AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES SAFETY AFLOAT

Transcription

1 NAVSEA OP LP ELEVENTH REVISION ACN 1/8 AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES SAFETY AFLOAT DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors; administrative/operational use; 1 July Other requests for this document must be referred to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N3). DESTRUCTION NOTICE Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVSEA OP 4 TENTH REVISION DATED 1 APRIL PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

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7 NAVSEA OP LP ELEVENTH REVISION AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES SAFETY AFLOAT DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors; administrative/operational use; 1 July Other requests for this document must be referred to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N3). DESTRUCTION NOTICE Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVSEA OP 4 TENTH REVISION DATED 1 APRIL PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND 1 JULY 2015

8 Reproduction for nonmilitary use of the information or illustrations contained in this manual is not permitted. This does not preclude reproduction and use of any part of this manual by contracted agencies responsible for the training and instruction of personnel who handle and transport military ammunition, explosives, and related hazardous materials. The policy for military use reproduction is established for the Army in AR 380-5, for the Navy and Marine Corps in SECNAVINST (series), and for the Air Force in Air Force Regulations LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES The total number of pages in this manual is 192. They are all original Revision Eleven pages. The date of issue for all pages in this manual is 1 July Change bars are included to assist the reader in identifying areas where changes to requirements or procedures have occurred. Page *Change Page *Change No. No. No. No. Cover/(Blank) Title/A B/(C Blank) Foreword-1/(Foreword-2 Blank) i thru x xi/(xii Blank) thru /(1-4 Blank) thru /(2-24 Blank) thru /(3-32 Blank) thru thru A-1 thru A A-37/(A-38 Blank) B-1 thru B B-15/(B16 Blank) C-1 thru C D-1 thru D D-17/(D-18 Blank) TMDER Date of Issue for Original and Changed Pages is: Original Revision July 2015 A

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11 FOREWORD 1. It is the policy of the Department of the Navy (DON) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) to maintain an effective and aggressive ordnance safety program. The adherence to the instructions and regulations contained in NAVSEA OP 4 will provide a continuing, aggressive accident prevention program throughout all commands afloat. 2. The instructions and regulations prescribed in NAVSEA OP 4 are considered minimum ammunition and explosives safety criteria. The specific items, technical manuals, drawings, and specifications referenced in this publication should be consulted for additional detailed requirements. 3. Supplementary instructions for transporting, handling, and stowing nuclear and other nonconventional weapons are not contained in this publication. These instructions are promulgated in appropriate Navy publications. 4. The application of these instructions and regulations in the Fleet can be expected to reveal omissions as well as the need for modifications to NAVSEA OP 4. This manual is designed to accommodate such changes and additions. Recommendations for updating and correcting this manual should be submitted as described in chapter This publication supersedes NAVSEA OP 4, Tenth Revision, dated 1 April 2012, which should be destroyed. 6. Copies of this CD-ROM or correspondence involving distribution quantities, address changes, etc., should be forwarded to Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (IHEODTD) Detachment Picatinny, Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center, Code G13, Building 458, Whittemore Avenue, Picatinny, NJ Foreword-1/(Foreword-2 Blank)

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13 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Paragraph Page List of Figures List of Tables vi vii Safety Summary viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose Scope Mandatory and Advisory Regulations Deviations to Regulations Waivers Exemptions Requests for Waivers or Exemptions Renewal of Waivers or Exemptions Event Waivers Request for Event Waivers Reporting Errors and Omissions in Manual CHAPTER 2 GENERAL REGULATIONS, POLICIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES General Operational Risk Management (ORM) Command Responsibilities and Relationships Commanding Officer (CO)/Master Responsibilities Supervisor Responsibilities Personnel Responsibilities Pre-Arrival or Arrival Conference Visiting Afloat Command and Naval Shore Activity Command Relationship Pierside Transfer Operations Shipboard Explosives Safety Inspection (SESI) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Designation of Explosive Handling Locations Ammunition Terminals Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) Sites Explosives Anchorages and Other Permitted Locations Joint Operations Lighters and Barges Small Boats and Craft Roll On/Roll Off (RORO) Vehicles Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance (ESQD) Requirements Combatant Ammunition and Explosives ESQD Requirements Cargo Ammunition and Explosives ESQD Requirements i

14 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Page Amphibious Warfare Ammunition and Explosives ESQD Requirements Bravo Flag Display Approved Ammunition, Explosives and Weapons Approved Packaging for Ammunition, Explosives and Related Hazardous Material Privately Owned Ammunition, Explosives and Weapons Commercial Explosives Small Arms Weapons Stowage with Ammunition and Explosives Simulators Physical Security for Arms, Ammunition and Explosives Thermally Protected Ammunition Authorized Maintenance of Ammunition and Explosives Safety Interlocks Signs, Placards, Hazard Markings and Label Plates Emergency Drills Firefighting and Prevention Firefighting Inoperable or Deactivated Sprinkling Systems Onloading or Offloading Operations Use of Flame-, Heat-, or Spark-Producing Devices Hot Work Ship Repairs and Availability Offloading Ammunition Offload Requirements Before Drydocking Retaining Ammunition Onboard in Shipyards and Naval Stations Movement of Ammunition and Explosives in a Shipyard or Ship Repair Facility (SRF) Inert Ammunition Components Inert Display Ordnance Material Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard (MPPEH) Emergency Jettison of Ordnance at Sea Mishap Reporting Surface Ship Combat System Smooth Log CHAPTER 3 HANDLING AND STOWAGE General Handling and Stowage Emergency Procedures Handling Operation Minimization Doors and Hatches Ammunition Administration and Management Return of Unsafe, Armed, or Suspect Ammunition or Explosives Pierside Ammunition Transfer Operations ii

15 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Page 3-7. Shipboard Installed Handling Equipment Elevators Shipboard Ammunition Handling Equipment Cranes Vertical Package Conveyors (VPCs) cargo booms Aircraft Elevators (ACE) Underway Replenishment (UNREP) Handling Equipment Approved Handling Equipment Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) Weight Handling Equipment (WHE) Armament Weapons Support Equipment (AWSE) Ordnance Staging Work in Stowage Areas Use of Magazines and Lockers for Purposes Other than Ordnance Stowage Stowage Arrangements Securing of Stowage Exposed Ordnance Risks Ammunition and Stowage Inspection Ammunition Inspection Magazine Inspection Magazine Load Limits Magazine and Ready-Service Locker Temperatures Permissible Stowage Compatibility Groups Criteria for Compatibility Specific Handling and Stowage Regulations Ready-Service Stowage Torpedoes Depleted Uranium Grenades Pyrotechnic Ammunition Demolition Materials Chemical Ammunition Rockets Hypergolic and Fuel Air Explosives (FAE) Mixtures Guided Missiles Bomb-Type Ammunition Gun Ammunition Gun Propellant Charges Small Arms Ammunition Cartridge and Propellant Actuated Devices iii

16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Page Shaped Charged Warheads Lithium Boilers Lithium Batteries and Ordnance Stowage Inert Ordnance CHAPTER 4 ELECTRICAL SAFETY General Electrically Powered Equipment Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Atmospheric Conditions Igniter Circuit Testing Grounding Ground Point Weather/Flight Deck Ground Point Ground Cables Personnel Grounding Precautionary Procedures Grounding During Weapons Test, Maintenance, Assembly, and Disassembly Precautionary Procedures Grounding During Aircraft Operations Precautionary Procedures Aircraft Ordnance Operations Precautionary Procedures Grounding During Stowage Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seat (NACES) Operational Grounding Weapon Test and Reprogramming CHAPTER 5 SHIP DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS Introduction Human Systems Integration Risk Management During Acquisition Emerging Technologies During Acquisition General Requirements, Standards and Configurations Approved Handling Equipment Ordnance Handling Systems Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) Portable Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) Shock and Vibration Grounding Grounding Cables Firefighting Hose Coverage iv

17 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Page 5-5. Magazine and Other Ammunition and Explosives Area Design Requirements General Magazine Design Requirements Specialized Magazine Design Requirements Alarm Systems Fire Protection Systems Water Injection System Fire Resistance Aviation Facility Sprinkler Systems Assembly Areas Surface Combatant Configuration Requirements Submarine Configuration Requirements Small Arms Ammunition Blasting Caps And Demolition Fuzing Devices Demolition Charges Pyrotechnic Signals Countermeasures Devices Sprinkler Systems Special Operations Forces (SOF) Support Amphibious Warfare Configuration Requirements APPENDIX A TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS A-1 APPENDIX B REFERENCE DOCUMENTS B-1 APPENDIX C LANDING FORCE AMMUNITION COMPATIBILITY C-1 APPENDIX D SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES... D-1 APPENDIX E DON EXPLOSIVES SAFETY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS E-1 v

18 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page 2-1 Permissible and Non-Permissible Hot Work Areas (Surface Ships) Permissible and Non-Permissible Hot Work Areas (SSBN/SSGN Submarines) Close-Up of Container Lift Arm Assembly (Interlocking Feature) Container Unitizing Latches Test Tag Properly Marked Flight Deck Ordnance Ground Point D-1 Sample AMMUNITION FAR SIDE Sign or Label D-1 D-2 Standardized General Safety Regulations for Magazines and Lockers Placard..... D-4 D-3 Standardized General Safety Regulations for Ordnance Handling Placard D-5 D-4 General Safety Precautions for White Phosphorus (WP) D-6 D-5 First Aid Treatment for White Phosphorus (WP) D-6 D-6 Safety Precautions, CIWS Mk 15 Ammunition Handling D-7 D-7 Pyrotechnic Ammunition Safety Precautions Placard D-8 D-8 Pyrotechnic Ammunition with Water-Activated Battery Warning Placard D-9 D-9 Mk 137 Launcher Loading Zone Danger and Warning Plates D-11 D-10 Chaff Launcher Loading Zone Warning Plate D-12 D-11 Safety Margin Hatches Hangar Deck and Flight Deck D-13 D-12 Weapons-Elevator Safety Margin D-14 vi

19 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 2-1 Guidance for Offloading Ammunition Before Drydocking Ammunition Handling and Stowage Documentation Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Surface Combatant Ships Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Submarines Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) and Cargo Ships Compatibility Chart for Various Classes of Landing Force Ammunition Stowed on Amphibious Assault Ships C-1 Examples of Ammunition Compatibility Using Ammunition Groups Aboard Amphibious Ships C-2 D-1 Safety Precaution Label Plates D-15 E-1 Explosives Safety Training E-7 vii

20 SAFETY SUMMARY This publication is a safety manual which contains mandatory instructions and regulations necessary for safe ammunition handling and ordnance operations aboard ship. Separate warnings or cautions are not contained herein because the entire publication provides information of a warning or cautionary nature to the user. However, notes in the text are used to emphasize unusual or special procedures or conditions. viii

21 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. PURPOSE. OPNAVINST establishes the principal Department of the Navy (DON) explosives safety policies. This publication amplifies this DON policy and provides mandatory technical direction and procedures, including ship design requirements and standards for the safe handling, stowage and use of all ammunition and explosives afloat. Specific ammunition and ship technical instructions and procedures are not contained in this publication; refer to the applicable documents for detailed requirements and procedures. If a conflict exists between this publication and the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) instructions, OPNAV instructions shall take precedence. If a conflict exists between this manual and any other technical instruction and procedures, the provisions specified in this manual shall take precedence. Notify Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) of the conflict so that it may be resolved SCOPE. This publication is applicable to all afloat platforms owned or operated by the U.S. Navy or otherwise handle and stow U.S. Navy ordnance. It provides guidance to all personnel engaged in the handling, stowage, use and transfer of ammunition and explosives and to provide a source for a continuing, aggressive ammunition and explosives mishap prevention program. The policies and requirements herein also affect ship, weapon and combat system design, construction, modification, maintenance and use. a. Fleet activities shall use the most current version of this manual. b. Ship acquisition programs shall use the revision/change of this manual invoked in shipbuilding contracts to assess compliance with the shipbuilding contract until the ship is delivered to the Navy. If newer explosives safety requirements are promulgated in NAVSEA OP 4 subsequent to contract date, the new requirements shall be assessed to determine the risk not invoking these new requirements into the shipbuilding contract. The risk assessment should not be related to the shipbuilding contract, but instead should be related to the safety of the ship and to the personnel MANDATORY AND ADVISORY REGULATIONS. The requirements in this manual that use the commands shall, will, or must are mandatory. The words may or should are intended to be advisory. These advisory commands shall be followed unless exceptions are authorized in writing by the ship s Commanding Officer/Officer-In-Charge (CO/OIC) or Master DEVIATIONS TO REGULATIONS. Many situations involving contingency, readiness, or operational requirements can be satisfied only by deviating from established explosives safety criteria. The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV), recognizing this need, has delegated authority to OPNAV to issue waivers, exemptions and event waivers when strategic or other compelling reasons dictate. OPNAV has also approved the use of event waivers for special occasions that are of a short duration in terms of time and scope. Authority has been delegated by OPNAV to Fleet Commanders; i.e., U.S. Fleet Forces 1-1

22 (USFF) Command, Commander, Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT); Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe (COMUSNAVEUR); Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Africa (COMNAVFORAF); and Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT). Safety risks accepted and documented during the ship design acquisition process, as described in paragraph 5-3, are issued for the life of the ship class or until rescinded by OPNAV. Deviations will not be considered for new construction ships WAIVERS. A waiver is written authority to deviate from mandatory explosives safety requirements for the purpose of temporary satisfaction of recurring readiness or operational requirements. It is generally issued for 2 years pending completion of corrective measures to eliminate the waiver requirement. Waivers will not be granted unless a Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M) for eventual correction is provided with the request. Waivers can be renewed only if adequate progress is being demonstrated to comply with established explosive safety criteria EXEMPTIONS. An exemption is written authority to deviate from mandatory explosives safety requirements for the purpose of long term satisfaction of recurring readiness or operational requirements. It is generally issued for a maximum of 5 years, but can be renewed, as required, to allow for correction of the deficiency. Exemptions will not be granted unless a program for eventual correction is planned REQUESTS FOR WAIVERS OR EXEMPTIONS. All requests for waivers or exemptions shall be submitted to OPNAV (N411), via the operational chain of command and NOSSA, and shall include the following information: a. General statement of waiver or exemption requirement. b. Specific document(s) or table(s) that contains the requirements to be waived. c. Specific description of the conditions that created the need for the waiver or exemption. d. Statement specifying reason(s) why compliance with these requirements cannot be effected. e. Alternatives examined. Include all possible practical alternatives to prevent the continuation or issuance of an exemption or waiver, and the rationale for each alternative. f. The mission effect of a maximum credible, explosives accident. g. Safety precautions to be enforced during the period of waiver or exemption. h. Resources required to eliminate the waiver or exemption. i. Actions initiated or to be initiated for eliminating the exemption or waiver and the estimated time to completion. At a minimum, a POA&M must be provided for incremental correction of all waivers. j. Justification of operational necessity. 1-2

23 RENEWAL OF WAIVERS OR EXEMPTIONS. Requests for renewal of waivers and exemptions shall be submitted three months prior to the expiration to allow proper staffing and shall contain the same information in paragraph above EVENT WAIVERS. An event waiver or multiple handling event waivers is an approved deviation from explosives safety criteria that is issued by a competent authority on a case-by-case basis for a particular evolution(s), for a limited period of time to meet a specific, non-recurring readiness or operational necessity requirements that cannot be otherwise satisfied. These waivers result from compelling mission requirements, not operational convenience or cost savings REQUEST FOR EVENT WAIVERS. In accordance with OPNAVINST (series), all event waivers or multiple handling event waivers shall be requested by message addressed to the commands that will provide the operational necessity certification. Normally, the Numbered Fleet Commanders (e.g., 6th Fleet, 7th Fleet) serve as the certifying official, but may include the appropriate Type Commanders (TYCOMs). Landlord concurrence will be obtained via the Regional Commander. Information addressees for the message will be others in the chain-of-command, OPNAV (N41), NOSSA, appropriate TYCOMs, and Immediate Superior in Command (ISIC). Geographic Fleet Commanders can approve these waivers to meet their operational needs. The information contained in the message request should be in the format of paragraph 1-4.3, including the date(s) for which the waiver(s) is (are) required to the maximum practicable extent REPORTING ERRORS AND OMISSIONS IN MANUAL. Ships, training activities, supply points, Naval shipyards, and supervisors of shipbuilding (SUPSHIP) are requested to arrange for the maximum practical use and evaluation of this manual and other NAVSEA technical manuals. All errors, omissions, discrepancies, and suggestions for improvement to NAVSEA technical manuals shall be reported to the Commander, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division (NSWC/PHD), Naval Sea System Data Support Activity (NSDSA), 4363 Missile Way, Port Hueneme, CA on NAVSEA Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report (TMDER), NAVSEA Form 4160/1. A copy of NAVSEA TMDER Form 4160/1 is included at the end of this manual. This form may also be completed and processed using the NSDSA website To expedite, also send as an to ihdiv.estm@navy.mil. When using this website, the correct publication number to use to generate a TMDER against this manual is OP00004(4 spaces) All feedback comments will be thoroughly investigated and originator will be advised of TMDER resolution. If you prefer to submit a TMDER using a word file, click here. 1-3/(1-4 Blank)

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25 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL REGULATIONS, POLICIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES 2-1. GENERAL. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) establishes the minimum safety policy for ammunition and explosives afloat and the regulations and procedures are documented herein. Occupational safety, health and environmental requirements as they apply to explosives safety are mandatory as described in OPNAVINST (series). At Naval shore facilities, the regulations of this publication and NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 apply. At explosives anchorages and commercial explosive piers, the regulations for military ammunition and explosives onboard commercial ships are established in 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 171 through 176. Foreign vessels (military, commercial and privately owned) will adhere to United States visit requests and regulations. As required by OPNAVINST (series), Commanding Officers, Port/Harbor Masters or activity commanders should ensure that proper visit notification and requests, along with cargo manifests, are forwarded to OPNAV (N2/N6IE) for approval. All foreign military vessels containing arms, ammunition or explosives shall be treated in a like manner as U.S. Navy ships OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT (ORM). ORM is an effectiveness process for maintaining readiness in peacetime and achieving success in combat without infringing upon the prerogatives of the commander and enhances operational capability by identifying hazards. It is a decision making process that enhances operational capability. ORM is a method for identifying hazards, assessing risks and implementing controls to reduce the risk associated with any operation. ORM shall be used as a tool when making decisions concerning operations involving ammunition and explosives to ensure that the hazards are identified and controls are in place to mitigate the risk. Refer to OPNAVINST /MCO (series) for additional guidance COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS. The following safety responsibilities and relationships shall be observed during all ammunition and explosives operations COMMANDING OFFICER (CO)/MASTER RESPONSIBILITIES. The responsible party for all authorized actions used throughout this manual is the ship s CO or Master. The ship s CO or Master may delegate authority to the lowest level of competence commesurate with the subordinate assigned responsibilities and capabilities in accordance with OPNAVINST (series). The ship s CO or Master is responsible for complying with the explosives safety program afloat requirements contained in this manual. When ships are at a pier, wharf or explosives anchorage that forms part of a Naval shore activity, or is in waters adjacent to a Naval shore activity as defined by local regulations, compliance with any shore activity safety regulations that concern ammunition and explosives and the ship must be followed. The CO of a Naval shore activity is responsible for complying with the explosives safety program requirements ashore contained in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. All operations involving ammunition and explosives operations on the pier, alongside the pier, or in boats under their authority are the responsibility of the shore activity CO. 2-1

26 SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES. Aggressive supervision is critical to ammunition and explosives safety aboard ship and the prevention of mishaps. Supervisors shall be designated for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. Supervisors shall verify that only current and approved procedures are in place and that they are in use by qualified and certified personnel. Supervisors shall be alert for any personnel having or demonstrating a casual, inattentive or careless attitude while in the proximity of ordnance. Some ordnance operations such as replenishment are conducted using personnel who are not ordnance specialized; these operations shall be conducted under the direct supervision of qualified ordnance personnel. Supervisors shall take immediate corrective action to prevent possible accidents. Such action must involve stopping an operation and providing additional instruction at a minimum PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES. Each person involved in an ordnance operation is responsible for compliance with the procedures and direction provided for the conduct of the operation. If any person detects an incorrect, unsafe or unclear procedure or observes an incorrect or unsafe operation being conducted, they shall immediately call out the word, "SILENCE" or "STOP," stop the particular evolution, and report the situation to the immediate supervisor for appropriate corrective action. Hazardous jobs shall not be rushed or performed in a manner that will compromise the safety of personnel or equipment Explosive Handling Qualification and Certification (QUAL/CERT) Program. All military, civilian, and contractor personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) or MCO (series) prior to performing tasks involving ammunition and explosives. Personnel required to bear arms, aircrew personnel, lookouts, bridge watches, man overboard watches and working parties are exempt to the degree specified in OPNAVINST (series). Personnel carrying firearms for law enforcement, security duties or personal protection shall be qualified and authorized as described in OPNAVINST (series) Medical Examination. Successfully passing a periodic medical examination is a required qualification of all personnel. Examinations are conducted to ensure personnel are physically and mentally qualified as explosives handlers/operators. All medical examination certificates, OPNAV Form 8020/6, shall be signed by an independent provider. All explosives handlers and explosives vehicle or equipment operators shall pass a periodic medical examination, under the requirements established by Article of NAVMED P-117. For submarine personnel, Article of NAVMED P-117 satisfies the medical examination requirements. This includes personnel licensed to operate materials/ weight handling equipment. If the medical examination expires, then the explosives handler or operator will not be permitted to participate in explosives operations until the medical examination is satisfactorily completed. Waivers from medical standards or physical requirements with endorsements from safety, medical and legal, as appropriate, are granted at the command level according to the criteria under the authority of OPNAVINST (series) Department of the Navy (DON) Explosives Safety Training Requirements. Civilian and military (active and reserve duty) assigned to shipboard positions involving responsibilities related to ammunition and explosives shall complete the required DON explosives safety training requirements documented in chapter E PRE-ARRIVAL OR ARRIVAL CONFERENCE. Prior to or upon arrival of a Navy ship/ USCG cutter at a pier or explosives anchorage for loading or offloading of ammunition and explosives, a 2-2

27 conference shall be held to coordinate the responsibilities and handling procedures on the pier and on board ship. The ship s CO/Master or the designated Officer-In-Charge (OIC) of the ordnance loading or unloading operation along with any other necessary ship s personnel shall attend the conference VISITING AFLOAT COMMAND AND NAVAL SHORE ACTIVITY COMMAND RELATIONSHIP. The command relationships between a visiting afloat command and the Naval shore activity are outlined in OPNAVINST (series), Naval base commander and other command instructions. The visiting afloat command shall conform to the regulations of NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 and to the orders of the host shore command in matters pertaining to specific services rendered or received including police, fire, security, safety, communications, air traffic, plant maintenance, and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD). Specific responsibilities shall be documented during the pre-arrival conference described in paragraph Conflicts involving the policies, requirements, procedures, or authorities for the loading, handling, or unloading of ammunition or explosives shall be reconciled by the officer in charge of the ship operation and the shore activity counterpart or brought to the attention of both COs for resolution. Affected ammunition and explosives operations shall be suspended until the conflict is resolved PIERSIDE TRANSFER OPERATIONS. During ammunition and explosives pierside transfer operations, the responsibility for the safety of the transfer operation rests with the shore activity unless the ammunition or explosives is within the ship. Ammunition and explosives are considered within the ship, when the weight of them is carried in whole or in part by the ship. When being loaded into launch systems, such as Vertical Launching System (VLS), and above deck canisters, the ammunition is considered within the ship when the loading adapter or hook is removed whether or not the ammunition is entirely within the launcher. Connected replenishment (CONREP) of ammunition and explosives is prohibited between ships during pierside transfer operations SHIPBOARD EXPLOSIVES SAFETY INSPECTION (SESI). NOSSAINST (series) promulgates policies and procedures governing the implementation, execution and management of the SESI Program HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO). Activities engaged in the handling and stowage of electrically initiated ordnance or ordnance which contains Explosive Initiated Devices (EIDs) shall be familiar with the contents of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2. The hazards resulting from ordnance exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy can be mitigated if personnel follow the safety regulations prescribed therein. Refer to paragraph 4-3 of the manual for additional HERO information DESIGNATION OF EXPLOSIVE HANDLING LOCATIONS. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only at locations specifically site-approved in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) or NAVSEA OP 5 Volume AMMUNITION TERMINALS. OPNAV has designated certain Naval shore activities as ammunition terminals for issuing, loading and unloading ammunition and explosives to and from ships. Examples of ammunition terminals are explosives handling piers (piers used primarily for handling explosive cargo), scuttling sites, and explosives anchorages. 2-3

