 5. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. Table -2 Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Provinces and territories Intake Recycle Recycle rate Gross water use 2 Discharge Consumption Consumption rate 4 millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % Newfoundland and Labrador x x x x 4.6 x x 59.4 C 2.4 x x 9.9 Prince Edward Island x x x x x x x Nova Scotia x x x x 22.4 x x x x x x 2.0 New Brunswick C A C Atlantic 57.7 B B B Quebec,8. D D , ,679. D Ontario,486.8 C 44.8,98.5 D , ,067.2 C Manitoba x x 20. E 0.6 x x x x x x x 4.9 Saskatchewan x x 6.4 A 0.2 x x x 58.6 C 0.9 x x 40.8 Alberta 49.7 C E C Prairies D E , x x x x x British Columbia,24.6 C E , ,07.8 C Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut 4.5 E x x x x x Canada 7,778.9 B 00.0,57.9 C , ,727.8 B 00.0, Recycle rate = Amount of recycled water as a percent of intake. The same water can leave a sub-system and re-enter it or is used in another sub-system many times, resulting in a recycle rate > 00%. 2. Gross water use = Intake + Recycle.. Water consumption = Intake - Discharge. 4. Consumption rate = Consumption as a percentage of Intake. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 9

22 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table - Characteristics of water use in manufacturing industries, by water use parameter, 2005 Major river basins Intake Recycle Recycle rate Gross Discharge Consumption Consumption water use 2 rate 4 millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % millions of cubic metres % Pacific coastal 445. C D C Fraser - Lower Mainland 46.7 D D D Okanagan - Similkameen. D E D Columbia x x x x 50.5 x x x x x Yukon 0.9 A A x Peace - Athabasca 94.4 C D C Lower Mackenzie x x x x 2.9 x x 0. C 0.0 x x 96.0 Arctic Coast - Islands x x x x x x Missouri x x x x x x North Saskatchewan x x x x A 0.8 x x 44.7 South Saskatchewan x x x x 7.6 x x.8 D 0.5 x x 69.7 Assiniboine - Red 48.4 D D D Winnipeg x x x x 4.6 x x x x x Lower Saskatchewan - Nelson x x x x 5.2 x x x x x Churchill x x x x 2.0 x x x x x Keewatin - Southern Baffin x x x x x x Northern Ontario x x x x 7. x x x x.6 0. x Northern Quebec x x x x 6.4 x x x x x Great Lakes 2,907.7 D 7.4,64. D , ,495.0 D Ottawa 62.5 D D D St. Lawrence,299.8 D D , ,242.2 D NorthShore-Gaspé B C B Saint John - St. Croix x x x x D 2.0 x x.2 Maritime Coastal 07.2 D C C Newfoundland - Labrador x x x x C 2.4 x x 9.9 Total 7,778.9 B 00.0,57.9 C , ,727.8 B 00.0, Recycle rate = Recycle as a % of Intake. The same water can leave a sub-system and re-enter it or is used in another sub-system many times, resulting inarecyclerate>00% 2. Gross water use = Intake + Recycle.. Water consumption = Intake - Discharge. 4. Consumption rate = Consumption as a percentage of Intake. Table 2 Monthly distribution of water intake in manufacturing industries, by industry group, 2005 January February March April May June July August September October November December millions of cubic metres Food 90.4 E 89. E 95.0 E 00.8 E 06.8 E 6.7 E.6 E 0.7 E 2.2 E 2.6 E 9.0 E 08.8 E Beverage and tobacco 2. E 2.4 E 2.8 E.5 E 4.0 E 4.8 E.4 E 4.4 E 4. E.4 E.0 E 2.6 E Textile mills.4 D.4 D.6 D.7 D.7 D.6 D.6 D.9 D.9 D.9 D.8 D. D Textile products x x x x x x x x x x x x Wood 0.8 D 0.0 D 0.0 E 0.2 D 0.7 E 0.7 E 0.5 E 0.9 E 0.5 E 0. E 0. E 9.6 E Paper 25.5 A A A 25.6 A 229. A A A 2.0 A A 20.0 A 8. A 79.6 B Petroleum and coal 26. B 25.4 C 27.4 C 26.0 C 27.5 C 28.8 C 7. C 7. C 5.4 C.7 C 0. C 0.0 B Chemicals 4.2 C 8.8 C 42.4 C 42. C 4.9 B 47. B 49.4 B 50.0 C 46.2 C 47.5 C 4.0 C 40.6 B Plastics and rubber x x x x x x x x x x x x Non-metallic minerals x x x x x 7.7E 9.0 E x 7.6E x x x Primary metals 25.6 D 20.0 D 28.7 D 26.2 D 9.6 D 4. D 45.2 D 46.9 D 7.2 D 8.4 D 0.8 D 24.4 D Fabricated metals x x x x x x x x x x x x Machinery x x x x x x x x x x x x Transportation equipment 4.2 E.6 E 4.0 E.7 E.8 E.9 E x x x 4.0 E.8 E.4 E Miscellaneous x x x x x x x x x x x x Others x x x x x x x x x x x x Total 65.0 B 59. B 62.6 B 60.0 B 65. B 698. B B B B 65. B B 58.2 B. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. 20 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

