Explosives Rail Conditions of Acceptance and Carriage

Transcription

1 Explosives Rail Conditions of Acceptance and Carriage Synopsis This document mandates the requirements for the acceptance and carriage of explosives by rail. Submitted by Eric Day Standards Project Manager Authorised by Brian Alston Controller, s This document is the property of Railway Safety. It shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Controller, s, Railway Safety. Published by: Railway Safety Evergreen House 160 Euston Road London NW1 2DX Copyright 2002 Railway Safety

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3 Page 1 of 19 Contents Section Description Page Part A A1 Issue record 2 A2 Implementation of this document 2 A3 Scope of s 2 A4 Responsibilities 2 A5 Health and safety responsibilities 3 A6 Technical content 3 A7 Supply 3 Part B B1 Purpose 5 B2 Application of this document 5 B3 Definitions 5 B4 Acceptance 6 B5 Classification, packaging and labelling 7 B6 Loading and unloading 7 B7 Formation of trains 9 B8 Escorts 11 Appendices 1 The classification system for explosives 12 2 Permitted mixed loads of goods in more than one compatibility group 14 3 Net explosive content limits and separation distances 15 4 Specimens of placards for explosives 16 References 18 RAILWAY SAFETY 1

4 Page 2 of 19 A1 Issue record Part A Issue Date Comments One December 2002 Original Document This document will be updated when necessary by distribution of a complete replacement. A2 Implementation of this document The publication date of this document is 7 December This document comes into force on 1 February The dates by which compliance with the requirements of this document is to be achieved are set out in Part B2. Where those dates are later than the date on which this document comes into force, this is to give Railway Group members additional time to plan and commence implementation so as to achieve full compliance by the dates set out in Part B2. This document supersedes the following s, either in whole or in part as indicated: Railway Group Standard Issue No. Title RGS sections superseded by this document Date(s) as of which sections are superseded GO/RT3420/2 1 Explosives Rail Conditions of Acceptance All 1 February 2003 GO/RT3420/2 will be withdrawn when comes into force. A3 Scope of Railway Group Standards A4 Responsibilities The overall scope of s is set out in Appendix 1 of GA/RT6001. The specific scope of this document is set out in Part B2. s are mandatory on all members of the Railway Group* and apply to all relevant activities that fall into the scope of each individual s Railway Safety Case. If any of those activities are performed by a contractor, the contractor s obligation in respect of s is determined by the terms of the contract between the respective parties. Where a contractor is a duty holder of a Railway Safety Case then s apply directly to the activities described in the Safety Case. * The Railway Group comprises Railtrack PLC, Railway Safety, and the train and station operators who hold railway safety cases for operation on or related to infrastructure controlled by Railtrack PLC. Railtrack PLC is known as Railtrack. 2 RAILWAY SAFETY

5 Page 3 of 19 A5 Health and safety responsibilities A6 Technical content In issuing this document, Railway Safety makes no warranties, express or implied, that compliance with all or any documents published by Railway Safety is sufficient on its own to ensure safe systems of work or operation. Each user is reminded of its own responsibilities to ensure health and safety at work and its individual duties under health and safety legislation. The technical content of this document has been approved by: Richard Evans, Principal Operations, Railway Safety Enquiries should be directed to Railway Safety Tel: A7 Supply Controlled and uncontrolled copies of this document may be obtained from the Industry Safety Liaison Dept, Railway Safety, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, London NW1 2DX. RAILWAY SAFETY 3

