ORACLE EDUCATIONAL FACILITY TAC AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT

Transcription

1 ORACLE EDUCATIONAL FACILITY TAC AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT Redwood City, California August 31, 2015 Revised November 25, 2015 Prepared for: Shannon George David J. Powers & Associates, Inc The Alameda, Suite 200 San Jose, California Prepared by: James A. Reyff and William Popenuck 1 Willowbrook Court, Suite 120 Petaluma, CA (707) Project No

2 Introduction This report presents the results of an air quality assessment of a new high school campus in Redwood City, California. The study focuses on assessing toxic air contaminant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions form construction and operation of the new school campus. Oracle Education Foundation plans to construct a new facility for Design Tech High School on a currently undeveloped parcel of land is located on the Oracle Headquarter campus in Redwood City, California. The proposed two-story building will be approximately 64,000 square feet with associated site improvements and landscaping. Additionally, 35 parking spaces will be constructed for staff and visitors. The project site is 4.34 acres in Redwood Shores, just north of Oracle Parkway. An existing parking lot is located on the site. The site is bordered to the north and west by Belmont Slough and to the south by Oracle Parkway. According to the schedule provided by the applicant, most the project construction is anticipated to last about 12 months. There are residences about 500 feet from the project that could be adversely affected by air pollutants emitted during this activity. The primary concern is toxic air contaminant (TAC) exhaust emissions from construction equipment and truck traffic. A health risk assessment of these activities was prepared, addressing potential cancer risk and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) impacts to the nearby residences. Each residence was presumed to include infants that would be resident for much of the construction activity. Infants and small children are much more susceptible to TAC exposure. Another concern is the effect on school children that existing TAC sources in the area may have. This study identified nearby sources and, using screening tools, predicted the potential effects. Because the project would be a new land use, the emissions of greenhouse gases were modeled and evaluated for their significance in terms of cumulatively contributing to climate change as a result of increased emissions. This analysis addresses those issues following the guidance provided by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). Setting The project is located in southern San Mateo County, which is in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin. TACs are a broad class of compounds known to cause morbidity or mortality (usually because they cause cancer) and include, but are not limited to, the criteria air pollutants. TACs are found in ambient air, especially in urban areas, and are caused by industry, agriculture, fuel combustion, and commercial operations (e.g., dry cleaners). TACs are typically found in low concentrations, even near their source (e.g., diesel particulate matter near a freeway). Because chronic exposure can result in adverse health effects, TACs are regulated at the regional, State, and federal level. Diesel exhaust is the predominant TAC in urban air and is estimated to represent about threequarters of the cancer risk from TACs (based on the Bay Area average). According to the California Air Resources Board (CARB), diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of gases, vapors, 1

3 and fine particles. This complexity makes the evaluation of health effects of diesel exhaust a complex scientific issue. Some of the chemicals in diesel exhaust, such as benzene and formaldehyde, have been previously identified as TACs by the CARB, and are listed as carcinogens either under the State's Proposition 65 or under the Federal Hazardous Air Pollutants programs. CARB has adopted and implemented a number of regulations for stationary and mobile sources to reduce emissions of diesel particulate matter (DPM). Several of these regulatory programs affect medium and heavy duty diesel trucks that represent the bulk of DPM emissions from California highways. These regulations include the solid waste collection vehicle (SWCV) rule, in-use public and utility fleets, and the heavy-duty diesel truck and bus regulations. In 2008, CARB approved a new regulation to reduce emissions of DPM and nitrogen oxides from existing on-road heavy-duty diesel fueled vehicles. 1 The regulation requires affected vehicles to meet specific performance requirements between 2014 and 2023, with all affected diesel vehicles required to have 2010 model-year engines or equivalent by These requirements are phased in over the compliance period and depend on the model year of the vehicle. The BAAQMD is the regional agency tasked with managing air quality in the region. At the State level, the CARB (a part of the California Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]) oversees regional air district activities and regulates air quality at the State level. The BAAQMD has recently published California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Air Quality Guidelines that are used in this assessment to evaluate air quality impacts of projects. 2 Sensitive Receptors There are groups of people more affected by air pollution than others. CARB has identified the following persons who are most likely to be affected by air pollution: children under 14, the elderly over 65, athletes, and people with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. These groups are classified as sensitive receptors. Locations that may contain a high concentration of these sensitive population groups include residential areas, hospitals, daycare facilities, elder care facilities, elementary schools, and parks. The closest sensitive receptors to the project site are residences about 500 feet north and over 700 feet east of the site. Note that winds in the area typically blow from the northwest. Greenhouse Gases Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, GHGs, regulate the earth s temperature. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate. The most common GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor but there are also several others, most importantly methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ). These are released into the earth s atmosphere through a variety of natural processes and human activities. Sources of GHGs are generally as follows: 1 Available online: Accessed: November 21, Bay Area Air Quality Management District BAAQMD CEQA Air Quality Guidelines. May. 2

