Review RCRC Movement Response to Tropical Cyclone Winston

Transcription

1 Review RCRC Movement Response to Tropical Cyclone Winston FINAL REPORT 1June 2016 Eleanor Lam (Team Leader) Alex Torres Joanne Zoleveke Robert Ondrusek Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The review team would like to acknowledge the many people who assisted this evaluation. We appreciate the openness and sincerity we encountered in the review process which to us is a reflection of supportive and learning environment. We would like to thank all the individuals who offered their time, experience and opinions, and individuals who facilitated our travel and communication with key informants. We would like to acknowledge and thank Mr Filipe Nainoca (Director General, Fiji Red Cross Society), Mr Xavier Castellanos (Director, APRO), Mr Martin Faller (Acting Deputy Director of APRO), Ms Kathryn Clarkson (Head of CCST, Suva), Mr Paul Grierson (Operations Manager) and their staff for supporting this review. Thanks also go to the Review Management Team: Ms Sanna Salmela-Eckstein (Operations Coordinator & Climate Change Focal Point, IFRC APRO) and Mr Francisco Fong (PMER delegate for the Tropical Cyclone Pam operation), and Ms Christina Lee (Senior Finance Analyst Tsunami) / PMER, IFRC APRO) as the evaluation focal point. We would also like to thank the communities and volunteers in Rakiraki and Nalawa districts for receiving us and sharing their stories and thoughts with us. The encounter has again reminded us to humbly put humanity at the centre of our work. Disclaimer The opinions expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Responsibility for the opinions expressed in this report rests solely with the authors. Publication of this document does not imply endorsement by the IFRC of the opinions expressed. 2 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

3 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

4 ACRONYMS APRO ARCS CBHFA CCST CHF DMO DCPRR DREF DRR EA EOC EPoA ERT FRCS ICRC IFRC IM MoH NDMO NFI NHQ NZRCS OCHA ONS PHT PMER PNS RCRC RDRT PSS RTE SOPs TC UN WASH Asia Pacific Regional Office Australian Red Cross Society Community based health and first aid Country Cluster Support Team Swiss Franc Disaster Management Officer Disaster / Crisis Prevention, Response and Recovery Disaster Relief Emergency Fund Disaster Risk Reduction Emergency Appeal Emergency Operations Centre Emergency Plan of Action Emergency response team Fiji Red Cross Society International Committee of Red Cross International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Information management Ministry of Health National Disaster Management Office Non-food items National Head-quarters New Zealand Red Cross Society (United Nations) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires Operating National Society Pacific Humanitarian Team Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Partner National Society Red Cross and Red Crescent Regional Disaster Response Team Psychosocial support Real time evaluation Standard Operating Procedures Tropical cyclone United Nations Water, sanitation and hygiene 4 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Introduction Response Review Audience Background and Context Pre-disaster preparedness The disaster impact The RCRC Movement response Review criteria, scope and methodology Review criteria Scope Methodology Challenges and limitations Evaluation findings Conclusions Recommendations Bibliography Annexes Annex 1: Maps: Path of TC Winston Annex 2: Review Team work plan Annex 3: List of key informants Annex 4: Key informants interview guides and focus group interview guides Annex 5: Terms of Reference for TC Winston Response Review Annex 6: Evaluation team members Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Category 5 Tropical Cyclone (TC) Winston, estimated to be one of the most severe to hit South Pacific, hit Fiji on 20 February 2016 causing wide-spread damage to the country. Over 350,000 people, about 40% of the country s population, were affected as the cyclone caused damages to houses, public facilities, agriculture and fishery, on top of loss of 44 lives and many injuries. The IFRC (APRO, CCST) and Pacific NSs were prepared for the cyclone season by various meetings / workshop and simulations. DREF was mobilized immediately after the disaster and Emergency Appeal was launched. The appeal covered NFIs, RFL, WASH, health and PSS, shelter, livelihood and DRR. There was also a strong element of FRCS branch development through the appeal. The objective of this review, as specified in the Terms of Reference (ToR), was to assess the RCRC Movement response to TC Winston. In particular, the response of IFRC, ICRC and FRCS was the focus of this review. The review also looked at how the RCRC Movement learned from previous operations, in particular, the TC Pam operation. The criteria used to for the review are: The relevance and appropriateness of delivery of humanitarian assistance to beneficiaries based on needs and context. The coverage in terms of which population groups are included in or excluded from the intervention, especially the extent to which the response has considered and addressed protection, gender and inclusion concerns; the needs and capacities of vulnerable groups and in particular women, girls and boys and people living with a disability. The efficiency and effectiveness of FRCS and IFRC, as well as response bilaterally provided by the ARCS and NZRCS, in terms of the tools and support. Coordination and support by FRCS and IFRC (CCST Suva, APRO Kuala Lumpur) with Movement partners, bilaterally and multilaterally, and external actors aimed at optimizing the response. Connectedness to ensure short term emergency activities, take into consideration the longer-term recovery and capacity development priorities of the FRCS and IFRC. The review included a comprehensive document review, 44 key informant interviews and focus group discussions with 3 communities. Findings The review identified a number of strengths of the TC Winston operation, and learning from TC Pam operation was observed. There are also a number of issues at both operational and institutional level which have affected the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the operation. - There were different views on how well the IFRC APRO Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) were adhered to. Different expectations on the roles and responsibility of CCST and DCPRR of APRO, and communication lines between APRO, CCST and FRCS have created confusions and somehow 6 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

