Preparation of the EU Biennial Report and EU 6th National Communication under the UNFCCC

Transcription

1 Preparation of the EU Biennial Report and EU 6th National Communication under the UNFCCC Structure and guidance for submission of national communication and biennial report in one report (Annex I to the 1 st Interim Report) Service Contract No /2012/634210/SER/CLIMA.A3 28. February 2013 Authors: Anke Herold (Öko-Institut) Öko-Institut e.v. Büro Berlin Schicklerstr. 5-7 D Berlin Tel.: +49-(0) Fax: +49-(0) Geschäftsstelle Freiburg Postfach 1771 D Freiburg i.br. Tel.: +49-(0) Fax: +49-(0) Büro Darmstadt Rheinstraße 95 D Darmstadt Tel.: +49-(0) Fax: +49-(0)

2 The views expressed in this study represent only the views of the authors and not those of DG CLIMA or any other organization. 2

3 Content 1 Structure and guidance for submission of national communication and biennial report in one report Legal requirements Structure of the report Outline and structure for option 1 NC and BR in one document Quantified economy-wide emission reduction target Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets

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5 List of abbreviations BR CITL COP CRF CTF ESD ETS EU GCOS GHG GWP KP LULUCF MMR MRV MS NC NIR PAM QELRC SEF UNFCCC WAM WEM WOM Biennial report Community Independent Transaction Log Conference of Parties Common Reporting Format Common Tabular Format Effort Sharing Decision Emission trading system European Union Global Climate Observing System Greenhouse Gases Global Warming Potential Kyoto Protocol Land use, land use Change and Forestry Monitoring Mechanism Regulation Monitoring, Reporting and Verification EU Member State National Communication National Inventory Report policies and measures quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment Standard Electronic Format for reporting Kyoto Protocol units United Nations framework convention on climate change With additional measures scenario With existing measures scenario without measures scenario 5

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7 1 Structure and guidance for submission of national communication and biennial report in one report At COP 17 in Durban it was decided that Annex I Parties in the future have to submit biennial reports under the UNFCCC every two years and related guidelines were agreed in decision 2/CP.17. Subsequently at COP 18 in Doha a common reporting template was agreed for the reporting of quantified information related to some of the provisions. This new reporting requirement is in parallel to the requirement arising from the Convention to submit national communications. Decision 2/CP.17 also established the frequency for the submission of national communications with every four years. The first biennial report is due by 1 January 2014 together with the 6 th national communication. Subsequently in the future every four years both national communications and biennial reports have to be reported at the same point time. The key elements and contents of both reports are overlapping in some areas. Therefore this paper aims to provide further considerations and guidance how the information could be organized in an efficient way while ensuring that the UNFCCC reporting requirements are met. After the first round of reporting BRs, there will be a review of the BR reporting guidelines based on the experiences. In addition, there are also plans to revise the reporting guidelines for Annex I national communications. These revisions should consider the issue of duplication of information and efficiency of reporting in those years in which both reports are due. Paragraph 15 of decision 2/CP.17 on the reporting requirements for biennial reports for Annex I Parties requires that in the years when the full national communications are submitted, developed country Parties should present the biennial reports as an annex to the national communications or as a separate report. Thus, the decision allows two options: 1. The preparation of the biennial report as a separate report and the submission of two self-standing reports in the years in which both a national communication and a biennial report is due. 2. The inclusion of the relevant information in an Annex to the national communication. There are substantial overlaps between the information requirements in both reports with regard to: the GHG inventory information, information on mitigation actions or policies and measures, GHG emission projections and information on financial resources. In addition, it has to be taken into account that the national communication has to include the supplementary information under Article 7, paragraph 2 of the Kyoto Protocol which is specified in decision 15/CMP.1, part II: 7

8 This paper analyses the legal requirements in order to propose a structure for both reports for the EU 6 th national communication. Based on the approach elaborated for the EU submission, this paper should also serve as guidance for Member States on how to best approach the reporting of the national communication and biennial reports in one submission. 8