4 CO 2 and N 2 O are byproducts of fossil fuel combustion. N 2 O is associated with agricultural operations such as fertilization of crops. CH 4 is commonly created by off-gassing from agricultural practices (e.g., keeping livestock) and landfill operations. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used as refrigerants, propellants, and cleaning solvents but their production has been stopped by international treaty. HFCs are now used as a substitute for CFCs in refrigeration and cooling. PFCs and sulfur hexafluoride emissions are commonly created by industries such as aluminum production and semi-conductor manufacturing. Each GHG has its own potency and effect upon the earth s energy balance. This is expressed in terms of a global warming potential (GWP), with CO 2 being assigned a value of 1 and sulfur hexafluoride being several orders of magnitude stronger with a GWP of 23,900. In GHG emission inventories, the weight of each gas is multiplied by its GWP and is measured in units of CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e). An expanding body of scientific research supports the theory that global warming is currently affecting changes in weather patterns, average sea level, ocean acidification, chemical reaction rates, and precipitation rates, and that it will increasingly do so in the future. The climate and several naturally occurring resources within California could be adversely affected by the global warming trend. Increased precipitation and sea level rise could increase coastal flooding, saltwater intrusion, and degradation of wetlands. Mass migration and/or loss of plant and animal species could also occur. Potential effects of global climate change that could adversely affect human health include more extreme heat waves and heat-related stress; an increase in climatesensitive diseases; more frequent and intense natural disasters such as flooding, hurricanes and drought; and increased levels of air pollution. Significance Thresholds In June 2010, BAAQMD adopted thresholds of significance to assist in the review of projects under CEQA. These Thresholds were designed to establish the level at which BAAQMD believed air pollution emissions would cause significant environmental impacts under CEQA and were posted on BAAQMD s website and included in the Air District's updated CEQA Guidelines (updated May 2011). The significance thresholds identified by BAAQMD and used in this analysis are summarized in Table 1. BAAQMD s adoption of significance thresholds contained in the 2011 CEQA Air Quality Guidelines was called into question by an order issued March 5, 2012, in California Building Industry Association (CBIA) v. BAAQMD (Alameda Superior Court Case No. RGI ). The order requires BAAQMD to set aside its approval of the thresholds until it has conducted environmental review under CEQA. The ruling made in the case concerned the environmental impacts of adopting the thresholds and how the thresholds would indirectly affect land use development patterns. In August 2013, the Appellate Court struck down the lower court s order to set aside the thresholds. However, this litigation remains pending as the California Supreme 3

5 Court recently accepted a portion of CBIA's petition to review the appellate court's decision to uphold BAAQMD's adoption of the thresholds. The specific portion of the argument to be considered is in regard to whether CEQA requires consideration of the effects of the environment on a project (as contrasted to the effects of a proposed project on the environment). Therefore, the significance thresholds contained in the 2011 CEQA Air Quality Guidelines are applied to this project. Table 1. Air Quality Significance Thresholds Construction Thresholds Pollutant Average Daily Emissions (lbs./day) Operational Thresholds Average Daily Emissions (lbs./day) Annual Average Emissions (tons/year) Health Risks and Hazards for New Sources or New Sensitive Receptors (Individual sources within 1,000 feet zone of influence) Excess Cancer Risk >10.0 per one million Chronic or Acute >1.0 Hazard Index Incremental annual >0.3 µg/m 3 average PM 2.5 Health Risks and Hazards for Sensitive Receptors (Cumulative from all sources within 1,000 foot zone of influence) and Cumulative Thresholds for New Sources Excess Cancer Risk >100 per one million Chronic Hazard Index >10.0 Annual Average PM 2.5 >0.8 µg/m 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG Annual Emissions 1,100 metric tons or 4.6 metric tons per capita Note: PM 2.5 = fine particulate matter or particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less, and GHG = greenhouse gas. Operational Impacts TAC Sources Affecting the Project Operation of this school project is not considered a source of TAC or PM 2.5 emissions. As a result, the project operation would not cause emissions that expose sensitive receptors to unhealthy air pollutant levels. Because the project would not be a source of TACs, it would not contribute cumulatively to unhealthy exposure to TACs. However, the project would include new sensitive receptors. Substantial sources of air pollution can adversely affect sensitive receptors proposed as part of new projects. A review of the area indicates that there two stationary sources of air pollutant emissions within 1,000 feet of the site that could adversely affect new students. There are thresholds that address both the impact of single and cumulative TAC sources upon projects that include new sensitive receptors (see Table 1). The effect of these sources upon the project site was analyzed using screening data provided by BAAQMD to identify the potential cancer risk 4

