What does a hydro do? Why micro-hydro?

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1 What does a hydro do? uses the energy in flowing water to turn a turbine and produce electricity provides free energy from an unused resource improves the climate by reducing CO 2 emissions complements other forms of renewable energy (e.g. heat pumps) Why micro-hydro? can be done on a local scale reduces losses inherent in National Grid distribution has excellent payback period 21/02/2009 1

2 Parts of a hydro scheme Intake Elevation 300m Penstock fall = 50 in, say, 300 metres Watercourse Elevation 250m Turbine (generates electricity) Water returned here 21/02/2009 2

3 How it works Savings on electricity bill = TURBINE 21/02/2009 Diagram by Good Energy 3

4 Too good to be true? Saves tons of CO 2 emissions a year Pays back installation costs within 5 years Earns a year tax free for life 21/02/2009 4

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6 High Appin hydro outcome to date (2 years 1 month) CAPITAL COSTS 16,000 INCOME (no tax) 5,411 Reduction of electricity bills 1,420 Full recovery of costs: CO 2 emissions reduced by: within 5 years 10 tons/year 21/02/2009 6

7 SURVEYS IN THE AREA SO FAR 21/02/2009 7

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9 Off-grid scheme sizing Catchment (km 2 ) 0.66 Rainfall (mm/annum) 1600 Head (m) 43 % Abstraction above Q90 25% Design flow (l/s) 5 Penstock length (m) 340 Penstock external diameter (mm) /pressure rating (bar) 90/ PN 5 Cable length (m) 10 Cable size (mm 2 ) 3 Design capacity 1.2kW Mean output 0.9kW Cable and penstock cost estimate incl. laying ( 000s) 3.1 Total cost est ( 000s) 7800 Value/ annum ( 000s)* 1900 CO2 savings each year Time to recover outlay *assumes use all power and sell ROCs 3.5 tons 4 Years 21/02/2009 9

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12 Grid-connected scheme sizing with options Scheme A1 Scheme A2 Scheme B Catchment (km 2 ) Rainfall (mm.annum) Head (m) % Abstraction from average flow 60% 25% 55% Design flow (l/s) Penstock length (m) Penstock external diameter (mm) /pressure rating (bar) 225/ PN / PN / PN 5 Cable length (m) Cable size (mm 2 ) Design capacity kw Mean output kw Cable and penstock cost estimate incl. laying Total cost est ( 000s) Value/ annum ( 000s)* CO2 savings (tonnes/annum) Cost/value (years to recover outlay) *assumes use average power and sell ROCs 21/02/

13 POTENTIAL HYDRO SCHEMES SURVEYED TO DATE Design capacity (kw) No of schemes Realizable power (kw) CO2 savings (tons/ annum) Value/ annum ( 000s) Capital cost ( '000s) Average payback period (years) Totals (33 Schemes) 216.4kW 815 tons/ annum 0.35M 1.21M /02/

14 HAVE YOU GOT A SUITABLE WATERCOURSE? Large river with a small fall (3-20 metres fall in several hundred metres) Small burn with large fall (50+ metres fall in several hundred metres) Something in between 21/02/

15 WHAT WILL YOUR PROJECT LOOK LIKE? BRAINWORK AND RED TAPE Detailed survey and design Negotiating with neighbours Obtaining permission from authorities (SEPA, Council) Notifying and negotiating with your electricity distributor (DNO: Scot Power or Scot & Southern) Selecting and contracting with an electricity supplier Registering the scheme with the energy regulator (Ofgem) 21/02/

16 WHAT WILL YOUR PROJECT LOOK LIKE? LABOUR (Mainly) Site preparation (mainly trenching) Purchasing or building a suitable turbine Making an intake (and probably building a small dam) Building a housing for the turbine Purchasing armoured cable and laying it in a trench Connecting to the grid or point of use Testing and commissioning the scheme Operation and maintenance 21/02/

17 WHAT CAN YOU DO YOURSELF? Trenching Turbine house building (to a design) Intake construction and dam-building (take advice) Pipe-laying (need skilled help) Purchasing/negotiation with suppliers (take advice) Project management and red tape (take advice or engage someone) 21/02/

18 SOME OF THE ISSUES Environmental: SEPA/SNH/Fisheries Boards - (apply for licence before 31/3/2009, save 576) Electrical connection: Scottish Power/Scottish & Southern Suppliers: advice, equipment and installation Grants etc: SRDP, Interest free loan, Community scheme? 21/02/

19 Benefits from micro-hydros 1. Savings from reductions in imported electricity you save (currently) around 16p/unit or 160/MWh (households use on average 4.5MWh = 700+/year) 2. Exported electricity some companies pay for exporting excess power (5-7p/unit) 3. Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) certificates issued by the energy regulator OFGEM to renewable electricity generators: 2 ROCs per MWh generated worth over 50 each 4. Clean energy which reduces CO 2 emissions 0.43 tons saved per Megawatt-hour (MWh) generated 21/02/

20 HOW I CAN HELP Map-based survey and sizing Site visit Guidance on next steps NO STRINGS ATTACHED - NO CHARGE! Gavin King-Smith gkingsmith@gmail.com 21/02/

21 THE END

22 Archimedes screw

23 Turgo turbine

24 Millwheel Back

25 Back

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27 Turbine housing

28 Back

29 Unused energy source water Source: Scottish Hydropower Resource Study Final Report August 26th 2008 Area Area 79: 81.9MW 80: 108MW Back to What does a micro-hydro do? 21/02/

30 use your own capital Some funding options borrow from a bank or building society (around 8% per annum) apply for interest free loan Carbon Trust renewable energy loan apply for a grant as individual, community or small business Scottish Executive funded e.g. Rural Development Programme, Energy Savings Trust/Scottish Community and Householder Renewables Trust (EST/SCHRI ) energy company funded e.g. Scottish Power Green Energy Trust create and borrow from a community fund Co-Operative Development Scotland: 21/02/2009 Back to Some of the issues 30