9 1.1 Legal requirements The reporting requirements for national communications and biennial reports are included in the following decisions and documents: Document FCCC/CP1999/7 UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II. Decision 15/CMP.1: Guidelines for the preparation of the information required under Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol Decision 2/CP.17: UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties (FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1) and Annex I to this decision For the 5th national communication the UNFCCC secretariat prepared an annotated outline which is also used in this paper, however this outline does not have a mandatory legal status and is more a good practice recommendation Structure of the report The language of paragraph 15 of decision 2/CP.17 on the reporting requirements for biennial reports for Annex I Parties requires that in the years when the full national communications are submitted, developed country Parties should present the biennial reports as an annex to the national communications or as a separate report. This wording seems to exclude the option to integrate the content of the biennial reports in the national communication in those years in which both reports are due and in those areas that form part of both reports. An integration of the information would neither fulfil the requirement of the Annex, nor the separate report. The substantive requirement is to submit a clearly recognizable self-standing report. This requirement is also related to the procedure of international assessment and review to which the biennial report will be submitted (the national communication will not go through this process). This means that the information that will undergo this assessment procedure should be clearly recognizable for the team undertaking the IAR. The biennial report is composed by a main body of the report and a common tabular format (CTF) as contained in the annex of decision #/CP.18. The CTF is a separate electronic reporting application and is therefore already an annex or appendix to the biennial report which is separate from the other information as it is an electronic reporting application and not a pdf/word-document. Consequently there are the following two basic options: Option 1: NC and Biennial Report in one document, BR as annex National communication, main part Annex 1 Biennial report, 1 Available at 9

10 Annex 2: CTF of biennial report 2 Annex 3 etc. Other Annexes (as outlined in the annotated outline from UNFCCC secretariat) o Annex 3.1 Summary tables on emission trends o Annex 3.2 Summary of reporting of supplementary information under Article 7, paragraph 2 of the Kyoto Protocol. There may also be the option to include the Annex with the CTF of the biennial report in the annex of the biennial report to emphasize the link between these two documents. Option 2: NC and Biennial report in separate reports Separate report: National communication o With Annexes to National Communication as outlined in annotated outline for NC from UNFCCC secretariat Separate report: Biennial report o Annex: electronic reporting application: CTF of biennial report Duplication of information referencing information As there is a considerable amount of overlapping information between the national communication and the biennial report, the question arises whether specific information could be put in one of the reports and referenced in the other report or the other part of the report to avoid a large amount of duplication of the same information. Such referencing is not recommended for option 2 with separate reports because the submission of clearly separate reports could be seen as a lack of complete and transparent information when sections would mainly contain references to sections in other separate reports. For Option 1, one report with several annexes, all annexes form part of one report and this facilitates cross-references to other sections. Thus, option 1 seems to offer some advantages related to cross-referencing of information, e.g. parts of the report (national communication) and annex (biennial report) could refer to the quantitative information contained in the CTF agreed for the biennial report; this contains very similar tables as 2 In line recommendations for scientific publications the term annex is used for a standalone document that offers additional information than contained in the main document which can be considered without the main text. An appendix contains data that cannot be placed in the main document and has a reference in the original copy and cannot be submitted without the main copy. Other sources of style guides for engineering standards point out that an appendix is informative including nice to have information, whereas an annex is normative including the must have information. Based on this understanding the term annex is used generally because the defined annexes include mandatory information that can be read separately from the main document. 10

11 the ones in the guidelines for national communications (e.g. projections and mitigation action/ policies and measures and inventory information). If some cross-referencing is used in option 1 in the overlapping sections, it is recommended to put the more detailed information in the Annex with the biennial report, to facilitate the fact that this part of the information has to be updated every second year and the subsequent submission will be without the national communication. The subsequent submission of the BR can therefore be updated more easily. The main part of the national communication can then refer to the annex with the biennial report. The better ability to cross-reference within option 1 allows preparing a more userfriendly less-voluminous report. However also in this case, it is not completely clear how the review of the NC and BR reports will react to extensive cross-references between the two parts in option 1. This is also difficult to answer at this point in time as there is still an ongoing negotiation process on the preparation of review guidelines for national communications and biennial reports. 3 However, a review team can potentially not really argue that information is incomplete when the information is included in the same report and only crossreferenced in another part of the same submission. In relation to any cross-referencing, it has to be taken into account that the national communication covers the previous four years since the last report and the biennial report covers the previous two years. However in many areas these different periods do not have strong implications, e.g. for the reporting of the most up-to-date emission trends or projections in a consistent way in both reports, it is irrelevant what information was reported two or four years ago. The information on policies and measures or mitigation actions in both reports also covers the most up-to-date status and includes a complete reporting in each report. With regard to information on financial support, the BR includes information for the years X-3 and X-2 where X is the reporting year. The national communication guidelines contain outdated dates for the finance information, therefore a reference to the same tables as included in the BR does not constitute a deviation from the NC reporting guidelines. Hence, the different reporting periods do not necessarily constitute a problem for the cross-referencing of information. 3 The workplan for the revision and elaboration of the guidelines foresees adoption at COP 19 at the end of 2013 under the Convention and there is a parallel work process related to the review guidelines under the Kyoto Protocol with the same timelines (see draft CP decision on the work programme on the revision of the guidelines for the review of biennial reports and national communications, including national inventory reviews, for developed country Parties (FCCC/SBSTA/2012/L.28) and draft CMP decision on the Implications of the implementation of decisions 2/CMP.7 to 5/CMP.7 on the previous decisions on methodological issues related to the Kyoto Protocol, including those relating to Articles 5, 7 and 8 of the Kyoto Protocol (FCCC/SBSTA/2012/L.29) 11