6 and PM 2.5 exposure risks. Figure 1 shows the approximate 1,000-foot influence zone around the project site. Figure 1. Oracle High School Project Site and 1,000-foot Influence Area Generator Two operational stationary sources of TACs were identified within 1,000 feet of the project site using the BAAQMD Stationary Source Screening Analysis Tool. 3 This tool provides screening levels of cancer risk, PM 2.5 and non-cancer risk for the identified sources. BAAQMD s Diesel BUG Distance Multiplier was used to adjust the screening levels for distance. Table 2 shows the risk, annual PM 2.5 concentration and hazards that these sources would cause at the project site. Note that cancer risk was adjusted for users of the project site, since the screening cancer risk levels reported by BAAQMD represent lifetime (i.e., 70-year) exposures. Project school children would have four-year exposures and the age-sensitivity was adjusted to reflect that of a child (ASF of 3). 4 Note that source 15253, a generator belonging to the Oracle Corporation, is misplaced. The location, which was confirmed, is indicated in Figure 1, over 400 feet from the project site. Neither source poses a significant exposure to the site. 3 See Methodology.aspx, accessed December 10, An adjustment factor of 0.13 for ASF adjustment (assume 3 for child vs. 1.7 for lifetime), breathing rate adjustment (assume 581 for child vs. 302 for lifetime), days per year adjustment (250 days vs. 350), hours per day adjustment (10 hours vs 24) and years (9 years vs lifetime of 70 years). 5

7 Table 2. Stationary Sources and Associated TAC Levels Source Cancer Risk (per million) Annual PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) Acute or Chronic Hazard Index Plant # Redwood City, Sewer Pump Station, Oracle parkway at over < feet. Generator Plant #15253 Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway at over 400 feet Generator BAAQMD Single Source Threshold Construction Impacts TAC Emissions Affecting Existing Sensitive Receptors Construction activity is anticipated to include minor site preparation and grading, trenching for utilities, building construction, and paving. During grading, and some building construction activities, substantial amounts of dust could be generated. Most of the dust would result during grading activities. The amount of dust generated would be highly variable and would be dependent on the size of the area disturbed at any given time, amount of activity, soil conditions, and meteorological conditions. To address fugitive dust emissions that lead to elevated respirable particulate matter (PM 10 ) and PM 2.5 levels near construction sites, the BAAQMD CEQA Air Quality Guidelines identify best control measures. If included in construction projects, these impacts will be considered less than significant. Construction equipment and associated heavy-duty truck traffic generates diesel exhaust, which is a known TAC. These exhaust air pollutant emissions would not be considered to contribute substantially to existing or projected air quality violations. Construction exhaust emissions may still pose health risks for sensitive receptors such as surrounding residents. The primary community risk impact issues associated with construction emissions are cancer risk and exposure to PM 2.5. Diesel exhaust poses both a potential health and nuisance impact to nearby receptors. A health risk assessment of the project construction activities was conducted that evaluated potential health effects of sensitive receptors at these nearby residences from construction emissions of DPM and PM Emissions and dispersion modeling was conducted to predict the off-site concentrations resulting from project construction, so that lifetime cancer risks and non-cancer health effects could be evaluated. Construction Period Emissions Construction period emissions were modeled using the California Emissions Estimator Model, Version (CalEEMod). The proposed project land uses were input into CalEEMod, which included 75,000 square feet entered as High School and 75-space Parking Lot on a 4.10-acre site. The modeled size of the construction project was slightly larger than the actual project. A construction worksheet was provided that includes the construction schedule, list of equipment, number of days and hours per day equipment would be utilized, and the quantify of 5 DPM is identified by California as a toxic air contaminant due to the potential to cause cancer. 6

