ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE POLLUTION PREVENTION BRANCH

Transcription

1 CASE STUDY: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING USING REMOTE OPTICAL SENSING [OP-FTIR] TECHNOLOGY AT THE OKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma Freddie E. Hall, Jr., PhD Chemical Engineer ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE POLLUTION PREVENTION BRANCH NDIA03-Paper 1 #1

2 INVESTIGATION OVERVIEW Outline Introduction Project Overview Distinctive Elements of Effort Air Emission Model Air Dispersion Model Coupled Model Validation / Calibration Process Coupled Model Results Comparison to Remote Optical Monitoring System Application to Risk Assessment Summary and Conclusions 2

3 TINKER AFB, OKLAHOMA Introduction Tinker AFB covers 5,031 acres Only 200 acres are undeveloped 765 Facilities 15.3M feet 2 of industrial operations Three Creek Systems 700-plus Air Emission Sources 200 Underground Storage Tanks 11-Miles Industrial Wastewater Lines Three Wastewater Treatment Plants 36 Restoration Sites Provides Logistics Support to USAF Weapon Systems B-1, B-52, E-3 Sentry, C/KC-135 aircraft 3

4 TINKER AFB, OKLAHOMA Introduction [CONTD] Tinker AFB performs Depot Level Maintenance Process Assessment identified four Primary Processes Depainting, Painting, Electroplating & Cleaning Majority of processes discharge to an on-base treatment facility Regulatory Requirement to quantify Air Emissions from Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facility [IWTF] Toxic Release Inventory and Air Emission Inventory Clean Air Act Title V permit requires source & emission information POTW NESHAP requirement Efforts focus on Methylene Chloride and Phenol Both are CAA Title III Listed Hazardous Air Pollutants [HAPs] VOC and semi-voc examples These chemicals account for majority of purchases / releases 4

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Project Overview Investigation will be presented in four Major Tasks Coupling of Emission and Dispersion Models represents a Cost-Effective and Environmentally-Responsible Approach Coupling refers to sequential use of models [output is input] Meet impact predictions, regulatory reporting requirements, and pollution prevention needs Estimate emissions from IWTP process units WATER8 air emission model developed by EPA Estimate atmospheric dispersion concentrations ISC-ST3 air dispersion model designed by EPA Validate predictive accuracy of the coupled model Comparison of coupled model predictions to field data Comparison of coupled model predictions to OP-FTIR data Coupled Model Demonstrate potential applications to include Risk Assessment 5

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Uniqueness of Investigation Distinctive Elements of Investigation Combined use of WATER8 and ISC-ST3 Literature directed to specific applications Coupled model compared to MAAC Literature limited to single emission sources Literature focused at municipal wastewater treatment Detail and size of periodic canister data Investigation of three remote optical paths Multiple retroreflectors that bend optical path Evaluation of chemical depainting agents Coupled model used in risk assessment Completeness and comparative analysis 6

7 IWTP PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM Primary, Secondary, & Tertiary Treatment OIL-WATER SEPARATOR STORAGE TANK STORAGE TANK INFLUENT 90% LIFT STATION 2 OWD SOLIDS CONTACT CLARIFIER OIL-WATER SEPARATOR EQUALIZATION BASIN PUMP STATION INFLUENT 10% STRIPPING WASTE CLARIFIER EQUALIZATION BASIN MIXING BASINS SOLIDS CONTACT CLARIFIER D1-D2 DS D1 BLENDING TANK AERATION BASINS PRESSURE FILTERS D2 BLENDING TANK EFFLUENT PRESSURE FILTERS PUMP STATION FINAL CLARIFIER FINAL CLARIFIER 7

8 COUPLED MODEL OUTPUT Maximum Methylene Chloride Concentrations, PPB Y-Coordinate, South to North PC OW-N OWD OW-S D1 D2 ST-W ST-E EQ-N EQ-S FENCELINE MIX SCCN BIO SCCS SC-N 1800 SC-S X-Coordinate, West to East 8

9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Location of Periodic Canister Data A13 A12 RCRA Facility Investigation Data [A1-A13] 1993 Battelle Study [A1, A2, A3] OC-ALC Bioenvironmental Data [A1, A2, A3] Coupled Model Predictions [ ] Y-Coordinate, South to North A PC OW-N OWD FENCELINE A1 A11 A2 A3 OW-S D1 D2 ST-W EQ-N EQ-S ST-E MIX SCCN BIO SCCS A4 SC-N A A9 SC-S 1750 A6 A A X-Coordinate, West to East 9