28 FLEET BALLISTIC MISSILE (FBM) SITES. OPNAV has designated certain Naval shore activities as FBM sites for supporting FBM submarines, including the handling of missiles. Currently, only Strategic Weapons Facility Atlantic (SWFLANT) and SWF Pacific (SWFPAC) serve as designated FBM sites EXPLOSIVES ANCHORAGES AND OTHER PERMITTED LOCATIONS. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has designated explosives anchorages which are indicated on applicable harbor charts. The Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) must provide site approval in order for ships to conduct loading and offloading ammunition and explosives Explosives Anchorages. When practical, ammunition and explosives should be loaded or offloaded at a pier or wharf rather than at an explosives anchorage to minimize the hazards caused by wind, waves and swells between barge and ship. The regulations of many ports prohibit loading or offloading of ammunition and explosives while the ship is alongside wharves and piers. The Captain of the Port (COTP) assigns berths in established explosives anchorages for handling ammunition and explosives, and no ship shall occupy a berth without obtaining prior approval from the port authorities having jurisdiction. All port anchorage regulations must be observed during such operations and all port regulations concerning operations at a pier and wharf apply to loading and unloading operations at explosives anchorages. When ammunition and explosives are to be loaded or offloaded at explosives anchorages, the necessary lighters and motorized equipment are supplied by the Naval base commander. The command providing the barge or lighter and motorized equipment is responsible for ensuring the barge or lighter and motorized equipment meets all requirements Other Permitted Locations. OPNAV has also designated certain berths and locations at which ammunition and explosives required for training or replenishment may be transferred to or received from support ships by tenders. The ammunition and explosives handled will be limited to the type and quantity specifically permitted at each location, and to that transferred to, or received from, a single support ship. The quantity of ammunition and explosives handled will be governed by explosive limits and other regulatory provisions specified by each location. Replenishment and training ammunition may be issued to ships at OPNAV approved locations other than ammunition activities or explosives anchorages. Specific locations to handle ammunition and explosives must be either site-approved by the DDESB or granted a waiver or exemption by OPNAV. The loading and offloading of full shipboard ammunition allowances will be performed only at site approved Naval shore activities or explosives anchorages, except in cases of emergency. For additional guidance, refer to NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 for ship berthing and handling regulations. For CVN ships, the preferred method for onloading and offloading the ship s ammunition allowances and training ammunition is underway replenishment (UNREP) using the Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP) and CONREP methods. Refer to paragraph 2-6 for Explosives Safety Quality-Distance (ESQD) requirements JOINT OPERATIONS. Prior to conducting joint operations aboard U.S. Navy ships, refer to Joint Publication 3-04 (Joint Shipboard Helicopter Operations) and the U.S. Navy, U.S. Army, COMUSSOCOM Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) (Authorization to Use and Hot/Cold Tube Load Selected 2.75-Inch Rockets Aboard Navy CV/CVN and LHA/LHD Class Ships) for specific guidance LIGHTERS AND BARGES. Lighters and barges are used for transporting or temporarily stowing ammunition and explosives. All barges and lighters used for the transport or temporary stowage of ammunition and explosives shall meet the requirements of NAVSEA SW020-AG-SAF

29 Ammunition and explosives shall be stowed aboard barges and lighters as described in NAVSEA OP 3221/TM , NAVSEA SW020-AG-SAF-010 and NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. Particular importance is given to regulations against rough handling of ammunition and explosives. It must be emphasized that even the least sensitive explosives may detonate if subjected to rough and improper handling. Therefore, utmost care shall be exercised when handling ammunition and explosives over the side SMALL BOATS AND CRAFT. Small boats are defined as all boats, including rigid inflatable boats (RIBs), rubber raiding craft, or craft that can be carried aboard another vessel or are trailerable. Refer to NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 for small boat and craft safety precautions during loading or unloading operations at piers or wharves. Only small boats, such as Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM), Landing Craft Utility (LCU), Ship to Shore Connector (SSC) and Landing Craft Air Cushioned (LCAC), that have approved secure-for-sea capabilities, a fire extinguisher, a suitable anchor and ground tackle, fog horn or bell, radio communications equipment, life jackets and other personal protective equipment (PPE) which special circumstances may dictate, will be authorized to transport ammunition and explosives. Safety at sea ordnance, such as signaling flares, may be stowed on board for up to 90 days without compatibility restrictions provided they are stowed in secured locations. Rubber Raiding Craft Mk III and Mk V Special Operations Craft (SOC), RIBs, and other similar craft are not authorized for ordnance evolutions, except as part of training exercises or approved special operation missions where their use is specifically addressed in the written local procedures. The boat or craft shall carry a qualified crew. Prior to any small boat or craft movement, an inspection will be made by the boat or craft officer and coxswain to ensure its readiness and reliability. The explosives compatibility requirements of table 3-4 shall be observed whenever possible. For landing force ammunition, the stowage compatibility requirements of table 3-5 apply. Other pier and wharf safety requirements for small boat or craft loading and unloading operations are specified in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. When a small boat or craft returns to the host ship and is no longer actively engaged in operations, ammunition and explosives [including their own Anti-Terrorism/Force/Protection (AT/FP) ammunition] shall be returned to the ship s magazine ROLL ON/ROLL OFF (RORO) VEHICLES. Ammunition and explosive material is often transported in trucks and trailers. When crossing bodies of water, it may become necessary to use vessels that are capable of retaining the integrity of a truck or trailers and its cargo such as barges, High Speed Vessels (HSVs), literage, LCUs, LCMs and LCACs. Prior to conducting any Roll On/Roll Off (RORO) evolution, the sites being used for loading and offloading vehicles from a vessel will be required to have an explosive safety site approval. If the site does not have the necessary site approval, the activity wishing to conduct the ammunition and explosive movement will submit a site approval request to NOSSA or Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM). Refer to NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 for specific site approval requests for RORO operations involving the transfer of Department of Defense (DOD) ammunition and explosives EXPLOSIVES SAFETY QUANTITY-DISTANCE (ESQD) REQUIREMENTS. ESQD standards, requirements and methods of calculation are issued by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF). NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 documents these requirements and mandates that wherever ammunition and explosives are handled by, stored by, or are under the supervision of the DON, such ammunition and explosives, must be maintained at certain minimum distances from inhabited buildings, passenger railroads, public highways, ships, lighters, and any other facilities or property. Specific ESQD standards 2-5

30 for combatant, cargo, amphibious warfare ammunition and explosives, and logistic movements are provided below COMBATANT AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ESQD REQUIREMENTS. Ammunition and explosives in static stowage within ship s magazines and intended for the service of shipboard armament, embarked aircraft, or for an embarked unit s specific mission are exempt from ESQD requirements. This is known or referred to as the "combatant" exemption. This exemption is applicable to U.S. and foreign military vessels provided the onboard ammunition and explosives meets the aforementioned criteria. No handling of ammunition and explosives shall be conducted outside the skin of the ship. If handling of ordnance is required, applicable explosives safety criteria applies and the ship s Weapon Officer shall comply with the approved explosives safety siting for the amount of exposed Net Explosive Weight (NEW). For ESQD purposes, ammunition and explosives are considered: Secure. a. The ammunition or explosives is below an open deck or positioned behind the outer skin of the ship and is not being handled. For CVN, LHA and LHD ships, the hangar deck of the ship is considered inside the skin of the ship when all aircraft elevator doors are fully closed. b. The missiles being loaded into VLS tubes/cells, Multiple All-Up Round Canister (MAC) cells or other Payload System (PS) middleware, or above deck canisters are inserted into the launcher and the loading adapter or hook is removed, whether or not the missile is entirely within the launcher Not Secure. a. Ammunition and explosives are being transferred to/from the ship. The total NEW is computed as the amount of exposed ammunition. b. If any SSBN missile hatch is open for any operation related directly to the missile (i.e., loading or maintenance), the missiles are not considered secured and the total NEW of all missiles on board must be applied for ESQD calculations. c. If an SSGN missile hatch or VIRGINIA Payload Tube (VPT) hatch is opened in support of a missile onload or offload, the total NEW will be computed as the number of exposed missiles in that MAC tube and any exposed ordnance. If more than one missile or Payload Tube (PT) hatch is open at the same time, then the NEW will be cumulative CARGO AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ESQD REQUIREMENTS. Cargo ammunition and explosives also includes all bulk ammunition and explosives carried by Combat Logistics Force (CLF), Military Sealift Command (MSC), Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) ships, commercial ships, and tenders, even though the ammunition is stowed in approved magazines. It also includes all ammunition or explosives carried or intended to be carried on board any ship and stowed in locations other than approved magazine spaces, launchers, or ready-service lockers. All cargo ammunition and explosives are subject to ESQD requirements regardless of where the ship is located and whether or not it is being handled as noted in the following paragraphs: 2-6

31 T-AKE, T-AOE and AS Class ships meeting the below restrictions are permitted to moor at piers, wharves and anchorages without application of ESQD arcs: a. NEW does not exceed 400 pounds of hazard class/division (HC/D) ammunition, 2,500 pounds of HC/D 1.3 ammunition, and mission essential quantities of HC/D 1.4 ammunition. b. HC/D ammunition is stowed in the ship s main cargo holds. c. HC/D and HC/D 1.3 ammunition is stowed in separate cargo holds ESQD arcs will be applied to cargo ammunition and explosives handling operations in accordance with NAVSEA OP 5 Volume Ammunition and explosives carried by these ships, intended only for use by the ship s own installed weapons systems and stowed in approved magazines, is not considered to be cargo ammunition and explosives. The following requirements apply to ships carrying cargo ammunition and explosives: a. All cargo ammunition and explosives shall be loaded in compliance with the compatibility requirements detailed in paragraph 3-16 or special instructions of NOSSA. b. Ships shall be berthed so that the ESQD standards of NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 are met. When in foreign ports, ships must also meet the applicable requirements of the host government if these requirements are more stringent and an appropriate international agreement makes compliance with the host country's requirements mandatory. c. When the ship's damage control (DC) capabilities are fully functional, welding, burning, or other hot work can be conducted only when one intervening compartment not containing ammunition and explosives separates such shops or spaces from cargo or ship's magazine spaces which contain ammunition and explosives, and is approved in writing by the ship s CO/Master. Additionally, hot work may be performed on top-side spaces and areas as long as the one-intervening-compartment rule is not violated and the area under consideration for hot work is above the main deck. Refer to paragraph for specific hot work safety requirements. d. When a waiver has been issued to allow a deviation from ESQD requirements, there shall be no impairment of the ship's normal security and DC capability, and no internal shifting of cargo or ship's ammunition is to be undertaken, unless at an ammunition terminal or an explosives anchorage. e. All ammunition spaces are to be inspected a minimum once a day. Refer to paragraph 3-15 for ammunition and stowage inspection requirements. f. At every port providing berthing for loaded ammunition ships, Senior Officer Present Afloat (SOPA) instructions shall contain a detailed plan for actions to be taken in an emergency which may involve or affect the ship. This plan shall include specific details for coordination between the ship and the support activity concerning required services, tugs, supplemental firefighting equipment, changes in the ship's DC or firefighting status, etc. It shall also contain specific actions to be carried out in order to handle any foreseeable emergency or contingency. 2-7

32 g. Consistent with deployment schedules and readiness conditions set by higher authority, except for those ships addressed in paragraph , CLF ships with cargo ammunition on board may completely secure their engineering plants under the following conditions: (1) Prior concurrence has been obtained per local SOPA instructions and from the CO of the activity providing the cold iron berth. (2) The berth used is equipped with all required services: steam, power adequate to operate all sensing, alarm, and firefighting systems, and water in adequate supply and at proper pressure. (3) Fire and security departments of the shore activity involved are notified 24 hours prior to securing the engineering plant. (4) The ship's DC capabilities are maintained fully operable with required water pressure maintained on fire mains at all times, and emergency generators and fire pumps capable of immediate and full operation. (5) Handling of ammunition and explosives, either cargo or ship's service allowance, is authorized only if the cold iron berth is at an ammunition terminal. The CO of the ammunition terminal is authorized to permit onloading or offloading of cargo ammunition while the ship is in cold iron status if all other applicable safety requirements can be met. (6) The ship location provides for a safe and expeditious departure, if necessary. If nested, it must be the outboard ship. An adequate number of properly trained personnel, as mutually agreed on by the CO/Master of the ship and the CO, COTP or Harbor Master of the shore activity involved, are readily available for handling mooring lines and disconnecting pier services for such departure. The proper hawsers must be rigged so that they are readily accessible for tug use without the ship's assistance. At night, these hawsers are to be illuminated. (7) At least one tug shall be available as detailed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 in case of an emergency AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ESQD REQUIREMENTS. Landing force ammunition consists of Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel (LFORM), Naval Support Element (NSE) and training ammunition. It is carried aboard Amphibious Warfare (AW) class ships in designated stowage spaces, as described in NAVSEA SW023- AJ-WHS-010, in support of the ship's mission and is exempt from ESQD requirements when the following criteria is met: a. At every port providing berthing for AW ships with landing force ammunition aboard, SOPA instructions shall contain a detailed plan for actions to be taken in the event of an emergency which may involve or affect the ship. This plan shall include specific details for coordination between the ship and the support activity concerning required services, tugs, supplemental firefighting equipment, changes in the status of the ship's DC or firefighting status, etc. It shall also contain specific actions to be carried out in order to handle any foreseeable emergency or contingency. b. All ammunition spaces are to be inspected at least daily. Refer to paragraph 3-15 for ammunition and stowage inspection requirements. 2-8

33 c. Ammunition or explosives are below an open deck or positioned behind the outer skin of the ship and are not being handled. The hangar deck of the ship is considered inside the skin of the ship when all aircraft elevator doors, well deck stern ramps, or cargo sideport doors are fully closed. d. In order to achieve appropriate segregation of landing force ammunition, fire-retardant plywood partitions, fabricated in accordance with MIL-L-19140, shall be used as specified in paragraph a. e. If the ship is to secure their engineering plant, the above requirements remain in effect. Additionally: (1) Fire and security departments of the shore activity involved are to be notified at least 24 hours in advance of securing the engineering plant. (2) The ship's DC capabilities are to be maintained fully operable, with standard pressure maintained on fire mains at all times. Emergency generators and fire pumps will be capable of immediate and full operation BRAVO FLAG DISPLAY. A Bravo flag shall be prominently displayed by all ships and craft engaged in ammunition and explosives loading or unloading operations. Also, a Bravo flag shall be prominently displayed by all barges, lighters, and other craft while they are loaded with or are transporting ammunition and explosives. At night, a red light shall be used in place of the Bravo flag. Tugs towing lighters or barges which are transporting ordnance and all ships, barges, or other craft engaged in loading or offloading ordnance shall show lights as required by local regulations in inland waters APPROVED AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND WEAPONS. Only ammunition, explosives and weapons approved by OPNAV (N41) are authorized for transport or use aboard U.S. Navy or U.S. Navy chartered ships. The following regulations apply to Naval, foreign and U.S. joint service ammunition: a. Naval Ammunition. Approved Naval ammunition will be provided in shipboard allowance lists (i.e., 30,000 Series Allowance List, Navy Small Arms Equipment Allowance List). Items required for test and evaluation will be approved for use aboard ship by the Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB). b. Foreign Ammunition. Any foreign produced ordnance that is currently in the Navy catalogue and assigned a Navy Ammunition Logistics Code/Department of Defense Identification Code (NALC/ DODIC) may be stowed, transported or used aboard Navy vessels with Type Commander (TYCOM) approval. Any ordnance not catalogued or assigned a NALC/DODIC requires OPNAV (N41) approval prior to stowage, transport or use. c. U.S. Joint Service Ammunition. Any Army, Air Force, Special Operations Command (SOCOM), or Coast Guard procured ordnance that has an assigned DODIC may be stowed and transported aboard Navy vessels with Service and TYCOM approval. Any ordnance item not having an assigned NALC or DODIC will require OPNAV (N41) approval prior to stowage or being transported. 2-9

34 Any ordnance item not listed in the Navy Ammunition Catalogue requires OPNAV (N41) approval prior to use aboard a Navy vessel APPROVED PACKAGING FOR AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND RELATED HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. Ammunition, explosives and related hazardous materials (HAZMAT) shall be shipped and stored in approved containers and in accordance with standard unitization and conveyance loading procedures. Shipping and storage configurations for Navy approved ammunition items are listed in NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010. The ammunition items listed in this technical manual have been determined to meet Navy and DOD transportation and stowage safety regulations. Other applicable Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations include 49 CFR and , the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions. The Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center located at Picatinny Arsenal, Picatinny, NJ is the cognizant activity responsible for establishing packaging design and test requirements, and approving the shipping configuration for Naval ammunition, explosives and related Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT). The packaging approval process verifies the adequacy of the shipping configuration to meet the life cycle logistical characteristics of each item. The process also ensures compliance with Navy and DOD safety and security requirements, and all applicable federal and international HAZMAT transport regulations PRIVATELY OWNED AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND WEAPONS. Stowage of privately owned weapons is permitted aboard ship only when specifically approved in writing by the ship s CO/Master. Privately owned weapons are subject to the security requirements of OPNAVINST (series). Privately owned ammunition and explosives, which includes morale, welfare and recreation (MWR) ammunition, are not authorized aboard ship COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVES. Commercial explosives or commercially-manufactured and explosive-containing devices not controlled or owned by the United States Armed Forces shall not be handled, stowed or shipped by Naval units without prior approval of OPNAV (N41). Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) items which are required to maintained aboard ships under MSC control are exempt from this requirement. All other requirements of this manual apply. Refer to 46 CFR and These items shall not be stowed with Navy ammunition SMALL ARMS WEAPONS STOWAGE WITH AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. Ready-for-issue (RFI) small arms weapons and related ammunition required for the readiness of the ship s security/anti-terrorism response team, including armed helicopters when so assigned, may be stowed together. Only the minimum essential quantity of ammunition required to sustain watchstanders until replenishment can be provided may be stowed with these weapons. Security for and accountability of these weapons and ammunition shall comply with OPNAVINST (series) MSC and Contracted Ships Configuration Requirements. In addition to the requirements specified in paragraph 2-8.4, thermometers are not required in small arms ammunition lockers and safes [that provide a minimum protection equivalent to a General Service Administration (GSA) Class 5] that are being used for ordnance stowage aboard MSC and contracted ships. This applies when the stowage is not located near a heat source where convection heating will not occur nor subject to heat conduction from the hull or other heat sources to prevent stowage temperatures from exceeding 100 ºF, and Hazard Class/Division (HC/D) 1.4S or lower hazard class material, for a quantity not to exceed five pounds 2-10

35 NEW. Small arms lockers and safes for weapons stowed with ammunition are exempt from flooding system requirements while above the waterline SIMULATORS. For surface combatants ships with VLS capability, no simulators of any type will be mixed with live ordnance except during highly controlled special test and evaluation scenarios as approved by the WSESRB. No Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) simulators, with the exception of the Missile Handling Trainers (MHT), will be placed in any launcher with live and/or telemetry rounds loaded except during highly controlled special test and evaluation scenarios, and only after approved from the RAM program office in accordance with PEOIWSINST (series) PHYSICAL SECURITY FOR ARMS, AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. Policy and requirements for the physical security of arms, ammunition, and explosives are contained in OPNAVINST (series) THERMALLY PROTECTED AMMUNITION. Some items of Navy ammunition exist in both thermally protected (TP) and non-thermally protected (NTP) configurations. The TP version is more resistant to the heat developed during a fuel fire and provides increased time until cook off. If a weapon is available in both the TP and NTP configurations, only the TP version is to be operationally employed aboard ships with flight decks AUTHORIZED MAINTENANCE OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. Fleet organizational and intermediate level maintenance tasks authorized to be performed on ammunition and explosives afloat are identified in the Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program (NOMMP) described in OPNAVINST (series) and governing Systems Command (SYSCOM) technical manuals. Maintenance does not include handling operations, loading and firing operations, or EOD operations. On submarines, while performing authorized maintenance on loaded VLS missiles in VLS tubes, no ESQD is created so long as the ordnance is secured within the ship as addressed in paragraph The following usage and maintenance precautions shall be observed: a. Ammunition and explosives received and stowed in their shipping and storage containers shall be inspected to ensure it matches the container identification markings and is serviceable in accordance with the appropriate technical manual. b. Modification or alteration of ammunition and explosives is not authorized. c. Component safety devices shall not be removed nor shall the items be altered in any way. d. Ammunition and explosives shall be used only in conjunction with the weapon system or payload module for which it was designed. No weapon system or payload module shall be used for a purpose other than for which it was designed. e. Applicable ammunition and explosives weapon prevention and corrective maintenance using organizational, intermediate or depot level maintenance procedures or Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRCs) may be conducted in a controlled environment and may be performed to ensure ammunition and explosives are serviceable or to prepare them for offload/transfer. 2-11

36 f. Only those tools and equipment described in applicable technical manuals shall be used when performing maintenance, assembly, disassembly, inspection, test or ammunition handling. Guidance governing the use of electrically powered tools and maintenance equipment are specified in paragraph 4-2. g. Battery operated laptop computers are authorized for use in magazines when ammunition and explosives are present with the following restrictions: (1) The device shall be certified to meet Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Class B limits. (2) Maintain a separation distance of 10 feet (3 meters) between any FCC Class B digital device and HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE. (3) The device shall operate on batteries alone and shall not be connected to power, via power cord. Batteries shall not be changed in the magazine. (4) The device shall not be left unatttended in the magazine. h. The use of personal wireless devices is prohibited in below deck spaces during ordnance assembly operations, such as bomb build-up on the mess deck. Personal wireless devices (gaming systems, laptops, cellular telephones, etc.) shall be turned off or removed prior to the conduct of operations. Shipboard wireless devices and systems that have been certified for use must also be secured, unless specifically stated in the certification as addressed in NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2. i. Dropped or damaged ordnance shall be inspected immediately in accordance with the applicable MRC, technical manual or inspected by EOD personnel. The ammunition shall not be moved or handled until the safety determination has been made, unless not moving the ammunition or explosives increases the risk of further mishap. j. Applicable written procedures for the maintenance to be performed must be followed. k. Weapon Built-In-Test (BIT) reprogramming using AN-GYQ-79A Common Munitions BIT Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) shall be conducted in locations specified in paragraph l. Aerosol paints and sprays should not be stowed in magazines SAFETY INTERLOCKS. Safety interlocks for ammunition and equipment or systems shall not be altered, bypassed, or rendered inoperative unless specifically approved by Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES. Appropriate danger signs, operating instructions and safety precautions shall be posted in all areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. Refer to appendix D for the appropriate signs, placards, hazard markings and label plates. 2-12