7 affected the efficiency of the operation particularly in the first two months of the operation. - Coordination within the Movement was effective. The Movement-wide approach was supported. The IFRC, ICRC, PNSs and FRCS had close communication through meetings, planning workshop and teleconference. Movement partners were able to contribute to the planning process and built good understanding for future collaboration. FRCS maintained a close and instrumental relation with the Government. Coordination with other actors could be enhanced, in particular, sharing of FRCS assessment result with other actors. - The immediate actions of the FRCS in rapid assessment and distribution of pre-stocked NFIs at branches were remarkable, considering the fact that many of the branches and volunteers suffered from the impact of TC Winston as well. - There was some delay in distribution of NFIs / shelter tool kits. This was a situation aggregated by a number of factors. Bottleneck in logistics, use of appropriate assessment tools, well-defined emergency response mechanism at branch level, capacity in information management and overall capacity of branches are some of the areas which need enhancement. - The emergency assistance delivered by the RCRC Movement was considered as relevant and appropriate by the community. However, coverage was disproportional to the impact of disaster, partly due to the scale of disaster and partly due to limited actions by other humanitarian actors. The FRCS is taking actions to rectify the situation as much as possible following the second sweep of assessment. - The strong community network of FRCS through its branches and volunteers has proved to be a success factor to the emergency phase of the operation, and was highly appreciated by the Government and other actors. While the FRCS has good experience in engaging the communities in DRR and health programmes in normal times, community engagement in disaster operation was not strong and persistent at all branches. - There were a number of elements new to the FRCS in the EPoA, such as PSS, shelter and livelihood, and they presented different challenges to the FRCS. The PSS element was well received and integrated into the program, and has made good progress up to the time of the review. The FRCS still found it challenging to implement some activities related to shelter and livelihood. Being accountable to all stakeholders by taking into consideration both the needs of the community and capacity of the ONS (in this case, the FRCS) remains a question to be further discussed within the IFRC. - Human resource has been a challenge. Absence of Head of CCST at the time of disaster, delay in filling in some key positions such as Operations Manager, Finance Development Delegate and PMER Delegate were challenging to ensure effective and efficient operation. The IFRC (CCST) staff put extra effort to support the FRCS. The embedment of 2 staff to support the Director General and Operations Coordination of the FRCS was highly appreciated as able to facilitate the lead role of the FRCS in the operation. HR plan was not clear to Operations Manager upon his formal appointment to support his management. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

8 - A mixed surge capacity (RDRT, regional surge and IFRC surge support, peer-to-peer) was deployed which was good to meet needs of NS and support CCST, while utilizing appropriate resources within and outside the Pacific. - With the support of the IFRC and Movement partners, the FRCS is able to connect the EPoA to their Strategic Plan The connection was well understood by the NHQ staff and the branches, which is highly beneficial to the organizational development of the FRCS. The EPoA is also connected to the IFRC (CCST) Operation Plan TC Winston operation opened up opportunities for FRCS s organizational development at various levels. The reputation, network and relation built would facilitate FRCS s resource mobilization and collaboration. The presence of the FRCS and branches could be strengthened by enhanced visibility. Newly registered volunteers could be integrated into the existing system to strengthen community network. The post-disaster phase is also a good time for FRCS to strengthen its DRR programmes, taping on the heightened disaster awareness at the communities. Recommendations 1) Strengthen the existing emergency response tools by: IFRC (APRO, CCST) FRCS - Review IFRC (APRO) SOP with input from IFRC (CCSTs) and take the opportunity to further clarify roles and responsibilities. - Organize briefing to Pacific NS leadership on IFRC tools, e.g. appeal, DREF and EPoA processes and requirements, facilitated by Pacific NS leaders and supported by IFRC. - Support FRCS to develop contingency plan and branch preparedness plans and take relevant actions for better response preparedness. - Develop and promulgate clear and practical guidance on joint/movementwide appeals, including concerns about links to budget, coverage, bilateral and in-kind donations. - Standardize timeline of release and scope of dissemination of RTE reports. Distil review learning among NSs and Movement partners in the region and facilitate learning through Pacific NS leadership platform. - Strengthen emergency response mechanism, including assessment, at both the NHQ and branch level. Conduct briefing on assessment and information management at branch level. Provide induction to branch leadership on roles and responsibilities especially during emergencies and disasters. - Review logistics arrangement, including pre-disaster agreements and location of pre-stock NFIs to ensure efficient mobilization of relief items. - Strengthen community engagement in emergency response. Set clear criteria and procedures in beneficiary selection to give priority to the most vulnerable groups. 8 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

9 2) Build stronger National Society with the TC Winston EPoA by: IFRC (CCST) - Support FRCS to strengthen finance management system at NHQ and branch level. - Support FRCS to leverage on collaboration with other actors, such as the Shelter Cluster. - Provide technical inputs into the recovery plan to align to IFRC Minimum Standard Commitments to Gender and Diversity. FRCS - Review and integrate training for both FRCS volunteers and communities. E.g. integrated training on disaster management, health and PSS, review training content of ERT. - Support branch development, including reviewing constitution of branches and finance management system, improve physical set-up - Absorb newly recruit volunteers in TC Winston operation into regular volunteer pool. Standardize volunteer registration, induction and volunteer support at NHQ and branch level. Review volunteer insurance arrangement. - Strengthen DRR programmes, tapping on heightened community awareness of disaster. 3) Continue to strengthen surge capacity by: IFRC (APRO, CCST) - Build stronger RDRT capacity in the region for future deployment to support capacity building of Pacific NSs. Continue to build and maximize regional surge and peer-to-peer capacity. - Streamline decisions on mobilization of human resources to support the IFRC (CCST) in the operation. - Conduct team debriefings after an emergency operation to ensure collective learning and well-being of staff to build human capital. - Provide formal induction / orientation for incoming staff, even within the context of emergencies. The review team also recommend that findings of this review to be included in the meta-evaluation of past IFRC RTEs as per recommendation of TC Pam RTE. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

10 1 Introduction 1.1 Response Review This operation review commissioned by the Asia Pacific Regional Director of the IFRC will evaluate the response actions of the Fiji Red Cross Society (FRCS) to Tropical Cyclone Winston (TC Winston), and how the RCRC Movement partners have supported the FRCS. Attention is given to the extent to which the response has considered and addressed the needs of vulnerable groups. It will examine how Movement partners have learned from previous real-time evaluations (RTE), especially that of the TC Pam. Findings are meant to improve on going operational services and accountability to beneficiaries, donors and other stakeholders, as well as to inform Movement partners going forward during the recovery stage. It is expected that findings will also contribute to the improvement of response actions of the Movement. The response review will therefore identify what is working well and what requires improvement, taking into consideration the context and capacities of Movement components. As a formative evaluation to inform the ongoing operation, the response review will follow a framework similar to RTE. 1.2 Audience Findings of this response review will be shared with the FRCS, the IFRC and other Movement partners involved in the response, notably the, Australian Red Cross, New Zealand Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). 10 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