8 soil, concrete and asphalt that would be trucked to or from the site. Construction of the project is expected to occur over an approximate one-year period beginning in Truck hauling computations were based on the import of 6,000 cubic yards (cy) of soil (CalEEMod defaults to 750 trips), 3,600 cy of cement (computed to be 800 trips) and 20 trips for asphalt. The CalEEMod model provided total annual PM 2.5 exhaust emissions (assumed to be DPM) for the off-road construction equipment and for exhaust emissions from on-road vehicles, with total emissions from all construction stages of tons (194 pounds). The on-road emissions are a result of haul truck travel during demolition and grading activities, worker travel, and vendor deliveries during construction. A trip length of 1 mile was used to represent vehicle travel while at or near the construction site. It was assumed that these emissions from on-road vehicles traveling at or near the site would occur at the construction site. PM 2.5 dust emissions were calculated by CalEEMod as tons (332 pounds) for the overall construction period. Dispersion Modeling The EPA AERMOD dispersion model was used to predict concentrations of DPM and PM 2.5 concentrations at existing sensitive receptors (residences) in the vicinity of the project construction area. The AERMOD dispersion model is a BAAQMD-recommended model for use in modeling analysis of these types of emission activities for CEQA projects. 6 The AERMOD modeling utilized two area sources to represent the on-site construction emissions, one for exhaust emissions and one for fugitive dust emissions. To represent the construction equipment exhaust emissions, an emission release height of 6 meters (19.7 feet) was used for the area source. The elevated source height reflects the height of the equipment exhaust pipes plus an additional distance for the height of the exhaust plume above the exhaust pipes to account for plume rise of the exhaust gases. For modeling fugitive PM 2.5 emissions, a near-ground level release height of 2 meters (6.6 feet) was used for the area source. Emissions from the construction equipment and on-road vehicle travel were distributed throughout the modeled area sources. Construction emissions were modeled as occurring daily between 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., when the majority of construction activity would occur. Figure 2 shows the project site and nearby sensitive receptor (residences) locations where health impacts were evaluated. The modeling used a five-year data set ( ) of hourly meteorological data from the San Carlos Airport that was prepared by CARB for use with the AERMOD model in preparing health risk assessments. Annual DPM and PM 2.5 concentrations from construction activities during the period were calculated using the model. DPM and PM 2.5 concentrations were calculated at nearby sensitive receptor locations at a receptor height of 1.5 meters (4.9 feet). The maximum-modeled DPM and PM 2.5 concentrations occurred east of the construction site at a residential receptor. The locations where the maximum PM 2.5 and DPM concentrations occurred (and maximum cancer risk) are identified on Figure 2. 6 Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), 2012, Recommended Methods for Screening and Modeling Local Risks and Hazards, Version 3.0. May. 7

9 Figure 2. Project Construction Site and Locations of Off-Site Sensitive Receptors and Maximum TAC Impacts Predicted Cancer Risk and Hazards Increased cancer risks were calculated using the maximum modeled concentrations for the period and BAAQMD recommended risk assessment methods for infant exposure (3 rd trimester through two years of age), child exposure, and for an adult exposure. The cancer risk calculations were based on applying the BAAQMD recommended age sensitivity factors to the TAC concentrations. Age-sensitivity factors reflect the greater sensitivity of infants and small children to cancer causing TACs. BAAQMD-recommended exposure parameters were used for the cancer risk calculations. 7 Infant, child, and adult exposures were assumed to occur at all residences through the entire construction period. Results of the assessment for project construction indicate the maximum incremental residential child cancer risk at the maximally exposed individual (MEI) receptor would be 1.1 in one million and the residential adult incremental cancer risk would be 0.1 in one million. The maximummodeled annual PM 2.5 concentration, which is based on combined exhaust and fugitive dust emissions, was 0.04 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 ). The maximum modeled annual residential DPM concentration (i.e., from construction exhaust) was less than 0.01 μg/m 3, which is much lower than the reference exposure level (REL). The maximum computed hazard index (HI) based on this DPM concentration is 0.03 which is lower than the BAAQMD significance criterion of a HI greater than Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), 2010, Air Toxics NSR Program Health Risk Screening Analysis Guidelines, January. 8