37 2-14. EMERGENCY DRILLS. When ammunition and explosives handling operations are in progress, emergency drills requiring the use of the general alarm system, ship's bell or whistle shall not be conducted on board ship while moored to a pier connected with a Naval shore activity unless specific approval for such drills has been granted by the CO of the Naval shore activity. Further, such emergency drills shall not be conducted by ships nested together or at a pier where ammunition handling operations are in progress, or by a ship conducting UNREP operations FIREFIGHTING AND PREVENTION. An adequate fire party as defined by the ship s local operating procedures, approved by the CO/Master, shall be maintained on board at all times when carrying ordnance or explosives. Fire alarm systems and firefighting equipment shall be installed at appropriate locations and maintained in operating condition. Alarm systems defined in paragraph 5-5.3, shall be constantly monitored. NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 provides the description, operation and maintenance requirements for magazine sprinkling systems, including detailed information on system components, controls, and tests and inspections. A complete discussion of firefighting equipment and procedures aboard surface ships are contained in Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) S9086-S3-STM-010/CH-555; for submarines, refer to NSTM S9086-S3-STM-020/CH-555; and for aircraft hangar and flight deck firefighting, refer to NAVAIR 00-80R-14. All personnel assigned to the aircraft crash and salvage crews and to ship s fire parties shall be instructed in the specific hazards and techniques involved in fighting fires where ordnance is involved FIREFIGHTING. In case of fire in areas containing ammunition or explosives, the following actions shall be taken: a. Report the fire and request assistance. b. Initiate firefighting procedures immediately. c. Clear the area of all unauthorized personnel not operating firefighting equipment. d. Before entering any space where smoke or fumes are present, the proper protective clothing, including Emergency Air Breathing (EAB) or Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) as approved for use with the involved materiel, shall be worn. e. Cool explosive assemblies with a deluge of water to prevent them from igniting or detonating INOPERABLE OR DEACTIVATED SPRINKLING SYSTEMS. When a magazine sprinkling system or associated alarms have been temporarily deactivated or becomes inoperable where ammunition and explosives are present, the system shall be tagged out of service in accordance with local governing instructions and the space shall be manned or a fire watch posted until the system has been repaired and returned to operational condition ONLOADING OR OFFLOADING OPERATIONS. Prior to loading or offloading ammunition and explosives, either at a shore activity, anchorage, or underway, all fire main systems must be operating properly. For submarines in port, if the trim system (fire main) must be tagged out of service for essential repairs, a temporary fire fighting system must be used from topside to below decks. In this case a pierside or topside water source (fire hydrant or portable pump) capable of providing a minimum of 200 gallons per minute (gpm), to two hose lines with a minimum residual nozzle pressure of 60 pounds 2-13

38 per square inch (psi) for each operating hoseline, is authorized for use. Where portable pump(s) provide firefighting water supply, the pump(s) shall be tested prior to daily use. Fire hoses or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) hoses shall be laid out, or AFFF hose reels manned ready for use in the immediate area of operations such that at least single-hose coverage is provided for all points along the weapons handling path. These hoses shall not cross damage control and fire boundaries and may be uncharged. At a minimum, each hose shall be manned by a nozzleman and two hosemen using AFFF or sea water fire hoses. When loading or offloading submarines, the assigned nozzleman and hosemen may be part of the handling team and one of the hosemen will be the plugman. Where a seawater sprinkling system, designed in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010, is installed, manning of the manual control station may be used in place of fire hose coverage. Where an overhead AFFF system is installed manning of the control station may be used in place of fire hose coverage provided all aircraft cockpits in the applicable AFFF sprinkler zone are closed USE OF FLAME-, HEAT-, OR SPARK-PRODUCING DEVICES. Flame-, heat-, or spark-producing devices shall not be permitted where ammunition and explosives are located. Cigarette lighters, heaters, fires, welding tools, soldering irons, except as noted in paragraph a, cutting torches and uncovered lights are examples of such devices. Before beginning work in an explosive area requiring the use of flame-, heat-, or spark-producing devices, all ammunition and explosives must be removed and the area thoroughly cleaned. Once the work is accomplished, the area will again be cleaned before the ammunition and explosives are replaced. In addition, the precautions given in the following paragraph for hot work on board a ship shall be observed HOT WORK. The following hot work precautions shall be observed aboard ship: a. Within the ship, no hot work of any type will be performed in any space containing ammunition and explosives, except as noted in paragraph Further, no hot work shall be performed in or on any space adjacent to, directly above, or directly below a space containing ammunition and explosives, as shown in figure 2-1, except as follows: (1) After the Weapons/Ordnance Handling Officer (OHO) and the Officer of the Deck (OOD) have been notified. (2) If the work area is adjacent to, (i.e., on the same level as and sharing a bulkhead with, another explosives area), hot work may be performed on the bulkhead furthest removed from the bulkhead shared with the space containing ammunition. Hot work may be performed on the overhead, deck and bulkheads at locations no less than 5 feet from the shared structural or nonstructural bulkhead. (3) In spaces directly below the explosive area, hot work may be performed on the deck and bulkheads at locations no less than 5 feet from the overhead as shown in figure 2-1. No hot work is permitted in spaces directly above an explosives area. (4) Hot work may be performed not less than 5 feet away from loaded launchers and ready-service lockers above deck and outside the skin of the ship. b. Hot work may be performed in other spaces in the vicinity of the explosives area, unless the above considerations prevent doing so. If hot work is required and these criteria cannot be met prior to 2-14

39 entering the shipyard or Ship Repair Facility (SRF), the explosives and other HAZMAT must be offloaded or moved to another magazine, if compatible stowage is available. c. During normal ship upkeep periods outside the shipyard or SRF, the restrictions on hot work specified in this paragraph shall also apply, except that authorized hot work on the exterior of the ship, not involving magazine boundaries, shall be coordinated between the ship and the Naval shore activities commanders. d. If the performance of hot work is necessary which will violate the preceding restrictions, or which will involve a magazine boundary, it may be authorized by the Fleet Commander on a one-time case basis. Such violations must be required by urgent operational necessity, as certified by the TYCOM. Requests for an event waiver of hot work restriction requirements will be submitted, via the TYCOM, in accordance with paragraph Such requests must cite the location and nature of the work, the distance to the nearest compartment containing ammunition or explosives, and the special safety precautions proposed for the performance of hot work. The TYCOM will certify operational necessity for the hot work to be conducted in a message to the appropriate Fleet Commanders, who will then act upon the request. These waivers are considered canceled when the short-term evolution for which they were issued is completed. e. Additional safety precautions that are described in NSTM S9086-CH-STM-010, -020 and -030/CH-074 shall be observed for any hot work in a ship. f. Regulations concerning welding or cutting operations that involve the use of an open flame or arc on berthed ships are addressed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume VLS Launchers (Surface Ships). As an exception to the hot work restrictions described in paragraph , soldering with 50 watts or less than rated soldering irons is authorized on VLS launchers aboard surface ships and is not considered hot work Submarine Requirements. In addition to the hot work restrictions described in paragraph , the following additional restrictions apply aboard submarines: a. For SSBNs and SSGNs, when ordnance is located in: (1) The torpedo room, it is considered a magazine. When all ordnance is removed from the torpedo room, with the exception of torpedoes, missiles and mines in the tubes, only the torpedo tube is considered a magazine. (2) The 6" external countermeasures launcher capsule is properly closed and secured. It is a space not accessible to personnel and is considered an individual space or compartment containing ordnance for the purposes of applying paragraph hot work restrictions. b. Welding in the area of loaded submarine missile launchers (SSBN/SSGN missile tubes, SSN VLTs or VPTs) or torpedo tubes shall conform to the following safety requirements: (1) A fire watch shall be posted at the welding site throughout all phases of the operation. 2-15

40 (2) Prior to commencement of hot work, the submarine s weapons officer, assistant weapons officer or strategic weapons duty officer shall verify the safety of the intended operations and shall ensure a person from the submarine weapons department who is knowledgeable of these requirements is present to monitor these operations. (3) Welding shall be in accordance with NAVSEA T9074-AD-GIB0010 or with NSTM S9086-CH-STM-010/CH-074. (4) Hot work is not allowed on any missile launcher or torpedo tube containing ordnance. Hot work may be performed on the inside of an empty SSN VLT or VPT. Refer to SSPINST (series) for hot work restrictions in empty SSBN/SSGN missile tube. c. Welding and hot work on board SSBN/SSGNs shall conform to the SSPINST (series) requirements whenever SSP equipment or ordnance is onboard, as follows: (1) When properly secured, loaded SSBN missile tubes, gas generators in SSBN missile ejector group equipment, or MACs in SSGN missile tubes, constitute launching systems that are not accessible to shipboard personnel and are considered individual spaces that are separate from the missile compartment and other SSBN/SSGN missile tubes for purposes of applying paragraph hot work restrictions. Refer to figure 2-2 for permissible and non-permissible hot work areas. (2) For all welding operations onboard SSBNs and SSGNs, refer to SSPINST (series) in lieu of paragraph (3) For all hot work onboard SSBNs in Strategic Weapon System (SWS) spaces, between Frames 51 and 94 (internal and external to the hull), in the Navigation and Missile Control Centers, and adjacent to the Captain s Indicator Panel in the Command and Control Center, SSPINST (series) applies in lieu of paragraph (4) For all hot work onboard SSGNs, in Attack Weapons System (AWS) spaces and in a missile tube containing a MAC, SSPINST (series) applies in lieu of paragraph (5) For welding and hot work in non-sws spaces, in non-aws spaces, and near non-sws ordnance or near AWS ordnance/ammunition, paragraph applies. d. The small arms locker aboard the SSN/SSGN/SSBN is a non-structural locker. The locker is designated as an explosives space and hot work may not be performed within the 5 feet separation distance and proximity. 2-16

41 FIGURE 2-1. Permissible and Non-Permissible Hot Work Areas (Surface Ships). 2-17

42 2-18 Missile Compartment Bulkhead Water-tight door Main Deck Bulkhead Water-tight door 1 2 M S L T U B E S 3 4 M S L T U B E S 5 6 M S L T U B E S 7 8 M S L T U B E S 9 10 M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S M S L T U B E S NAVSEA OP 4 ELEVENTH REVISION Gas Generators - Missile tubes are considered separate explosive spaces within the missile compartment itself FIGURE 2-2. Permissible and Non-Permissible Hot Work Areas (SSBN/SSGN Submarines)

43 2-16. SHIP REPAIRS AND AVAILABILITY. The following requirements apply to ships undergoing repairs, overhauls, or availabilities OFFLOADING AMMUNITION. Units afloat scheduled for an availability period in excess of 45 days shall be completely offloaded of all ammunition, except for that quantity of small arms ammunition which the ship s CO/Master considers to be required for maintaining security aboard ship. Other exceptions are inert ordnance items such as bomb fins and training shapes, and those pyrotechnic items inherent to lifeboats or life rafts. All cargo ammunition and explosives must always be offloaded prior to drydock, except in emergency situations OFFLOAD REQUIREMENTS BEFORE DRYDOCKING. Table 2-1 provides requirements for the offloading of ammunition by ships entering a drydock. Table 2-1. Guidance for Offloading Ammunition Before Drydocking REASON FOR REPAIR OR AVAILABILITY Emergency (anticipated repair is less than 45 days) - no hot work required in vicinity of magazines, launchers, or missile tubes. Emergency (anticipated repair is less than 45 days) - hot work is required in vicinity of or adjacent to magazines, launchers, or missile tubes. AMMUNITION OFFLOADING REQUIREMENT Offload is not required. Authorization required as specified in paragraph Offload is required if at all feasible. A transfer to another shipboard stowage area is acceptable. If neither is possible, an event waiver is required. Refer to paragraph for guidance. Authorization required as specified in paragraph Scheduled Maintenance - duration less than 6 weeks. Authorization required as specified in paragraph If hot work is required in vicinity of magazines, launchers, or missile tubes, then offload, move, or obtain hot work waiver. Scheduled Maintenance - duration of 6 weeks or longer. Offload is required. See paragraph RETAINING AMMUNITION ONBOARD IN SHIPYARDS AND NAVAL STATIONS. When undergoing an availability or repair for a period of less than 45 days in a commercial or Naval shipyard, or SRF, units afloat may retain ammunition onboard as authorized on a case-by-case basis by the CO of the repair facility, the cognizant naval supervisor of shipbuilding (SUPSHIP) and/or the Geographic Fleet Commander. Units afloat, scheduled for an availability or repairs at Naval Station (NAVSTA) piers (including tender support), may retain ammunition onboard as authorized by the station s CO, the Immediate Superior In Command (ISIC) and the TYCOM. However, the following requirements must be met: a. A strong operational requirement must exist, and must be justified by the TYCOM to the Numbered Fleet Commander, with information provided to SUPSHIP. Certification shall include the basis upon which the determination was made that a strong operational requirement exists. A complete inventory list, NEW, and location of ammunition which is retained onboard shall be provided to the SUPSHIP. For retaining ammunition at a NAVSTA, the operational requirements must be justified by the ISIC to the TYCOM with concurrence from the station s CO. 2-19

44 b. When a ship is scheduled to enter a commercial shipyard, and approval has been granted to allow ammunition to be retained onboard, the U.S. COTP within whose jurisdiction the shipyard is located shall be provided with the name and hull number of the ship, and the types and quantities of ammunition remaining on board. In cases where no COTP office exists, the cognizant Coast Guard District Commander shall be notified. SUPSHIP s shall establish procedures necessary to implement this requirement. c. Concurrence of the activity (i.e., Shipyard/NAVSTA) commander, who shall determine the acceptability of the hazard to the facilities and personnel by evaluating the work to be done, spaces involved, and security and damage control capabilities maintained on board during the availability or repair period. d. The activity commander shall be advised immediately of any change in plans or schedules of work to be accomplished during the restricted availability and shall be given the opportunity to disapprove when this creates unacceptable hazards. The cognizant industrial manager of a commercial shipyard serves the same functions as those required of the Navy activity commander. e. Within the activity, a location shall be selected for the ship which provides as much separation as possible from concentrations of personnel and valuable structures, including other ships, and from fire hazard or explosion hazard locations. The ship must not be exposed to any avoidable fire or other hazardous condition within the ship, on shore, on the dock, or in other ships, lighters, or craft. f. All ammunition retained on board must be stowed in sprinkler-protected spaces. All ammunition and explosives will be removed from ready-service locations, gun mounts, weapons, and launchers. SEA SPARROW, STANDARD, HARPOON, Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM), Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) and TOMAHAWK missiles may remain in their launchers provided the launchers remain closed. Mk 46 and Mk 54 Torpedoes in weather deck mounted Mk 32 Torpedo tubes should be downloaded to magazine stowage. For cases where the Mk 32 Torpedo tubes are located in the torpedo magazine, the requirement to download the Mk 46 and Mk 54 Torpedoes from these torpedo tubes does not apply. In all cases, pressure will be removed from the Mk 32 Torpedo tube air flask. No test or maintenance involving live ordnance shall be conducted when weapons are in their launchers or torpedoes tubes. g. The safety requirements for hot work discussed in paragraph are met. h. Activity emergency services, including fire, security, safety, and medical organizations are notified that ammunition remains onboard. i. The ship's fire prevention and DC organizations shall be fully effective at all times throughout the availability period. j. Retaining ammunition onboard while in an Outside the Continental United States (OCONUS) commercial shipyard or drydock requires an event waiver approved by the Geographical Fleet Commander in accordance with paragraph

45 k. Ships undergoing repairs, overhaul or maintenance availabilities that cannot meet the requirements of paragraphs and must request an event waiver from OPNAV in accordance with paragraph MOVEMENT OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES IN A SHIPYARD OR SHIP REPAIR FACILITY (SRF). There shall be no stowing, restowing, testing, sampling, onloading, or offloading of ammunition and explosives while the ship is in the maintenance availability or repair period. There shall be no handling of ammunition and explosives, except as required for the arming of guards to maintain security or the removal or replacement of pyrotechnics in ready-service lockers, lifeboats or life rafts, and security and safety-at-sea items addressed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. The movement of ammunition and explosives in a shipyard or SRF shall be in accordance with paragraphs and of this manual, NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 and written local procedures Concussion Grenades. HC/D 1.1F concussion grenades may be stowed in ship s secure, operational magazines, or zero-arc magazines on ships in shipyards/srf s, when necessary to meet security requirements without requesting site approval or an event waiver. If the ship is placed in drydock, the grenades must be offloaded or restricted to stowage in zero-arc magazines. The following conditions are mandatory to the stowage and handling of this security material: a. The minimum amount of HC/D 1.1F material necessary to meet mission requirements will be stowed on board ships with a 10 pounds NEW limit. b. No hot work is planned or conducted during the movement, subject to the precautions and requirements of paragraph a. c. Zero-arc ready-service stowage magazines with pumice-filled containers shall be used. d. The zero-arc magazines must be placed in a location free from hot work or material handling that also ensures constant security surveillance. A space visible from the quarterdeck or other suitable location shall be approved by the ship s CO. The 42-inch square footprint will load the deck to 185 pounds per square foot. Each selected location should be reviewed by the planning yard for adequate deck strength. e. If the zero-arc magazine must be relocated on the ship, or moved off the ship, the HC/D 1.1F material must be moved in the pumice-filled containers and staged in the new location until the magazine is in position applying the following restrictions: (1) Moves shall be conducted when the workforce present on board can be limited to those essential to ordnance movement, and ship safety and security. All personnel not essential to the ordnance movement must be evacuated beyond the 100 foot fragmentation zone. (2) A single point of contact familiar with the status and plans for shipyard/srf and ship s forces repair efforts, such as the ship s superintendent, will coordinate HC/D 1.1F material movement and stowage. 2-21

46 2-17. INERT AMMUNITION COMPONENTS. Inert ammunition does not contain any explosive material, but is identified by a DODIC/NALC and National Stock Number (NSN) with the exception of Cartridge Actuated Devices (CAD s) and Propellant Actuated Devices (PAD s). Only inert ammunition and components shall be used for classroom training, displays (public or otherwise), public functions, and patriotic occasions. Inert ammunition used for training or drill purposes shall always receive the same care and attention during handling, including use of approved handling equipment, as is given to service or live ammunition. Fuze-hole threads, rotating bands, fin stabilizers, projectile caps, windshields, and similar inert ammunition components shall be protected against damage. All fuze-hole or similar cavities shall be closed with approved plugs or closures to protect the fuze-hole threads and cavities unless the ammunition or components are boxed, palletized, or specifically exempted by NOSSA. Precautions shall be taken to avoid defacing or marring of identification markings INERT DISPLAY ORDNANCE. Display ordnance items shall not contain any explosive material or any other hazardous components such as batteries, high pressure vessels, or other devices such as spring high tension assemblies which may injure personnel. The requirements for inerting ammunition is detailed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume MATERIAL POTENTIALLY PRESENTING AN EXPLOSIVE HAZARD (MPPEH). Any MPPEH generated afloat, such as expended casings, empty ammunition containers and targets, must be managed in accordance with explosives safety criteria as follows: a. All empty ammunition containers must be properly sentenced, including certified as Material Documented as Safe (MDAS), in accordance with NAVSUP P-805 prior to transfer. b. Any other MPPEH, including expended casings, targets and used packaging materials from ammunition containers, must be managed in accordance with NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. MDAS certification must be completed prior to transfer, unless the receiving shore activity agrees to accept the MPPEH as outlined in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume EMERGENCY JETTISON OF ORDNANCE AT SEA. Intentionally dumping or disposal of ordnance at sea is prohibited except to safeguard life or safety of the ship. Deteriorated or damaged ordnance constituting a hazard shall be rendered safe, recovered, or disposed of by EOD personnel only as outlined in OPNAVINST (series). Any ordnance that cannot be specifically identified shall only be handled by EOD personnel. In the absence of EOD personnel, unsafe ordnance shall be jettisoned overboard in emergency situations as directed by the CO/Master. The inability to meet the timeframe specified in an urgent Notice of Ammunition Reclassification (NAR) may also constitute an emergency situation. If possible, emergency jettison shall be accomplished at a distance greater than 12 nautical miles (nm) from land in an area with water depth exceeding 500 fathoms (3,000 feet). The CO/ Master shall maintain a record of the event by recording it in the ship s deck log documenting the date, time, latitude, longitude, NALC/nomenclature, quantity or ordnance/ammunition, the date time group of the NAR action (if applicable), and a description of why the jettison action was necessary. Additionally, the ship s Ordnance Information System-Retail (OIS-R) or Retail Ordnance Logistics Management System (ROLMS) account shall be updated using the correct jettison transaction code in accordance with the Ammunition Transition Report (ATR) Transaction Code Summary documented in NAVSUP P-724 when completing the expenditure transaction. Ensure OPNAV (N45 and N411) is informed, via Naval message, of the at sea emergency jettison action. 2-22

47 2-21. MISHAP REPORTING. Reporting explosive mishaps and conventional ordnance discrepancies is essential to the DON explosive safety program. Prompt submission of explosive mishap reports (EMR) is required in accordance with OPNAVINST (series), while explosive event reports (EER) and conventional ordnance discrepancy reports (CODR) is required in accordance with OPNAVINST (series). OPNAVINST (series) provides the policy and procedures for reporting aviation related flight mishaps. If ordnance is involved in such mishaps, a report submitted in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) and OPNAVINST (series) may also be required SURFACE SHIP COMBAT SYSTEM SMOOTH LOG. The combat system smooth log shall be maintained in the format outlined in the War Fighting Improvement Program (WFIP) 52 (series). This data is considered the minimum requirement. Additional data may be retained as necessary to support the configuration of a particular ship. The combat system smooth log shall be available for review during a SESI, as addressed in paragraph /(2-24 Blank)

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49 CHAPTER 3 HANDLING AND STOWAGE 3-1. GENERAL. This chapter provides the general regulations and responsibilities for the handling and stowage of ammunition and explosives afloat. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled and stowed carefully to prevent shock, friction, or damage that may cause a fire, explosion, or performance failure. The majority of explosive mishaps occur during the handling of ordnance and are caused by carelessness, inadequate supervision, and failure to follow procedures. In addition to the safety precautions prescribed in this chapter, table 3-1 identifies the regulatory documentation relating to the handling and stowage of ammunition aboard specific ships that must be followed to ensure and promote a safe explosives safety program. Table 3-1. Ammunition Handling and Stowage Documentation NAVSEA Documentation Number S9086-XG-STM-010/CH-700 SG420-BJ-WHS-010/020(C) SG420-B5-WHS-010 SG420-B9-WHS-010/020(C) SG420-CP-WHS-010 SG420-CU-MMO-010/020 SG420-CY-WHS-010(C) (C) denotes confidential document. Title Shipboard Ammunition Handling and Stowage Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Handling and Stowage of Air-Launched Weapons Aboard Amphibious Ships Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Applicable Ships All Ships CVN-70 All Amphibious Ships CVN-71 CVN-72 CVN-68 CVN

50 Table 3-1. Ammunition Handling and Stowage Documentation (Continued) NAVSEA Documentation Number SG420-C3-WHS-010 SG420-DB-WHS-010/020 SG420-DC-WHS-010(C) SG420-DD-WHS-010(C) SG420-DM-WHS-010 SG420-DP-WHS-010 SW023-AJ-WHS-010 TW023-AB-WHS-010 (formerly OP 3206) (C) denotes confidential document. Title Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Aviation Ordnance Aboard Surface Combatant Ships Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air-Launched Conventional Weapons Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air-Launched Conventional Weapons Handling and Stowage of Amphibious Assault Ammunition Aboard Amphibious Ships Handling and Stowage of Naval Ordnance Aboard Ammunition Ships Applicable Ships All Surface Combatant Ships CVN-69 CVN-75 CVN-76 CVN-77 CVN-73 All Amphibious Ships Military Sealift Command (MSC) 3-2. HANDLING AND STOWAGE. The following are the minimum requirements for safe handling and stowage evolutions, and shall be considered for inclusion in pre-ordnance operations safety briefs: a. Ammunition handling and stowage evolutions shall be exclusive of all other operations. b. Only essential personnel who are properly qualified, certified and supervised in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) or Marine Corps Order (MCO) (series) shall be engaged in ammunition handling operations. c. Prior to beginning any ammunition handling operation, all personnel assigned to operate handling equipment shall be instructed on the safety precautions applicable to the ammunition and to the handling equipment they operate. 3-2

51 d. Safing devices equipped on appropriate weapon systems shall be kept in the "SAFE" or "UNARMED" position, as described in the applicable weapon system technical manual, prior to any handling operation. e. Only approved handling equipment shall be used for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. All handling equipment shall be used only in the configuration for which it was designed. f. During handling and stowage evolutions, personnel shall ensure no obstructions during the passing of ordnance through all spaces and through all structural openings. g. Safety observers shall be stationed in order to maintain a complete level of surveillance of all ammunition handling and stowage operations. h. Positive communication shall be established and maintained during handling and stowage evolutions. i. Instruction charts, showing all operating features, functions, and safety precautions applicable to the handling equipment shall be mounted near or on the equipment, or the adjacent structure. The chart shall be displayed so that it can be easily read from an advantageous position or operating station. j. Positive control of ordnance shall be maintained during all stowage and handling operations. k. Ordnance shall not be left unattended. l. Ammunition and explosives shall only be handled when operationally necessary. m. Daily inspection and temperature readings in accordance with applicable Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRCs) shall be performed on all stowage spaces where ammunition is present. n. All spaces or areas containing ammunition and explosives, regardless of duration, shall be kept clean and free of debris. o. Food and drink are prohibited in magazines when ammunition and explosives are present. p. Smoking, to include electronic/vapor cigarettes are forbidden in any areas where ammunition and explosives are handled, stowed or staged. Smoking is prohibited within 10 feet of ammunition and explosives. q. Personnel shall not bring any type of open flame, spark- or flame-producing devices in areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed or handled. r. A means or method must be established to immediately isolate exposed ordnance from the scene of an accident, strike the ordnance below to magazines or, if necessary, jettison the ordnance over-the-side. s. Limitations and potential issues regarding firefighting and fire protection systems along the path of travel. 3-3