11 2 Background and Context Tropical Cyclone Winston (TC Winston) left the Kingdom of Tonga and moved westward towards the Republic of Fiji developing into a Category 5 tropical cyclone making landfall in Fiji on 20 February This was just one year on from when another Category 5 cyclone, Tropical Cyclone Pam, devastated Vanuatu on 14 March The Disaster Impact TC Winston has caused loss of lives and significant damage across its path. More than 350,000 people (about 40 per cent of the nation's population) across the country have been affected. At least 44 people have been confirmed dead 1. All the geographical divisions of Fiji have been affected with varying effects. 39,557 people were evacuated and took shelter in 963 evacuations centres. At its peak, over 50,000 people were sheltered in over 1,000 evacuation centres. Due to the extent of the disaster, a State of Emergency was extended into a second month, until 19 April in the areas most severely affected. Water, power, health and educational services and infrastructure were significantly damaged. The government reports 229 schools and other public buildings such as health centres were damaged or destroyed. Livelihoods, particularly those of farmers and fisher people have been significantly impacted. Initial assessments revealed that food, shelter, health, water and sanitation, and restoring family links were the priority needs. Weeks into the emergency response, the humanitarian needs are transiting to emergency shelter, essential non-food items, psychosocial support, water and vector borne disease prevention and hygiene promotion. By the end of April 2016, the shelter cluster figures indicated that about 11,500 houses have been totally destroyed and 19,700 damaged. 2.2 Pre-disaster preparedness In October 2015 the IFRC facilitated a Readiness Workshop in Suva, Fiji. Disaster Management Officers from 7 National Societies in the Pacific attended this workshop. The workshop enabled the partners in the IFRC Disaster Management (DM) system in the Pacific to have a better understanding of their readiness and existing gaps to respond to extreme weather events in the coming cyclone/ El Niño season. The workshop also helped the Pacific National Societies region to have a roster of human resources available. It was intended that the information gathered at the workshop will facilitate the development of a readiness plan which will provide the foundation for a contingency plan for cyclones in the Pacific. To prepare for the cyclone season, the IFRC (CCST) held a regional simulation exercise with the scenario of Category 5 Cyclone hitting Fiji. The office also held a business continuity plan exercise to ensure its support to the National Societies in the region. 2.3 Emergency Response 1 Sex or age disaggregated data not available. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

12 2.3.1 Fiji Government response The Fiji Government led the emergency response with the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) coordinating efforts after activating its National and Divisional Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). The FRCS coordinated closely with the NDMO and was a participant in the high level National Disaster Council. The cluster system has been adopted by the Fiji Government as a mechanism for coordinating response to natural disasters and health in emergencies. All clusters were led by a government ministry and co-led by a humanitarian agency. During the 2-month emergency phase, the authorities have primarily focused on the provision of food supplement targeting the most affected communities and restoration of critical infrastructures including the resumption of schools The Fiji Red Cross Society Response The Fiji Red Cross Society (FRCS) responded to TC Winston by mobilizing its volunteers in rapid assessment and distribution of non-food relief items (NFIs). Over 300 staff and volunteers in the disaster response and the volunteer team leaders were Emergency Response Team (ERT) trained. Assessment data has been used to inform decisions on distribution of relief items. As of 15 April, the FRCS has been to over 700 communities and carried out a total of 14,197 household immediate needs assessment. Relief distribution was conducted with 11,127 households 2. Division Assessed Communities Assessed Households Total Population Number of households reached with relief distributions CENTRAL 193 2,250 7,465 2,250 NORTHERN 99 2,318 11,348 1,843 EASTERN 103 2,011 6,929 1,323 WESTERN 312 7,618 29,164 5,711 TOTAL ,197 54,906 11,127 A national appeal was launched by the FRCS and raised the highest amount of fund ever received by the National Society. The FRCS worked with the IFRC as well as the Australian, New Zealand, French and Pacific Red Cross Societies, as well as the ICRC The International Federation of Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies Response The IFRC Asia Pacific Regional Office (APRO) in Kuala Lumpur and the Country Cluster Support Team (CSST) in Suva, Fiji, supported the operation of the FRCS by activating the disaster response mechanism. IFRC immediately mobilized surge 2 Emergency Plan of Action Revision, Fiji: Tropical Cyclone Winston, 28 April Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

13 capacities from APRO and from neighbouring countries in Vanuatu, Australia and New Zealand. In the initial days of the response, 3 Pacific National Societies staff from Cook Islands, Solomon Islands and the Kingdom of Tonga gave support to the FRCS rapid assessments. The Logistics Coordinator of the Solomon Islands Red Cross Society was deployed as RDRT logistics for a further 3 weeks, attached to the FRCS Logistics Department. The IFRC Regional Logistics Coordinator also stayed in Fiji to support the operation for 4 weeks, together with Logistics Officer of Australian Red Cross who also provided support for 2 weeks. These personnel were actually stranded in Suva by the TC Winston, following their attendance at a UN World Food Program Regional Logistics Cluster Workshop that week that was attended by most Pacific Heads of NDMOs or their representatives and Red Cross Secretaries General of the region, together with either their DM Officers or Logistics Coordinators. The IFRC mobilized CHF317,459 from the Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) to support FRCS with response to the needs of 5,000 people on 23 rd February An Emergency Appeal 3 was launched on 29 th February 2016 with a budget of CHF7 million to support the FRCS in responding to the immediate needs of communities. The target was to support the needs of 38,500 affected people. A revised Emergency Appeal 4 was issued on 26 th April 2016 and the appeal budget was revised to CHF7, 093,143 to support the needs of 50,000 affected people. The IFRC supported the Shelter Cluster with a designated Cluster Coordinator and an Information Management officer. The Shelter Cluster Coordinator provided support for a coordinated approach to assessment, standards and tools. The Australia Red Cross and New Zealand Red Cross also launched national appeals to support the operation. Part of the funding went through the IFRC to support the implementation of the EPoA. There are also on-going discussion with FRCS on bilateral support The International Committee of the Red Cross The ICRC provided support to the FRCS with the Restoring Family Links (RFL) services to communities, both in the short term through its Suva staff and in the weeks following Winston by deploying RFL delegates to Fiji. It also set up a dedicated website from the main FamilyLinks.ICRC.org page to support the tracing of family members. RFL was included as an integral part of the IFRC appeal according to the new Movement approach. The ICRC also provided ad hoc support to the CCST office in the first few days of the response to support to fill gaps and addresses urgent tasks. 3 IFRCS Emergency Appeal MDRF J February IFRCS Emergency Appeal MDRF J001 (Revised) 26 April 2016 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