10 The project would have a less-than-significant impact with respect to community risk caused by project construction activities, since cancer risk is below the single-source thresholds of 10.0 per million and annual PM 2.5 concentrations do not exceed 0.3 μg/m 3. Attachment 1 includes the construction emission calculations and information used in the dispersion modeling and cancer risk calculations. Greenhouse Gas Emissions As discussed previously, construction period emissions were computed using the CalEEMod model. This model also computes GHG emissions associated with construction equipment and construction-related traffic. Operational air emissions from the project would be generated primarily from increased traffic trips and indirectly from energy and water usage. CalEEMod was also used to predict emissions from operation of the site assuming full build out of the project. Model inputs are summarized below. Model Year The model uses mobile emission factors from the CARB s EMFAC2011 model. This model is sensitive to the year selected, since vehicle emissions have and continue to be reduced due to fuel efficiency standards and low carbon fuels. The Year 2018 was analyzed since it is the first full year that the project could conceivably be occupied. Use of this date is considered conservative, as emissions associated with build-out in later years would be lower. Land Use Descriptions The proposed project land uses were input into CalEEMod, which included 75,000 square feet entered as High School and 75-space Parking Lot on a 4.10-acre site. Trip Generation Rates The traffic impact analysis for the Oracle Education Facility predicts a total of 608 daily trips. A trip rate per 1,000 square feet was computed and entered into CalEEMod. The trip lengths and trip types specified by CalEEMod for San Mateo County were used. Energy Default rates for energy consumption were assumed in the model. The 2013 Title 24 Building Standards became effective July 1, 2014 and are predicted to use 25 percent less energy for lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, and water heating than the 2008 standards that CalEEMod incorporates. 8 Therefore, the CalEEMod run was adjusted to account for the greater energy efficiency (i.e., Title 24 portion of the emissions). Emissions rates associated with electricity consumption from the Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) utilities were used. CalEEMod uses a default rate of 641 pounds of CO 2 per megawatt of electricity produced, which is based on PG&E s 2008 certified emission rate. PG&E s latest certified rate is for 2013, which was 425 pounds of CO 2 per megawatt of electricity produced. 8 California Energy Commission, Building Energy Efficiency Standards FAQ. May. 9

11 Other Inputs Default model assumptions for GHG emissions associated with area sources, solid waste generation and water/wastewater use were applied to the project. No new wood-burning fireplaces are allowed in the Bay Area, but it was assumed that new residences would include gas-powered fireplaces. Construction Emissions GHG emissions associated with construction were computed to be 224 metric tons (MT) of CO 2 e, anticipated to occur over the entire construction period of about one year (13 months). These are the emissions from on-site operation of construction equipment, vendor and hauling truck trips, and worker trips. Neither the City nor BAAQMD have an adopted Threshold of Significance for construction-related GHG emissions, though BAAQMD recommends quantifying emissions and disclosing that GHG emissions would occur during construction. BAAQMD also encourages the incorporation of best management practices to reduce GHG emissions during construction where feasible and applicable. Best management practices assumed to be incorporated into construction of the proposed project include, but are not limited to: using local building materials of at least 10 percent and recycling or reusing at least 50 percent of construction waste or demolition materials. Operational Emissions The CalEEMod model, along with the default vehicle trip generation rates, was used to predict daily emissions associated with operation of the fully-developed site under the proposed project. In 2018, annual emissions resulting from operation of the proposed project are predicted to be 2,443 MT of CO 2 e. These emissions would not exceed the BAAQMD threshold of 1,100 MT of CO 2 e/yr (see Table 3). Therefore, this would be considered a less-than-significant impact. Table 3. Annual Project GHG Emissions (CO 2 e) in Metric Tons Source Category 2018 Project Emissions Area <1 Energy Consumption 147 Mobile 473 Solid Waste Generation 44 Water Usage 10 Project 674 BAAQMD Threshold 1,100 MT CO 2 e/year 10