52 3-3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES. Personnel shall be trained in emergency procedures and fully aware of all associated equipment in the vicinity of magazines, weapons handling spaces and weapons handling routes, and know how to use them HANDLING OPERATION MINIMIZATION. Handling of live ammunition shall be kept to a minimum to reduce the chance of mishaps. Ship s equipment designed for ordnance handling shall be used to minimize the risks associated with handling ordnance. The particular handling operations shall cease upon the detection of damaged ordnance. Ammunition and explosives shall not be exposed unnecessarily to inclement weather or to direct sunlight DOORS AND HATCHES. When opening doors and hatches during ammunition handling operations, the following precautions shall be observed: a. Before opening or closing power-operated doors or hatches, the operator shall ensure that the open/closure path will be free and clear of all obstacles. b. Doors and hatches shall be secured in the "open" position during ordnance operations. Ensure there are no obstructions hindering handling operations. c. All magazine doors shall be kept closed when not in use unless personnel and materials are transiting through the doors AMMUNITION ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT. Refer to NAVSUP P-724, P-801, P-802, P-803 and P-805 (as applicable) for ammunition accounting, sentencing and Notices of Ammunition Reclassification (NARs), Over Head Fire (OHF), and Ammunition Information Notice (AIN) procedures RETURN OF UNSAFE, ARMED, OR SUSPECT AMMUNITION OR EXPLOSIVES. Unsafe ammunition or explosives shall be segregated in stowage and reported in accordance with NAVSUP P-724 and other technical directives. Unsafe ammunition and explosives will not be offloaded concurrently with any other ammunition or explosives PIERSIDE AMMUNITION TRANSFER OPERATIONS. Loading and unloading of five pounds or less Net Explosive Weight (NEW) of Hazard Class/Division (HC/D) 1.4S material does not generate an Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance (ESQD) arc, and is not considered a pierside ammunition handling evolution for the purposes of this manual SHIPBOARD INSTALLED HANDLING EQUIPMENT. This paragraph identifies the types of shipboard installed handling equipment, with specific requirements, for ammunition and explosives handling operations ELEVATORS. Elevators are fixed shipboard systems designed and authorized to vertically move ammunition and explosives between decks. Elevators may be specifically designed for moving ammunition and explosives only or may be multipurpose designs used also for cargo or aircraft. Elevators which carry ammunition and explosives may be called cargo/weapons elevators, weapons elevators, aircraft elevators, pallet elevators, and other designations. Naval Sea Systems Command 3-4

53 (NAVSEASYSCOM)(SEA-05) serves as the Navy s technical authority design agent for all types of elevators. All elevator operation, maintenance, inspection and testing, including level III System Operability Tests (SOTs), shall be in accordance with NSTM S9086-ZN-STM-010/CH SHIPBOARD AMMUNITION HANDLING EQUIPMENT. All shipboard ammunition handling equipment operation, maintenance, inspection and testing, including Level III SOTs, shall be in accordance with NSTM S9086-XG-STM-010/CH CRANES. All shipboard crane operation, maintenance inspection, testing, certification and crane crew qualification requirements shall be in accordance with NSTM S9086-T4-STM-010/CH-589. Cranes shall be used in the power-down modes of regulating load descent. Cranes that use only the drop-brake or free-fall method of regulating rate of load descent shall not be used for handling ammunition and explosives. Cranes having both power-down and free-fall modes available shall use only the power-down mode and shall have the free-fall capability disable or locked out during such operations VERTICAL PACKAGE CONVEYORS (VPCs). Vertical package conveyors may be used to transfer properly packaged.50 caliber or small percussion primed ammunition or inert items. If an authorized stowage location is serviced by a VPC, it may be used to transfer.50 caliber or smaller percussion primed ammunition or inert items. For other uses, the ship must request a waiver as described in paragraph All shipboard VPC operation, maintenance, inspection, and testing shall be in accordance with NSTM S9086-TL-STM-010/CH CARGO BOOMS. Ship s cargo booms are authorized to transfer ammunition and explosives provided they are certified in accordance with NSTM S9086-TM-STM-010/CH-573 for all inspection, weight testing and personnel qualification requirements. Additionally, a dummy load weighing the maximum intended weight to be transferred will be cycled (one complete transfer evaluation) prior to any actual transfer operation. During pierside operations, the handling of ordnance booms is permissible provided concurrence has been received by the CO of the shore activity AIRCRAFT ELEVATORS (ACE). All aircraft elevator operation, maintenance, inspection and testing, including Level III SOTs, shall be in accordance with NSTM S9086-T3-STM-010/CH UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT (UNREP). UNREP consists of connected replenishment (CONREP) and vertical replenishment (VERTREP) and is the authorized method of transferring ammunition and explosives between ships at sea. All ammunition and explosives must be packaged as a fleet issue unit load (FIUL). The required procedures for safely handling and transferring all FIULs during UNREP operations are described in NAVSEA S9571-AA-MMA-010. The replenishmnet-at-sea systems, including the principle equipment and their use, shall meet the requirements of NSTM S9086- TK-STM-010/CH-571. Approved rigging systems for CONREP operations, such as Standard Tension Replenishment Along Method (STREAM), and their installation and operating procedures are specified in NTTP Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) requirements in accordance with NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2 must be followed during all UNREP operations. Simultaneous transfer of fuel and UNREP operations involving ammunition and explosives while at sea is authorized. 3-5

54 3-8. HANDLING EQUIPMENT. This paragraph addresses the designated commands authorized to approve handling equipment, provides general handling regulations, and identifies the types of handling equipment, with specific requirements, during ammunition and explosives handling operations. The types of handling equipment discussed are: ordnance handling equipment (OHE), materials handling equipment (MHE), weight handling equipment (WHE), and armament weapons support equipment (AWSE) APPROVED HANDLING EQUIPMENT. Only handling equipment that is approved by Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM), Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIRSYSCOM), Director, Strategic Systems Program (DIRSSP), or Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (IHEODTD) Detachment Picatinny, Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center, Picatinny, NJ, as applicable, shall be used for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. These certifying commands shall maintain configuration management requirements. Ships are not authorized to procure handling equipment Modifications. Modifications to any handling equipment shall be made only after the appropriate technical authority has granted approval. Complete details of the proposed modification along with the necessary photographs, drawings, engineering data, justification of modification, and the anticipated improvements shall be forwarded to the appropriate technical authority Approved Configuration. All handling equipment shall be used only in the configuration for which it was designed, as shown in the equipment technical manuals, weapons technical manual and other approved handling equipment documentation. Unit loads of ammunition, explosives and their associated components require the prescribed approved handling equipment to be used only in their intended configurations to safely handle and transport them General Requirements for Handling Equipment. All handling equipment shall be visually inspected prior to use, weight tested within its scheduled periodicity, and properly maintained in accordance with the appropriate documentation in the paragraphs that follow General Handling Regulations. General safety requirements that apply to all ammunition and explosives operations involving handling equipment include: a. Personnel shall stand clear of both moving and suspended loads. b. Loose clothing that could be entangled in operating equipment shall not be worn. c. When using any hanlding equipment (i.e., OHE, MHE, WHE, AWSE) never lift more than one pallet or container unless it is strapped together, interlocked as a unit load (figure 3-1), or secured together with unitizing latches (figure 3-2) and is within rated capacity of the equipment. 3-6

55 FIGURE 3-1. Close-Up of Container Lift Arm Assembly (Interlocking Feature) FIGURE 3-2. Container Unitizing Latches 3-7

56 ORDNANCE HANDLING EQUIPMENT (OHE). By definition, OHE is specially-designed mechanical equipment used for assembling, disassembling, handling, transporting, lifting, positioning, rotating or containing conventional weapons, ammunition, explosives, and related components. While typically portable in nature and not self-propelled, OHE can serve as a link between permanently mounted and mobile lifting equipment (e.g., cranes, forklifts, etc.). OHE is used for dockside loading and offloading; intra-station handling in production, maintenance and storage areas; shipboard handling and transfer at sea operations. Examples of OHE include adapters, beams, carriers, dollies, handlift trucks, restraint fixtures, slings, and stands. The use of OHE for handling ammunition and explosives shall comply with the following safety provisions General Requirements For OHE. The proper type of approved OHE must be selected for the type of handling situation involved. Selection factors that should be considered are the SWL of the OHE, the interface between the OHE and the item being lifted, and the height of the load. NAVSEA OP 2173/NAVAIR provides detailed information on the approved types of OHE designed to handle ammunition and explosives. OHE shall be visually inspected prior to use in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) for the applicable Planned Maintenance System (PMS) which contains the applicable Maintenance Index Page (MIP) and associated MRCs or, for Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships, COMSCINST (series) for the Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management (SAMM) program. OHE shall be used only in the configuration for which it was designed, as shown in NAVSEA OP 2173/NAVAIR , NAVSEA OR-67s, weapons technical manuals, and other approved NAVAIR, DIRSSP or PHST Center handling equipment documentation. All OHE shall contain a serial number that has been applied by either the original manufacturer for newly procured items or locally for older items. Shipboard OHE allowances are identified in Portable OHE Allowance and Inventory Reports for Amphibious Warfare (AW) ships, for combatant ships, and for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships, respectively. These OHE allowances are published in the Consolidated Shipboard Allowance List (COSAL). For aviation capable ships, OHE allowances are also documented in the ships Individual Material Readiness List (IMRL) Safe Operating Instructions. The following safety precautions shall be observed by all personnel using OHE: a. Use only approved OHE for the specific ammunition to be lifted. Refer to NAVSEA OP 2173/ NAVAIR for the specific applications the OHE is intended to handle or lift ammunition and explosives. b. Never exceed the safe working load (SWL) of the OHE. c. Hooks used in handling ammunition shall be moused or equipped with safety latches to prevent accidental unhooking. NOTE The Mk 108 Mod 1 Ammunition Security Pallet Crate has not been certified for vertical replenishment (VERTREP) transfer operations. 3-8

57 d. The transfer of unpalletized (loose) ammunition and explosives should be avoided during all loading and unloading operations. The Mk 108 Mod 1 Ammunition Security Pallet Crate is approved for transferring up to 4,000 pounds of unpalletized, compatible items during connected replenishment (CONREP) operations or the lockable Joint Modular Intermodal Container (JMIC) Crate is approved for transferring up to 3,000 pounds of unpalletized, compatible items during either CONREP or VERTREP operations. No other types of crates, including triwall containers, shall be used during underway replenishment (UNREP) operations involving ammunition and explosives. e. Positive control for all handling operations where ordnance is moved by overhead handling equipment that does not confine motion is considered acceptable when personnel have hands on control of the ordnance within their reach. Tag lines shall be used by personnel to maintain positive control when the ordnance is outside or above the reach. Tag lines shall be of adequate length and shall be kept free of loops and knots. f. Loose shackles (i.e., shackles which are not an integral part of the OHE design) are only authorized to lift loads that are 80% of the marked SWL on the shackles by the manufacturer. For example, if a shackle has a SWL marked on it of 1,000 pounds, the user can only lift a load of 800 pounds. NOTE Shackles which are an integral part of approved Navy OHE have been appropriately de-rated to meet Navy criteria and are therefore exempt from this statement. Only shackles which have been permanently marked in raised letters with the SWL, size, and manufacturer identification shall be used with ammunition and explosives. g. Nylon webbing cargo net slings, commonly known as cargo nets, shall not be used alone for transferring empty or filled, thin-walled ammunition containers likely to be damaged. When ammunition containers are hoisted or lowered with nylon webbing cargo net slings, a rigid wooden platform or base should be fitted in the net upon which the containers can be placed, stacked, or piled. The containers should be set up on their stowage rings to prevent shifting and bumping into each other and to keep pressure away from their thin sides. For CONREP operations, a rope becket shall be used to interface between the overhead hoist and the nylon webbing cargo net sling Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of OHE. The inspection, maintenance and testing of OHE shall comply with the following provisions: a. Inspection. All approved OHE shall be visually inspected by the user prior to use in accordance with the applicable MRC/SAMM. If additional guidance for inspection is required or no MRC is available, do not use OHE and contact the Naval PHST Center for proper instructions. Inspected OHE that contains defects or has expired or missing test tags shall be removed from service and tagged non-serviceable. OHE that is inspected by the current MRC s and found to be missing the weight test tag, may be re-tagged, provided the ship has current weight test documentation. Unserviceable OHE shall be physically separated from serviceable OHE to prevent its inadvertent use. Hooks that are suspected of being cracked shall not be used until the protective finish in the potentially cracked area can be removed 3-9

58 for closer inspection. Refinishing of hooks, i.e., painting or galvanizing, is not required and shall not be conducted aboard ship. b. Maintenance. Organizational level maintenance of OHE shall be conducted as specified in the applicable MRC/SAMM issued for each item. Intermediate level maintenance, as specified in NAVSEA OR-99, NAVAIR 19 Series Operation and Maintenance manuals, or equivalent documents, may be performed by ships so authorized. All maintenance shall be completed prior to placing any equipment into service. c. Testing. Serviceable shipboard OHE shall be periodically weight tested by a certified activity in accordance with the methods provided in NAVSEA SG420-AP-MMA-010 or NAVAIR at intervals of every 4 years minimum. Armament handling equipment used for aircraft uploading and downloading of ammunition and explosives shall be tested and marked in accordance with applicable NAVAIR (series) MRC s. If repaired, the OHE must be tested by a certified activity and marked before use. (1) Exemptions From Periodic Weight Test. Loose shackles, some adapters, nylon webbing cargo net slings, handlift trucks, dollies, bars, some skip boxes, covers, cradles, crates, skids, stands, tag lines and tiedown assemblies are exempt from the periodic testing requirement. However, they must be thoroughly examined for cracks, permanent deformation, dimensional changes or other defects prior to and after use in accordance with the applicable MRC/SAMM. (2) Metallic OHE. When suspected of structural or welding defects, beams, carriers, strongbacks, hooks and any other OHE constructed of metal which are used for lifting ammunition and explosives, shall be removed from service until examined by non-destructive testing (NDT) methods and any required repairs have been completed Marking Tested Equipment. OHE that has satisfactorily passed the initial weight tests and subsequent periodic weight tests shall be marked accordingly. New handling equipment will be weight tested and marked by the manufacturer as specified in applicable procurement documents. Ships receiving new, overhauled, or tested handling equipment shall verify that the equipment has been weight tested, if applicable, before use. Equipment marked or tagged in accordance with the provisions of this manual satisfies the verification process. OHE shall be identified as to SWL, testing activity and the test expiration date on the test tag as a minimum. OHE passing the weight test shall be clearly marked by the certified testing activity to include the following information: TEST FACILITY: (testing activity name) TEST EXPIRATION DATE: (month/year) SAFE WORKING LOAD: POUNDS (number) New equipment received in the original packaging shall have the test expiration date identified as four years from the date the package is opened, provided that the equipment meets the inspection 3-10

59 requirements. Similarly, OHE which has been retested and placed in storage in a serviceable condition may be remarked one time upon issue with a current test expiration date (i.e., 4 years from the date of receipt) as long as the OHE satisfactorily passes receipt inspection. In this situation, the new test tag shall include the words REMARKED along with the name of the activity or ship applying the new test tag, the new test expiration date, and the SWL. The method of marking shall be appropriate to the particular item, subject to the following: a. The limitations provided in NAVSEA SG420-AP-MMA-010. Additionally, ships are required to provide testing activities with a copy of any documentation maintained in the equipment file supporting non-destructive tests performed on OHE that were die/steel stamped with local serial numbers. b. Ships shall maintain a record that, as a minimum, identifies the OHE type (by nomenclature), assigned serial numbers (either locally or by the manufacturer), the test expiration date, the words REMARKED (if applicable), and the testing activity s name or the ship s name if REMARKED. c. Refer to NSTM S9086-XG-STM-010/CH-700 for additional marking and recording requirements aboard submarines. d. Test tags shall be used on all slings as follows: Strap, tiedown, electrical components, adjustable, self-clinching, plastic, SAE-AS33671, figure 3-3 (color: Black or Natural). The information recorded on these test tags shall be steel stamped, etched or engraved on the tag with the letters or numbers filled with contrasting black or white lacquer fill-in-paint, as appropriate, in accordance with NAVSEA Drawing or equivalent. e. Metal tags used on OHE other than slings shall be attached on a flat surface with rivets, screws or adhesive backing on the label. f. Wired-on metal tags shall not be used for any OHE. FIGURE 3-3. Test Tag 3-11

60 Nylon Rope Slings. The following requirements must be met when using approved nylon rope slings, such as the Mk 105 Mod 0 Hoisting Sling, to handle ammunition and explosives: a. Taut, dry rope must be slacked off immediately if it becomes wet. This sling when wet expands in diameter and, conversely, shrinks in length due to this expansion. If the sling is not allowed to shrink freely when wet, it may subject itself to a strain as great or greater than it would carry under load. b. Never allow nylon rope slings to come into contact with acid, oil, grease or become very wet. c. Nylon rope slings never should be stowed when wet or damp. After being used any sand, grit, and salt water should be removed from the rope by wetting it down with fresh water before drying. The rope should be faked, if possible, to ensure free circulation of air. The slings should be stowed in a wellventilated place. d. Before using nylon rope slings to lift heavy loads, test it by adding a strain very slowly until the load is lifted clear. Then let it hang just barely clear off the deck for a short time so that if the rope does break the damage to the load is minimal Local Certification of Handling Equipment (OHE). Shore activities (i.e., shipyards) are authorized to design and procure OHE specifically for shipboard use during pierside operations only without approval from the appropriate commands identified in paragraph 3-8.1, provided they comply with the local handling certification requirements documented in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT (MHE). Naval Supply Command Publication (NAVSUP PUB) 538 provides administrative regulations, technical instructions, approved types of MHE, safety precautions, operational and preventive maintenance requirements, and battery maintenance and charging procedures commonly available for the general use of MHE. NAVSEA SW023-AH-WHM-010 describes the prescribed safety specifications and regulations of industrial MHE and approved associated forklift attachments specifically assigned to handle ammunition and explosives. It also identifies the requirements for training and licensing of operators, minimum instructor qualifications, operational safety regulations, fueling requirements, battery charging operations, approved MHE to handle ammunition and explosives in specific hazardous operational areas, and maintenance, testing and inspection programs. Battery charging stations shall not be located in ordnance stowage areas, such as magazines. Battery charging operations where ammunition and explosives are present may only be performed in large, well-ventilated spaces WEIGHT HANDLING EQUIPMENT (WHE). Weight handling equipment (WHE) consisting of cranes, hoists, and cargo booms may be used to handle ammunition and explosives. The following general safety requirements shall be observed during these handling operations: a. Operators shall inspect WHE prior to use for any defects or damage and immediately report deficiencies to the supervisor. Use of defective or damaged WHE is prohibited. b. Only qualified and certified personnel shall be permitted to operate WHE. They shall become familiar with the operation and limitations of WHE and understand the function of and know how to operate all emergency devices. 3-12

61 c. When using OHE, described in paragraph 3-8.2, with WHE, ensure that only the appropriate handling equipment is used and that it is positively secured. d. Never exceed the SWL of the WHE. e. Always avoid sudden strains on wire rope. f. WHE shall be tagged "OUT OF SERVICE" when conducting inspections, maintenance or whenever there is an indication of malfunction. They shall remain out of service until inspections, adjustments or repairs have been completed, and they have been tested and determined to meet the required standards Cranes. Top-side cranes and their operating, maintenance, inspection, testing, certification and crane crew qualification requirements are described in NSTM S9086-T4-STM-010/CH-589. Depending upon the type of handling situation involved, the following selection factors must be considered: the type of power (manual or electric), the type of hoisting arrangement (single or double cable, or chain), and the height of the lift. Cranes shall be used in the power-down modes of regulating load descent. Cranes that use only the drop-brake or free-fall method of regulating rate of load descent shall not be used for handling ammunition and explosives. Cranes having both power-down and free-fall modes available shall use only the power-down mode and shall have the free-fall capability disabled or locked out during such operations Hoists. Shipboard hoists are fixed or portable systems designed and authorized to move ammunition and explosives within the ship s structure. Examples of shipboard hoists include whip hoists (used with booms and davits), manually-operated hoists, electric and pneumatic chain and wire rope hoists, hydraulic hoists, trolley hoists, bridge cranes, well deck bridge cranes, cargo monorail systems, and monorail and bi-rail hoists. All ordnance hoist operation, maintenance, inspection and testing requirements shall be in accordance with the applicable MRC, SAMM or NSTM S9086-XG-STM-010/ CH-700. Hoists may be specifically designed for moving ammunition and explosives only or may be multipurpose designs used for cargo, aircraft and other materials. Specific safety precautions are provided below and must be observed: a. Operating instructions must be posted in the vicinity of all hoist controls. b. When provided, covers on ordnance hoists shall be secured when hoists are not in use. Material shall not be stowed in ordnance hoist trunks, with the exception of emergency ordnance handling (EOH) equipment aboard aircraft carriers. Deflectors and other devices that are used only in lowering ammunition and explosives shall be stowed as designated when not in use. cable. c. Reel in the hoisting cable when the ordnance hoist is not in use to prevent kinks or bends in the Cargo Booms. Ship s cargo booms are authorized to transfer ammunition and explosives provided they are certified in accordance with NSTM S9086-TM-STM-010/CH-573 for all inspection, weight testing and personnel qualification requirements. Additionally, a dummy load weighing the maximum intended weight to be transferred will be cycled (one complete transfer evolution) prior to any 3-13

62 actual transfer operation. During pierside operations, the handling of ordnance with cargo booms is permissible provided concurrence has been received by the CO of the shore activity. No additional certification requirements are needed for the cargo booms for these operations Submarine Weapons Handling Equipment. Submarine weapons handling equipment will be designated as all equipment for handling pierside to and from the host submarine, and underway for torpedoes, missiles, Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (AA&E), Special Operations Forces (SOF) and other special payloads equipment shall be developed and controlled by NAVSEASYSCOM (SEA-05Z), who serves as the Navy s technical warrant holder for submarine weapons handling equipment ARMAMENT WEAPONS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (AWSE). AWSE, as described in NAVSEA OP 2173/NAVAIR , used for handling and loading of airborne weapons shall be inspected and operated in accordance with the appropriate NAVAIR 17 (series) and NAVAIR 19 (series) Operational and Maintenance manuals. Periodic maintenance of AWSE shall be performed in accordance with NAVAIR (series) or AG (series) Periodic Maintenance (PMRM s). Periodic weight testing shall be conducted in accordance with NAVAIR AWSE shall be configured in accordance with NAVAIR ORDNANCE STAGING. If ordnance staging is required to meet operational requirements, use only those areas designated as staging areas. A staging area shall not be for prolongued stowage. When ordnance is present, the staging area shall be manned at all times and have a means of communication. All weapons temporarily positioned in a staging area shall be on mobile handling equipment to the maximum extent possible Prior to an on-load/off-load where ammunition and explosives will be temporarily staged on aircraft elevators, flight decks, hangar bays, or sponsons, adequate fire hose or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) coverage shall be provided in accordance with paragraph Ships without a designated or dedicated weapons staging area on the flight deck shall establish and implement procedures that ensure ordnance strike-up from magazines is readily available for aircraft loading WORK IN STOWAGE AREAS. Work in a magazine shall be limited to stowing or breaking out of ammunition and explosives, canning or de-canning operations, weapon assembly or disassembly, loading or unloading from handling equipment, keeping the stowage space clean, and maintaining the supporting equipment in the magazine Prior to performing any work which might cause abnormally high temperatures or intense local heat in a magazine or adjacent compartment, all ammunition and explosives shall be removed to other safe stowage until such work is completed and normal conditions are restored Electrical and test equipment is prohibited for stowage in any magazine containing ammunition and explosives. Only those power tools listed in the ship s electrical safety program, and specified by weapon system technical manuals are permitted for use on ammunition or explosives. 3-14