14 3 Review objectives, criteria, scope and methodology The review was commissioned by the Director of the Asia Pacific Regional Office (APRO), IFRC and conducted in May The review team conducted data collection in Fiji from 8 16 May Besides the following review criteria, the review also looked at the extent to which Movement partners have learned from previous real-time evaluations (RTE) especially that of the TC Pam operation. 3.1 Review Criteria The focus of the review falls within the following criteria: The relevance and appropriateness of delivery of humanitarian assistance to beneficiaries based on needs and context. The coverage in terms of which population groups are included in or excluded from the intervention. Special attention will be given by the review team to the extent to which the response has considered and addressed protection, gender and inclusion concerns; the needs and capacities of vulnerable groups and in particular women, girls and boys and people living with a disability. The efficiency and effectiveness of FRCS and IFRC, as well as response bilaterally provided by the ARCS and NZRCS, in terms of the tools and support. Coordination and support by FRCS and IFRC (CCST Suva, APRO Kuala Lumpur) with Movement partners, bilaterally and multilaterally, and external actors aimed at optimizing the response. Connectedness to ensure short term emergency activities consider longer term recover and capacity development priorities of the FRCS and IFRC. 3.2 Scope The review focused on the FRCS response operation described in the MDRFJ001 DREF EPoA, Emergency Appeal EPoA and its revision. The FRCS and Movement partners are the main focus of the reviews. The response actions of the FRCS, its mobilization of resources according to contingency plan and coordination with the Government were reviewed. The coordination, interaction and support of Movement partners to the FRCS were also considered. The review focused on the overall emergency response, in particular the operation in the island of Viti Levu. The review covered the period when the FRCS took initial response until the time the review team collect the data (May 2016). The review also reflected on the impact of pre-cyclone contingency planning and coordination on the operation. 3.3 Methodology The following methods were adopted in the review process: - Desk review of TC Winston and response operation - Key informant interviews with primary stakeholders, either by individual interviews or focus group interviews, by phone and/or over Skype. - Observation at field and offices. 14 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

15 3.4 Challenges and limitations The review was limited by the following factors: 1) The team has limited time for review preparation and data collection, in particular, the team was only able to visit two districts of Viti Levu and was not able to conduct field visit to the smaller islands. 2) Due to availability of key informants, some of the interviews had to be done through Skype or , which might affect the quality of data collection. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

16 4 Evaluation findings The following are the main findings that came to light from the combined desk and field interviews and discussions, organized broadly by the evaluation questions, criteria and stated purpose of the review as specified in the terms of reference. 4.1 Relevance and appropriateness + Overall, the FRCS response as supported by the IFRC EPoA was considered relevant and appropriate to the needs of affected communities in general. Tarpaulins and shelter tool kits were reported by the community to be the most useful NFIs immediately after the disaster. Questions remained about the proportionality of the response and the appropriateness of some interventions outside FRCS s normal responsibilities. + Relevance was greatly aided by FRCS s preeminent role in assessment. In the early phases, reportedly only FRCS was able to reach communities to assess damage and needs, using its good branch and volunteer network. The assessment missions themselves were evidently appreciated by the communities visited by the review team as a reassuring lifeline. - Capacity at the branches could not facilitate timely input of assessment data into the system, which is one of the factors of delayed response. - Since an old assessment form was used in the first round of assessment, the data collected was not comprehensive and disaggregated by sex / age. This has constrained information sharing and targeting vulnerable groups in response, limiting the impact of the good work of rapid assessment conducted by the FRCS volunteers. - Other issues of relevance concerned shelter and livelihoods. Although these needs were evident priorities in the communities visited, they are also outside of FRCS s usual expertise. The FRCS agreed to take them on contingent on funding. - Efforts were made to consider protection concerns, such as Gender Based Violence and Child Protection, however systems for capturing these will need to be developed no matter which sectors are the focus of Recovery. - Since no sex / age disaggregated assessment data was available in the first round of assessment, it was not possible to review if needs of all groups of the communities were met. 4.2 Coverage + FRCS expanded coverage of NFIs beyond the EPoA targets to more than 13,000 households. Due to the scale of the damage and limited actions of other NGO actors, FRCS learned recently that some communities may have been unintentionally missed until now. FRCS is conducting a second sweep to assess and tend to their needs. + FRCS practitioners are aware of ensuring that the needs of vulnerable groups is taken into account, particularly with regards to gender analysis and norms, the needs of elderly, pregnant women, people with disability. It will be important to ensure that practical strategies and targeted interventions for some of these groups are in place to ensure that no one is left behind in the recovery phase of TC Winston whether in shelter, livelihoods or other sectors. The implementation of the IFRC Minimum 16 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

17 Standard Commitments to Gender and Diversity in Emergency Programming, as well as protection assessment information and overall cross cutting targets can be used to assist this. - The NFIs received by some villages were proportionately small compared to immediate needs in the aftermath of the disaster. In one community in Nalawa district, 150 out of 160 households were destroyed or damaged. The branch was only able to provide 15 tarpaulins through the village headman. - FRCS found it challenging in rolling out the EPoA due to uncertainty in coverage in the first two months of emergency appeal. Managing bi-lateral donation from other PNSs was also challenging in terms of matching funds of different sources to the oneplan. - The beneficiary selection process was challenging in the context of limited resources and insufficient time. There was a suggestion that interior villages were being missed in rapid assessment favour of more accessible and populous roadside communities. Special attention to vulnerable groups in emergency response phase was not clearly observed. Insufficiency of NFIs in the initial stage, availability of volunteers and disaggregated data are the contributing factors 4.3 Effectiveness and efficiency + Overall, FRCS has so far been effective in implementing the response plan with support from Movement partners, particularly IFRC (CCST). + No obvious contradictions of value for money were observed, in light of the obvious challenges in accessibility. An air charter was considered a necessary and reasonable expedient to bring in urgent supplies. + FRCS response was largely timely, and managed, considering that many of the branches and volunteers suffered from disaster damage. Support among FRCS branches contributed a lot to the success of the emergency response, with lessaffected branches lending supplies and personnel. + IFRC DREF was published without delay. + Health and care: The program design on heath sector builds on achievements of the recent FRCS response to a dengue outbreak, and on good relations with Ministry of Health (MoH). It further strengthened FRCS's relation with MoH who wish the FRCS could be even more involved in heath message promotion in non-emergency time. + The FRCS took on a new programme area of psycho-social support (PSS), a development welcomed by branches and volunteers, as well as by the MoH. PSS was also an important protection to volunteers who have close relations with the community. - There was delay in distribution of shelter tool kits due to logistics and planning issues. - Shelter program presents challenges to FRCS, especially in beneficiary selection and technical capacity within FRCS / branch and community. The IFRC (CCST) has Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