12 Management of consistency Option 2 is more challenging with regard to ensuring consistent information in both reports. If the reports are submitted as separate documents but include the same information related to areas such as GHG projections or finance information, any revisions and updating during the preparation always needs to happen in parallel in two reports. Or alternatively the information for one of the reports is only separated at a very late stage, which may pose problems with the internal consistency of this report. Whether such document management issues constitute problems may also depend on internal arrangements and the organisation of the work. When the work is split to different separate teams coordinated by a coordinator who is mainly overlooking the process, it seems more difficult to work on two separate reports in parallel. If there would be a main writing team that collects information from other departments or divisions and prepares both reports, it seems easier to ensure the consistency of the information across the separate reports. Clarity to Non-UNFCCC experts To any reader who is not very familiar with the UNFCCC reporting process it may raise questions why a country prepares an independent biennial report and a national communication separately at the same time, but containing identical information. Thus in particular option 2 may raise questions for outside readers whereas in option 1 it is easier for readers not very familiar with the UNFCCC requirements to understand that both reports are closely linked with each other. Table 1 Comparison of option 1 and option 2 Cross-referencing to information, avoid duplication Option 1: NC and Biennial Report in one document, BR as annex Option 2: NC and Biennial report in separate reports + - Management of consistency + - Clarity of structure and content to non-unfccc experts + - For the EU submission it is therefore recommended to use option 1 - the submission of the national communication and biennial report in one document - because option 1 is the preferred option in all consideration above (see also Table 1). 12

13 The following section will closer look into the structure and content of this option, in particular into the sections with overlapping information and provides a recommendation how this option could be structured. 1.3 Outline and structure for option 1 NC and BR in one document As explained in the section above, option 1 includes the NC and BR in one document in the following general structure: National communication, main part Annex 1 Biennial report Annex 2: CTF of biennial report 4 Annex 3 etc. Other Annexes o Annex 3.1 Summary of reporting of supplementary information under Article 7, paragraph 2 of the Kyoto Protocol. o Annex 3.2: Only other relevant information to be put in an annex The following proposal for a more detailed structure is based on the following guidance documents: National communication: Document FCCC/CP/1999/7 UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II. Decision 15/CMP.1: Guidelines for the preparation of the information required under Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol Annotated Outline for Fifth National Communications of Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC, including Reporting Elements under the Kyoto Protocol Biennial report: Decision 2/CP.17: UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties (FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1) and Annex I to this decision Draft decision -/CP.18: Common tabular format for UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties. The annotations to the proposed outline below in particular make proposals on how to include information in those areas where the content of NCs overlap with BRs. Sec- 4 In line recommendations for scientific publications the term annex is used for a standalone document that offers additional information than contained in the main document which can be considered without the main text. An appendix contains data that cannot be placed in the main document and has a reference in the original copy and cannot be submitted without the main copy. Other sources of style guides for engineering standards point out that an appendix is informative including nice to have information, whereas an annex is normative including the must have information. Based on this understanding the term annex is used generally because the defined annexes include mandatory information that can be read separately from the main document. 13