12 Attachment 1: CalEEMod Output Worksheets, and Construction Risk Modeling Emissions and Risk Calculations

13 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 1 of 1 Date: 8/12/2015 4:55 PM Oracle Design Tech HS San Mateo County, Annual 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population High School sqft , Parking Lot Space , Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 70 Climate Zone 5 Operational Year 2018 Utility Company Pacific Gas & Electric Company Intensity (lb/mwhr) 425 CH4 Intensity (lb/mwhr) N2O Intensity (lb/mwhr) User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data Project Characteristics - Used PG&E current certified rate Land Use - Using square footage, since traffic uniquely breaks down trip generation Construction Phase - Based on provided schedule Off-road Equipment - Based on provided equipment list. Off-road Equipment - Based on provided equipment list. Assume tractor = bull dozer Off-road Equipment - No equipment listed, so assumed default Off-road Equipment - Based on provided equipment list. Added roller Off-road Equipment - Based on provided equipment list. assume tractor = bull dozer Off-road Equipment - Based on provided equipment list. Off-road Equipment - Based on provided equipment list. Trips and VMT - Added cement trips (3600 cy/9 cy/roundtrip) x 2 trips = 10 asphalt roundtrips x 2 trips. Used 1 mile for on- and near-site travel or idling Demolition - Grading - Based on provided equipment list/assumptions. Added disturbance to site preperation Architectural Coating - Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - BMPs for Vehicle Trips - Trip rates based on TIA projection of 608 daily trips and 75,000 sf building space Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 8/2/2017 6/30/2017 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 9/14/2017 5/15/2017 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 11/3/2016 9/30/2016 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 2/2/2017 1/1/2017 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 7/1/2017 3/1/2017 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 9/2/2016 8/1/2016 tblgrading AcresOfGrading tblgrading MaterialImported ,000.00

14 tbllanduse LotAcreage tbllanduse LotAcreage tbllanduse Population tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tblprojectcharacteristics IntensityFactor tblprojectcharacteristics OperationalYear tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripNumber tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripNumber tbltripsandvmt VendorTripLength tbltripsandvmt VendorTripLength tbltripsandvmt VendorTripLength tbltripsandvmt VendorTripLength tbltripsandvmt VendorTripLength tbltripsandvmt VendorTripLength tbltripsandvmt WorkerTripLength tbltripsandvmt WorkerTripLength tbltripsandvmt WorkerTripLength tbltripsandvmt WorkerTripLength tbltripsandvmt WorkerTripLength tbltripsandvmt WorkerTripLength tblvehicletrips WD_TR Emissions Summary 2.1 Overall Construction

15 Unmitigated Construction ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Year tons/yr MT/yr e e e e e e Overall Operational Unmitigated Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Area Energy Waste e e e- Mobile e e e e e e e e Water e e e Mitigated Operational ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Area Energy Mobile e- Waste e e e e e e e e e e Water e e e ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N20 e Percent Reduction Construction Detail Construction Phase

16 Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Site Preparation Site Preparation 6/20/2016 6/30/ Grading Grading 7/1/2016 9/1/ Utilities/Trenshing Trenching 8/1/2016 9/30/ Exterior Building Construction Building Construction 10/1/2016 2/1/ Interior Building Construction Architectural Coating 1/1/2017 6/30/ Paving Paving 3/1/2017 5/15/ Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 4 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): Acres of Paving: 0 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 113,850; Non-Residential Outdoor: 37,950 (Architectural Coating OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Grading Excavators Grading Graders Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Utilities/Trenshing Excavators Utilities/Trenshing Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Exterior Building Construction Cranes Exterior Building Construction Forklifts Exterior Building Construction Generator Sets Exterior Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Exterior Building Construction Welders Interior Building Construction Air Compressors Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers Paving Pavers Paving Paving Equipment Paving Rollers Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Site Preparation LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Utilities/Trenshing LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Exterior Building LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Construction Interior Building LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Construction Paving LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Replace Ground Cover Water Exposed Area Reduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads

17 3.2 Site Preparation Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Dust Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Dust e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Grading

18 Unmitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Dust Off-Road e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e- Vendor e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Dust Off-Road e e Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e- Vendor e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Utilities/Trenshing Unmitigated Construction On-Site

19 ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Exterior Building Construction Unmitigated Construction On-Site

20 ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e e e e e e e Vendor e e e e e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road e e e e Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e e e e e e e Vendor e e e e e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Exterior Building Construction Unmitigated Construction On-Site

21 ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e e e e e e Vendor e e e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e e e e e e Vendor e e e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Interior Building Construction Unmitigated Construction On-Site

22 ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Archit. Coating Off-Road e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Archit. Coating Off-Road e e e e Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Paving Unmitigated Construction On-Site