18 facilitated collaboration with Habitat for Humanity who provided technical support to training of trainers organized by the FRCS. - Although community members were very positive and outspoken about the effectiveness of FRCS relief distributions, material evidence was thin on the ground, where NDMO-supplied tents were more in evidence than RCRC tarpaulins or jerry cans. - Logistics bottlenecks were experienced due to requirement to indicate government (NDMO) as the consignee. Donation-in-kind by PNS were taken over by and stored at NDMO warehouse, though the consignee was FRCS, which took some time to retrieve. Although no significant issue was identified, there is a loss of control and a risk that essential items could be lost or spoiled. Delays were reported in getting things from NDMO warehouse. - Delays were reported in distribution of NFIs from the National Headquarters to branches, following assessments. - The current expenditure rate of TC Winston operation pledges may be too low to keep pace with the specific timeframe of some of the pledges. - Village heads assisted in beneficiary selection in the emergency response phase. Some of the village heads and villagers were also FRCS volunteers who supported the assessment and relief distribution. However, there was no clear evidence of involving the community systematically as a group in needs assessment, beneficiary selection and feedback to the operation. 4.4 Coordination - IFRC response tools: FRCS understanding of IFRC emergency response tools prior to the disaster was insufficient to inform their decisions. The FRCS had challenge to manage the process effectively, though the IFRC (CCST) provided important support to decision making especially during the first 3 weeks after the disaster. There were elements, such as livelihood, PSS and shelter, that were new to FRCS and which were included in the EPOA, with different level of acceptance by FRCS due to their existing capacities and strategic positioning. + Movement and external coordination: Coordination among Movement partners in the field is effective with support to Movement-wide approach. The ARCS and NZRCS had full participation in the Cyclone Readiness Workshop, involved in planning and discussion of the emergency appeal, and also in subsequent discussion in implementing the EPoA. + Relationship and coordination between FRCS and Fiji government (NDMO, MoH) is good. + Movement partners support a Movement-wide approach to EPoA, including items outside the budget, (e.g. ICRC supported RFL activities in the MDRFJ001 appeal). ARCS and NZRCS also supported with fully funded delegates and NFIs, and bilateral donation to the FRCS. 18 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

19 + IFRC(CCST) provided 2 known, experienced staff embedded into FRCS in the first 2 weeks of emergency with 1 staff directly reported to the Director General and the other to the Operations Manager. With this support, coordination of various pressing matters was taken care of to enable the DG to stay focused and not to be pulled from different directions of priorities. The support was highly appreciated as critical to facilitate decision making of FRCS and strengthened coordination. The FRCS was also supported in the review of all types of HR prospective requirements of the operation. Thus, all recruitments for TC Winston operation basically had 2 purposes: one was to support the effective and efficient conduct of the operation, the second one was to ensure transfer of skills to their counterparts in FRCS. This arrangement was also highly appreciated by the FRCS for supporting the long term organizational development of the NS. - Communication and coordination among FRCS and other response actors could be further improved (valuable FRCS assessment data not timely shared with other humanitarian actors and clusters). - Communication lines in times of emergency among IFRC (APRO, CCST), the IFRC surge team and FRCS are not streamlined and one of the sources of frustration. - Coordination during recovery period will be more challenging, with more actors who were limited in activity in the response phase, to align assistance level in key areas such as shelter repair, to coordinate in coverage and also to achieve synergy. + Operations management: Long standing proactive approach adopted to prepare for the cyclone season (e.g. Cyclone Readiness Workshop, CCST simulation, business continuity simulation). Surge Operations Coordinator was in place since Jan The ownership of the EPoA was further enhanced with its inclusion in the agenda of the FRCS branch presidents' meeting that was conducted recently. This is a good way of sharing responsibilities and accountabilities between the NHQ and branches. The meeting highlighted the significant support needed by the branches to strengthen the organization and deliver this commitment, especially in financial management. - Some branches bank accounts continue to have their previous branch leaders as signatories thus making it very challenging to provide direct financial support prior to the operation or implement recovery programmes. - Potential incoherence across appeal management, project management, operations management and operations coordination roles and responsibilities. - Incoming IFRC staff insufficiently briefed and so unclear on their roles and responsibilities, and some IFRC processes and procedures. - Few opportunities for IFRC and FRCS staff and volunteers to share their experiences and learning and de-stress. Such opportunity is vital to capture learning, and maintain team morale. + HR: Mixing different kinds of surge capacity (RDRT, regional surge and IFRC surge support, peer-to-peer) was a good practice to meet needs of NS and support CCST. + Peer support, especially coming from the Pacific NSs, was appreciated being relevant and rich in context. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

20 - HR support to IFRC (CCST) was sometimes provided in piecemeal, discontinuous way, necessitating multiple handovers and undermining individual accountabilities. HR plan was not clear to the Operations Manager upon his forma appointment to facilitate his management. - Delays in filling critical positions, e.g. Head of CCST, Operations Manager, Finance Development Delegate, and PMER. HR planning could have been clarified with formal appointment of the Operations Manager to support efficient management of human resources and surge capacity. - Not all volunteers mobilized were insured. There is lack of consistency in volunteer registration and induction at branches. 4.5 Connectedness + EPoA is highly connected to FRCS Strategic Plan and IFRC CCST Suva Operation Pan The connectedness is well understood among Movement partners, FRCS staff and branches. + Newfound prominence of FRCS is an opportunity to capitalize on - in many different ways. In particular, the opportunity for branch development is critical over the next 1 to 2 years. + Approach in engaging spontaneous volunteers employed by FRCS is a good practice. - Branch enjoys in some cases exemplary relations with communities (where leaders are members, numerous volunteers, etc.), however, branches, projects or any other presence of Red Cross very inconspicuous. NFIs were not clearly marked and identified as Red Cross donated items in review visit sites. 4.6 Learning from TC Pam operation + IFRC(APRO, CCST) made significant efforts to apply learning from the TC Pam operation. During the TC Winston operation, there was also a lot of learning by individual delegates. + FRCS was able apply learning from the TC Pam operation, in particular, the Director General who was part of the TC Pam RTE team. - Opportunity not taken for the team to debrief and reflect as a team learning process. - Release of TC Pam RTE report was late and scope of dissemination was not clear, which limited learning from previous operation, especially for the newcomers. 20 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