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7 Page 5 of 19 B1 Purpose B2 Application of this document Part B This document mandates the requirements for the acceptance and carriage of explosives by rail. B2.1 To whom the requirements apply This document contains requirements that are applicable to Railway Safety and duty holders of the following categories of Railway Safety Case: a) infrastructure controller b) train operator. B2.2 Compliance requirements The requirements of this document are mandatory from 1 February The requirements of GO/RT3420/2 shall be complied with until that date. B2.2.1 Infrastructure The requirements of sections B4, B5, B6 and B7 in apply to holders of the infrastructure controller category of Railway Safety Case. B2.2.2 Trains All the requirements of apply to holders of the train operator category of Railway Safety Case. B2.2.3 General compliance requirements After the compliance date, or after the date by which compliance is achieved (if earlier), Railway Group members shall not deviate from the requirements set out in this document. Where it is considered not reasonably practicable, to comply with the requirements set out in this document, authorisation not to comply shall be sought in accordance with GA/RT6001, GA/RT6004 or GA/RT6006. B2.3 Exclusions from the application of this document Railway fog signals are excluded from the application of this document. B2.4 Related requirements in other documents GO/GN3626 Guidance on Dangerous Goods Rail Carriage Arrangements Management and Risk GO/GN3674 Guidance on Dangerous Goods Rail Served Facilities GO/RC3900 Recommendations for Safe Freight Train Operations (to be published August 2003) GO/RT3400 Requirements for Safe Freight Train Operations (to be published August 2003) GO/RT3421 Dangerous Goods, Rail Conditions of Acceptance GO/RT3423 Radioactive Materials Rail Conditions of Acceptance and Carriage GO/RT3425 Management of Dangerous Goods Incident & Irregularity Information Refer to References for further sources of advice, information and guidance. B3 Definitions Compatibility group Explosives that may be stowed or carried together without significantly increasing either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of such an accident. RAILWAY SAFETY 5

8 Page 6 of 19 Division The divisions into which explosives are placed according to their mass explosion, projection, fire or blast hazards. Explosive An explosive substance or explosive article. Explosive article An article containing one or more explosive substances. Explosive substance A solid or liquid substance, or a mixture of solid or liquid substances, which is capable by chemical reaction in itself of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as could cause damage to surroundings, or which is designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as a result of non-detonative, self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions. Freight services Carriage by trains intended to carry freight. Another mode of transport may be used before or after rail carriage. Group of wagons Wagons marshalled together on a train without any intermediate wagons providing separation. Net explosive content Net explosive content (NEC) is defined in the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996 (CDG Rail 2). Net explosive quantity Net explosive quantity (NEQ) is an alternative term to NEC. Responsible person The responsible person is a person appointed by the consignor or consignee as competent to handle, load and unload explosives. B4 Acceptance B4.1 Restrictions With the exception of railway fog signals, explosives shall be carried only by freight services, unless otherwise agreed by the infrastructure controller and the train operating company in conjunction with Railway Safety. The train operating company shall request the consignor to identify whether explosives intended for carriage have been stored in circumstances which could have increased their inherent risk. An example would be storage for an extended period. In these circumstances the infrastructure controller shall determine, in conjunction with the intended consignor, consignee and train operating company that the risks involved in carriage are acceptable. Guidance Note GE/GN8532 provides further information on the carriage of railway fog signals. Explosives of Compatibility Groups K and L (see Appendix 1) shall only be carried under written conditions determined by the infrastructure controller in conjunction with the train operating company, and the intended consignor and the consignee. B4.2 General The carriage of explosives by rail is subject to The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996 (CDG Rail 2). Some aspects of the Placing on the Market and Supervision of Transfer of Explosives Regulations 1996 (POMSTER) also apply to the carriage of certain explosives. (See also GO/RM3053.) 6 RAILWAY SAFETY