14 tions with such proposals are marked in red and the headings are underlined. Sections that include KP requirements are marked in green. Outline and structure: Executive summary (It is proposed that the executive summary covers both reports) < 15 pages (para 7, UNFCCC NC guidelines) National Communication 1) National circumstances relevant to GHG emissions and removals (para 8 UNFCCC NC guidelines) a. Government structure: for example, roles and responsibilities of different levels of government; b. Population profile: for example, total population, density and distribution; c. Geographic profile: for example, area, latitude, land-use and ecosystems; d. Climate profile: for example, temperature distribution, annual temperature variations, precipitation distribution, climate variability and extreme events; e. Economic profile: for example, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita (expressed in domestic currency and purchasing parities), GDP by sector, international trade patterns; f. Energy (by fuel types where appropriate): for example, energy resource base, production, consumption, market structure, prices, taxes, subsidies, trade; g. Transportation: for example, modes (passenger and freight), travel distances, fleet characteristics; h. Industry: for example, structure; i. Waste: for example, waste sources, management practices; j. Building stock and urban structure: for example, profile of residential and commercial buildings; k. Agriculture: for example, structure, management practices; l. Forest: for example, types, management practices; m. Other circumstances. 2) GHG inventory information a. Summary information from the national greenhouse gas inventory: reference to the CTF BR table 1 with the quantitative inventory which is consistent with the CRF trend tables from the inventory submission. The NC could in addition include some graphical presentations of the emission trends. b. Descriptive information on GHG emission trends and drivers: can be taken from the national inventory report, chapter 2 trends in GHG emis- 14

15 sions. Either this section can be copied in both parts (NC and BR) or the national communication could refer to the description in BR. c. National systems in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 1 of KP The substantive requirements for national systems are included in paragraph 30 of the Annex to decision 15/CMP.1. The information in this section should address all subitems. Descriptive information on national systems can be copied from the NIR, (chapter 1.2 description of institutional arrangements for inventory preparation) however it should be checked, whether all subitems are addressed in the NIR. i. The name and contact information for the national entity and its designated ii. representative with overall responsibility for the national inventory of the Party iii. The roles and responsibilities of various agencies and entities in relation to the inventory development process, as well as the institutional, legal and procedural arrangements made to prepare the inventory iv. A description of the process for collecting activity data, for selecting emission factors and methods, and for the development of emission estimates v. A description of the process and the results of key source identification and, where relevant, archiving of test data vi. A description of the process for the recalculation of previously submitted inventory data vii. A description of the quality assurance and quality control plan, its implementation and the quality objectives established, and information on internal and external evaluation and review processes and their results in accordance with the guidelines for national systems viii. A description of the procedures for the official consideration and approval of the inventory. d. National registry Each Party shall provide a description of how its national registry performs functions defined in the annexes to decisions 13/CMP.1 and 5/CMP.1, and conformity with the requirements of the technical standards for data exchange (DES). Similar to the information on the national system, this information is also provided in the national inventory report and should be copied from the supplementary KP information, following the current attempt to prepare a consistent set of information on the changes to the Union registry currently conducted between Commission, 15

16 registry experts and inventory experts for the 2013 inventory submission. 3) Policies and measures Policy-making process a. Description of the overall policy context, national GHG targets, strategies for sustainable development, inter-ministerial decision-making process/bodies, as well as a description of the system for monitoring and evaluation of policies and measures over time (paragraph 20 of guidelines) b. Brief description of the way in which progress is monitored and evaluated over time, institutional arrangements for monitoring of mitigation policies. c. Domestic and regional programmes and/or legislative arrangements and enforcement and administrative procedures including institutional arrangements for monitoring of GHG mitigation policy, procedures for addressing cases of non-compliance under domestic law, institutional arrangements and decision-making procedures that it has in place to coordinate activities relating to participation in the mechanisms under Articles 6, 12 and 17, including the participation of legal entities. The requirements for biennial reports also address the policy-making process in paragraph 7, however the priority is on the changes in the arrangements for compliance, monitoring, reporting, archiving and evaluation of progress as addressed in c) above and not on the policy-making process as such. Thus section c) could be repeated or only the changes explained in section c could be included in the BR. Description of policies and measures d. Description of policies and measures i. Key main elements (paragraph 22 of NC guidelines) to be reported are the same as in the guidelines for biennial reports, therefore the National Communication could refer to the CTF table 3 and it may not be necessary to reproduce this table again in the national communication. The mitigation impact of policies and measures in the BR should be provided for the year 2020 and optional for another year before The NC guidelines do not particularly address the reporting year for the 6 th NC. and include a should provision to report on the years 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, however 2005 and 2010 are no longer projected years. Most countries at least prepare projections for 5-yearintervals and it is recommended that such information is included in the CTF tables, even it is not mandatory. ii. Additional requirements for NC compared to those for the BR: 1. Information about costs 16