23 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table - Water intake in manufacturing industries, by source, 2005 Industry group Public supplied municipal Freshwater source Surface water Self-supplied Ground water Other Ground water Saline water source Self-supplied Tidewater Other Total of intake millions of cubic metres Food 66.6 E 96. E x x x x x,66.8 E Beverage and tobacco x 0. D x x E Textile mills 9.4 D x x D Textile products x x x x Wood x x x 2. E E Paper.4 D 2,75.8 A 70. D x 0.0 x 0.0 2,598. A Petroleum and coal x C x.0d x x x 64.8 C Chemicals x B x x 4.7 C x x 52.5 C Plastics and rubber x x x x Non-metallic minerals x 2.7 E x x x x Primary metals 74.6 D,54.2 D x 2.2 E 0.0 x 0.0,606.2 D Fabricated metals x x x x x Machinery 7. E x x x Transportation equipment x x x x E Miscellaneous x 0.0 x x x Others x x x 0.0 x x Total,980.0 D 4,767.0 B x x x 08.8 B 0.8 D 7,778.9 B Percentage of total intake x x x percent. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 2

24 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table -2 Water intake in manufacturing industries, by source, 2005 Provinces and territories Public supplied municipal Freshwater source Surface water Self-supplied Ground water Other Ground water Saline water source Self-supplied Tidewater Other Total of intake millions of cubic metres Newfoundland and Labrador x x x x 0.0 x Prince Edward Island x 0.0 x x Nova Scotia x x 2.4 D x x x x x New Brunswick 48.7 D.7 D 0.8 E x 0.0 x x C Atlantic 77.0 B x.7 E x x 00.6 B 0.6 D 57.7 B Quebec 482. D B x x x x 0.0,8.D Ontario x 2,428.0 C x 0.7 D x ,486.8 C Manitoba x x x x x x Saskatchewan x x 4.0 A x x 0.0 x 98.9D Alberta x 27.5 C 5.6 C 2.8 D x C Prairies 6.9 E 27. B x x x 0.0 x D British Columbia x B 9.8 D.8 D x x 0.0,24.6 C Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut 4. E x x x E Canada,980.0 D 4,767.0 B x x x 08.8 B 0.8 D 7,778.9 B Percentage of total intake x x x.4 x 00.0 percent 22 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

25 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table - Water intake in manufacturing industries, by source, 2005 Major river basins Public supplied municipal Freshwater source Surface water Self-supplied Ground water Other Ground water Saline water source Self-supplied Tidewater Other Total of intake millions of cubic metres Pacific coastal 8.7 D 57.9 C x x x x C Fraser - Lower Mainland x 22.8 D 46.2 E x 0.0 x D Okanagan - Similkameen 0.9 D x x x D Columbia x 8.2 D 2.6 E x x Yukon x 0.0 x x A Peace - Athabasca 2.0 B 55. D x x x C Lower Mackenzie x x x x x Arctic Coast - Islands x x Missouri x x North Saskatchewan x 7.4 A 0.4 E 0.5 E x South Saskatchewan x 40.9 C 2.7 D x x Assiniboine - Red 5.0 E x 6.0 D x x 0.0 x 48.4 D Winnipeg x x x x x Lower Saskatchewan - Nelson x x x x x Churchill x x x x x x Keewatin - Southern Baffin 0.0 x x Northern Ontario.2 D x x x x Northern Quebec.6 B x x x Great Lakes x,99.5 D x.9 D x ,907.7D Ottawa 20.0 D 25.8 C x x x D St. Lawrence 70. D 59. C x x x ,299.8 D North Shore - Gaspé 27.7 A 76.6 B 0.7 E x 0.0 x B Saint John - St. Croix 70.5 E 56. D.5 C x 0.0 x x x Maritime Coastal x 25.6 D x x x x x 07.2 D Newfoundland - Labrador x x 0.4 B x 0.0 x Total,980.0 D 4,767.0 B x x x 08.8 B 0.8 D 7,778.9 B Percentage of total intake x x x percent Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 2