23 ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road e- Paving e e e e e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e e- Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Off-Road e- Paving e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction Off-Site ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Hauling e e e- Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Operational Detail - Mobile 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile

24 ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Mitigated e e e Unmitigated e e e Trip Summary Information 4.3 Trip Type Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT High School ,310,296 1,310,296 Parking Lot ,310,296 1,310,296 Miles Trip % Trip Purpose % Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C- High School W Parking Lot H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Energy Detail 4.4 Fleet Mix Historical Energy Use: N 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Electricity Mitigated e e Electricity Unmitigated e e NaturalGas Mitigated e e e e NaturalGas Unmitigated e e e e Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas Unmitigated NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 N CH4 N2O e Land Use kbtu/yr tons/yr MT/yr

25 High School e e e- Parking Lot e e e e e e Mitigated NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 N CH4 N2O e Land Use kbtu/yr tons/yr MT/yr High School e e e- Parking Lot e e e e e e Energy by Land Use - Electricity Unmitigated Electricity Use CH4 N2O e Land Use kwh/yr t o n High School e- Parking Lot e e- MT/yr e e e Mitigated Electricity Use CH4 N2O e Land Use kwh/yr t o n Parking Lot e- High School e e- MT/yr e e e Area Detail 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Mitigated e e e e-

26 Unmitigated e e e e- 6.2 Area by SubCategory Unmitigated ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Sub Architectural Coating Consumer Products Landscaping e e e e e e e e e- Mitigated ROG NOx CO SO2 CH4 N2O e Sub Architectural Coating Consumer Products Landscaping e e e e e e e e e- 7.0 Water Detail 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water CH4 N2O e Category t o n MT/yr Mitigated e- Unmitigated e Water by Land Use Unmitigated Indoor/Out door Use CH4 N2O e Land Use Mgal t o n High School / MT/yr e

27 Parking Lot 0 / e Mitigated Indoor/Out door Use CH4 N2O e Land Use Mgal t o n High School / MT/yr e Parking Lot 0 / e Waste Detail 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste Category/Year CH4 N2O e t MT/yr o n Mitigated Unmitigated Waste by Land Use Unmitigated Waste Disposed CH4 N2O e Land Use tons t o n MT/yr High School Parking Lot Mitigated Waste Disposed CH4 N2O e Land Use tons t o n MT/yr High School

28 Parking Lot Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type 10.0 Vegetation

29 Project Name: Oracle School Equipment (See next page for example of Average Hours How Many commonly used Used Per Work Construction Phase equipment) Quantity Day Days Demolition Start Date: End Date: Site Preparation Loader Tractor Start Date: 6/20/16 End Date: 6/30/16 Grading/Excavation Loader Grader Tractor Start Date: 7/1/16 End Date: 9/1/16 Trenching Excavator Backhoe Start Date: 8/1/16 End Date: 10/1/16 Building Exterior Crane Forklift Welder Start Date: 10/1/16 End Date: 2/1/17 Building Interior/ Architectural Coating Start Date: 1/1/17 End Date: 6/30/17 Paving Paving Equip Loader Start Date: 3/1/17 End Date: 5/15/17 Soil Hauling Volume Demolition Volume Fuel Type - if other than Diesel OTHER Provide as Applicable Export volume = cubic yards? Import volume = 6000 cubic yards? Square footage of buildings to be demolished, or total tons to be hauled.

30 Project Name: Oracle School Equipment (See next page for example of commonly used Construction Phase equipment) Power Cement Quantity = 0_ square feet or = hauling volume (tons) Pavement demolished and hauled = tons Average Hours Used Per Day How Many Work Days Line Power (Y/N) Y_ or Generator use (Y/N)? If generator use, then fuel type (diesel/gasoline/propane) Cement Trucks = Round-Trips OR Cement =_3600_ cubic yards Fuel Type - if other than Diesel Asphalt cy or 10 round trips Example of Equipment Commonly Used for Each Construction Phase Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws Excavators Rubber-Tired Dozers Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Grading / Excavation Excavators Graders Scrapers Rubber Tired Dozers Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Trenching Excavator Tractor/Loader/Backhoe Building - Exterior Cranes Forklifts Generator Sets Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Welders Building Interior/ Architectural Coating Air Compressors Aerial Lift Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers Pavers Paving Equipment