17 2. Non-GHG mitigation benefits 3. How policy interacts with other PAMs 4. How policies are modifying long-term trends of emissions 5. PAMs no longer in place iii. Actions taken to implement commitments under Article 4.2(e)(ii) of the Convention to Identify and periodically review its own policies and practices which encourage activities that lead to greater levels of GHG than would otherwise occur. (para 16) iv. KP requirement: identify the steps it has taken to promote and/or implement any decisions by the ICAO and the IMO to limit or reduce emissions of GHG v. KP requirement: information on how it strives to implement policies and measures under Article 2 of the KP in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. 4) Projections a. Mandatory requirement to report with measures scenario, may report WAM and WOM scenario until The information in para 11 of the guidelines for BR is consistent with this section however, the projection timeline is until In the annotated outline for the 5 th national communication, the reporting for the year 2030 is also mentioned. Tables 6(a), 6(b) and 6(c) of the BR address the same information. Thus the NC could refer to the tabular information in the Annex with the CTF and only include a brief description of the results together with a graphical presentation of the projections as recommended in the guidelines. b. Presentation relative to inventory sectors and past years, by sector, by gas c. May requirement to report sensitivity analysis d. Provision of estimate for total effect of PAMs for individual years e. Methodology: requirement to report sufficient information on models and approaches to allow basic understanding i. Type of model for which gas ii. Purpose and approach for model iii. Summarize strength and weaknesses iv. Explain how model accounts for synergies between PAMs v. References to more detailed information vi. Report differences in assumptions compared to previous NCs vii. Key underlying assumptions (GDP, population, fuel prices, tax levels) including table 2. The same table is part of the CTF (table 17

18 5), thus the section in the NC can refer to the CTF and avoid repeating the table. The BR guidelines (para 12) require to report on changes in the models or methodologies used for the projections and the provision of supporting documentation. Thus, a summarized methodological description should be included in the main part of the NC, whereas the BR explains the changes since the last report and can refer to the more detailed information on methodologies in the NC. f. KP requirement: Supplementary relating to mechanisms under Articles 6, 12 and 17 of the KP. In the annotated outline from the UNFCCC secretariat it is proposed to include this information in the section on projections, however it could also fit to other sections. 5) Vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures a. Expected impacts of climate change b. Vulnerability Assessment c. Adaptation measures The information in this area is not overlapping with the BR. 6) Financial resources and transfer of technology a. Indication of new and additional finance: similar requirement in BR. This could either be copied in both places or the NC could refer to the BR. b. Clarification how new and additional was determined (similar requirement in BR). This could either be copied in both places or the NC could refer to the BR. c. Report table 3 Financial contribution to GEF for past 3 years. The financial contribution to GEF is included in table 7(a) of the CTF for BR. Table 7(a) is more detailed than table 3 and therefore it is recommended to refer to this table in the NC. d. Detailed information to developing countries for adaptation (table 5). In the UNFCCC NC guidelines information in textual format is required here in addition to quantitative information. Table 5 is partly integrated in Table 7(b) of the BR, however the subdivision of adaptation into capacity-building, coastal zone management and other vulnerability assessments as required for the NC is not included in table 7(b) and the entry lines of table 7(b) could also be organized by project/ programme and not be recipient country/ region as required in the NC. However, countries could include additional sectors capacity-building, coastal zone management and other vulnerability assessments under other sectors in table 7(b) of the CTF and organize the information by region or by re- 18