63 3-11. USE OF MAGAZINES AND LOCKERS FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN ORDNANCE STOWAGE. The use of magazines and lockers for purposes other than the stowage of ordnance is authorized when the following requirements are met: a. The magazine or locker shall be completely downloaded of all ammunition and explosives. b. The configuration shall not be altered. c. If the magazine is used for purposes that do not require sprinklers and alarms, the sprinklers and alarm systems may be temporarily placed in lay up. d. Stowage of handling equipment (e.g., OHE, MHE, AWSE) is permitted in shipboard magazines. The stowage of handling equipment in magazines shall be limited to only those cases deemed necessary, and where the following safety precautions have been taken: (1) All handling equipment stowed in shipboard magazines must be secured with suitable tiedowns and fittings for rough sea conditions. (2) All batteries on electrically-powered MHE must be disconnected when not in operation. (3) All MHE shall meet the requirements of NAVSUP Publication STOWAGE ARRANGEMENTS. Stowage areas are arranged to provide access to as much ammunition and as many containers as possible, and to provide adequate space for ventilation and handling operations. Ammunition and explosives shall be stowed and secured for sea so that all parts of the magazine and stow will receive maximum ventilation and exposure to the sprinkling system. In addition, the air space between the stowage stack and the surface of adjacent plating (e.g., ship s bulkhead, hull, frames, etc.) shall not be less than 2 inches, except in adjustable batten stowage, pogo stick systems, modular ammunition stowage system, deck gratings, or universal tiedown deck grids, where the ammunition or explosives may sit directly on the grating or grid. The stow shall not obstruct circuit F sensors or air escape lines and shall have a minimum clearance below the sprinkler heads as specified in NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010. Stowage should be arranged so that all weapons may be readily supplied with any type of ammunition. When several lots of ammunition and explosives are stowed in the same magazine, they should be segregated by lot numbers, as practical. Unserviceable ammunition should be stowed in magazine locations that minimize the risk of accidental use, and shall be marked accordingly and segregated from serviceable ammunition. Passageways and safety exits shall not be blocked at any time. Where more than one type of ammunition is stowed in a magazine and where portable battens or alternate stowage facilities have been provided to receive the various types of ammunition, a stowage chart shall be posted. The chart shall show the stowage locations, including ammunition types, quantities and the arrangement of the stowed ammunition SECURING OF STOWAGE. Since any ship in a seaway will move in random fashion, it is essential that all ammunition and explosives is securely stowed except when being handled. Ammunition and explosives should not move when subjected to ship motion. Portable battens and ammunition tiedown chains should be stowed in spaces in which they will be used. Pipes or piping supports shall not be used as tiedown points for the securing of cargo. Where plywood bulkheads are used aboard 3-15

64 amphibious warfare ships, place no physical stress on plywood bulkheads. Refer to paragraph 3-1 for the appropriate shipboard stowage technical manual for procedures and requirements. NOTE The use of ferrous tools during blocking and bracing operations aboard MSC ships shall be authorized by the ship s Master, provided the magazine has no exposed explosives, hazardous concentrations of explosive dust, flammable gases or vapors. When used in the vicinity of hazardous materials, tools shall be clean and handled with utmost care. They shall be inspected prior to use and upon completion of the task EXPOSED ORDNANCE RISKS. Ordnance positioned outside the protection of magazine stowage during handling, staging or when loaded on aircraft greatly increases the danger to the ship should a fire, explosion or aircraft crash occur. The greater the quantity of ordnance exposed, the greater the risk. A means or method must be established to immediately isolate exposed ordnance from the scene of an accident, strike the ordnance below to magazines or, if necessary, jettison the ordnance over-the-side. Related individual or team responsibilities must be clearly defined and training conducted prior to major ordnance handling evolutions and periodically thereafter. For air-capable ships that were not equipped with jettison ramps installed, they must establish a means to jettison ordnance overboard prior to any operation. When exposed ordnance is in imminent danger of direct exposure to fire or explosion and repositioning the ordnance outside the accident scene is not possible without increased risk, over-the-side jettison of the ordnance is authorized. Designated handling routes shall permit unobstructed movement of the ordnance. Jettison ramps in the staging area shall be rigged at all times AMMUNITION AND STOWAGE INSPECTION. Ammunition and stowage inspection consists of two parts: the inspection of the ammunition and the inspection of the magazine space. Ammunition stowage inspections shall be made by qualified personnel who shall use the appropriate MRC to ensure that no deficiency is overlooked AMMUNITION INSPECTION. Ammunition stowage inspection aboard ship will verify that ammunition in stowage has not been affected by loss of environmental control, handling damage, ship's movement or other factors. Ammunition in stowage includes that ammunition maintained in launch systems such as torpedo tubes, vertical launching systems and gun systems. The frequency and extent of the ammunition inspection shall be determined by weapon system technical manuals MAGAZINE INSPECTION. The magazine itself shall be inspected daily when ordnance is stowed in the magazine, as delineated in the PMS MIP s 7000/X01 (for ammunition magazines), 7000/ X02 (for ASROC, missile and torpedo magazines), 7000/X03 (for hypergolic magazines), and 7000/X04 (for submarine lockers), as applicable MAGAZINE LOAD LIMITS. Magazine load limits must be conspicuously posted in the cargo magazines aboard amphibious and MSC cargo/ammunition ships. The maximum allowable deck load limits for these classes of ships are provided in NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010 and MSC TW023-AB- WHS-010, respectively. The appropriate deck load limit shall be posted near the main access to each 3-16

65 cargo magazine. The posting can be either a placard or painted on the bulkhead to read: "Maximum Average Load Limit XXX PSF." MAGAZINE AND READY-SERVICE LOCKER TEMPERATURES. Specific ordnance stowage temperatures in magazines and ready-service lockers (RSLs) are provided in the weapons technical manuals and must be observed. If specific ammunition stowage temperature requirements are not available, magazines or RSLs shall be maintained below 100 degrees Fahrenheit ( F). If a temperature has exceeded the required stowage temperature since the previous inspection, the magazine or RSL shall be artificially cooled as practical and an entry shall be made in red in the Weapons Department record. At that point, the magazine or RSL shall be monitored with hourly temperature readings taken and recorded until the temperature falls below the 100 ºF limit. An entry shall be made of any failure to meet the ordnance or magazine inspection criteria noted above. Whenever ammunition stowage inspection deficiencies are discovered, the facts shall be reported to the ship s Commanding Officer (CO)/Master or Command Duty Officer (CDO). All corrective actions taken for ammunition stowage deficiencies shall be entered in the Weapons Department record. If the temperature is above 100º F, the specific weapons technical manual shall be consulted for temperature limitations, appropriate corrective actions and possible disposition procedures. For sentencing criteria associated with temperature limitations, refer to NAVSUP P-805 (series) PERMISSIBLE STOWAGE. Generally, magazines are provided for each type of ammunition to be stowed aboard a ship. Ammunition and explosives are stowed in stowage spaces specifically designated to hold a single type of ammunition whenever possible. Where several magazines are available for stowing the same type of ammunition, the ammunition should be divided among them as equally as possible. However, ammunition stowage spaces aboard ship are often extremely limited necessitating mixed and compatible stowage. In combatant ship gun magazines, projectiles and propellants that are compatible may be stowed in the same space but must be segregated COMPATIBILITY GROUPS. Ammunition and explosives are assigned a compatibility group based on their similarity of function, features, and accident potential. NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 lists the compatibility group assigned to each National Stock Number (NSN). The compatibility groups are: a. Group A. Initiating (primary) explosives. Bulk initiating explosives that have the necessary sensitivity to heat, friction, or percussion to make them suitable for use as initiating elements in an explosive train. Examples include: bulk lead azide, lead styphnate, mercury fulminate, tetracene, dry cyclonite (RDX), and dry pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Group A materials are prohibited aboard combatant ships. b. Group B. Detonators and similar initiating devices not containing two or more effective protective features. Items containing initiating explosives that are designed to initiate or continue the functioning of an explosive train. Examples include: detonators, blasting caps, small arms primers, and fuzes. c. Group C. Bulk propellants, propelling charges, and devices containing propellant with, or without, its own means of ignition. Examples include: bulk single-, double-, or triple-base, and 3-17

66 composite propellants, rocket motors (solid propellant), and propelled ammunition and explosives with inert projectiles. d. Group D. Bulk black powder; bulk high explosive (HE); and ammunition and explosives without a propelling charge, but containing HE without its own means of initiation, i.e., no initiating device is present or the device has two or more effective protective features. Examples include: bulk trinitrotoluene (TNT), Composition B, and black powder; bulk wet RDX or PETN; bombs, projectiles, cluster bomb units (CBU), depth charges, and torpedo warheads. NOTE Where sufficient stowage space is available, it is desirable to store bulk high explosives separately from ammunition containing high explosives even though they are both in the same compatibility group. e. Group E. Ammunition and explosives containing HE without its own means of initiation and either containing, or with, a solid propelling charge. Examples include: artillery ammunition and explosives, rockets, and guided missiles. f. Group F. Ammunition and explosives containing HE with its own means of initiation, i.e., the initiating device present has less than two effective protective features, and with or without a solid propelling charge. Examples include: grenades, sounding devices, and similar items having explosive trains with less than two effective protective features. g. Group G. Illuminating, incendiary, and smoke (including hexachlorethane) or tear-producing ammunition and explosives excluding those that are water-activated or that contain white phosphorous (WP) or a flammable liquid or gel. Examples include: flares, signals, and pyrotechnic substances. NOTE Some compatibility group G ammunition may contain air activated (pyrophoric) material. h. Group H. Ammunition and explosives containing WP. ammunition and explosives in this group contains fillers that are spontaneously flammable when exposed to the atmosphere. Examples include: WP, and plasticized white phosphorous. i. Group J. Ammunition and explosives containing flammable liquids or gels other than those that are spontaneously flammable when exposed to water or the atmosphere. Examples include: liquidor gel-filled incendiary ammunition and explosives, fuel-air explosive devices, and flammable liquidfueled missiles and torpedoes. j. Group K. Ammunition and explosives containing toxic chemical agents. Ammunition and explosives in this group contains chemicals specifically designed for incapacitating effects more severe than lachrymation (tear-producing). Examples include: artillery or mortar ammunition and explosives (fuzed or unfuzed), grenades, rockets and bombs filled with a lethal or incapacitating chemical agent. 3-18

67 k. Group L. Ammunition and explosives not included in other compatibility group. Ammunition and explosives having characteristics that present a special risk that does not permit storage with other types of ammunition and explosives, or other kinds of explosives, or dissimilar ammunition and explosives of this group. Examples include: water-activated devices, some pyrophorics and phosphides and devices containing these substances, prepackaged hypergolic liquid-fueled rocket engines, triethyl aluminum (TEA), thickened TEA (TPA), and damaged or suspect ammunition and explosives of any group. l. Group N. Ammunition and explosives articles containing only extremely insensitive substances (EIS). m. Group S. Ammunition and explosives that presents no significant hazard. Ammunition and explosives packaged or designed so that any hazardous effects from accidental functioning are limited to an extent that they do not significantly hinder firefighting. In order to qualify for assignment for this compatibility group, projections (which include the complete ammunition and explosives, sub-assemblies, pieces thereof, or its packaging) ejected during hazard classification testing cannot exceed 6 ft-lb [8 joules (J)] in energy. Examples include: explosive switches or valves, and some small arms cartridges CRITERIA FOR COMPATIBILITY. NOSSA is responsible for designating the stowage compatibility of ammunition and explosives. Compatibility requirements are divided into three categories: combatant ships, CLF and cargo ships, and AW ships. Compatibility for each category is based on different stowage criteria. NOTE Damaged or suspect ammunition may only be stowed if it has been certified to be safe for stowage. If it is certified safe, it may be stowed with serviceable ammunition Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Combatant Ships. Tables 3-2 and 3-3 detail the specific permissible ammunition stowage compatibility aboard surface combatants and submarine combatants, respectively. For the purpose of these tables, all hazard class 1.4 items of any compatibility group can be considered as compatibility group S item. However, any compatibility group B item so considered may only be stowed with other compatibility group S items in the same magazine so long as no other non-hazard class/division (HC/D) 1.4 item is stowed in the same magazine. Ordnance items of hazard classes 2 through 9 having a stowage compatibility group may also be stowed as a compatibility group S item. These tables use the ammunition compatibility groups described in paragraphs For SSGN submarines, HC/D 1.1B blasting caps can be stowed alone in magazines or may be stowed with any combination of HC/D 1.4S items. Blasting caps may not be stowed in any magazine with demolition charges present. M6, M7 and Mk 11 Blasting Caps which have been packaged in the Mk 663 Mod 0 Blasting Cap Container, containing no more than 10 items per container and with inner packagings described in NAVSEA SW060-AA-MMA-010, automatically become HC/D 1.4S. They may be stowed in accordance with tables 3-2 or 3-3, including with demolition charges in the same magazine, when unable to stow them in separate magazines not containing demolition charges. Refer to paragraph for other submarine blasting cap stowage requirements. 3-19

68 Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) and Cargo Ships. Table 3-4 details the permissible mixing of compatibility groups of ammunition and explosives aboard CLF and cargo ships. It is based upon the compatibility groups as defined in paragraph Landing Force Ammunition Stowage Compatibility Chart for Amphibious Warfare (AW) Ships. Landing force ammunition consists of Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel (LFORM), Naval Support Element (NSE), and training ammunition. It is a special category of support materiel and components carried aboard AW ships for use by Marine Expeditionary Units (MEU). The ordnance portion of landing force ammunition consists of Class V(A), also known as Mission Load Allowance (MLA), and Class V(W), which is aviation and ground ammunition, respectively. For specific loading, stowing, shoring, and breaking out of aviation ammunition [Class V(A)], refer to NAVSEA SG420-B5-WHS-010; for ground ammunition [Class V(W)], refer to NAVSEA SW023-AJ- WHS-010. NSE and landing force ammunition includes that ordnance required for special warfare units, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), beachmasters, and similar units. Landing force ammunition and explosives are divided into six ammunition groups that must be stowed separately. Table 3-5 details what landing force ammunition, by Department of Transportation (DOT) compatibility group, is included in each ammunition group. Used in conjunction with paragraph 3-16 and table 3-5, appendix C defines each ammunition compatibility classification group and provides a list of examples of those items having similar compatibility, by Navy Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC) or Department of Defense Identification Code (DODIC), for each ammunition group. a. Fume-Tight Bulkheads. The use of portable wooden fume-tight bulkheads is authorized and only required for maintaining compatibility in accordance with table 3-5, except for WP, thermite (TH), and any other ammunition which requires chemical stowage. A description and specific requirements for fume-tight portable plywood bulkheads is provided in NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010. The bulkheads may also be used to separate non-hazardous materials (general cargo items and LFORM Classes I, II, IV and VIII only) from ammunition items. With the concurrence of the CO, the minimum number of plywood bulkheads may be removed for that period of time required to remove or stow ammunition in the subdivision. Bulkheads so removed shall be reinstalled following the completion of removing or stowing ammunition. This may be accomplished under the following circumstances: (1) At approved explosive piers or anchorages to facilitate onload or offload of ammunition. (2) Underway to facilitate ammunition cross-deck operations. b. Amphibious Aviation Ordnance Stowage. On air capable amphibious ships which have not received the ships alterations (SHIPALTs) required to provide dedicated aviation ordnance stowage, aviation ordnance MLA and training ammunition which may be required prior to LFORM offload shall be stowed to allow free access without requiring movement of LFORM ammunition. 3-20

69 Table 3-2. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Surface Combatant Ships (An X indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited) COMPATIBILITY GROUPS A B C D E F G H J K L N S A B X X C X X X 3 2 X X D X X X 3/4 4 2 X X E X X X 3 2 X X F X X G 3 3/ H 4 4 X X J X X K X L 1 N X X X X X S X X X X X 3 X X X X NOTES: 1. Explosives in compatibility group L may only be stowed in the same compartment or magazine with identical explosives within compatibility group L. 2. Compatibility group J missile systems and rocket motors may be stowed with articles of compatibility groups C, D, E and S. Compatibility group J incendiary weapons are forbidden aboard Naval ships. 3. Commercial fireworks are forbidden aboard Naval ships. Thermite (TH) ammunition shall be stowed in top-side jettisonable lockers or other ready-service lockers (RSLs) overhanging the ship where direct burn-through will impact the water. Explosive articles in compatibility group G, other than commercial fireworks and those requiring special stowage, may be stowed with articles of compatibility groups C, D, E and S. 4. Projectiles with compatibility groups G, D, and H are compatible for stowage in accordance with paragraph

70 Table 3-3. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Submarines (An X indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited) COMPATIBILITY GROUPS A B C D E F G H J K L N S A B 5 X C X X X 3 2 X X D X 6 X 3,4 4 2 X X E X X X 3 2 X X F X X G 3 3, H 4 4 X X J X X K X L 1 N X X X X X S X X X X X 3 X X X X NOTES: 1. Explosives in compatibility group L may only be stowed in the same compartment or magazine with identical explosives within compatibility group L. 2. Compatibility group J missile systems and rocket motors may be stowed with articles of compatibility groups C, D, E and S. Compatibility group J incendiary weapons are forbidden aboard submarines. 3. Commercial fireworks and thermite (TH) ammunition are forbidden on submarines. Explosive articles in compatibility group G, except ordnance requiring special stowage, may be stowed with articles of compatibility groups C, D, E and S. 4. Projectiles with compatibility groups G, D, and H are compatible for stowage in accordance with paragraph Compatible stowage of M6, M7 and Mk 11 Blasting Caps shall be in accordance with paragraph Mk 36 Demolition Charges (NALC M976) and Mk 70 Explosive Charge Kits (NALC 9W24) charges must comply with the stowage requirements found in paragraph

71 Table 3-4. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) and Cargo Ships (An X indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited.) COMPATIBILITY GROUPS A B C D E F G H J K L N S A B X X C X X X 1 X X D X X X 1 X X E X X X 1 X X F X X G H X X J X X K X X L 2 N X X X X X S X X X X X 1 X X X X X NOTES: 1. Commercial fireworks are forbidden aboard Naval ships. Thermite (TH) ammunition shall be stowed in top-side jettisonable lockers or other ready-service lockers (RSLs) overhanging the ship where direct burn-through will impact the water. Explosive articles in compatibility group G, other than commercial fireworks and those requiring special stowage, may be stowed with articles of compatibility Groups C, D, E and S. 2. Explosives in compatibility group L may only be stowed in the same compartment or magazine with identical explosives within compatibility group L. 3-23

72 Table 3-5. Compatibility Chart for Various Classes of Landing Force Ammunition Stowed on Amphibious Assault Ships (An X indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited.) COMPATIBILITY AMMUNITION GROUPS GROUPS AA BB CC DD EE FF B X C X D E X F X G 2,3,6 4,10 1 H X S X X X X NOTES: 1. HC smoke and small arms ammunition may be stowed with WP ammunition. 2. Stow in pyrotechnic locker, if available. 3. LPD Class ships are authorized to stow compatibility group G items with ammunition Group AA below decks, provided those items are in the original shipping containers. 4. Requires separate stowage on a weather deck, in a locker or other container readily accessible for jettisoning. 5. Except bombs or demolition charges. 6. Except Thermite (TH) ammunition. 7. Hazard Class 1.2 and 1.4 fuzes only. 8. Bombs only. 9. Demolition charges only. 10. TH ammunition only. AMMUNITION GROUP KEY: Ammunition Group AA - Pyrotechnics in their original shipping containers, large caliber and small arms ammunition, HE-loaded items except bombs or demolition charges, grenades except WP, rockets, and missiles. Pyrotechnics not in original shipping containers should be stored in pyrotechnic lockers or magazines. Ammunition Group BB - Detonators, blasting caps, initiating devices, Hazard Class 1.2 and 1.4 fuzes, and Compatibility Group S ammunition. Ammunition Group CC - Bombs and Compatibility Groups S ammunition. Ammunition Group DD - Demolition charges. Ammunition Group EE - Thermite ammunition. Ammunition Group FF - WP ammunition, HC smoke, and small arms ammunition. If unable to determine the proper Ammunition Group from these definitions, check the Storage Compatibility Group and Hazard Class assigned to the item and use this table SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STOWAGE REGULATIONS. Specific ammunition types may require special handling and stowage. Refer to the applicable technical documentation and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for instructions on handling and stowage requirements for specific ammunition and explosives systems. Compliance with these instructions is required. 3-24

73 READY-SERVICE STOWAGE. Ready-service stowage shall not be used for prolonged stowage or for extending the total weapon stowage capacity of the ship. When not required for ready-service, the ordnance shall be returned to a primary magazine TORPEDOES. The specific stowage regulations relating to lightweight torpedoes and to countermeasure anti-torpedoes (CAT) are provided below Lightweight Torpedoes. For maximum stowage safety, all lightweight torpedoes packaged in the Mk 792 Mod 0 Container and stowed adjacent to each other or stacked one on top of the other, must be oriented nose to tail. This nose to tail stowage position of torpedoes prevents sympathetic detonation of a second torpedo warhead in the event that one warhead is detonated by battle damage. An OTTO Fuel II spill kit shall be readily available in the immediate area of the torpedo magazine CAT. CAT, received aboard combatant ships (i.e., aircraft carriers), shall remain loaded in the appropriate launchers at all times. They are not authorized to be stowed in any magazine DEPLETED URANIUM. Depleted Uranium (DU) ammunition shall be handled and stowed afloat in accordance with the Navy Radioactive Material Permit (NRMP) Number L1NP GRENADES. Thermite (TH) grenades shall be stowed in specially fabricated jettisonable lockers insulated with a layer of sand which is a minimum of six inches deep on the bottom and three inches thick on each side as shown in NAVSHIPS Drawing If the lockers are hanging completely over the side of the ship, there is no requirement for the sand. TH grenades are prohibited aboard submarines PYROTECHNIC AMMUNITION. Pyrotechnic ammunition includes all devices containing materials designed to produce illumination, devices for marking or signaling, and incendiary affects or smoke screens. Pyrotechnic ammunition is adversely affected by excessively high or variable temperatures, and proper functioning is frequently affected by moisture. Some pyrotechnics become more sensitive and dangerous when exposed to moisture while others become more difficult to ignite and less operationally dependable. Detailed descriptions for specific pyrotechnic items are provided in NAVSEA SW050-AB-MMA-010/NAVAIR Refer to paragraph D-3.8 for the required pyrotechnic ammunition safety precautions placard to be posted on all authorized pyrotechnic stowage spaces or pyrotechnic lockers. Some pyrotechnic ordnance is armed and ignited by variations in the surrounding environment. Under no circumstances shall sealing features be loosened, removed, or tampered. The detailed descriptions and the methods of functioning of the various pyrotechnic items must be thoroughly understood by all personnel concerned with their use. Breakout of pyrotechnics shall be limited to that quantity required to meet operational commitments. All personnel shall stand clear when the breech of any pyrotechnic ejector is opened. If a pyrotechnic device cannot be launched from an ejector after making several attempts, the device shall be removed by qualified EOD personnel. In the absence of EOD personnel, removal may be accomplished by ordnance personnel qualified for the process. Emergency Air Breathing (EAB) or Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) shall be worn by personnel exposed to high concentrations of smoke generated by any pyrotechnic device. Deteriorated or damaged pyrotechnics shall be disposed of as soon as possible. Devices awaiting disposition shall be carefully segregated. 3-25