21 5 Conclusions The RCRC Movement played an important role in responding to the TC Winston, especially the FRCS for mobilizing its branch network and volunteers to conduct assessment and relief distribution. The Red Cross was appreciated as the first responder and NFIs were the first assistance received by many communities. There was strong motivation and effort by all partners of the Movement to learn from the TC Pam operation. The FRCS has learned from the TC Pam operation importance of delegation and setting clear roles and responsibilities internally. The IFRC (CCST) has paid a lot of effort to support the FRCS and build their capacity. The IFRC (APRO) is also fully aware of the challenge of the TC Winston operation while the Pacific NSs are still recovering from the TC Pam operation. At the operational level, there were significant achievement in the response phase in assessment, distribution of NFIs and provision of PSS. This achievement is remarkable given the scale of the disaster and the fact that many of the FRCS branches and volunteers suffered from the disasters as well. The FRCS has strong and good relation with the NDMO and Ministry of Health which was instrumental in ensuring its effective operation. The relation was also strengthened as a result of TC Winston operation, as FRCS s strong community network was highly appreciated. The IFRC has taken important steps at various levels to prepare for the cyclone season before the TC Winston which proved to be useful to the TC Winston operation. The Cyclone Readiness Workshop to prepare the DMOs, the simulation exercise at CCST and business continuity simulation for CCST office were activities frequently mentioned by various people. There are different views on how well the IFRC APRO SOP was adhered to during the TC Winston operation. The main difference is on the communication line between the APRO and CCST offices and the FRCS. There were good intentions behind different thoughts and actions to facilitate speedy decision making. How to balance this with ensuring sufficient ownership of the National Society remains a challenge. As the SOP is under the process of review, it is important to have input from IFRC offices and is also a good opportunity to align understanding. There were also discussions on how should the 8 sectors of the IFRC emergency response be applied. Needs of community is a common ground, but views differ on how accountability to various stakeholders could be ensured by taking into consideration of the capacity of the operating National Society. The FRCS has expressed difficulty to deliver the EPoA given its present capacity at the branch level and worry of over-burdening its volunteers. Nonetheless, the FRCS made progress in connecting the EPoA to its strategic plan, with the support from the IFRC. Coordination among Movement partners, namely the FRCS, IFRC, ICRC, ARCS and NZRCS were effective for the operation. Relief stock was mobilized timely though improvement on logistics management at the FRCS could be enhanced. Surge capacity was mobilized with different level of success. PSS delegate from NZRCS was in place on the 7 th day, while deployment of Finance Development Delegate and PMER Delegate took long time. Partners supported the Movement-wide approach in appeal and were involved in the discussion of various stages. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

22 Despite the efforts paid by the IFRC (APRO, CCST) to introduce international appeal tools to the NSs, there was still insufficient knowledge and capacity among the NSs to manage these tools in times of emergency. More dissemination is needed and perhaps could be done more effective with participation of NSs in the dissemination process. The international tools could also be reviewed for its accessibility in the current review of international response tool exercise of the IFRC. The good spirit of learning and continuous enhancement within the FRCS built through the TC Pam and TC Winston operations. There is good prospect for the FRCS to develop its organization and branch capacity through implementing the EPoA. 22 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

23 6 Recommendations The review team makes the following recommendations: 1) Strengthen the existing emergency response tools by: IFRC (APRO, CCST) FRCS - Review IFRC (APRO) SOP with input from IFRC (CCSTs) and take the opportunity to further clarify roles and responsibilities. - Organize briefing to Pacific NS leadership on IFRC tools, e.g. appeal, DREF and EPoA processes and requirements, facilitated by Pacific NS leaders and supported by IFRC. - Support FRCS to develop contingency plan and branch preparedness plans and take relevant actions for better response preparedness. - Develop and promulgate clear and practical guidance on joint/movementwide appeals, including concerns about links to budget, coverage, bilateral and in-kind donations. - Standardize timeline of release and scope of dissemination of RTE reports. Distil review learning among NSs and Movement partners in the region and facilitate learning through Pacific NS leadership platform. - Strengthen emergency response mechanism, including assessment, at both the NHQ and branch level. Conduct briefing on assessment and information management at branch level. Provide induction to branch leadership on roles and responsibilities especially during emergencies and disasters. - Review logistics arrangement, including pre-disaster agreements and location of pre-stock NFIs to ensure efficient mobilization of relief items. - Strengthen community engagement in emergency response. Set clear criteria and procedures in beneficiary selection to give priority to the most vulnerable groups. 2) Build stronger National Society with the TC Winston EPoA by: IFRC (CCST) FRCS - Support FRCS to strengthen finance management system at NHQ and branch level. - Support FRCS to leverage on collaboration with other actors, such as the Shelter Cluster. - Provide technical inputs into the recovery plan to align to IFRC Minimum Standard Commitments to Gender and Diversity. - Review and integrate training for both FRCS volunteers and communities. E.g. integrated training on disaster management, health and PSS, review training content of ERT. - Support branches development, including reviewing constitution of branches and finance management system, improve physical set-up. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

24 - Absorb newly recruit volunteers in TC Winston operation into regular volunteer pool. Standardize volunteer registration, induction and volunteer support at NHQ and branch level. Review volunteer insurance arrangement. - Strengthen DRR programmes, tapping on heightened community awareness of disaster. 3) Continue to strengthen surge capacity by: IFRC (APRO, CCST) - Build stronger RDRT capacity in the region for future deployment to support capacity building of Pacific NSs. Continue to build and maximize regional surge and peer-to-peer capacity. - Streamline decisions on mobilization of human resources to support the IFRC (CCST) in the operation. - Conduct debriefing in offices after an emergency operation to ensure collective learning and well-being of staff to build human capital. - Provide formal induction / orientation for incoming staff, even within the context of emergencies. Details of proposed recommendations are indicated below, organized per evaluation criteria and finding. 6.1 Relevance & appropriateness Findings Recommendations Action for The FRCS has good branch and volunteer network which played a vital role in needs assessment. However, capacity at the branches could not facilitate timely input of assessment data into the system, which caused a delay in data analysis and resource mobilization. There is a need to review and establish comprehensive assessment mechanism and process, disseminate the revised assessment form to ensure more comprehensive data could be collected and shared (including sex and age disaggregated data and individual beneficiary selection data rather than only household data). Equipment and designated person in place to support timely input of assessment data at branch. Develop clear assessment mechanism, conduct briefing on assessment and information management at branch level. Review training content and structure provided for branch, e.g. content of ERT training. FRCS IFRC (CCST), FRCS FRCS 24 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