19 cipient country. Then they could use this table for both reports, the NC and the BR and would only need to compile one table related to the information on adaptation finance. e. Bilateral, regional and multilateral support for the implementation of the Convention (tables 4 and 5) Table 4 (Financial contributions to multilateral institutions and programmes) is incorporated in table 7(a) (Provision of public financial support: contribution through multilateral channels) of the CTF, therefore it could be replaced with a reference to table 7(a) in the Annex with the CTF instead of using table 4 in the NC. The CTF tables are more detailed, and offer additional options for disaggregation, therefore they seem to be preferable compared to the tables included in the NC. Table 5 (Bilateral and regional financial contributions related to the implementation of the Convention) is embedded in table 7(b) (Provision of public financial support: contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels) of the CTF, therefore it could be replaced with a reference to table 7(b) in the Annex with the CTF instead of using table 5 in the NC. The CTF tables are more detailed, and offer additional options for disaggregation, therefore they seem to be preferable compared to the tables included in the NC. f. Steps taken by governments to promote, facilitate and finance transfer of technology, and to support development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies of developing countries: Some general description could be prepared related to the overarching activities for technology transfer and capacity building and included in both parts (NC and BR). This para is relevant for both the Convention and the KP reporting, for the KP reporting a reference to Article 10 KP should be made in the report. g. Activities related to technology transfer: report success and failure stories in Table 6 i. Distinguish between activities of the public and the private sector ii. Report on encouragement of private activities in textual format In textual format: steps taken to promote, facilitate and finance transfer of technologies and enhancement of capacities. The success and failure stories are a non-mandatory element of the BRs. It is suggested to keep this in the NCs. Some general descriptive information on support for technology transfer should be prepared (including how private activities are encouraged) and included in both parts (NC and BR) or only in BR and NC could refer to these sections. 7) Research and systematic observation a. Domestic activities b. International activities 19

20 c. Summary information on GCOS activities. Decision 11/CP.13 (FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.2) adopted a separate decision with reporting requirements related to Global observation systems for climate. Detailed technical reports should be provided in conjunction with national communications. d. Research i. Climate process and climate system studies, including paleoclimate studies; ii. Modelling and prediction, including general circulation models; iii. Research on the impacts of climate change; iv. Socio-economic analysis, including analysis of both the impacts of climate change and response options; v. Research and development on mitigation and adaptation technologies. e. Systematic observation i. Atmospheric climate observing systems, including those measuring atmospheric constituents; ii. Ocean climate observing systems; iii. Terrestrial climate observing systems; iv. Support for developing countries to establish and maintain observing systems, and related data and monitoring systems. 8) Education, training and public awareness a. General policy toward education, training and public awareness; b. Primary, secondary and higher education; c. Public information campaigns; d. Training programmes; e. Resource or information centres; f. Involvement of the public and non-governmental organizations; g. Participation in international activities. Annex 1: Biennial report 1) Information on GHG emissions and trends, GHG inventory including information on national inventory system Requirement: Summary information from the national GHG inventory on emissions and emission trends prepared according to the Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I for 1990-most recent year. Proposal for implementation: o Reference to CTF table 1 which includes the information relevant for this purpose which is consistent with the CRF trend tables from the inventory submission 20

21 o Descriptive information on GHG emission trends and drivers can be taken from the national inventory report, chapter 2 trends in GHG emissions. Requirement: Summary information on national inventory arrangements/ national system and information on the changes to these national inventory arrangements /national system since their last national communication or BR. Proposal for implementation: o As the guidelines request summary information, this section can be less detailed in the BR compared to the national communication and the national GHG inventory and references to the national inventory report for more detailed information can be made. The reported changes of the national arrangements should be consistent with those reported in the NIR/related section in the NC. Include a short summary of the information reported in the national communication part. The summarized information should address any changes that occurred and whether changes occurred. 9) Quantified economy-wide emission reduction target a. This section refers to the target as contained in document FCCC/SB/2011/INF.1/Rev.1 or any update to that document. b. Tables 2(a) to 2(f) Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target of the CTF should be used to provide the detailed description of the target. Section 1.4 further explains the content of these tables and this section for the EU and its MS. 10) Progress in achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets and relevant information a. Information on mitigation actions, including policies and measures implemented or planned since the last report to achieve the target, organize by sector and by gas. This information is summarized in Table 3 Information on mitigation actions and their effects in the CTF: This CTF table is very similar to the table requested in the national communication guidelines. b. Changes in domestic institutional arrangements, including institutional, legal, administrative and procedural arrangements used for domestic compliance, monitoring, reporting, archiving of information and evaluation of the progress towards its economy-wide emission reduction target. A similar requirement exists for the NC, however the priority in the BR is on the changes in the arrangements for compliance, monitoring, reporting, archiving and evaluation of progress. Thus the corresponding sec- 21