74 a. Aircraft Parachute Flares. The assembly of aircraft parachute flares into their dispensers must be conducted only on the weather decks (for aircraft carriers) and in space Q (aboard LHDs). However, flare assembly is prohibited in any ammunition stowage space. If a flare is prepared for launching, but is not launched, the safety pin or other restraining features must be restored to its original condition. If safing devices cannot be restored to their original condition, the flare shall be downloaded in the presence of Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel for disposal by authorized means in accordance with NAVAIR b. Pyrophoric Expendable Infrared Countermeasures (IRCM). The MJU-27, MJU-48, MJU-49, MJU-50, MJU-52 and MJU-64 Series Airborne Expendable Countermeasures (AECM) devices contain a pyrophoric metal payload that ignites spontaneously in the air following ejection from the aircraft. These devices are packaged in fire-retardant foam that will not ignite on exposure to the pyrophoric metal. Only one flare container for each workbench shall be opened at a time for assembly into countermeasure buckets or magazines. When handling pyrophoric flares, leather gloves and safety/face shields must be worn. Each device shall be inspected for damage including missing closure discs before any attempt is made to load it into a dispenser. Damaged devices shall not be loaded into dispensers. If the payload is visible at any time, it should be considered active and shall be disposed of in accordance with NAVAIR If a flare ignites accidentally, the primary hazard is the secondary fire that may be created. A pyrophoric metal reaction can be controlled by inhibiting airflow to the pyrophoric metal using water, foam or carbon dioxide. Detailed descriptions and procedures for specific AECM devices are provided in NAVAIR c. Water-Activated Pyrotechnic Ammunition. Water-activated pyrotechnic ammunition shall not be stowed in magazines or lockers having sprinkling systems except for sea water battery initiated pyrotechnics (including Mk 25 and Mk 58 Marine Location Markers) which may be stowed in sprinkled magazines or lockers only when their watertight seal has not been broken and they are returned to their original packaging. Once these items have been prepared for use, they cannot be positively safed. Under no circumstances shall these devices be stowed in sprinkled magazines and they shall not be stowed with non-water-activated devices. If an un-sprinkled pyrotechnic magazine is not available, returned marine location markers shall be stowed in a topside locker. For magazines used to stow water-activated devices that have been removed from their original shipping containers, the sprinkler system [and sprinkler alarm circuit (FH), if installed] shall be placed in lay-up in accordance with PMS procedures and no non-water-activated device(s) shall be stowed in the magazine. Water-activated pyrotechnics stowed in mounting brackets shall be protected from the weather and shall have their plastic protective cover installed at all times. Refer to paragraph D-3.8 for the applicable pyrotechnic ammunition safety placards. d. In Port Stowage Requirements. Upon arrival in port, all pyrotechnic items, except signals for boats and life rafts, shall be removed from racks, clips and other open locations, and shall be stowed in secured pyrotechnic lockers or magazines. e. Ready-Service Illumination Signals. Ready-service illumination signals and pistols shall be stowed in their shipping container or in an appropriate metal container in suitable mounting brackets. A ready-service locker may be used as an alternative to the mounting brackets. They shall be protected from weather including direct sunlight. 3-26

75 f. Pyrotechnic Signals for Submarines. Submarine pyrotechnic signals shall be stowed in primary, floodable lockers or immediate service (non-floodable) lockers which are located near the signal ejectors. Water-activated countermeasures devices shall be stowed in separate non-floodable lockers. g. Installed Pencil Flares and Signaling Devices in Flight Gear Vests. Flight gear containing pencil flares shall be stowed in a locker constructed in general accordance with Navy Standard Pyrotechnic Locker Drawing , except all panels will be 3/4" x 13 gauge flattened steel, i.e., expanded metal, (as shown in Note 12 in Pistol Locker regarding expanded metal doors) and the locker shall have at least a medium security lock and hasp. The dimensions of the locker shall be based upon the size (for vests hung on a hanger) and quantity of vests to be stowed. The locker shall be in an interior location that provides both ventilation for the vests and sprinkler coverage. The vests shall be stowed on a hanger in the locker with adequate space between individual vests for air circulation. No thermometer is required. For stowage of ordnance with a NEW of less than 5 pounds, the locker is not required to be in a sprinkled space as described in paragraph 5-5.4f DEMOLITION MATERIALS. All demolition materiels shall be stowed in their shipping containers or those containers approved for ready-service stowage. Demolition charge initiators shall not be stowed in locations subject to heavy shock or vibration, or in the same box, container or magazine with demolition charges Submarine Stowage. M6, M7 and Mk 11 Blasting Caps or firing devices of demolition charges shall be stowed using proper securing measures. Blasting caps may not be stowed in any magazine with demolition charges present, unless the blasting caps are packaged in the Mk 663 Container. Each container shall not contain more than 10 blasting caps with inner packaging described in NAVSEA SW060-AA-MMA-010. In this container configuration, the blasting caps automatically become HC/D 1.4S and may be stowed in accordance with table 3-3, including with demolition charges in the same magazine, when unable to stow them in separate magazines not containing demolition charges. Blasting caps may be stowed in missile tube magazines containing HC/D 1.4S items, in three-tumbler safes mounted adjacent to tube 1 second platform of the missile compartment, or in magazines as allowed in table 3-3. On SSN 688 Class submarines, M6, M7 and Mk 11 Blasting Caps may be stowed in the torpedo room, outside the torpedo room in three-tumbler safes, or in magazines as permitted by table 3-3. On SSGN-726 submarines, blasting caps may be stowed in missile tube magazines containing HC/D 1.4S items, in three-tumbler safes mounted adjacent to tube 1 second platform of the missile compartment, or in magazines allowed in table 3-3. On SSN-774 Class submarines, M6, M7 and Mk 11 Blasting Caps may be stowed in the small arms ammunition locker, in three-tumbler safes, or in magazines as permitted by table 3-3. The assembly of EOD, Sea Air and Land (SEAL), Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) or SOF mission specific explosives will be performed in accordance with the appropriate technical manual and only in designated or CO approved areas EOD Ready Response Kits. The nature of these kits requires immediate access by EOD personnel. Kits containing only Hazard Class/Division (HC/D) 1.4 ordnance items shall be stowed in a dedicated ready-service locker in proximity to EOD spaces, or, if unavailable and with TYCOM or deployed operational commander approval, in safes or acceptable locked cabinets within the EOD spaces. Initiating cartridges are to be kept separate from the non-electric detonators (shock tube) while stowed in the kits. The addition of the shock tube will also include all appropriate inert firing devices and connectors. Stowage of shock tubes will be limited to 1,000 feet per kit at any given time. When stowed 3-27

76 in workspaces, the kits shall be afforded the same safety and security requirements as they would have received if magazine stowed. Special attention is directed to separating the kits from ordinary combustibles, temperature measurement/control, placarding, accountability, and fire and damage control considerations CHEMICAL AMMUNITION. Chemical ammunition classified as lethal (Group A) or incapacitating (Group B) shall not be carried aboard ship unless specifically authorized by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) (N41). Smoke producing ammunition (Group B) is authorized aboard ships. Handling, stowage and use hazard requirements for WP (Group C) are provided in NAVSEA SW050-AB-MMA-010/NAVAIR Chemical ammunition shall normally be stowed in dry, well ventilated lockers, containers or spaces above deck which can be jettisoned in an emergency. Such stowage shall be located away from the ship s ventilation intakes or other openings. Separate stowage is mandatory if the quantity of any type of chemical ammunition is large. All specified temperature and humidity limits must be maintained. All containers shall be stowed so that their identification markings can be easily read. Handling, stowage and use hazard requirements for incendiary materiel (Group D) are provided in NAVSEA SW060-AA-MMA White Phosphorus (WP) Ammunition. WP ammunition shall be handled carefully to retain its airtight seal. Personnel involved in handling WP leakers shall be provided with goggles or face shields, heavy leather or rubber gloves, and rubber aprons. Gloves, aprons and shoes should be kept wetted down. A separate storage locker outside the designated WP stowage and assembly area is required to store the required emergency protective equipment. Likewise, a 5% bicarbonate (one cup sodium bicarbonate dissolved in a gallon of water) shall be made available where WP is handled, stowed or assembled. The bicarbonate solution may be used to neutralize skin exposed to WP in accordance with Navy Tactical Reference Publication (NTRP) (series). WP will spontaneously ignite if exposed to air. If combustion occurs in a confined space, the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the space may not be sufficient to support life. Further, high concentration of the vapors from burning WP is irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, lungs and skin. WP vapors and fires can be best controlled by complete immersion of the leaking item of WP in a tank of water which shall be kept available in the handling and stowage area. Vapors and fires can also be controlled by the application of firefighting nozzle fog pattern. Immersion tanks are also required in areas designated for WP assembly. WP will re-ignite when it has dried. Exposed WP shall be kept wet until all traces are washed or scraped overboard. WP ammunition should be stowed separately. WP ammunition must be stowed where temperatures can be maintained below 100º F since WP melts at 110º F. If the space is equipped with a ventilating system, the system shall not be used except as required to maintain the ambient temperature in the stowage space below 100º F. WP projectiles and rocket warheads shall be stowed base down to prevent them from becoming unbalanced should the WP filler melt and subsequently resolidify. Under no circumstances shall WP loaded projectiles be fuzed or defuzed aboard ship since WP ignites spontaneously when exposed to air Incendiary Ammunition (Group D). This group consists of flammable and incendiary materials for which conventional firefighting methods usually are not effective. Their fumes and combustion products are, in most instances, highly toxic when inhaled or in contact with the skin. Incendiary ammunition, if ignited, reacts with water, oxygen-containing compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons. Fumes and combustion products should be avoided. Dry sand, which may be used ashore to control an incendiary fire, is not prctical for firefighting aboard ship. If incendiary ammunition is ignited, jettison the container or locker. If the incendiary ammunition cannot be jettisoned, an incendiary 3-28

77 fire should be left undisturbed until the fire is out. Fire spread to nearby combustibles may be controlled with quantities of water, if necessary. Incendiary ammunition requires separate stowage in special above deck lockers in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing or in containers which can be jettisoned, and as described below: (1) On all ships, incendiary ammunition shall be stowed in specially fabricated jettisonable lockers insulated with a layer of sand which is a minimum of 6 inches deep on the bottom and 3 inches thick on each side. If the lockers are hanging completely over the side of the ship, there is no requirement for the sand. (2) Ammunition containing TEA or TPA is to be considered extremely hazardous and shall not be stowed in magazines or ammunition holds when carried aboard ship. This ammunition requires separate stowage in non-sprinkled spaces or areas in a locker which can be jettisoned in an emergency ROCKETS. Rockets are a safety hazard on Navy ships if exposed to a fuel fire, aircraft crash or an explosion. Detonation of the warhead or rocket motor may occur, and if ignited, the rocket motor may become propulsive and increase the possibility of damage. For this reason, rockets shall be assembled in a separate sprinkled area, with a RADHAZ-free environment, and not adjoining a magazine stowage area. This area shall be manned at all times while ammunition and explosives are present. According to NAVAIR 00-80R-14, thermally protected rocket launchers (LAU-61 or LAU-68 series) loaded with Mk 66 Rocket Motors with Radio Frequency (RF)/thermal barriers and fairings installed, will cook-off with 2-1/2 minutes with an explosion/detonation reaction. The hazard to firefighters is considered major after only 2 minutes. Only the Mk 66 Mod 4 (preferred) or Mk 66 Mod 2 Rocket Motors are authorized for shipboard employment. Immediately following assembly, rockets will be loaded into thermally protected rocket launchers (LAU 61 or LAU-68 series). Rocket motors are susceptible to shock. A cracked grain creates additional burning surfaces that can elevate the internal pressure of the steel skin of the motor beyond design limits leading to an explosion following an aircraft launch. Refer to NAVAIR 11-75A-92 for specific drop criteria for rocket motors. Safety devices shall not be removed nor shall they be altered. Rocket assembly shall be accomplished in rocket assembly areas that shall be separate from the magazine as on LHA and LHD class ships. On aircraft carriers, the assembly area is normally on the mess decks HYPERGOLIC AND FUEL AIR EXPLOSIVES (FAE) MIXTURES. Unless specifically approved by OPNAV, hypergolic and FAE mixtures are prohibited aboard U.S. Navy ships. Refer to NAVSEA S9000-AB-GTP-010 for specific hypergolic mixture safety requirements and special handling procedures GUIDED MISSILES. Guided missiles are stowed as AURs in designated magazines in their shipping containers or loaded in missile launchers or launching systems such as Vertical Launching Systems (VLS). When missiles are loaded in launchers or launching systems, they are not accessible to shipboard personnel. These loaded launchers and systems are subject to their unique monitoring and safety requirements, rather than to the requirements of a conventional magazine or locker. Temperature and humidity requirements specified in the missile technical manual must be followed. Air-launched missiles may be stowed on authorized OHE/AWSE in a ready-service configuration. 3-29

78 BOMB-TYPE AMMUNITION. Bomb-type ammunition includes aircraft bombs, guided weapons, warheads, underwater mines, QUICKSTRIKE and their fuzes. Fuzing of bomb-type ammunition should be performed in designated bomb assembly areas in accordance with the weapon s technical manual and aircraft weapons/stores loading manuals. Any fuzes removed from their shipping container in an armed condition or cracked, dented, deformed or corroded shall not be used. Fuzes that have been set to ARM shall be reset to the SAFE position before stowing. Any fuze that has been dropped beyond the distance specified in the appropriate technical manual shall not be used. Fuzes shall not be tested, disassembled, repaired, or modified aboard ship. Fuzes which are susceptible to RF radiation causing detonation or dudding shall be installed in a RF free location. Bombs, fuzes, boosters and inert components may be stowed in bomb assembly magazines during prolonged assembly operations and installed in bombs awaiting strikeup or disassembly. Bomb assembly shall be conducted in accordance with the governing NAVAIR Weapon Assembly Manual (WAM). When bomb assembly is no longer required, fuzes and boosters shall be re-stowed in their respective shipping containers and returned to compatible stowage. Inert components may be stowed in the bomb assembly magazine at the discretion of the ship s Weapons Officer GUN AMMUNITION. Gun ammunition covers large caliber projectiles, fixed ammunition and mortars. Detailed descriptions for specific gun ammunition items are provided in NAVSEA SW030- AA-MMO-010, NAVSEA SW010-AD-GTP-010 and NAVAIR (for aviation 20mm and 25mm gun ammunition). Projectiles include both separate loading and fixed ammunition projectiles, which can be base fuzed, nose fuzed or both GUN PROPELLANT CHARGES. Gun propellant charges include separated ammunition charges and saluting charges. Care shall be taken to avoid denting the thin-walled body of the cartridge tank, opening the body seams, or loosening the top or bottom crimp, thereby permitting exposure of the charge (powder) to the atmosphere. Care must be taken to protect the primer from accidental impact with projections or objects that might fire the primer and cause the charge to ignite. Before being used, all saluting cartridges shall be inspected to ensure the primers and plugs or wads are properly seated. It is imperative that the cartridge tank lids remain securely in place to retain an airtight seal. The detection of any unusual odor shall be investigated immediately. On completion of a stowage evolution, the top of each propelling charge tank shall be inspected to ensure that it has not become loose during handling. Loose tank lids may be tightened in the magazine using a spark-resistant wrench. Lock wires on tank lids shall be used and replaced as necessary. Tanks containing propellant charges shall be stowed so that covers may be removed and the charges made accessible without disturbing other tanks. Where limited space in a ship s magazine makes it necessary, tanks containing propelling charges issued for gunnery exercises may be temporarily stowed in such a way to require moving a minimum number of these tanks to gain access and remove the covers of all tanks SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. Small arms ammunition is for rifles, automatic rifles, carbines, pistols, shotguns and machine guns up to.50 caliber. Small arms ammunition shall be carefully protected from moisture, heat, dirt, and against blows or shock that might dent or fire the primer. Small arms ammunition shall not be placed haphazardly in a container allowing the projectile of one round to contact the primer of another. Cartridge cases shall not be polished, but corrosion, moisture, and dirt should be wiped off. The use of grease or oil on cartridges is prohibited. The ammunition shall be protected from any shock that might dent or fire the primer. Only small arms ammunition, as defined in appendix A, shall be stowed in small arms ammunition magazines, except that ammunition described in 3-30

79 paragraph Small arms ammunition shall normally be stowed in sealed containers. Minimum quantities required for watch standers may be stowed in a locker or safe in the ship s armory, squadron or security office. When limited quantities are required to be stowed, containers which have been opened shall be resealed to prevent theft. Stowage is permissible in either bandoleers or manufacturer provided cardboard boxes CARTRIDGE AND PROPELLANT ACTUATED DEVICES. Cartridge Actuated Devices (CADs) are small, self-contained energy sources that are used to do mechanical work. Propellant Actuated Devices (PADs) include such devices as catapults, rocket catapults, and rocket motors which are used in aircrew escape propulsion system (AEPS). Complete instructions governing the safe handling and use of CADs and PADs are provided in NAVAIR SHAPED CHARGED WARHEADS. To optimize ship survivability and reduce the potential for crew casualties, when stowing weapons equipped with shaped charged warheads within magazines, it is recommended that these weapons are oriented such that the warhead is pointed outboard and away from other weapons, other magazines or ready service lockers, other vital spaces, or any manned or living spaces LITHIUM BOILERS. To reduce the chance of boiler penetration and a lithium fire, weapons with lithium boilers shall be stowed in their Navy approved containers in authorized shipboard locations LITHIUM BATTERIES AND ORDNANCE STOWAGE. Although lithium batteries are not classified as HC/D 1.1 to 1.4 explosives, they are energetic and potentially hazardous materials. All lithium batteries and battery-powered systems must be granted lithium battery safety certification in accordance with NAVSEAINST (series). Additional guidance concerning lithium battery safety can be found at the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) Lithium Battery Safety Program web page. All lithium batteries and lithium battery-powered equipment shall be stowed in compliance with the specific requirements stipulated in appropriate equipment documents or in accordance with platform regulations. When such documentation is not available, the general stowage requirements listed in NAVSEA S9310-AQ-SAF-010 shall be used. Other than those installed in weapons systems, lithium batteries shall not be stowed in magazines with ammunition. Shipboard firefighting guidance for lithium batteries and lithium battery-powered equipment is provided in Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) S9086-S3-STM-010/CH-555 (for surface ships), NAVAIR 00-80R-14 (for aircraft), or NSTM S9086-S3-STM-020 (for submarines) INERT ORDNANCE. Inert ordnance includes inert ammunition, components, drill ammunition, dummy, and similar non-explosive items. This ammunition as well as its containers shall be carefully marked so that it cannot be confused with service ammunition. They shall receive the same care and attention during handling as is given to live ammunition. Inert ordnance and components can be stowed in magazines with service ammunition, but the items shall be segregated to the maximum extent possible. In addition, this ordnance shall be color coded in accordance with NAVSEA SW010-AF-ORD-010 to ensure ready identification of this ordnance from live ammunition. 3-31/(3-32 Blank)

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81 CHAPTER 4 ELECTRICAL SAFETY 4-1. GENERAL. This chapter describes the explosives safety regulations and precautions for the use of electrical equipment and grounding requirements associated with the handling, testing, maintenance, reprogramming, or assembly and disassembly of ammunition and explosives ELECTRICALLY POWERED EQUIPMENT. All electrically powered tools and equipment must be included in the ship s electrical safety program. Electrical and test equipment is prohibited for storage in any magazine containing Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (AA&E). When test equipment is used, only equipment on the ship s electrical equipment list shall enter the magazine, and the electrical equipment and cases not required for the operation shall remain outside the magazine. Electrically powered tools and equipment are prohibited for use on ammunition or explosives and cause a hazard unless they are: a. Specified by a weapon technical manual and used in accordance with the technical manual, or b. Specifically approved in this publication, or c. Specifically approved for use by Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO). Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) hazards stem from the functional characteristics of electrically initiated devices (EIDs) commonly used in ordnance systems. EMR hazards are the result of absorption of electromagnetic energy by the firing circuitry of EIDs. EIDs can accidentally or unintentionally initiate when exposed to radio frequency (RF) environments resulting in a safety or reliability consequence/ situation. In general, ordnance is most susceptible to RF environments during assembly, disassembly, handling, loading, and unloading. This manual prescribes both general and specific HERO requirements, operating procedures and precautions for the safe handling, transporting and storing of ordnance items and systems containing EIDs in order to prevent their premature initiation when the possibility of exposure to EMR exists. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2 classifies and delineates all electrically initiated ordnance items and systems that have been evaluated for HERO. Such ordnance is classified as HERO SAFE, HERO SUSCEPTIBLE or HERO UNSAFE/UNRELIABLE. It further establishes the safe separation distance between HERO SUSCEPTIBLE and HERO UNSAFE/ UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE, and various types of RF emitters, provides the means to calculate the RF environment, understand and apply the operational HERO requirements and develop the HERO Emission Control (EMCON) bill. The HERO EMCON bill is set of directions for implementing HERO restrictions on ships and shore stations. Its purpose is to prescribe, through advanced planning, the easiest most efficient method of managing the conflict between the electromagnetic environment (EME) created by 4-1

82 high-power transmitting equipment and HERO classified ordnance. Additionally, NAVSEA OP 3565/ NAVAIR Volume 2 provides the procedures for requesting a HERO survey. To minimize the risks associated with HERO, the requirements of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2 must be strictly adhered to. An EMCON Bill must be developed for each ship. Any ordnance that is damaged or not in its approved packaging should only be handled when the highest EMCON Level required for that device is set in accordance with NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. Ammunition and explosives operations on flight decks, exposed weather decks and other locations directly exposed to the weather shall be halted when electrical storms are within a 5 nautical mile radius of the ship. All ammunition with EIDs must be immediately struck below deck or to magazine stowage. Refer to NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2 and NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 to determine whether an ammunition item contains EIDs. Commanding Officers (COs)/Masters should make every effort to steer clear of electrical storms when EID-equipped ammunition is exposed to avoid terminating operations. Under combat conditions when steering out of the storm s path is not possible, the Operational Commander may authorize continued handling of EID-equipped ammunition as a matter of operational necessity. It should be understood that when an electrical storm is within 5 nautical miles, it is considered directly overhead. Research and technical data indicates that the imminent strike zone for successive lightning flashes is expected to be 3.5 to 5.25 nautical miles from the previous strike. This strike zone information should be factored into the ship s Operational Risk Management (ORM). When an electrical storm comes within 8.5 nautical miles, ORM should be used to determine the impact on ammunition and explosives operations IGNITER CIRCUIT TESTING. Electrical checks of igniters shall not be conducted aboard ship unless the test equipment has been certified and its use aboard ship authorized by NOSSA GROUNDING. An adequate ground is one that provides a continuous conductive electrical path from a person, metal structure of an aircraft or other vehicle, or the metal case or frame of a weapon to the metal structure of the ship. It is possible to obtain adequate static grounding without the necessity for bare skin-to-metal or bare metal-to-metal contact throughout the path. In all cases, the adequacy of grounding paths must be verified by continuity and resistance checks, and approved by the Engineering Officer or Engineering Electrical Officer before being placed into use. Grounding paths are established to ensure the item or person to be grounded is provided with an acceptable connection to ground. Grounding paths usually consist of ground points and ground cables. All weapon and platform Program Executive Offices (PEOs)/Program Managers (PMs) and In-Service Engineering Agents (ISEAs) shall be responsible for addressing grounding considerations during all stages of the life cycle. Grounding requirements shall be included in all weapon technical manuals. Contact NOSSA for additional shipboard ground design requirements GROUND POINT. A ground point separate from other electrical grounds shall be used for ordnance. General guidance on the establishment of additional ground points is provided in paragraph Establishment of additional ground points requires Type Commander (TYCOM) approval to maintain configuration control. Refer to the appropriate Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRCs) for the established ground point testing cycles Visual Inspection Requirements. Ground points shall be inspected at least every six months. Corrosion shall be removed. Damage to the bolt or stud, that may render the ground point 4-2

