Augmenting Task-Centered Design With Operator State Assessment Technologies

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1 Augmenting Task-Centered Design With Operator State Assessment Technologies Karl F. Van Orden Erik Viirre David A. Kobus Naval Health Research Center Technical Document No. 07-6F Book Chapter Augmented Cognition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (2007). Presented at the HCI International 2007, Beijing, China. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. Naval Health Research Center P.O. Box San Diego, California

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12 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA , Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB Control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. Report Date (DD MM YY) 5/14/07 T 2. Report Type Research 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Augmenting Task-Centered Design with Operator State Assessment Technologies 6. AUTHORS Karl Van Orden, Erik Viirre, David Kobus 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Health Research Center P.O. Box San Diego, CA SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAMES(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Commanding Officer Commander Naval Medical Research Center Navy Medical Support Command 503 Robert Grant Ave P O Box 240 Silver Spring, MD Jacksonville, FL DATES COVERED (from - to) 5a. Contract Number: 5b. Grant Number: 5c. Program Element: 5d. Project Number: 5e. Task Number: 5f. Work Unit Number: N/A 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Report No. 07-6F 10. Sponsor/Monitor's Acronyms(s) NMRC/NMSC 11. Sponsor/Monitor's Report Number(s) 12 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES X 14. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Task-Centered Design (TCD) of human-systems interfaces focuses on supporting the user throughout all phases of tasks, from initiation to completion. TCD typically requires software that monitors aspects of system information to trigger tasks, develop user-friendly information sets, propose task solutions and actions, and confirm actions as directed and approved by the operator. The operator monitors tasks awaiting completion on a Task Manager display. We demonstrate that moment-to-moment operator workload monitoring is greatly facilitated by TCD. Workload estimates were obtained every 2-min over the course of a 35-min test session during an air defense command and control scenario. Workload was readily modeled by the task loading, and the density of track icons on the display. A second study related the unitary workload estimates to NASA TLX workload subscales. Unpublished data from our laboratory indicated that eye activity measures (e.g., blink frequency and duration, pupil diameter, fixation frequency and dwell time) did not improve the estimation of workload. These findings indicate that at least for well-executed TCD systems, eye tracking technologies may be best employed to monitor for fatigue and incongruities between the focus of attention and task requirements. Recent findings using EEG hold promise for the identification of specific brain signatures of confusion, orientation, and loss of situational awareness. Thus the critical element of human directed systems is good initial design. Understanding of the task will lead to system automation that can balance the workload of the operator, who is functioning in a normal state. However, physiological monitoring will be most useful if operators veer beyond their normal conditions and are confused, overloaded, disoriented or have other impairments to their abilities. By detecting the operator's loss of function early, inappropriate operator inputs can potentially be avoided. 15. SUBJECT TERMS X Key words or phrases identifying major concepts in the report. 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b.abstract b. THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES Commanding Officer UNCL UNCL UNCL UNCL X 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (INCLUDING AREA CODE) COMM/DSN: (619) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18