22 tion of the NC could be repeated, summarized or only the changes explained in this area could be included in the BR with a reference to the related section in the NC. c. Encouragement to provide detailed information on the assessment of the economic and social consequences of response measures. This requirements is somewhat different to the corresponding requirements for the national communication to provide information how a Party strives to implement policies and measures in such a way as to minimize adverse effects and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties. The key difference is that the requirement in the biennial report guidelines does not detail that the consequences refer to other Parties and could be read in relation to the economic and social consequences of mitigation measures in the own country. The second key difference is that the requirement does not address the minimization of such impacts, but only the assessment of consequences. Information that would fit to this requirement would be a description of impact assessment procedures in place for economic and social consequences and the results of such impact assessments related to mitigation policies. This could be addressed both for the reporting country as well as third countries. d. Total GHG emissions: Table 4: reporting on progress summary e. Emissions and removals from LULUCF sector based on the chosen accounting approach: Table 4(a)I and II: LULUCF contribution to progress f. For each reported year progress shall include information on the use of units from market-based mechanisms: Table 4(b): contribution of units from flexible mechanisms to progress with targets 11) Projections a. Requirement: report the updated projections for 2020 and 2030 consistent with the NC for 2020 and Qualitative information from NC can be copied in this section. Quantitative information should be reported in table 6(a),(b) and (c) of CTF b. Requirement: report on the changes since its most recent national communication in the model or methodologies used for the preparation of projections and should provide supporting documentation. The BR does not need to include full methodological documentation but can refer to NC. Either respective parts are copied to the BR or the BR only described changes. 12) Provision of financial, technological and capacity building support to developing countries a. General requirements 22

23 i. Information how the support is new and additional: Same requirement for NC, should be explained in BR. ii. Description of methodology/ assumptions used/ national approach to track the provision of finance, technology and capacitybuilding support, include information on indicators and delivery mechanisms used and allocation channels tracked. If this info is reported in NC only report on changes b. Requirement Finance i. Description, to the extent possible, how country seeks to ensure that the resources it provides effectively address the needs of non-annex I Parties with regard to climate change adaptation and mitigation. This requirement is specific to the BR and difficult to implement. Could address generally the needs of countries are assessed for development assistance and how effectiveness of assistance is evaluated. ii. Table 7: summary information on provision of support. BR guidelines require information in tabular and textual form. Summary of table 7 should be provided highlighting: amounts for mitigation and adaptation, allocation channels and annual contributions. iii. Table 7(a): multilateral support BR guidelines require information in tabular and textual form. Summary of table 7(a) should be provided iv. Table 7(b): bilateral and regional support: BR guidelines require information in tabular and textual form. Summary of table 7(b) should be provided v. report, to the extent possible, on private financial flows leveraged by bilateral climate finance towards mitigation and adaptation activities in non-annex I Parties, vi. report on policies and measures that promote the scaling up of private investment in mitigation and adaptation activities in developing country Parties c. Requirement Technology development and transfer i. Table 8: Provision of technology development and transfer support. BR guidelines require information in tabular and textual form. The guidelines request in particular measures and activities related to technology transfer implemented or planned since its last national communication or biennial report. d. Requirement Capacity-building i. Table 9: Provision of capacity building support. BR guidelines require information in tabular and textual form, the latter as a description of selected individual measures and activities. 23

24 13) Other relevant information a. Encouragement to report on domestic arrangements established for the process of the self-assessment of compliance with emission reductions in comparison with emission reduction commitments: Description of EU MRV system (new MMR, review under ESD, compliance assessment under ESD, monitoring and verification under ETS) Annex 3: CTF for biennial report Table 1: Emission trends Table 2(a): Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: base year Table 2(b): Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: gases and sectors covered Table 2(c): Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: global warming potential values (GWP) Table 2(d): Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: approach to counting emissions and removals from the LULUCF Table 2(e): Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: market-based mechanisms under the Convention and other market-based mechanisms Table 2(f): Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: any other information Table 3: Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target: information on mitigation actions and their effects Table 4: Reporting on progress Table 4(a): Progress in achieving the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets - further information on mitigation actions relevant to the contribution of the land use, land-use change and forestry sector in 20XX-3 Table 4(a): Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets further information on mitigation actions relevant to the counting of emissions and removals from the land use, land-use change and forestry sector in relation to activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol Table 4(b): Reporting on progress Table 5: Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projections analysis Table 6(a): Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a with measures scenario Table 6(b): Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a without measures scenario Table 6(c): Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a with additional measures scenario 24