26 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table -4 Water intake in manufacturing industries, by source, 2005 Purpose of initial use and industry group Process water Cooling, condensing and steam Sanitary service and domestic use Other Total intake millions of cubic metres Food E x x x,66.8 E Beverage and tobacco x 46. E 6.4 B x 60.6 E Textile mills 4.5 E 2. D.0 E D Textile products x 0.8 D x x x Wood 60. D x x 0.8 E 24.2 E Paper,800.4 A 7.9 B 2. B 42.8 D 2,598. A Petroleum and coal 42.5 C 7.5 C x x 64.8 C Chemicals 92.0 E 42.4 B x x 52.5 C Plastics and rubber x 7.8 D x x x Non-metallic minerals x 24.8 D x 0.7 E x Primary metals 58.8 D 89.6 D x x D Fabricated metals x 2.2 D x x x Machinery x x x 0.0 x Transportation equipment 5.0 D x 2.6 E x 48.7 E Miscellaneous.0 D x x x x Others x x x x x Total 4,0.0 B 2,696.4 B D 4.4 E 7,778.8 B Percentage of total intake percent. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. Table 4 Intake water treatment in manufacturing industries, by type of treatment and industry group, 2005 Screening Filtration Chlorination and disinfection Corrosion and slime control Alkalinity control Hardness Coagulation and Floculation Other millions of cubic metres Food 90.5 E x x x x x 8.4 D x Beverage and tobacco x 2.8 A x x.2 B x x x Textile mills x x x x x 6.2 D 0.0 x Textile products 0.0 x x x x 0.7 E 0.0 x Wood x x 0.7 E 2.4 E.2 E x x x Paper,86.6 B B 69.9 C 90.7 B 8.8 C 47.9 C 586 B 58.6 C Petroleum and coal 9.6 D 28.7 C 4.8 C 2.9 C 4.4 B 40.8 C 26. D 0. D Chemicals 0. C 75.0 B 96.2 C 26.7 C 20.2 B 44. A 5. A 28. D Plastics and rubber x x 0.9 E x. D.6 E 0.7 E 0.6 E Non-metallic minerals x 0.4 B x x x x x x Primary metals,95.7 D 48.5 E 8.9 E 8.0 E x x x 6.9E Fabricated metals x x x x x x x x Machinery x x x x x 0. E 0.0 x Transportation equipment 0.0 x x x x x 0.0 x Miscellaneous 0.0 x 0.0 x x 0.2 E 0.0 x Others x x x x x x Total,522.4 C,469.0 C 2,067.9 C x x E B 204. D Percentage of total intake x x percent. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. 24 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

27 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table 5 Water recirculation in manufacturing industries, by purpose and industry group, 2005 Process water Cooling, condensing and steam Other Total recirculation millions of cubic metres Food 4. D 6.9 A B Beverage and tobacco x.8 B x 2.5 A Textile mills x x x.0 E Textile products x x D Wood x x x x Paper D C 5.2 E C Petroleum and coal x D x D Chemicals 5.8 A x x x Plastics and rubber x 24.6 E x x Non-metallic minerals x x x x Primary metals E x x,27.4 E Fabricated metals x x 0.0 x Machinery x x x x Transportation equipment x x A Miscellaneous x x 0.0 x Others x x 0.0 x Total,558.9 D,789.9 C 9.2 D,57.9 C Percentage of total recirculation percent. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. Table 6- Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by discharge point, 2005 Industry group Public and municipal utilities Surface water bodies Ground water Other Total discharge Percentage of total discharge millions of cubic metres % Food E 20.6 E x x,094. E 6. Beverage and tobacco 46.4 B x x x 79.4 D.2 Textile mills x x x x 6.6 D 0.2 Textile products x 0.0 x x x x Wood x x 2.0 E x 92.7 E.4 Paper 20.2 D 2,2.6 A x x 2,464.0 A 6.6 Petroleum and coal x D 0.0 x 22.5 C 4.8 Chemicals x 20.7 C x.0 D 82.6 C 5.7 Plastics and rubber x 8.5 E x x x x Non-metallic minerals x 22. D 6.7 D x x x Primary metals x,285.2 D x x,67.9 D 20. Fabricated metals x x x x x x Machinery x x x x x x Transportation equipment x 6.6 D x x 46.9 E 0.7 Miscellaneous x x x x Others x x x x x x Total,58.8 E 4,556.9 B x x 6,727.8 B 00.0 Percentage of total discharge x x 00.0 percent. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 25