9 Page 7 of 19 To enable the appropriate service planning and security arrangements to be made, the train operating company shall reach an agreement with the consignor, and such agreement shall not be unreasonably withheld. This shall identify a required period of notice without which explosives shall not be accepted, taking account of the regularity of movement and the need, if any, for the application of special movement conditions. B4.3 Prohibitions The following explosive articles or substances shall not be carried by rail: a) those which have not been classified and assigned to Class 1, as defined in Regulation 2(1) the Classification and Labelling of Explosives Regulations l983 (CLER) (eg samples for testing and classification) b) those that have been excluded from Class l and have not been assigned to any other class of dangerous goods and have been designated as presenting a significant hazard from explosion (ie considered too hazardous to transport) c) explosive substances of Compatibility Group A. (See also Appendix 1) B5 Classification, packaging and labelling B5.1 Classification Only explosives that are included in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) publication List of Classified and Authorised Explosives' or, for military explosives, ESTC Leaflets 3 and 4, are acceptable for carriage, unless otherwise agreed by the infrastructure controller with the HSE. In the latter circumstances, the infrastructure controller, with the HSE, shall determine acceptability for carriage and any conditions that shall be applied, in conjunction with the intended consignor and train operating company, to ensure that the risks involved in carriage are acceptable. B5.2 Packaging and labelling Packaging is subject to The Packaging of Explosives for Carriage Regulations 1991 (PEC) or, for military explosives, ESTC Leaflet 11. The train operating company shall ensure that the correct packaging and labelling is used and, for military explosives, that packages bear the approved seals to indicate that the explosive has been properly classified, packed and labelled. B5.3 Placarding The train operating company shall ensure that the consignors affix UN placards (enlarged labels) for explosives to wagons or freight containers containing explosives. They shall also ensure that they are removed by the consignee on completion of unloading. (For specimens of the placards and instructions see Appendix 4.) Where explosives of more than one Division are carried in the same wagon or freight container, the type of placard that shall be affixed is that for the most hazardous Division amongst them in the order 1.1, 1.5, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.4 except that where explosives of Division 1.2 and 1.5 are carried together they shall all be deemed to be in Division 1.1. (See Appendix 1.) B6 Loading and unloading The train operating company shall ensure application of the requirements contained in section B6. Loading and unloading of wagons and freight containers shall be supervised by the nominated responsible person. The train operating company shall ensure that the consignor and consignee appoint the responsible person. The transfer of RAILWAY SAFETY 7

10 Page 8 of 19 freight containers between transport modes does not need to be supervised by a responsible person. B6.1 General Loading or unloading shall not be carried out without the consent of the person in charge of the location involved. Wagons and freight containers shall be properly cleaned prior to loading and after unloading. The explosives shall be handled carefully and shall be loaded and secured in accordance with agreed procedures for the type of wagon or freight container involved. Once begun, the loading and unloading shall be completed as quickly as possible. If for any reason loading or unloading cannot be completed in one operation, the load shall be secured and the wagon sealed in accordance with section B6. Except for those in Division 1.4 and as shown in the table in Appendix 2, explosives of different compatibility groups shall not be loaded together in the same wagon or freight container, unless effective measures are taken to ensure that the carriage of such a mixed load is no more dangerous than the carriage of the same quantity of explosives in any one of the compatibility groups involved. No person loading or unloading explosive substances of Division 1.1 or 1.3 shall wear boots or shoes which have exposed iron or steel. No person other than any person directly concerned with the carriage of explosives shall, unless acting strictly in accordance with their duties, be allowed closer than 25 m of any loading or unloading operation. No person shall smoke, or have about their person any source of ignition, within 10 m of the explosives being handled. All persons shall observe all reasonable precautions for the prevention of accidents by fire or explosion. B6.2 Duties of the responsible person The responsible person shall be satisfied that the wagon or freight container is suitable for the explosives to be loaded. Loading or unloading shall not commence until an inspection of the explosives, or packages, has been made by the responsible person. The responsible person shall ensure that: a) explosives (except those of Compatibility Group S) are not loaded in any wagon or freight container with any dangerous goods of another class, and that explosives of Compatibility Group S are not loaded with packages of flammable solids (Class 4.1) or organic peroxides (Class 5.2) displaying the liable to explosion label. b) the net explosive content *(NEC) of division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, or 1.6 explosives contained in any one wagon or freight container does not exceed 20 tonnes. *Alternatively the term net explosive quantity (NEQ) may be used c) the NEC of explosives which are loaded or unloaded at any one time, in respect of the divisions shown in column 1 of the table in Appendix 3, shall not exceed the tonnage shown in column 2 of that table. In assessing the NEC limits in any group of adjacent wagons or freight containers the requirements of B7.1 shall be met 8 RAILWAY SAFETY

