Some Propositions on Basic Research: Discussion

Transcription

1 Some Propositions on Basic Research: Discussion David F. J. Campbell Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien / University of Applied Arts Vienna david.campbell@uni-ak.ac.at Presentation (Vienna): May 06, 2015

2 Table of Contents References Research Innovation Cross-Employment Outlook 2 of 27

3 References Carayannis, Elias G. / David F. J. Campbell (2010). Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix: How Do Knowledge, Innovation and the Environment Relate to Each Other? A Proposed Framework for Transdisciplinary Analysis of Sustainable Development and Social Ecology. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1 (1), Carayannis, Elias G. / David F. J. Campbell (2009). Mode 3 and Quadruple Helix : Toward a 21st Century Fractal Innovation Ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management 46 (3/4), Campbell, David F. J. / Wolfgang H. Güttel (2005). Knowledge Production of Firms: Research Networks and the Scientification of Business R&D. International Journal of Technology Management 31 (1/2), of 27

4 References Carayannis, Elias G. / David F. J. Campbell (2014). Developed Democracies versus Emerging Autocracies: Arts, Democracy, and Innovation in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 3:12 ( and Bast, Gerald / Elias G. Carayannis / David F. J. Campbell (eds.) (2015). Arts, Research, Innovation and Society. New York, NY: Springer ( y+management/book/ ). Carayannis, Elias G. (Editor-in-Chief); Igor N. Dubina, Norbert Seel, David F. J. Campbell, Dimitri Uzunidis (Associate Editors) (2013). Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Springer ( and 4 of 27

5 Research (1) The Value of Science: The focus of this small input presentation should be on research, better basic research, and possibilities for its organization (in the future). Knowledge Society, Knowledge Economy and Knowledge Democracy have the implication that the importance of basic research increases (= as one expression of a more of knowledge). But: How to organize basic research? 5 of 27

6 Research (2) Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2009) Comment: Vannevar Bush ( Science: The Endless Frontier, 1945) never explicitly mentioned the concept/word innovation. 6 of 27

7 Research (3) Definition of Basic Research (OECD, Frascati Manual 2002, p. 30): 7 of 27

8 Research (4) 8 of 27

9 Research (5) Mode 1: traditional ( without any particular application or use in view, OECD) basic university research, disciplinarily organized Mode 2: Knowledge Produced in the Context of Application Transdisciplinarity Heterogeneity and Organizational Diversity Social Accountability and Reflexivity Quality Control 9 of 27

10 Research (5) 10 of 27

11 Research (6) New challenges for knowledge production (research, R&D): Basic Research in the Context of Application (Carayannis and Campbell, 2009; Campbell and Carayannis, 2013). This is different form applied research or Knowledge Produced in the Context of Application. Is Basic Research in the Context of Application also an expression of trans-disciplinarity? Trans-disciplinarity = Interdisciplinarity (Disiciplinarity) in the Context of Application. 11 of 27

12 Research (7) Problem: Does the OECD definition of basic research underestimate basic research (in our current context of knowledge societies and economies)? What would be possible effects of an alternative discussion of basic research, such as (example definition): Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without or with a particular application or use in view (in the long run). 12 of 27

13 Innovation (1) Source: Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff (2000) 13 of 27

14 Innovation (2) Leydesdorff website: Source: Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff (2000) 14 of 27

15 Innovation (3) Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2014) 15 of 27

16 Innovation (4) Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2010, 2014) 16 of 27

17 Innovation (5) Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2014) 17 of 27

18 Innovation (6) Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2010, 2014) 18 of 27

19 Innovation (7) The concept of the academic firm could refer to: a whole firm; subunit, subdivision or branch of a commercial firm; certain characteristics of a whole (commercial) firm. 19 of 27

20 Innovation (8) Possible characteristics (attributes) of the academic firm: Knowledge-based, knowledge-oriented, knowledge-creating Incorporates academic values: motivates employees, creates bonds of trust Engages in networks with universities (HEIs), can access university knowledge (e.g., basic university research) Allows academic research work (academic publications can act as incentives for codifying tacit knowledge) Support, enable continued education, life-long learning and partial absence/leave of employees Allows split employment of employees with other (academic) organizations, institutions Should foster Creative Knowledge Environments (CKE: see Hemlin, Allwood, Martin, 2004) 20 of 27

21 Innovation (9) Source: Campbell, Carayannis & Güttel (2014) 21 of 27

22 Innovation (10) [repeated slide] Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2009) Comment: Vannevar Bush ( Science: The Endless Frontier, 1945) never explicitly mentioned the concept/word innovation. 22 of 27

23 Innovation (11) Source: Carayannis & Campbell (2009) 23 of 27

24 Cross- Employment (1) Source: Campbell (2014) 24 of 27

25 Cross-Employment (2) Source: Campbell (2014) 25 of 27

26 Cross- Employment (3) Source: Campbell (2014) 26 of 27

27 Outlook Discussion Points: What are the implications for basic research or for basic research in the context of application? What are implications for strategy, policy and governance (development)? What are the implications for universities and possible academic firms? How does cross-employment change careers (within and outside academia)? What are possible (better) designs for non-linear innovation (what can be here the role of fractals )? What are innovation eco-systems? 27 of 27