28 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table 6-2 Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by discharge point, 2005 Provinces and territories Public and municipal utilities Surface water bodies Ground water Other Total discharge Percentage of total discharge millions of cubic metres % Newfoundland and Labrador x x 0.0 x 59.4 C 2.4 Prince Edward Island x 0.0 x x x x Nova Scotia x x x x x x New Brunswick x 7.2 D x 2. E 20.9 C.0 Atlantic 2.2 B 26.6 C 4. E 9.4 B B Quebec 85.8 D B x x,679. D 25.0 Ontario x 2,4. C x x,067.2 C 45.6 Manitoba x x x x x x Saskatchewan x x x x 58.6 C 0.9 Alberta 28. B 77.0 C x x 220. C. Prairies 60.8 C C x 7.9 E x British Columbia 82.5 E D.0 C 5.5 E,07.8 C 5.9 Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut x 0.0 x x x x Canada,58.8 E 4,556.9 B x x 6,727.8 B 00.0 Percentage of total discharge x x 00.0 percent Table 6- Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by discharge point, 2005 Major river basins Public and municipal utilities Surface water bodies Ground water Other Total discharge Percentage of total discharge millions of cubic metres % Pacific coastal 9. D 79.8 C x x C 6.0 Fraser - Lower Mainland x 2.2 D x x 07.2 D 4.6 Okanagan - Similkameen 0.6 E x x x 0.7 D 0.0 Columbia x 24.2 E x x x x Yukon x 0.0 x x 0.9 A 0.0 Peace - Athabasca.0 B 55. c x x 68. C 2.5 Lower Mackenzie 0.0 x x x 0. C 0.0 Arctic Coast - Islands x x x Missouri 0.0 x x x North Saskatchewan 0. B x 0.0 x 5.5 A 0.8 South Saskatchewan 9.2 D 4. C x x.8 D 0.5 Assiniboine - Red 24.7 D x x 0. D 28.8 D 0.4 Winnipeg x x x x x x Lower Saskatchewan - Nelson x x x x x x Churchill x x x x x x Keewatin - Southern Baffin x 0.0 x x Northern Ontario 2.0 D x x x x x Northern Quebec 0.7 D x x x x x Great Lakes x,72.8 D x x 2,495.0 D 7. Ottawa x 95. C x x. D 5.0 St. Lawrence 8.4 D 59.7 C x x,242.2 D 8.5 North Shore - Gaspé 27.5 C 60.4 B x x 96.0 B 2.9 Saint John - St. Croix.7 B 24. D x x 4.6 D 2.0 Maritime Coastal 5. D 0. D x x 24.6 C.2 Newfoundland - Labrador x x D 59.4 C 2.4 Total,58.8 E 4,556.9 B x x 6,727.8 B Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

29 Industrial Water Use 2005 Table 7- Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by treatment type, 2005 Industry group Water not treated before discharge Primary or mechanical Secondary or biological Tertiary or advanced millions of cubic metres Food E x x x Beverage and tobacco 7.6 D x x x Textile mills 0. E 6.2 D x x Textile products x x x 0.0 Wood 0.6 E x x x Paper C x 2,084.4 A x Petroleum and coal.6 E 22.8 C 4.2 C 6.9 D Chemicals D 59.8 D 27.7 D 7.7 A Plastics and rubber 7. E x x x Non-metallic minerals x.9 D x x Primary metals D 40.4 E x x Fabricated metals x x x 0.8 E Machinery x 0. E x 0.2 D Transportation equipment x 4.7 C x 9. E Miscellaneous x x x x Others x x x x Total 2,64.7 C,292. D 2,544. B E Percentage of total discharge percent. Others - amalgamation of the following industry groups (-digit NAICS): Clothing, Leather, Printing, Computers and electronic products, Electrical equipment, appliances and components and Furniture. Table 7-2 Water discharge in manufacturing industries, by treatment type, 2005 Provinces and territories Water not treated before discharge Primary or mechanical Secondary or biological Tertiary or advanced millions of cubic metres Newfoundland and Labrador 2.2 B x x x Prince Edward Island x x 0.0 x Nova Scotia x x x x New Brunswick 40.2 D x 09.7 C x Atlantic 87.9 B x 7.9 B x Quebec 69.2 E x D x Ontario,09.5 D x 87.2 C x Manitoba.9 D x x 0. B Saskatchewan x 2.2 D x 0.0 Alberta 50.4 C x 58.2 C x Prairies x x C x British Columbia E x 62.7 B x Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut x x Canada 2,64.7 C,292. D 2,544. B E Percentage of total discharge percent Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 27