Project development methodology I

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2 Project development methodology I JAMR25 Human Rights in the Field Amelie Sällfors Director of Europe Office Lund, 29 September 2017

3 General discussion Why do we carry out HR projects and programmes?

4 Course objectives for the Programme Development methodology sessions I,II & III Understand the complexity of implementing human rights law Understand and be able to work with strategies to implement human rights effectively in practice Understand how to assess human rights problems in practice and how change can be promoted And more concretely: To provide knowledge relevant for carrying out the course assignment

5 Programme Development Methodology I, II & III 6 x 45 minutes 29 Sept and 2 October Capacity Development + All steps of Project design Theory Practice Interactive

6 Programme Development Methdology I Outline The basics/fundamentals of designing a project to bring about human rights change in practice: Introduction capacity development + General HRBA Problem analysis Objectives and strategies Results and monitoring/measuring results (Monday)

7 Human rights based approach

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9 The UN Common Understanding on HRBA GOAL: All programmes of development cooperation, policies, and techical assistance should further the realization of human rights as laid down in the UDHR and other international HR instruments PROCESS: Human rights standards should guide all development cooperation and programming in all sectors and phases of the programming process OUTCOME: Development cooperation contributes to the development of the capacities of duty-bearers to meet their obligations and rights-holders to claim their rights

10 HRBA cont d Human Rights define both the GOAL and the PROCESS of any development intervention GOAL = Human Rights Treaties Obligation of duty bearers to respect, protect and fulfil HRs PROCESS = HRBA principles Pay attention to most marginalized groups Frames relationship between rights holders and duty bearers Extends and deepens participation Enhances local ownership

11 HRBA Principles of the UN Common Understanding: Universality and Inalienability Indivisibility Interdependence and interrelatedness Equality and non-discrimination Participation and Inclusion Accountability and the Rule of Law Sida principles: Participation, Equality, Transparency, Accountability

12 Key Benefits of a HRBA Promotes realization of HRs, helps government partners achieve human rights commitments Increases and strengthens participation of local community Improves transparency Promotes results Increases Accountability Reduces vulnerabilities More likely leads to sustained change as human rightsbased programmes have greater impact on norms and values, structures, policy and practice.

13 HRBA to development (programming) Adress human rights violations, in a human rights based way Human rights based approach to development An approach to development that sees human rights as central both regarding the aim of development fulfillment of human rights and the process ensuring that human rights are considered during the implementation of any development project.

14 So how do we do it? Key issue? do your situation / context analysis What is the problem you seek to address?

15 Introduction Main causes preventing the realisation of international human rights law in practice? (discuss two and two) Lack of political will Insufficient capacities (A Human Rights Approach to Development A Primer for Development Practitioners, A Tomas 2005)

16 What is it? Capacity development Capacities abilities Individual level (knowledge, skills and attitudes) Institutional/Organisational level (mandates, processes, structures, resources etc) Capacity development..enhance the knowledge and skills of a particular group to enable them to fulfil their obligations and/or claim their rights.. (Indicators for Human Rights Based Approaches to Development in UNDP Programming: A Users Guide, UNDP, 2006)

17 HRBA in programming REALISATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT GOALS CLAIMING AND EXERCISING RIGHTS FULFILLING OBLIGATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CAPACITIES FOR EMPOWERMENT CAPACITIES FOR ACCOUNTABILITY

18 HRBA Kenyan example

19 Programme planning Key issue in all programme management? Identify the PROBLEM Context specific and in HR terms Who has the capacity gap/s?

20 So how do we do it? Human rights violation? Situation analysis Conventions and treaties, UN reports, NGO reports etc What is happening to whom, where and why Participatory process Capacity gaps - Rights holder? Duty bearers? - Why are the rights holders not enjoying/claiming these rights (capacity gaps) - Why are duty bearers not fulfilling their obligations? (capacity gaps) Programme addresses capacity gaps both RH and DB? Does legislation need changing? Are more resources needed? Is there a lack of knowledge of human rights? Human rights ensured

21 Programme planning 1. Identify the main problem - HR 2. What are the causes to this problem? 3. What are the effects of this problem? 4. Who are the rights holders and duty bearers in relation to this problem? What are their capacity gaps?

22 Problem Analysis Root cause analysis Results mapping

23 A person with a bad headache goes to see a doctor. The doctor prescribes a pain killer without any further detailed diagnosis. Without finding out what is causing the headache, it is likely that the pain will persist as soon as the medication wears off. There has been no detailed analysis of the problem.

24 Programme planning 1. Identify the main problem 2. Who are the rights holders and duty bearers in relation to this problem? What are their capacity gaps? 3. What are the causes to this problem? 4. What are the effects of this problem?

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26 1. Situation analysis Steps What are the underlying and direct causes of the issue at hand (context analysis/problem tree) 2. Role/Pattern Analysis 3. Capacity Analysis 4. Identification of Priorities (Objectives and Strategies) 5. Program of cooperation

27 Problem Tree Effects Effect Effect Effect Branches (above the trunk) Main problem Describe the problem (Tree trunk) Causes Cause Cause Cause Roots (below the trunk) 27

28 Country 28

29 Problem Analysis In city X the majority of children finalises elementary school. However, the dropout rate is significantly higher among girls than among boys for the next level of education What is the main problem? (jointly) HR problem Groups of four: Who are the RH/DB? What are their capacity gaps? Possible causes (of the main problem) WHY? (existing causes) Effects of the main problem - What does this problem result in/lead to? Post-it and flipcharts 29

30 Problem Analysis - Summary Why is the analysis important? Sets the stage for much of the project design and intervention Problem analysis is a critical stage of project planning, as it guides all subsequent analysis and decisionmaking on priorities. Human rights issue at stake? 30

31 Objective Setting

32 Objectives To change the unsatisfactory situation the problems imply, we must instead look at what the corresponding desirable positive situations would be. 32

33 Objectives Tree Overall objective Result result Result Main/project Objective Objective vision statement (by the end of 2019 ) Results and approaches Approach Approach Approach 33

34 Setting Objectives Negative problem positive objective Task (3 persons per group): Review the previous example regarding girls education Try to formulate the problem statements as objectives Main problem Project objective Causes Positive Results (what makes the cause go away) Effects Overall objective 34

35 The Objectives-Tree While the problem tree shows the cause and effect relationship between problems The objectives-tree shows the means - end relationship between objectives 35

36 Country 36