83 unusable, shall be repaired and retested. Breakage or damage of ground cables connected to a ground point shall be repaired Electrical Test Requirements. The resistance between the ground point and the ship s structural member must be less than 1 ohm. The resistance test must test through the physical connection at the ground point. Ground point tests shall be conducted every 12 months WEATHER/FLIGHT DECK GROUND POINT. Padeyes may be used as ground points. Given the current construction methods of Naval vessels, the padeyes are known to provide a discernible electrical connection to the ship s hull. Care must be given when attaching the ground cable to the padeye to ensure the positive metal-to-metal connection is made to ensure the integrity of the ground path. When available, dedicated ordnance ground points shall be used to ground the aircraft during ordnance operations. Dedicated ordnance grounds shall meet the inspection requirements of paragraph and the testing requirements of paragraph Visual Inspection Requirements. Padeyes that are used for grounding shall be inspected at least every six months. Any corrosion or debris shall be removed. Any physical damage that renders the padeye unusable shall be repaired Electrical Test Requirements. Electrical testing is not required for padeyes on weather/flight decks GROUND CABLES. Ground cables are used to connect ordnance to the grounding system to prevent electrostatic spark discharge. Ground cables include all cables with a reusable clipping or clamping device on one or both ends including cables inside containers and shipping fixtures. Grounding cables shall not be confused with bonding conductors that have a permanent connection (i.e., bolted or welded) at both ends Requirements. The following requirements apply to ground cables: a. All ground cables shall have an electrical test before being placed into service, after any cable/ connector rework, and whenever indicated by a visual inspection. b. All ground cables (other than reel type) shall have one ohm or less clip-to-clip or clip-to structure resistance. c. Reel type grounding cables must have a clip-to-structure resistance of 25 ohms or less. d. All grounding cables shall be visually inspected before use each day Visual Inspection Requirements. a. Inspect the cable, clips, and permanent connections for signs of breakage, excessive wear, frayed conductors, loose or corroded connections, worn or broken clip springs, worn or broken reel assemblies, etc. Connections shall not be taped over. 4-3

84 b. Reel type cables shall be unwound for a proper visual inspection. Reel type cables need only be unwound as much as or further than they are unwound during operational use. c. Tug on the cable to ensure that it is securely attached to its clips and to the permanent connection (if applicable). d. Cables with opaque insulation shall be felt for any kinks, sharp bends, or crushing that may indicate damage. e. Electrical testing is required if paint on the permanently connected end is present. f. After any rework/repair to the ground cable, an electrical test must be completed Electrical Test Specification. The ground cable electrical test consists of an electrical resistance measurement from clip-to-clip or from clip-to-structure. When testing cables with permanent connections at one end, care shall be taken to test from the clip to the structure (through the permanent connection) to verify the integrity of the permanent connection. Paint on the permanently connected end is acceptable as long as electrical testing proves the paint is not inhibiting the electrical connection PERSONNEL GROUNDING. When required by the weapons technical manual, personnel may be grounded by several methods, both direct and indirect, as follows: a. Momentary Touch Ground. Personnel shall contact a metal structural member of the ship with their bare skin for one second. If the metal member is painted, the contact should be maintained longer (approximately five seconds) to ensure they have sufficiently reached ground potential. In addition, it must be understood that this method is only good for momentary grounding of personnel. Once personnel break contact, they are no longer grounded and can begin to accumulate charge. This method may also be used to equalize the potential between personnel and a weapons system or ordnance item. b. Intentional Ground Device. Personnel may use a device that is static dissipative (i.e., wrist strap) intended to provide a positive, known, and constant connection with ground. Typically these devices attach one end to known ground point and the other end to the bare skin of the person. c. Conductive Medium. Workspaces are equipped with a conductive (usually resistive) deck or surface that is connected to a ground. Therefore, personnel are required to wear conductive clothing (e.g., shoes) to complete the ground path PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES. In the event that no weapons technical manual exists and there is no guidance provided from the weapons PEO/PM or ISEA, as a minimum, the following electrical safety precautionary procedures shall be followed: a. All personnel entering a weapon checkout and servicing area shall ground themselves by bare skin-to-metal (ship s structure) contact. b. All personnel should be grounded immediately prior to contacting any electrical connector, wire, or plug connected to the weapon. Personnel should ground themselves by making momentary bare 4-4

85 skin-to-metal contact with a grounded object or the metallic portion of the outer skin of the weapon section immediately prior to touching electrical connectors of the weapon. c. Under low humidity (less than 40% relative humidity) climatic conditions, such as during operations in the extreme cold weather, there is a greater possibility that static charges can accumulate during operations at sea. Under such conditions, it is especially important that all precautionary measures contained herein are followed GROUNDING DURING WEAPONS TEST, MAINTENANCE, ASSEMBLY, AND DISASSEMBLY. When required by the weapons technical manual, weapons may be grounded during tests, maintenance, assembly or disassembly using one of the following methods: a. Direct Intentional Grounding. Attaching one end of a ground cable to a ground point, defined in paragraph 4-6.1, and the other end to an acceptable ground point on the weapon. This method will provide a low impedance connection to ground, facilitating a rapid equalization process. All weapon PEOs/PMs and ISEAs shall define acceptable ground points for the weapon in the weapon technical manuals. b. Unintentional Process Integrated Grounding. Support fixtures and equipment may provide a suitable connection to ground. Support fixtures and equipment may include, but are not limited to, tables, racks, stands, hoists, and dollies. Weapons PEO/PM and ISEAs shall ensure that such fixtures and equipment meet the requirements for grounding. In addition, PEO/PM and ISEAs shall ensure that any changes to the fixtures and equipment continue to fulfill the ground connection. This method is not recommended for highly susceptible weapons PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES. In the event that no weapons technical manual exists and there is no guidance provided from the weapons PEO/PM or ISEA, as a minimum, the following electrical safety precautionary procedures shall be followed: a. During all phases of assembly and disassembly, each individual section of a weapon must be continuously grounded. b. Personnel must ground themselves momentarily before handling. c. Metallic containers shall be grounded prior to removal of the contents. d. Empty metallic containers shall be grounded before an item is placed in them. e. Portable assembly tables may be grounded by connecting a ground cable from the table to an identified ground point as described in paragraph 4-6. f. Should it be impossible to ground the weapon or weapon components then the following alternate procedures shall be used: (1) During assembly and/or immediately prior to mating, the separate sections shall be brought to the same electrostatic potential by touching the ends of a grounding wire from the metallic 4-5

86 portion of the skin of one section to the metallic portion of the skin of the other, or personnel may simultaneously touch the metallic portion of the skin of both sections with bare hands, taking care in either case not to touch any of the weapon s electrical connector pins. (2) Immediately prior to disassembly, the weapon shall be momentarily grounded or a ground shall be maintained on the main body of the weapon while the sections are removed, whichever is more practical GROUNDING DURING AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS. Rotary and fixed wing aircraft can develop significant static electrical charges from several sources. Static charges may develop from wind over the deck on aircraft surfaces and from aircraft rotating parts such as propellers, rotors, and turbines. Static charges are developed during flight and may remain after landing. Also, RF energy aboard ship and from the aircraft may result in an unacceptable level of electromagnetic energy being coupled onto the aircraft. When required by the weapons technical manuals or the platforms technical publications, aircraft may be grounded by attaching one end of a ground cable to a ground point, defined in paragraph 4-6, and the other end to an acceptable ground point on the aircraft. The distance between the ground connection at the aircraft shall be the minimum possible and shall be moved as necessary during aircraft uploading or downloading. This method will provide a low impedance connection to ground, facilitating a rapid equalization process PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES. In the event that no weapons technical manual exists and there is no guidance provided from the weapons PEO/PM or ISEA, as a minimum, the following electrical safety precautionary procedures shall be followed: a. Prior to conducting any aircraft ordnance operation, the aircraft shall be grounded to the ship using an aircraft ground cable. b. When connecting ground cables, care must be given to break through any paint or corrosion at the ship ground point. c. Aircraft tie-down chains are not adequate ground paths AIRCRAFT ORDNANCE OPERATIONS. Given the complexity of these operations, weapons PEO/PM and ISEAs shall coordinate all grounding requirements with the aircraft PEO/PM and ISEAs. Grounding procedures addressed in the weapons technical manual(s) shall be followed PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES. In the event that no weapons technical manual exists and there is no guidance provided from the weapons PEO/PM or ISEA, as a minimum, the following electrical safety precautionary procedures shall be followed: a. The ordnance and personnel must be brought to the same electrical potential as the aircraft; therefore, personnel must make bare skin-to-metal contact simultaneously at the ordnance and the aircraft. b. Aircraft and ordnance electrical connectors, dust caps and shorting plugs shall not be removed until the ordnance is loaded onto a launching adapter or bomb rack. 4-6

87 c. Open connectors shall not be exposed any longer than necessary. d. Personnel shall not touch electrical contacts. e. Personnel must be at the same potential as the weapon prior to replacing shorting plugs, replacing dust covers over contacts, or unloading/removal of the weapon. f. Electrical cables on aircraft or ordnance shall not be allowed to dangle during uploading or downloading operations GROUNDING DURING STOWAGE. Unless stated otherwise in the weapon technical manual(s), grounding of ordnance items in their approved shipping configuration is not required during stowage NAVAL AIRCREW COMMON EJECTION SEAT (NACES) OPERATIONAL GROUNDING. Aboard all aircraft carriers, a grounding point shall be determined for all aviation Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seats (NACES). The grounding point must not be used if visual inspections reveal paint or significant corrosion on the grounding point. Grounding points must be electrically tested at least annually for electrical continuity with the ship s hull. Refer to paragraph for establishing and testing a ground point WEAPON TEST AND REPROGRAMMING. Built-In-Test (BIT)/Reprogramming is accomplished in designated and properly equipped areas. BIT/Reprogramming operations of Group One Weapons [Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW), Dual Mode Laser Guided Bomb (DMLGB), Standoff Land Attack Missile - Extended Range (SLAM-ER), AIM-9X SIDEWINDER and Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM)], and AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) shall use AN-GYQ-79A Common Munitions Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE). The Quality Assurance/Safety Observer (QA/SO) shall verify that the Commander Naval Air Forces (COMNAVAIRFOR) or Commander Naval Surface Forces (COMNAVSURFOR) approved standard operating procedures (SOP s) are being used and shall verify that only AN-GYQ-79A CMBRE equipment, approved by NOSSA and the TYCOM, is used an has been included on the ship s electrical equipment list. The BIT/Reprogramming areas require a ground point, established in accordance with paragraph 5-4.6, special regulated electrical power, and sprinkler protection. The BIT/Reprogramming areas are designated and approved by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM), and are authorized as follows: a. CVN-68 through CVN-77: Second deck handling and transfer areas. b. CVN-78: 02 level forward and aft handling complexes. c. LHA and LHD: Magazine spaces with authorized CMBRE power connections. d. For GBU-31/32/38 JDAM tail assemblies only, BIT/Reprogramming may also be conducted aboard CVNs in fourth deck universal weapons magazines as authorized in sub-steps (1) through (3) below. All power conditioner units shall have "MOD" designations of "M99116A". A minimum separation distance of 3.28 feet (1 meter) is required between the power conditioning unit and all 4-7

88 ordnance or ignitable material during BIT/Reprogramming operations. CVN fourth deck universal weapons magazines may contain hazard class 1.3 or 1.4 ammunition. Simultaneous handling and/or break-out operations involving hazard class 1.3 or 1.4 ammunition is prohibited while performing JDAM tail assembly AN-GYQ-79A CMBRE BIT/Reprogramming in a shipboard magazine. (1) CVN-68, CVN-69, and CVN-70: Second deck handling and transfer areas, and/or the following fourth deck universal stowage magazines: (a) M (b) M (c) M (d) M (2) CVN-71 through CVN-77: Second deck handling and transfer areas, and/or the following fourth deck universal stowage magazines: (a) M (b) M (c) M (d) M (e) M (f) M (3) CVN 78: 02 Level forward and aft handling and transfer areas, and the following fourth deck universal stowage magazines: (a) M (b) M (c) M (d) M (e) M 4-8

89 CHAPTER 5 SHIP DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS 5-1. INTRODUCTION. This chapter provides ship design performance requirements and standards to ensure the safety of ammunition and explosives assembly, stowage, handling, security, monitoring, and protection from fire. This chapter is applicable to all ships owned, chartered or operated by the Department of the Navy (DON). It is also applicable to other vessels, which carry Naval ammunition and explosives, including Military Sealift Command (MSC) vessels. These requirements apply to new construction, redesign, repeat/modified design, conversion, and in-service ships and submarines HUMAN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION. Human Systems Integration (HSI) must be considered when designing any shipboard system. Its purpose is to present human engineering design criteria, principles, and practices to achieve mission success through integration of the human into the system, subsystem, equipment, and facility, and to achieve effectiveness, simplicity, efficiency, reliability, and safety of system operation, training and maintenance. Refer to MIL-STD-1472 (series) or American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F1166 (series) for HSI design criteria RISK MANAGEMENT DURING ACQUISITION. The ship design requirements and standards documented herein are intended to minimize the risks associated with ammunition and explosives used and transported aboard Naval ships and are mandatory. When the requirements of this manual cannot be met, the risk must be formally accepted as part of the risk assessment process. Accordingly, residual risks which cannot satisfactorily be eliminated or reduced must be managed and accepted. Acceptance of managed explosives safety risks, consistent with Department of Defense Instruction (DODINST) (series) and MIL-STD-882 (series), is made in accordance with Naval Systems Command (SYSCOM) Risk Management Policy. The seriousness of the risk is determined by the hazard probability and severity, as defined in MIL-STD-882 (series). This risk assessment shall be validated by the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) and the appropriate Technical Warrant holders within the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM). Program managers for in-service ships shall review the requirements of this manual and where current designs do not comply with the requirements herein, execute a risk assessment in accordance with MIL-STD-882 (series) and comply with those requirements for mitigating explosives safety risks. For ships not in the acquisition process, the waiver and exemption process described in paragraph 1-4 may be used EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES DURING ACQUISITION. New ship and weapon system acquisition programs may seek to reduce costs and enhance performance by considering emerging technologies and innovative processes which present an acceptable level of safety, but are not recognized by the existing safety requirements of this document. When an emerging technology is proposed, the Program will contact the appropriate Navy Technical Authority for review of the technology and obtain their concurrence, approval or certification. Once approved, the changes will be made to this manual to permit the use of acceptable emergent technologies and innovative processes, thus eliminating the need for explicit risk acceptance, waivers and exemptions described in paragraph

90 5-4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, STANDARDS AND CONFIGURATIONS. The following general requirements, standards and configurations shall apply regarding the design and qualifications supporting the types of shipboard handling equipment, related electrical safety, and fire prevention systems. A Consolidated Operability Test (COT), in accordance with OPNAVINST (series), shall be conducted to demonstrate satisfactory installation and safe operation of all weapons handling and support facilities on new construction ships. A Ship Installation Assurance Test (SIAT), in accordance with OPNAVINST (series), shall be conducted following the completion of a Ship Change Document (SCD). A Technical Interchange Review (TIR), in accordance with NOSSAINST (series), shall be conducted during the ship design process to ensure that explosives safety is considered in the design. An Explosive Safety Design Validation (ESDV), in accordance with NOSSAINST (series), shall be conducted prior to initial ammunition onload to ensure that the as built design meets the explosives safety requirements for ammunition and explosives and the physical security requirements for Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (AA&E) APPROVED HANDLING EQUIPMENT. Only NAVSEASYSCOM, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIRSYSCOM), Director, Strategic Systems Program (DIRSSP), or Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (IHEODTD) Detachment Picatinny, Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center shall approve handling equipment used for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. These commands shall maintain an official record of handling equipment qualified and approved for its intended use. This record must contain, as a minimum: a. A description of the item with the assigned safe working load (SWL). b. A complete drawing package. c. A qualifying test or analysis report. d. A configuration control plan, containing associated maintenance plans, operating instructions, weight testing arrangements and other deliverable documentation required to support the handling equipment at the user level ORDNANCE HANDLING SYSTEMS. Shipboard handling systems shall be provided for the efficient horizontal and vertical movement of ordnance. There are many different possible designs for these systems. However, all of these systems have common requirements to ensure the handling of ordnance is performed as safely as possible. Shipboard-installed handling systems designated to handle ordnance shall be certified by the NAVSEASYSCOM warranted technical authority for shipboard weapon handling systems. This applies both to the equipment used to move the ordnance and the path where the ordnance is moved. Emergency Ordnance Handling (EOH) capability shall be provided when magazines are not serviced by redundant elevator systems. Magazines serviced by a single vertical lift represent a single point failure and jeopardize war-fighting capability and operational safety. The EOH shall be capable of serving all decks served by the elevator Operating Conditions for Ship-Installed Ordnance Handling Systems. Ship-installed ordnance handling systems and equipment shall be capable of operating satisfactorily and safely up to limits as required for the armament systems they serve. 5-2

91 Shipboard-Installed Handling Equipment Design Load Requirements. Shipboard installed handling equipment shall be capable of satisfactory operation while carrying the rated load for the specified duty cycle, under environmental and specified operating conditions for the ship. The following requirements apply: a. Handling equipment shall be capable of holding the rated load and maintaining its static position under equipment specified holding conditions. b. Under the equipment operating conditions, the combined stresses, acting both individually and concurrently, in load bearing structural and mechanical components of the equipment, shall not exceed 35 percent of the yield strength of the material used, calculated on the basis of the operating design load. c. Under the equipment holding conditions, the combined stresses, acting both individually and concurrently, in load bearing structural and mechanical components of the equipment, shall not exceed 70 percent of the yield strength of the material used, calculated on the basis of operating design load. d. Powered handling equipment shall be designed so that under extreme loading conditions (e.g., impact, load test, drive motor stall torque, or limits of load limiting devices), the combined stresses shall not exceed 70 percent of the minimum yield strength of the material used in the load bearing structural and mechanical components. e. In handling equipment using load bearing wire rope or load chain, stresses shall not exceed 20 percent of the breaking strength of the load bearing wire rope, or 20 percent of the breaking load of the load chain. f. Handling equipment shall be designed for fail safe operation, as defined in appendix A Handling System Design Features. For new shipboard-installed handling system designs, a Fault Tree Analysis or other recognized method of determining hazards to personnel or the ordnance load while being handled by the system shall be performed to ensure all necessary features are incorporated to protect personnel from injury and the ordnance from damage. The following requirements have been established for maintaining positive control of the handling system and ordnance being carried and protecting the handling system and ordnance from impacting the ship's structure. a. Handling Routes. Designated handling routes shall permit unobstructed movement of the ordnance. b. Fall Protection. Portable or automatic guard devices shall be provided around deck openings (elevator trunks and hatchways) for personnel, materials handling equipment (MHE) and ordnance handling equipment (OHE). c. Hatch Markings. Refer to paragraph D-4.5 for specific hatch markings. d. Fail-Safe Devices. The handling system shall be provided with interlocks, safety devices, and protective devices so that it will be fail-safe. 5-3

92 e. Alternate Movement. A means shall be provided to safely raise or lower the ordnance load following a control system or power failure. f. Controls. Controls shall be provided for the safe operation of the handling system. These controls shall be clearly marked to show their functions. g. Emergency Stop Switches. Powered-handling equipment, and track and portable hoists shall be equipped with emergency stop switches, which remove power from the control system and set the brake. Emergency stop switches for elevators shall be in accordance with requirements set forth in Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) S9086-ZN-STM-010/CH-772. h. Positive Traversing and Braking. Positive traversing and braking features (e.g., rack and pinion, sprocket and chain, or hydraulic cylinders) shall be provided for powered traversing handling equipment. i. Mechanical Braking. Horizontal and vertical handling equipment shall incorporate a mechanical brake, installed in the drive train, which automatically engages when the drive train power actuating control is in the off position. Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders shall use holding valves to maintain position. j. Mechanical Stops. Positive mechanical stops shall be provided at the extreme limits of the handling range of travel except as described in this paragraph. Mechanical stops shall be cushioned to prevent damage to the ordnance if impacted at the maximum operating speed. Where positive stops are not practical or the ordnance could be damaged if the handling device contacts the positive stop, a limit device shall be provided that stops movement of the drive before the maximum travel limit is reached. Where positive stops are not practical and a limit device malfunction would cause a catastrophic failure to the handling device or damage to the ordnance, a secondary limit device shall be provided. k. Power Down. Lifting or hoisting devices shall use the power source to raise and lower the load. Slipping the brake to lower the load or the use of slip clutches are prohibited as the primary means of motion. l. Limit Devices. Handling equipment, which has rotation or topping capability, such as cranes, shall have limit devices to prevent the equipment from contacting any ship structure. m. Vertical Handling Equipment. Vertical handling devices transporting loads between decks shall be constrained to prevent damage to the device or load resulting from horizontal movement. Tag or guidelines can be provided to meet this requirement for emergency handling, handling dockside, and at explosives anchorage. Horizontal restraint is not required in normal workshop operation, lateral handling movements, and over-the-side transfers. Vertical handling operations using guide rails shall have a mechanical safety device to stop the platform in case of slack or failure of wire rope, chain or other lifting materials. n. Collision Damage. Where two pieces of handling equipment can operate on the same track or rail, provisions shall be provided to prevent collision that may result in damage to the ordnance or equipment at the maximum operating speed of the equipment. 5-4

93 o. Derailment Protection. Handling systems using rails or tracks shall be equipped with a device to prevent derailment in case of failure of the travel wheels or guide rollers. p. Hooks. Weight handling equipment (WHE) with hooks shall be equipped with safety devices to prevent the ordnance load from becoming disengaged from the hook. q. Lifting Devices with Platforms. Lifting devices with platforms shall be provided with a means to prevent distortion or tipping of the platform under non-uniform loading, shall have a means for securing the ordnance to the platform (unless equipped with side and end guards), and shall have safety margin markings. r. Wire Rope and Load Chains. Wire rope and load chains shall have a minimum factor of safety of 5:1. For wire rope, this is the ratio of the minimum breaking strength to its operating design; for load chains, this is the ratio of the breaking load to the operating design load. Where load-bearing wire ropes have protective covers or coatings for weapons protection, the coatings or covers shall be transparent to permit visual inspection of the section of rope. s. Wire Rope Drums. Hoisting equipment that use wire rope shall have at least 2½ full turns of wire rope on the drum, except for weapons elevators which shall have 1½ turns of wire rope remaining on the drum when the hoist is extended to its lowest position. t. Instruction Chart. An instruction chart, that shows all operating features, functions, and safety precautions applicable to the equipment shall be mounted near or on the equipment. The chart shall be mounted so that it can be easily read from an advantageous position or operating station, such as elevators, cranes, or hoists. u. Hoses. Where quick-disconnect fittings are used, a safety wire or chain shall be provided to restrain the hose in the event of inadvertent disconnection. v. Ordnance Jettison Ramps. Where ordnance is loaded on aircraft or staged on the flight deck, ramps to jettison the ordnance overboard in an emergency shall be provided. These jettison ramps shall be located in several locations around the deck edge, to accommodate the quantity and location of the ordnance expected on the flight deck at a given time but shall be located at a minimum of 200-foot intervals in aircraft rearming areas and immediately adjacent to the designated weapon staging area. Jettison ramps must bridge the gallery deck walkway and may be of either a fix or hinged design. The ramps shall permit the ordnance, or ordnance mounted on handling equipment (such as munitions transporters) to exit the deck without contacting catwalks, safety nets or other objects outboard of the deck edge and any skids the ordnance is mounted on, to exit the deck without contacting catwalks, safety nets and other objects outboard of the deck edge. The ramp shall be designed such that rolling transporter/equipment can be rolled onto the ramp and overboard without having to lift it over ramp obstructions. w. Weapons Handling Equipment Tie-downs. Tie-downs shall be provided to secure all weapons handling equipment in magazines, cargo holds, stowage areas or maintenance areas. 5-5