25 Table 7: Provision of public financial support: summary information in 20XX-3 Table 7(a): Provision of public financial support: contribution through multilateral channels in 20XX-3 Table 7(b): Provision of public financial support: contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels in 20XX-3 Table 8: Provision of technology development and transfer support Table 9: Provision of capacity-building support Annex 4: Other Annexes Annex 3.1 Summary of reporting of supplementary information under Article 7, paragraph 2 of the Kyoto Protocol. Documentation in which sections the information required under the KP is included. This is in particular relevant related to paragraph 39 related to actions and programmes undertaken in fulfilment under Article 10. Article 10 of the KP deals with many different issues, such as programmes to improve emission factors and inventories, mitigation and adaptation programmes, technology transfer, cooperation in research, cooperation in education and training. It does not seem to be useful to include a separate section, but to address such progress in the respective areas. In this overview specific references can be provided where this information related to Article 10 can be found. Annex 3.2 Technical report on GCOS based on decision 11/CP.13 25

26 1.4 Quantified economy-wide emission reduction target Paragraph 4 of the annex I to decision 2/CP.17 (guidelines for biennial reports) specify that the information required should refer to the target, as communicated to the secretariat and contained in document FCCC/SB/2011/INF.1/Rev.1 or any update to that document. This is the compilation of economy-wide emission reduction targets for 2020 by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention. The EU and its member States communicated an independent quantified economywide emission reduction target of a 20 per cent emission reduction by 2020 compared with 1990 levels. In the EU submission to the UNFCCC from 20 March 2012 (FCCC/AWGLCA/2012/MISC.1) the EU target is further explained. A considerable amount of the information requested in the CTF tables can be taken from this submission. With regard to MS reporting, however the difficulty is that there is no agreement under Article 4 in place that is dividing the overall EU target to MS targets. Specific MS targets currently only exist in the Effort Sharing decision. Thus MS for the time being can only report the ESD targets as agreed in the recent decision on [ ] determining Member States' annual emission allocations for the period from 2013 to 2020 pursuant to Decision 406/2009/EC together with the overall EU targets. For the ETS the EU target includes both stationary sources as well as aviation in the scope as defined under the ETS. The use of carbon credits from international market-based mechanisms is explained in the EU submission from 2012 and for the limits under the ESD, the specific thresholds could be converted into absolute amounts based on the agreed ESD targets. For the ETS again this information can only be provided at EU level. With regard to the role of LULUCF, the EU pledge does not include emissions/removals from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. However, under the Kyoto Protocol, MS have to account for LULUCF activities. If MS report that the target is pledged without LULUCF, it seems contradictory if they would in future years include emissions and removals from KP LULUCF activities in the BR tables on the progress with targets. A solution of this problem could be that the EU and MS indicate both the Convention and the KP targets in tables 2(a) to 2(f) of the CTF and in the future report the accounting information for KP LULUCF activities. 1.5 Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets The information on progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets refers to the 2020 target and not to the Kyoto Protocol targets for the first commitment period. The first BR is reported during the 1 st commitment period, therefore specific progress in achievement of a QUELRC at the moment does not yet relate to the 2020 target, but to the first commitment period. This is in particular relevant for table 4(a)II LULUCF KP activities and table 4(b) KP units. 26

27 One option is to leave these tables empty for the first BR and to explain in the report that this information is reported as part of the KP LULUCF accounting table in the annual inventory submission and in the annual SEF tables, that the reported accounting quantities however are relevant for the compliance with the KP targets for the first commitment period and not for the 2020 target. In order to avoid any double-counting of units, these tables will only be filled after the first commitment period under the KP will be completed. At EU level, this is also important due to the different scope of the EU target in the first commitment period and after the first commitment period. Instead of reporting empty tables, another option would be to choose to demonstrate progress in achievement of the current quantified economy-wide emission reduction target for CP1 under the Kyoto Protocol and to use the current LULUCF accounting table in the CTF relates to the first commitment period. This reporting on progress is not strictly related to the targets in document FCCC/SB/2011/INF.1/Rev.1, however 2014 is an important date to report on progress with the Kyoto targets for the first commitment period, as the end of the commitment period is reached. The inclusion of information related to the Kyoto targets for the first commitment period would also provide a better opportunity to test the CTF tables. It is useful to develop a common approach in the EU for the reporting on the targets and the achievement of targets and further discussions are necessary beyond the guidance in this paper. 27