25 6.2 Coverage Findings Recommendations Action for Proportion of emergency response is significantly low compared to immediate needs in the aftermath of the disaster. Support FRCS to develop IFRC(CCST), contingency plan and the FRCS branch preparedness plans to build up capacity for the future. Beneficiary selection process was challenging in the context: limited resources, not sufficient time, limited attention to meeting needs of most vulnerable first (due to absence of data for vulnerability analysis). FRCS practitioners are aware of ensuring that vulnerable groups' needs are met through gender and diversity analysis, and targeted action to meet the needs of elderly, pregnant women, people with disability in the recovery phase of TC Winston. Particular attention will need to be given to protection concerns and gender-based violence prevention and child protection education measures, including in shelter and with extended families. Special attention to vulnerable groups in emergency response phase was not clearly observed, and focus groups with distinct groups were not recorded. More discussion with men, women, youth, and non-leadership needed to inform Recovery. Identify gaps with second sweep of assessment and take actions. Clear beneficiary selection criteria and procedure in place. Provide technical inputs into the recovery plan to align to IFRC Minimum Standard Commitments to Gender and Diversity. Capture the experience and share with the gender and diversity network and the wider IFRC and NS audience. Strengthen community engagement / beneficiary communication of FRCS. Strengthen emergency response mechanism at branch level. FRCS IFRC(CSST), FRCS IFRC (CCST), FRCS 6.3 Effectiveness and Efficiency Findings Recommendations Action for Expenditure of TC Winston operation may be too low to keep pace with timeframe of operation and pledges. Adopt appropriate financial processes to ensure cash transfers continue and otherwise ensure that individual funds will be utilized in time or consider the possibility of extending the appeal timeframe. FRCS, IFRC (APRO, CCST) Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

26 The program design on health sector rides on the capacity and achievement of the FRCS response to dengue outbreak, and the good relation the FRCS has built with the MoH. It further strengthened FRCS' relation with Ministry of Heath who wish the FRCS could be even more involved in heath message promotion in nonemergency time. Logistics bottlenecks due to requirement to indicate government (NDMO) as the consignee. Although no items have been lost so far, there is a loss of control and a risk that essential items could be lost or spoiled. Delay in distribution of NFIs from HQ to branches after assessments. Support between FRCS branches contributed a lot to the success of the emergency response. The FRCS took on the new element of PSS in TC Winston operation, which was welcomed by branch and volunteers, and the MoH. Shelter program presents challenge to FRCS, esp. in beneficiary selection, protection, and technical capacity within FRCS / branch and community. Continue to build on the capacity and achievements of the FRCS in the long term development. FRCS should negotiate with NDMO for pre-disaster agreement to have FRCS to be consignee and for FRCS to be responsible for clearing and distribution and fees. FRCS should ensure adequate base storage at HQ or on-site. Training on assessment and information management. Review location of NFI stock across the country. Divisional stock centres could be set up to facilitate mobilization. Develop response mechanism and SOPs at the branch level. Conduct regular induction for branch leaders. Integrate PSS into future training to make it a long term initiative of the FRCS. Consider integrated training (DM + Health + PSS) for volunteers. Promote importance of PSS in emergencies with Pacific NS leadership forum. Support FRCS to leverage on collaboration with other actors, such as the Shelter Cluster. IFRC (CCST), FRCS FRCS FRCS FRCS IFRC (CCST), FRCS IFRC (CCST), FRCS 6.4 Coordination Findings Recommendations Action for Elements new to FRCS included in the EPoA by the IFRC, with different level of acceptance by FRCS due to capacity and strategic positioning. PSS was reintegrated. Livelihood, cash- Streamline communication and messages delivered, to ensure ownership of the National Society. Balance needs of the community and capacity of the National IFRC (APRO, CCST) 26 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

27 programming and shelter presents challenges. Mixed surge capacity (RDRT, regional surge and IFRC surge support, peer-topeer) is good to meet needs of NS and support CCST. Peer-to-peer support mechanism is appreciated as the peers from the Pacific NSs have good knowledge and experience in the regional context. Delays in filling critical positions, e.g. HoD, Ops Manager, Finance Development Delegate, PMER. HR support to IFRC CCST was provided in discontinuous way. Not all volunteers mobilized were insured. There is lack of consistency in volunteer registration and induction at branches. FRCS understanding on IFRC emergency response tools insufficient to inform efficient decisions. Movement partners support a Movementwide approach to Emergency Plan of Action, including items outside the budget, e.g. ICRC supported RFL activities in the MDRFJ001 appeal. IFRC CCST embedded 2 known, experienced staff into FRCS in the first 2 weeks of emergency to support DG and Ops Manager. The support was highly appreciated as critical to facilitate decision making of FRCS and strengthened coordination. Society to ensure accountability. Build stronger RDRT capacity in the region for future deployment to support capacity building of Pacific NSs. Maximize regional surge and peer-to-peer capacity. Improve system and process to make efficient decisions and HR arrangement. Review volunteer insurance arrangement. Standardize volunteer registration, induction and volunteer support at branch levels. Briefing to Pacific NS leadership on IFRC tools, e.g. appeal, DREF and EPoA processes and requirements, facilitated by Pacific NS leaders supported by IFRC. Provide input to the global review on response tools to explore possibility of simplifying some of the tools. Develop and promulgate clear and practical guidance on joint/movement-wide appeals, including concerns about links to budget, coverage, bilateral and inkind donations. Good practices to analyse and share. IFRC (APRO, CCST) IFRC (APRO, CCST), NSs IFRC (APRO, CCST) FRCS IFRC (APRO, CCST), Pacific NSs IFRC IFRC (APRO, CCST) Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