11 Page 9 of 19 d) any explosive or any package containing explosives where it or its seal appears damaged (including any undamaged contents of such packages) during loading, unloading or carriage, is set aside for examination e) instructions are given on actions necessary when any explosives have escaped from a package during loading, unloading or carriage f) when necessary to transfer explosives from a wagon or freight container to another as a result of an accident, incident or defect, that the load is inspected before transfer begins and then constantly supervised during the transfer. In these circumstances the responsible person shall also be satisfied that the wagons or freight containers provided are suitable for carriage of the explosives concerned. B6.3 Suitable wagons and containers Explosives shall only be loaded in approved wagons or freight containers. Explosives shall only be carried in freight containers complying with the standards laid down in ISO 1496/l or equivalent standard and carrying a current CSC (International Convention for Safe Containers) Approval Plate, unless otherwise approved by Railway Safety. In the latter circumstances, Railway Safety shall determine, in conjunction with the intended consignor, consignee, train operating company and infrastructure controller that the risks involved in carriage are acceptable. A wagon or freight container shall not be loaded with explosives until it has been inspected and certified suitable by a competent person. Except in the following circumstances, explosive substances shall only be loaded in closed wagons or closed freight containers. It is permissible for explosive substances and articles to be loaded in open wagons or open containers when: a) they form part of equipment or material belonging to the Ministry of Defence (MoD) or are carried under the direction of the MoD b) means of initiation not having at least two effective protective devices are removed or the explosives are in a locked military vehicle. Except as provided for in the previous paragraph, the use of open wagons or open freight containers shall only be permitted for explosive articles which, because of their packaged weight or dimensions, cannot be loaded in closed wagons or closed freight containers. Except where the size and structure of the explosives are such that sheeting would be difficult and also unnecessary for their protection, open wagons and open freight containers shall be sheeted with strong, opaque, waterproof sheeting that completely covers the load and is securely fixed to the wagon or freight container by ropes, straps or other strong fastenings. Wagons to be used for the carriage of freight containers loaded with explosives shall be fitted with twistlock assemblies. Freight containers shall be attached to the wagon by use of all four twistlocks. The correct engagement of all four twistlocks shall be checked by a competent person before commencement of each journey. B6.4 Security of wagons and containers The doors of closed wagons and freight containers shall be sealed to prevent unauthorised access. B7 Formation of trains B7.1 Groups of explosives The NEC of explosives in Division 1.1, 1.3 or 1.5 or those deemed to be in Division 1.1, 1.3 or 1.5 in accordance with section B5.3, which may be contained RAILWAY SAFETY 9

12 Page 10 of 19 in any group of adjacent wagons or freight containers, shall not exceed the tonnage shown in column 2 in the Table in Appendix 3. This arrangement shall be on the basis that: a) explosives in Division 1.4 are ignored b) where explosives of Divisions 1.2 and 1.3 are carried together, they shall be deemed to be in Division 1.3. It is permissible for a train to contain more than one group of wagons or freight containers, but there shall be a minimum separation distance of that shown in column 3 of the table in Appendix 3, between the nearest part of each group. It is permissible for the minimum separation distances specified in the Table in Appendix 3 to be composed of any wagon or freight container for movement on the train, including explosives of Division 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 and other dangerous goods which are compatible for movement on the same train, but any barrier distance required under section B7.2 shall be provided. Trains carrying explosives shall not include wagons or freight containers carrying dangerous goods of Classes 2.1, 2.3, 3(A), 4.2, 5.2 or 7 (except discharged flasks). B7.2 Separation distances A separation distance of at least 11 m shall be provided between: a) the locomotive and the first wagon or freight container containing explosives b) between the last wagon containing explosives and the guard s brake van, if one is provided c) the last wagon or last freight container containing explosives, and the end of the train if no brake van is provided. A separation distance of at least 18 m shall be provided between wagons or freight containers carrying explosives and wagons or freight containers carrying other dangerous goods of Classes 2.2, 3(B), 4.1, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1 and 7 (only discharged flasks) 8, 9 and mixed dangerous goods-groupage. For short distance (trip) working of explosives up to five miles, or where special authority has been given by the infrastructure controller to exceed this distance, the minimum 11 m separation distance as shown above is not necessary. However, the minimum 18 m separation distance between wagons or freight containers carrying explosives and wagons or freight containers carrying Class 2.2, 3(B), 4.1, 4.3, and 5.1 products, and prohibitions specified in section B7.1, shall be applied. It is permissible for separation distances to be provided by any type of wagon, empty or loaded with non-dangerous goods, which shall have a total weight (tare or gross) exceeding 8,150 kg. (See also Appendix 3) B7.3 Stabling The train operating company shall ensure that the person in charge of the location ensures that wagons, including those carrying freight containers scheduled to stand in goods yards or sidings, are kept under surveillance on both sides, and that local instructions for their security are fully complied with. If, through exceptional circumstances, it becomes necessary to hold explosives in an unmanned location, the train operating company shall ensure that the person in charge of the location implements adequate local security arrangements. 10 RAILWAY SAFETY