10 OPEN PATH MONITORING SYSTEM Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy Open-Path Monitoring System measures Atmospheric Emissions Directing infrared optical energy along physical path that crosses downwind of emission source plume OP-FTIR system used for environmental monitoring Pollutants modify Spectral Signal Allows for determination of identity and quantity of pollutants OC-ALC Application consist of OP-FTIR Spectrometer Operated in monostatic configuration Designed to measure atmospheric dispersion concentrations along five distinct optical paths Primarily concerned with fenceline concentrations [P 1, P 2, P 3 ] System installed in 1995 and operational roughly three months 36 percent of collected FTIR data considered unusable 10

11 OPEN PATH MONITORING SYSTEM Remote OP-FTIR Optical Monitoring Pathways P 1 A1 A11 A2 A3 P 2 PC OW-N ST-W ST-E P4 OW-S D1 P 5 EQ-N EQ-S B62516 MIX SCC-N P 3 A4 D2 BIO SCC-S A5 SC-N SC-S 11

12 COUPLED MODEL OUTPUT Maximum Methylene Chloride Concentrations, PPB Y-Coordinate, South to North PC OW-N OWD OW-S D1 D2 ST-W ST-E EQ-N EQ-S FENCELINE MIX SCCN BIO SCCS SC-N 1800 SC-S X-Coordinate, West to East 12

13 OPM SYSTEM COMPARISON Methylene Chloride--Optical Path P1 OPM Path 1 Methylene Chloride Concentration, PPBV 100,000 10,000 1, Coupled Model Predictions [ ] FTIR Predictions RCRA Facility Investigation [A1, A11, A2] 1993 Battelle Study [A1 & A2] OC-ALC Bioenvironmental Data [A1 & A2] X-axis Coordinates (West to East Direction), meters 13

14 OPM SYSTEM COMPARISON Methylene Chloride--Optical Path P2 10,000 Coupled Model Predictions [ ] FTIR Predictions RCRA Facility Investigation [A3] OPM Path 2 Methylene Chloride Concentration, PPBV 1, Battelle Study [A3] OC-ALC Bioenvironmental Data [A3] X-axis Coordinates (West to East Direction), meters 14

15 OPM SYSTEM COMPARISON Methylene Chloride--Optical Path P3 10,000 Coupled Model Predictions [ ] FTIR Predictions RCRA Facility Investigation [A4 & A5] OPM Path 3 Methylene Chloride Concentration, PPBV 1, Y-axis Coordinates (South to North Direction), meters 15

16 COUPLED MODEL OUTPUT Maximum Phenol Concentrations, PPB Y-Coordinate, South to North PC OW-N OWD OW-S D1 D2 ST-W ST-E EQ-N EQ-S FENCELINE MIX SCCN BIO SCCS SC-N 1800 SC-S X-Coordinate, West to East 16

17 OPM SYSTEM COMPARISON Phenol--Optical Path P1 OPM Path 1 Average Phenol Concentration, PPBV 100,000 10,000 1, Coupled Model Predictions [ ] FTIR Predictions RCRA Facility Investigation [A1, A11, A2] 1993 Battelle Study [A1 & A2] OC-ALC Bioenvironmental Data [A1 & A2] X-axis Coordinates (West to East Direction), meters 17

18 OPM SYSTEM COMPARISON Phenol--Optical Path P2 10,000 1,000 Coupled Model Predictions [ ] FTIR Predictions RCRA Facility Investigation [A3] 1993 Battelle Study [A3] OC-ALC Bioenvironmental Data [A3] OPM Path 2 Phenol Concentration, PPBV X-axis Coordinates (West to East Direction), meters 18

19 OPM SYSTEM COMPARISON Phenol--Optical Path P3 10,000 Coupled Model Predictions [ ] FTIR Predictions RCRA Facility Investigation [A4 & A5] 1,000 OPM Path 3 Phenol Concentration, PPBV Y-axis Coordinates (South to North Direction), meters 19

20 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Summary & Conclusions OP-FTIR Ineffective Method of Predicting Field Data FTIR over-predicts field data along all three optical paths FTIR data gathered over 12 months FTIR over-predicts by orders of magnitude No visual trends for both components Clustering of data along optical path Reliability of Technology Three months worth of data over five years 36% of data considered unusable Potential Weaknesses Poor maintenance and oversight Weather data equipment and software No daily background spectra Significant water vapor impacts 20

21 CASE STUDY: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING USING REMOTE OPTICAL SENSING [OP-FTIR] TECHNOLOGY AT THE OKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma Freddie E. Hall, Jr. OC-ALC/EMPD 7701 Arnold Street, Suite 204 Tinker AFB OK COM: DSN: af.mil 21