28 The ownership of the EPoA is further enhanced with its inclusion in the agenda of the Branch Presidents' Meeting that was conducted recently. This is a good way of sharing responsibilities and accountabilities between the HQ and branches. The meeting highlighted the significant support needed by the branches to organize themselves and deliver this commitment, especially in financial management. Some branch bank accounts continue to have their previous branch leaders as signatories thus making it very challenging to provide direct financial support prior to the operation. Proactive approach adopted to prepare for the cyclone, e.g. Cyclone Readiness Workshop, CCST simulation, business continuity simulation. Some potential incoherence in appeal management, project management and operations management, and operations coordination roles and responsibilities. There were different understandings on approach how technical input from IFRC APRO should be provided to the IFRC CCST to support the FRCS in the appeal process. Surge for Operations s Coordinator in place since Jan Incoming staff of IFRC unclear on some IFRC processes and procedures. Few opportunities for IFRC and FRCS staff and volunteers to share their experiences and earning and de-stress. Opportunity to capture earning, and maintain team morale. Capture this good practice and share with other NSs in AP and other regions. Provide finance development support to Fiji RC HQ to strengthen finance management capacity, cascade training and support to the branches. Maximize the tools, e.g. correct participation in meetings and dissemination of meeting outcomes beyond participants, involvement of KL DCPRR and NS Leadership. Rationalize and provide inputs to IFRC (APRO) SOP review. Optimize the role and capacity of surge support. Formal induction / orientation for incoming staff, even within the context of emergencies. Debriefing should be conducted after an emergency operation to ensure collective learning and well-being of staff to build human capital. IFRC (APRO, CCST) IFRC (APRO, CCST) IFRC (APRO, CCST) IFRC (CCST) IFRC (APRO, CCST) IFRC (ARRO, CCST) 6.5 Connectedness Findings Recommendations Action for 28 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

29 The EPoA is highly connected to the FRCS Strategic Plan and IFRC CCST Suva Operational Plan The connectedness is understood among Movement partners, FRCS staff and branches. Branches enjoys in some cases exemplary relations with communities (where leaders are members, numerous volunteers, etc.) however, branches, projects or any other presence of Red Cross very inconspicuous. NFIs not clearly identified in review visit sites. Branch development is critical in coming 1 to 2 years Newfound prominence of FRCS is an opportunity to capitalize on - in many different ways Approach in engaging spontaneous volunteers employed by FRCS is a good practice. 6.6 Learning from tropical cyclone Pam A good practice to analyse and share with other NSs. Increase visibility as part of branch development, including branch signs, sign posts for project areas and branding of NFIs. Continue to support branches under EPoA and Operational Plan, including reviewing constitution of branches, physical set-up, volunteer and member recruitment / mobilization / retention. Branch Presidents and Executives induction on roles and responsibilities especially during emergencies and disasters. Consider wide range of opportunities in immediate terms, including branch development and resource mobilization, etc. Strengthen DRR programmes, tapping on heightened community awareness of disaster. Fully document. Standardise and promulgate practice among branch. Share broadly e.g. Volunteer Solution Bank. IFRC (APRO, CCST) FRCS FRCS FRCS FRCS, IFRC (APRO, CCST) Findings Recommendations Action for There was a lot of effort in IFRC (APRO, CCST) and FRCS to apply earning from TC Pam operation. During the TC Winston operation, there was also a lot of learning by individual delegates but there was not an opportunity for the team to debrief and reflect as a team earning process. Standardize timeline of release and scope of dissemination of RTE reports. RTEs and reviews should be released in the shortest possible time to be fully utilized. IFRC (APRO, CCST) Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

30 Release of TC Pam RTE report was late and scope of dissemination was not clear, which limited learning from previous operation especially for the newcomers. Include leadership / management of National Society in RTE / reviews as much as possible. Facilitate learning through Pacific NS leadership platform, such as SG meetings. IFRC offices should distil review learning among NSs and Movement partners in the region. IFRC (APRO, CCST), PNS, ICRC 30 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

31 7 Bibliography Baker, J., Palkovits, K., Abeywickrama, T., Keen, P., Lee, C. October Real Time Evaluation of the Nepal Earthquake Response Operation. IFRC. Dunn, S., Nainoca, F., Bains, A., Lyons, M. September, Real time evaluation of the IFRC response to Tropical Cyclone Pam Final Report. IFRC. Fiji Government Fiji National Disaster Management Plan. Fiji Government Fiji Natural Disaster Management Act. Fiji Government, National Emergency Operation Centre Tropical Cyclone Winston Situation Report Fiji Red Cross Society Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan. Fiji Red Cross Society Strategic Plan Greenhaigh, L., Bamforth, T., Neudorf, G., Siddiqui, A. March 2014.Real-time evaluation of the Philippines Haiyan Response. IFRC. IFRC Framework for Evaluation. IFRC Annual (Pacific NS) Secretaries General Meeting Report. IFRC. October Annual (Pacific) Secretaries General Meeting document IFRC. November Pacific Disaster Preparedness Workshop 2015: Outcomes Summary Report. IFRC Fiji - Tropical Cyclone Winston (MDRFJ001) DREF Operation. 23 February IFRC Fiji - Tropical Cyclone Winston (MDRFJ001) Emergency Appeal. 01 March IFRC Fiji - Tropical Cyclone Winston (MDRFJ001) Emergency Appeal Revision April IFRC Emergency Plan of Action. Fiji Tropical Cyclone Winston (MDRF J001). 28 April IFRC Fiji - Tropical Cyclone Winston (MDRFJ001) Emergency Appeal Revision 1. Operations Update March IFRC Operational Plan 2016, Country Cluster Support Team Suva. IFRC. September IFRC Secretariat Standard Operating Procedures for Disaster Response and Early Recovery in Asia Pacific. SG meeting communique to IFRC. October 27, Shelter Cluster. April Fiji Factsheet. Shelter Humanitarian Action Plan: Shelter Cluster Strategy for Fiji TC Winston. Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

32 IFRC TC Winston Observation Mission Report, March 15-20, IFRC CCST Suva. 32 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016

33 Annex 1 Maps: Path of TC Winston Figure 1: The path of Tropical Cyclone Winston Source: IFRC Fiji - Tropical Cyclone Winston (MDRFJ001) Emergency Appeal. 01 March Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June

34 Figure 2 Path of Tropical Cyclone Winston through Fiji 34 Final Report Review on RCRC Movement Response to TC Winston June 2016