13 Page 11 of 19 B7.4 Arrival Advice of arrival of explosives shall be given to the consignee as quickly as possible by the train operating company, and the explosives shall be removed from railway premises as soon as is reasonably practicable. RAILWAY SAFETY 11

14 Page 12 of 19 B8 Escorts Persons accompanying explosives shall not travel on wagons or driver only (DO) trains. Where escorts are provided, the train operating company shall ensure that they are: a) supervised by person(s) competent according to the duties the escort may be required to perform b) competent in personal track safety (PTS) as laid down in Railway Group Standard GO/RT3353 or as otherwise required by the duties they may be required to perform c) provided with suitable accommodation. 12 RAILWAY SAFETY

15 Page 13 of 19 Appendix 1 The classification system for explosives (The content of the Appendix is mandatory) See sections B4.1 and B4.3 Explosives are classified as Class 1 substances or articles. This Class is divided into six Divisions, namely: Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 Division 1.6 Explosives which have a mass explosion hazard Explosives which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard Explosives which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard, or both, but not a mass explosion hazard Explosives which present no significant hazard Very insensitive explosive substances which have a mass explosion hazard Extremely insensitive explosive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard. Explosives are considered to be 'compatible' if they may be stowed or carried together without significantly increasing either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. The train operating company shall ensure that the consignor determines the correct Division and the corresponding classification code. Compatibility groups and classification codes Description of substance or article to be classified Compatibility Group Classification Code Primary explosive substance A 1.1A Article containing a primary explosive substance and not containing two or more effective protective features Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating explosive substance or article containing such explosive substance B 1.1B 1.2B 1.4B C 1.1C 1.2C 1.3C 1.4C Table A1 RAILWAY SAFETY 13

16 Page 14 of 19 Description of substance or article to be classified Compatibility Group Classification Code Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling charge, or article containing a primary explosive substance and containing two or more effective protective features. Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, without means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids). Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance with its own means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing a flammable liquids or gel or hypergolic liquids) or without a propelling charge. Pyrotechnic substance, or article containing a pyrotechnic substance, or article containing both an explosive substance and an illuminating, incendiary, tear- or smoke-producing substance (other than a water activated article or one containing white phosphorus, phosphides, a pyrophoric substance, a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids). Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus. Article containing both an explosive substance and a flammable liquid or gel. Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent. Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk, needing isolation of each type. Articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances. Substance or article so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within the package, unless the package has been degraded by fire, in which case all blast or projection effects are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package. D 1.1D 1.2D 1.4D 1.5D E 1.1E 1.2E 1.4E F 1.1F 1.2F 1.3F 1.4F G 1.1G 1.2G 1.3G 1.4G H 1.2H 1.3H J 1.1J 1.2J 1.3J K 1.2K 1.3K L 1.1L 1.2L 1.3L N 1.6N S 1.4S Table A1 (cont d) 14 RAILWAY SAFETY

17 Page 15 of 19 Appendix 2 Permitted mixed loads of goods in more than one compatibility group (The content of the Appendix is mandatory) See section B6.1 B articles C and D substances C, D and E articles F articles G articles G substances N articles B articles Yes No 3 No 1,3 No 1 No No No C and D substances No Yes Yes 2 No Yes No Yes C, D and E articles No 1 Yes 2 Yes Yes Yes No Yes F articles No 1 No Yes Yes No No No G articles No Yes Yes No Yes No No G substances No No No No No Yes No N articles No Yes Yes No No No Yes Table A2 Yes - indicates a permitted mixed load No - indicates a prohibited mixed load 1 Mixed loading is prohibited with the following exception and as provided for in footnote 3; detonating fuzes (UN numbers 0106 and 0107) are permitted to be loaded with the associated articles of Compatibility Group D, E or F of which they are components provided the aggregate is treated as Compatibility Group F. 2 Permitted, provided proper precautions are taken against harmful physical interactions such as impact or friction by exposed metal. 3 Explosive articles in Compatibility Group B are permitted to be loaded with explosives of Compatibility Group D, provided that the explosive articles in Compatibility Group B are loaded in a separate approved container or compartment to the explosives in Compatibility Group D. RAILWAY SAFETY 15

18 Page 16 of 19 Appendix 3 Net explosive content limits and separation distances (The content of the Appendix is mandatory) See sections B7.1 and B7.2 1 Division 2 Maximum Net Explosive Content in tonnes in any group of adjacent wagons or freight containers 3 Minimum separation distance in metres between groups of wagons or freight containers Any combination of 1.1, 1.3 and and 1.5 alone or mixed Aggregate of Table A3 There is no limitation on the amount of Division 1.2 or 1.6 that may be carried on a train, except when loaded with Divisions other than 1.4 in the same wagon or freight container. There is no limitation on the amount of Division 1.4 that may be carried on a train. 16 RAILWAY SAFETY

19 Page 17 of 19 Appendix 4 Specimens of placards for explosives (The content of the Appendix is mandatory) See section B5.3 Placards shall not be less than 250 mm x 250 mm in size and shall be fixed on each side of every wagon and freight container. 1. Class 1 Placards Divisions 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 Divisions 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 Note: a) The background colour of these placards is orange. b) In the above illustrations, Division 1.2, 1.4 and Compatibility Group E are only examples. c) The word EXPLOSIVE is optional on placards for Divisions 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3. d) Where explosives with different Compatibility Groups are being carried in the same wagon or freight container, the Compatibility Group letters for those Groups shall not be shown or written on the placard. RAILWAY SAFETY 17

20 Page 18 of Subsidiary hazard placards For UN numbers 0018, 0019, 0076, 0077, 0143, 0224 and 0301 For UN numbers 0015, 0016, 0018, 0019, 0301 and 0303 Note: a) These placards are black and white. 18 RAILWAY SAFETY

21 Page 19 of 19 GA/RT6001 GA/RT6004 GA/RT6006 GO/RT3353 GE/GN8532 References s and Other Railway Group Documents s Change Procedures Temporary Non-Compliance with s Derogations from s Personal Track Safety Guidance on Railway Fog Signals The Catalogue of s and the s CD-ROM give the current issue number and status of documents published by Railway Safety. Other References Legislation The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996 (CDGRail 2) The Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Amendment) Regulations 1999 The Classification and Labelling of Explosives Regulations 1983 (CLER) The Packaging of Explosives for Carriage Regulations 1991 (PEC) The Placing on the Market and Supervision of Transfer of Explosives Regulations 1996 (POMSTER) The Railways (Safety Case) Regulations 2000 Approved Code of Practice; suitability of vehicles and containers and limits on quantities for the carriage of explosives (HSC) Guidance for rail operators and others involved in the carriage of dangerous goods by rail (HSE) Other documentation HSE - List of Classified and Authorised Explosives (LOCAE) MOD - ESTC Leaflet 3 - List of Permanent Classifications for Military Explosives MOD - ESTC Leaflet 4 - List of Temporary Classifications for Military Explosives MOD - ESTC Leaflet 11 - Packing of Military Explosives ISO 1496/1 - Section 1 - Freight Containers - Specification and Testing Part 1 - General Cargo Containers for General Purposes RAILWAY SAFETY 19