94 x. Machinery Guards. Guards shall be provided in locations where a person might come in contact with moving and rotating machinery. Guards shall meet the requirements for Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) Location of Handling Systems. Ordnance handling systems shall be located where personnel can safely operate and maintain the system. The system shall be protected from the effects of vibration and shock due to gun and missile blast, and impact from shell casings, sabots and other debris as defined by the applicable Program Executive Office (PEO)/Program Manager (PM) for the particular weapon system MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT (MHE). MHE shall be designed, tested and qualified to meet the minimum requirements in the appropriate Purchase Description (PD) or Commercial Item Description Sheet (CIDS), and with the requirements of NAVSEA SW023-AH-WHM PORTABLE ORDNANCE HANDLING EQUIPMENT (OHE). Portable OHE, at a minimum, must meet the design guidelines prescribed in MIL-STD-1365 and shall be approved for use with ammunition and explosives by the appropriate cognizant authority addressed in paragraph SHOCK AND VIBRATION. Weapons handling and stowage systems shall meet Grade-A shock requirements of MIL-S-901, unless the operational requirements specified in the Capabilities Development Document (CDD) differ. When the Shipbuilding Specifications are approved the shock requirements therein shall take precedence. The requirements for shock contained within the approved Shipbuilding Specifications shall also be invoked for modifications or modernizations. Weapons stowage equipment shall meet Grade-A (or as specified in the Shipbuilding Specifications) shock requirements in the loaded and unloaded condition. Stowage equipment of small arms ammunition, pyrotechnics, and miscellaneous ordnance shall meet Grade-B (or as specified in the Shipbuilding Specifications) shock requirements in the unloaded and loaded condition. Weapons handling and stowage systems shall meet the requirements of MIL-STD-167/1 or MIL-STD-167/2, as appropriate GROUNDING. A ground system separate from other electrical grounds shall be used for ordnance. An adequate ground is one which provides a continuous conductive electrical path from a person, metal structure of an aircraft or other vehicle, or the metal case or frame of a weapon to the metal structure of the ship. Dedicated ordnance grounding points are required on all ships wherever weapons are assembled, uploaded/downloaded to/from aircraft, or tested. The flight/weather deck padeyes may be used as grounding points, provided both features can be integrated in the deck padeyes and they are in compliance with MIL-HDBK-274(AS) (series). General guidance on the establishment of a ground point is as follows: a. Identify a suitable metal structural member to support the ground point. The structural member must discernibly supply an electrical path to the ship s hull. Ground paths shall never be terminated at: 1) Electrical conduits or wiring coverings; 2) Gas, air or steam pipes or tubing; 3) Sprinkling systems, including dry sprinkling systems; 5-6

95 4) Electrical source neutral points; 5) Hydraulic, fuel or lubricating lines; 6) Electronic transmitter cables, waveguides or ground leads; or 7) Internal communication signal system conduits; point. b. Identify a small area (suggest 2 inches by 2 inches) on the selected member to be the grounding c. Remove all paint from the selected point. d. To facilitate the attachment of ground cables to the ground point, a copper bolt may be brazed, a steel bolt/stud may be welded, or a hole may be drilled for a bolted-type connection. e. Measure the direct current (DC) electrical resistance between the selected structural member and the ship s hull. The measured resistance must be less than 1 ohm. f. The grounding point must be labeled, as shown in figure 5-1, so it can easily be identified as appropriate for grounding during explosives operations. In case an integrated ordnance ground system is developed, the shipbuilder shall provide objective quality evidence (OQE) that the system has been validated. Therefore, a label is not required. A recognized and recommended practice for establishing a ground point for attaching bond straps is documented in MIL-STD-1310 (series). Contact NOSSA for additional ordnance ground design requirements GROUNDING CABLES. Grounding cables are used to connect ordnance to the grounding system to prevent electrostatic spark discharge. Grounding cables include all cables with a reusable clipping or clamping device on one or both ends including cables inside containers and shipping fixtures. Grounding cables shall not be confused with bonding conductors which have a permanent connection (i.e., bolted or welded) at both ends Requirements. All grounding cables shall have 1 ohm or less clip-to-clip or clip-to-structure resistance except for reel type grounding cables that must have a clip-to-structure resistance of 25 ohms or less Electrical Test Specification. The grounding cable electrical test consists of an electrical resistance measurement from clip-to-clip or from clip-to-connect structure. When testing cables with permanent connections at one end, care shall be taken to test from the clip to the structure (through the permanent connection) to verify the integrity of the permanent connection. Paint on the permanently connected end is acceptable as long as electrical testing proves the paint is not inhibiting the electrical connection FIREFIGHTING HOSE COVERAGE. Fire hose or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) hose coverage shall be provided for all locations where ammunition and explosives are stowed, serviced, assembled, staged, temporarily held in readiness, or handled along a path of travel. 5-7

96 5-5. MAGAZINE AND OTHER AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES AREA DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. NAVSEASYSCOM approves the authorized spaces for where ammunition and explosives are stowed, serviced, assembled or temporarily held in readiness. No alterations or modifications to magazines shall be made without the approval of NAVSEASYSCOM. Ship's magazines must be designed and arranged with regard to facility of supply, ammunition unique stowage requirements, ammunition compatibility, and ship survivability. Magazines which do not comply with the design requirements of this manual shall be reported to NOSSA and NAVSEASYSCOM in accordance with paragraph 1-4. FIGURE 5-1. Properly Marked Flight Deck Ordnance Ground Point GENERAL MAGAZINE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. Magazines are considered vital spaces. Vital space boundaries shall provide protection from fumes, fire, and flooding in order to assure continued operation of equipment and protection of personnel. Ballistic protection may be required for these magazines. Vital spaces entirely or partially below the flooding water levels (V-lines) shall have watertight boundaries. Vital spaces entirely above the V-lines shall have airtight boundaries, except where one or more boundaries are required to be watertight or oil tight for other purposes. Vital spaces, except fan rooms and electronic cooling equipment rooms, are considered manned. The following requirements apply to the design of all magazines: a. Quantity. Sufficient magazines shall be provided to assure the ammunition stowage compatibility requirements can be met. 5-8

97 b. Location. Magazines shall not share a common bulkhead, deck or overhead with flammable or combustible liquid or other hazardous material storerooms. Magazines may be located adjacent to fuel tanks. Magazines shall be located below the waterline to the maximum extent possible. With the exception of 40mm saluting charges, 40mm and larger ammunition and cargo ammunition magazines shall not be located directly under or adjacent to flight decks or steering gear rooms. Where practical, magazines (except those within a ballistic-protected envelope) shall not share a common bulkhead or intermediate deck and shall be provided with ballistic protection consistent with the ship s vulnerability and survivability requirements. c. Stowage Temperature. Magazines shall maintain the stowage environment limits specified in technical manuals for the ammunition to be stowed. In the absence of specific ammunition stowage environment requirements, magazines shall maintain a stowage temperature of less than 100º F. Magazines must be designed to avoid rapid, wide-ranging changes in temperature. d. Firing Temperature. When stowage in a magazine, launcher or gun system requires that a firing temperature limit be maintained which is different from the stowage temperature limit, the system shall be capable of maintaining the firing temperature limits required for the ammunition to be stowed. e. Temperature Recording. Magazines shall be fitted with thermometers and temperature record cards and holders, or temperature sensing devices. They must be capable of recording minimum and maximum temperatures. Where no functional automated temperature indication system is present, at least one bimetallic thermometer (NSN: ; Part Number E3184R3) shall be placed in each designated ammunition magazine or locker. The thermometer shall be located in a readily accessible area where maximum variations of temperature will normally occur. Where installation of the thermometer and bracket interferes with stowed material or equipment, the thermometer shall be mounted in a boss on the outside with the stem projecting inside the stowage space. These thermometers shall be direct-reading, bimetallic thermometers with maximum and minimum index pointers and a reset knob. They shall meet the specifications of MIL-I Thermometers shall have a temperature range of -40 to 180ºF, a 3-inch, back-connected dial, and a 4-inch stem. For applications which do not require recording of minimum temperatures, a bimetallic thermometer with a maximum index pointer only is also acceptable. The thermometer shall be mounted in a L-shaped bracket in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing and attached to the supporting structure. f. Ventilation. Magazine requirements for temperature limits, ventilation rates, humidity limits and special system requirements shall be in accordance with NAVSEA T9500-AA-PRO-130. The supply ventilation ducts to, and the exhaust ventilation outlets from magazines shall be fitted with covers for maintaining watertight integrity. Wire-mesh screens will be maintained on exhaust vents. Watertight closures are required at watertight boundary penetrations in ducts. The exception to this requirement is for handling rooms located above the damage control deck if each room is served by an independent Class W or Class Circle W system. The closures shall be a quick acting type, manually operated, and permanently installed. If the magazine is located below the damage control deck, the closures shall be located inside the magazines and controlled locally. Closures, except Class X fittings, shall also have flexible shafting or push-pull type remote control from the adjacent space. If the magazine is located above the damage control deck, the closures may be located inside or outside the compartment. Where ventilation ducting is used as an overflow for sprinkling systems, and a closure is installed in the ducting, 5-9

98 a bypass containing a check valve shall be installed. For new ship designs (effective with NAVSEA OP 4 Revision 11), magazine exhaust ventilation shall be directed overboard. g. Combustible Material. Combustible material, including wood, is not authorized for use as part of the magazine structure. Fire-retardant treated wooden subdivision bulkheads conforming to MIL-L-19140, category I, may be used in magazines on amphibious warfare ships. h. Drains. Magazines with sprinkling, water injection or deluge systems shall have a drainage or dewatering system. Magazines, ready service rooms and missile checkout and assembly areas, located above the lowest weather deck and adjacent to the weather, shall drain through the bulkhead via a check valve to the weather. Where these spaces are not located adjacent to the weather, drainage shall be directly overboard via deck drains and independent drain piping having a check valve at the shell. Magazines that cannot be drained overboard by gravity shall be drained by portable pumps, either through the overhead access where available, or through a drain pipe installed through the bulkhead and terminating in an adjacent handling room, access or passage. This drain pipe shall terminate low on the bulkhead and be fitted with a hose valve and cap. A valved vent shall be installed high on the bulkhead near the drain valve. Condensate from gravity type air conditioning coils in magazines located above the waterline shall drain to the waste drain system. Condensate from coils in magazines located below the waterline shall drain to a bilge sump or condensate drain tank located outside of the magazine. Condensate piping penetrations of bulkheads shall include a check valve and cutout valve. When providing external drains is not possible, coils shall be drained to 5-gallon aluminum cans located in accessible locations in the open passageways of the magazine stowage. Sufficient cans shall be used so the capacity is equal to 12 hours of collected condensate. i. Lighting. Lighting fixtures in magazines shall be either: fluorescent, Light Emitting Diode (LED), remote source or New Emergency Automatic Lighting Systems (NEALS). Fluorescent, LED and NEALS lighting fixtures shall be watertight. Lighting in magazines shall be sufficient to allow reading of markings on bulkheads and containers stowed within the spaces as described in DOD-HDBK-289 (series). Relay-operated lighting shall not be installed in magazines unless approved by NAVSEASYSCOM. Explosion-proof fixtures are required only where there may be an explosive atmospheric condition. Portable battle lanterns shall be installed so that there is, at a minimum, one to illuminate each access closure and one to illuminate each passing scuttle. One additional lantern per 200 square feet shall be installed, preferably on stanchions, to illuminate aisle spaces. For magazines where NEALS lighting is installed, portable battle lanterns shall be installed in the space to supplement the NEALS lighting. j. Ammunition Securing Systems. Magazines shall be fitted with stowage fittings, restraint systems, racks or other fittings to prevent ammunition from shifting due to shock and ship movement under maximum sea state conditions. Depending upon the type of ammunition they contain, magazines shall be fitted with brackets for short cartridges, projectile fuze cap and tank wrenches, projectile carriers, buckets, shelves, temperature card holders, eyebolts, padeyes and other required equipment to support operations therein. A stowage container shall be provided for cartridge tank covers removed during gun loading. Portable fittings may be kept in aisles and passageways if handling space permits. Equipment and installed fittings in powder magazines shall be non-spark-producing. Shipboard-installed ammunition securing systems designated to stow (temporary or permanently) ordnance shall be certified 5-10

99 by the NAVSEASYSCOM technical authority for shipboard weapon stowage systems. Refer to paragraph for the various types of ammunition securing systems. k. Cables and Electrical Equipment. (1) General Requirements. Electrical equipment other than lighting fixtures, sound powered telephones, sprinkling alarm detectors, smoke detectors, power connections authorized for Common Munitions BIT Reprogramming (CMBRE) operations, high temperature alarm thermostats, and any cabling shall not be installed in magazines or ammunition handling spaces unless it is deemed essential to be located within the magazine by COMNAVSEASYSCOM for safety or operational purposes. If electrical equipment must be installed in these and other spaces where munitions are handled and stowed, it shall be located as far from normal handling and passing areas, and stowage locations as practical. Electrical equipment shall have fault interruption capability to address/prevent the possibility of fire and electrical shock in all fault conditions, including low impedance and high impedance fault conditions. Electrical cabling shall not normally be routed through magazines unless required for the magazine. All associated and non-associated cabling routed through the magazine shall be of unbroken length, without splices or coupling connectors, configured with circuit protection, and shall be protected from damage as described in paragraph 5-5.1t. Electrical fittings in magazines shall be watertight for non-rotating equipment and spray-tight for rotating equipment. Electrical equipment employed in the support of magazine operations such as power converters, power conditioners, test equipment, power distribution panels or batteries shall be located outside the magazine. (2) Fire Safety Requirements. Electrical equipment which can sustain a fire with an average size greater than 100kW for a period of 20 minutes (e.g., total energy released greater than 120MJ) or has a peak fire size greater than 150kW shall not be located in the magazine. Critical electrical equipment which sustains less than a 100kW average fire size for 20 minutes and has a peak fire size less than 150kW (with kw being the fire rate of heat release, not related to the electrical power capability) may be locate in the magazine, but shall not be located under or within three feet laterally of any ammunition or explosives. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher coverage shall be provided for electrical equipment other than cables and lighting fixtures, sound-powered telephones, sprinkling alarm detectors, smoke and fire detectors, and high temperature alarm thermostats in a magazine or along handling routes. Carbon dioxide extinguishers shall be located within the space or on the same deck with a travel distance no greater than 30 feet from the hazard. One extinguisher may protect against multiple hazards. (3) Hazards to Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Requirements. At no time shall the equipment create an ambient EME that will adversely affect HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE. (4) FMECA and Hazard Analysis. Electrical systems and component equipment in a magazine (and along handling routes) shall have a Failure Mode, Effect, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and Hazard Analysis accomplished in accordance with MIL-STD-882 (series) to assess the failure modes and hazards (including explosives safety risk to the ordnance present) to ensure that the inclusion of the electrical equipment in the magazine (and along handling routes) characterizes the residual risk and is accepted at the appropriate level in accordance with DODINST (series). l. Piping. Piping shall not normally be routed through magazines unless required for the magazine. Where routing of non-magazine essential piping through, or into, the magazine is 5-11

100 unavoidable, there shall be no takedown joints, valves, or clean-out ports in the pipe run within the magazine. Where takedown joints or clean-out ports are part of an existing design, these joints or ports shall be welded closed. Although some non-magazine essential piping may be routed through a magazine when unavoidable, no service piping for flammable or combustible liquids, gases or other hazardous materials shall be routed through magazines. If shipboard arrangements require overflow lines, air escapes, and sounding tubes from fuel tanks to run through magazines, those pipes shall be equipped with protection guards as described in paragraph 5-5.1t. m. Radio Frequency (RF) Transmitting Equipment. (1) RF transmitting equipment shall not be installed or used in magazines without the approval of NOSSA. The use of RF transmitting equipment shall not create an electromagnetic environment (EME) greater than that of the NO HAZARD area of the "Graph and Equations for Computing Safe Field Strength/Distance for HERO UNSAFE or HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE" depicted in NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2. The EME created shall take into account the maximum number of emitters transmitting simultaneously, including any existing emitters already installed. (2) Flexible waveguides shall not be routed through magazines. Rigid, continuous run waveguides with no splices are authorized. Lossy line coaxial cable runs (e.g., HYDRA) shall not be installed, used, or terminated (i.e., with an antenna) in magazines without the approval from NOSSA. n. Doors and Hatches. All magazine doors and hatches shall open outward, except where the swing of the door would block other access closures or interfere with personnel egress paths, or used to form a structural blast-resistant boundary to support blow-out areas such as the Peripheral Vertical Launching System (PVLS) magazine on DDG-1000 Class ships. Door and hatch accesses shall be designed so that they cannot be tampered with from outside the magazine and shall be capable of accommodating the largest fleet issue unit load (FIUL) intended to be stowed in the magazine. Where hinge pins are located external to the space, the door shall be outfitted with one high security bracket or bar per hinge to prevent opening the door if the hinge pins are removed. Refer to NSTM S9086-XG- STM-010/CH-700 for additional requirements. Weather deck hatches shall be hinged on the forward side, where possible. Hatches in other locations can be hinged on the forward or aft side. A device shall be provided to secure the doors and hatches in the open position, including all ammunition and explosives handling paths. The doors or hatches shall be readily accessible and operable in a seaway without unnecessary risk to the operator. Magazine accesses and ready-service lockers (RSLs) shall comply with OPNAVINST (series). Secondary egress escape routes shall be provided for all vital magazine spaces that will be occupied by 10 or more people. Hatches for secondary egress space routes shall be quick-acting, or fitted with quick-acting scuttles. When secondary emergency escape doors and hatches can be operated from both sides, a non-key operated, quick-release type locking mechanism (e.g., ball lock pin) shall be installed inside the magazine to meet the requirements of OPNAVINST (series) and still allow for emergency escape. (1) High Security Spaces. Armories, security force issue rooms, conventional magazines, and lockers containing sensitive arms, ammunition and explosives shall be designated for high level of security. Doors and hatches shall have high security padlocks conforming to MIL-DTL All magazine and locker closures shall be fitted with a high security hasp, MIL-H Two keys shall be 5-12

101 issued for each lock, with each space keyed differently. Padlocks for missile spaces shall have one keying. These padlocks shall be keyed differently from any other padlock on the ship and shall not be master keyed. Small arms lockers shall be locked, even though the lockers are within the armory. (2) Submarine Spaces. Torpedo tube and missile tube interlock disconnects shall be furnished with padlock sets so that torpedo tubes or missile tubes within a single compartment can be opened with the same key. Each padlock set for this purpose shall be furnished with 10 percent spares (not less than one padlock). o. Markings. Danger signs, precautions and instructions appropriate for the ammunition stowed and magazine operation shall be posted as described in appendix D. (1) Warning Plate. A plate that bears essential precautionary information, which might result in personnel injury if ignored. (2) Caution Plate. A plate that bears essential precautionary information, which could result in damage to the equipment, systems or adjacent structure if ignored. (3) Posted Operating Instruction. A plate or laminated sheet that displays an exact copy of operating instructions taken from the applicable system or equipment technical manual. p. Communication Devices. Sound-powered telephones or similar communication devices should be included in the magazine. Refer to NAVSEA Circuit Identification Document (formerly Design Data Sheet 430) for circuit designations and types. Both electrical-powered announcing systems and sound powered systems are used for the ship s interior communications for magazines. Sound powered circuits may use E-call, EM-call, or have call means. 1MC speakers should be provided in all ammunition cargo holds, primary and universal magazines. q. Insulation. Where a space adjacent to a magazine radiates heat that would cause the magazine cooling to be ineffective at maintaining a temperature below 100 ºF, insulation shall be applied to the bulkhead or overhead to reduce the heat load. Where possible, the insulation shall be applied to the heat source side. r. Deck Coatings. Non-skid deck covering shall be applied to all traffic and working areas of ammunition magazines, handling rooms, and ready-service areas, except where latex concrete or magnesite deck coatings are used. The covering may be lightweight non-slip, silicon carbide particle coated fabric and sealing compound, conforming to military specification MIL-PRF-17951, or spray-applied, non-skid coating conforming to military specification MIL-PRF Where static electricity poses a hazard, either because of the operations being performed or an explosive atmosphere exists, static dissipation controls must be applied. Examples include wrist straps, conductive mats on benches or static dissipative deck coverings with conductive shoes. In these areas, MIL-PRF deck covering is required. s. Equipment Stowage. Stowage facilities for equipment shall be provided to stow special accessories and portable handling equipment. Equipment in magazines shall be restricted to that necessary for ammunition stowage, handling, assembly, checkout, security, monitoring, and damage control. 5-13

102 t. Protection Guards. All wiring, waveguides and piping routed in magazines shall be protected against damage from MHE. Guards shall be installed that will be capable of preventing damage to these components. Such guards may deform physically, but shall not allow contact to the wiring, waveguide and piping during MHE impact at speeds of up to 88 feet per minute. u. Portable Platforms. When ammunition and explosives are required to be handled manually and they are to be stowed too high for convenient handling from the deck, portable platforms conforming to MIL-STD-1472 shall be provided. The platforms shall provide a stable area to stand in all sea motions where handling is required. The platforms shall be stowed in the magazine. v. Ramps. Where openings, gaps or other obstructions greater than one inch (25.4mm) are in the way of weapons flow routes and may interfere with the free movement of ordnance, ramps shall be installed. The ramps may be fixed or portable. If portable or removable ramps are used, stowage provisions must be provided in close proximity to where the ramps will be installed. Likewise, a placard shall be provided illustrating a diagram of how to assemble the ramps. Where sufficient space is available, a ratio of 12:1 (run to rise) inches or no more than 5 degrees ramp angle shall be constructed to accommodate the use of low deck clearance handling equipment. Ramp surfaces shall be coated with non-skid or grates to provide adequate traction. Where long ramps are required and cannot be made permanent, the ramps shall be constructed in sections to facilitate manual handling. w. Manholes. Manholes for tanks containing a flammable or combustible liquid with a flash point below 140 ºF (60 ºC) shall not be located in magazines. For new ships designs (initiated after the issuance of NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 8 of 2006), manholes for combustible liquid tanks with a flash point at or above 140 ºF (60 ºC) shall be located above the highest normal liquid level of the tank and the tank shall be a vented (un-pressurized) design. Sounding tubes and overflow tubes shall not be considered when determining the highest normal liquid level of a tank SPECIALIZED MAGAZINE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. Magazine types include ammunition cargo holds, primary, universal, missile, ready-service, lockers, and chemical. Ammunition cargo holds are used to hold bulk ammunition and explosives. Primary, universal and missile magazines are designated to hold a ship's allowance of ammunition. Ready-service magazines and lockers are used to stow readily accessible ammunition. Each authorized ammunition stowage space must be identified with an external label plate designating the compartment number and type of stowage Missile Magazines. Missile stowage should be in a magazine as an integral part of the launching system on combatant ships. Systems without integral magazines shall be provided with a magazine or locker convenient to the launcher. Magazines designed for the stowage of missiles, rockets, or other ammunition that produce high volumes of gas shall be equipped with specialized ventilation systems, such as plenum vents or relief ports, to ensure that magazine air pressures does not reach dangerous levels if a missile motor ignites. Restraining equipment may be provided to prevent movement of an accidentally ignited motor. A hatch or cover that is subject to possible external tampering shall be fitted with an internal personnel obstruction grid made of ¾-inch diameter welded steel or aluminum bars with openings no larger than 4 inches. An alternative method is to secure the hatch or cover with a magazine hatch release device specified in NAVSEA Drawing The hatch or cover shall be fitted with hinges. Restraining cables shall also be provided to prevent the hatch or cover from becoming an airborne hazard in the event of hinge failure during actuation. The hatch or 5-14

103 cover release mechanism shall only be actuated by magazine internal overpressure, which shall be one half of the magazine s design pressure capability. The hatch cover mechanism shall be released by the overpressure from the inside only. The total blow out clear area A shall be in square feet equal to 4.5 cubic feet-second per pound times the burn rate R in pounds per second divided by the minimum magazine structural design pressure in static equivalent head in feet of seawater H Gun Magazines. As defined in NAVSEA SW010-AB-GTP-010, major caliber guns are guns with a bore diameter of 5 inches or larger; medium caliber guns have a bore diameter larger than 30mm and less than 5 inches; minor caliber guns have a bore diameter or 20mm or less. Projectiles and propellants for guns are stowed in magazines called projectile, powder or ammunition magazines Requirements. Gun magazines shall meet the following design requirements: a. Stowage for different types of gun ammunition shall be separated to provide ready access and selectivity. b. Wherever possible, the stowage rack orientation shall allow ammunition removal in a fore/aft direction. c. White phosphorus (WP) projectiles shall be stowed vertically on their bases and apart from other projectiles in a separate magazine. Immersion tanks shall be provided for the WP projectiles in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing d. Stowage restraint systems shall be provided to maximize access and minimize manpower. e. Where manual access is required to breakout the ammunition, aisle spaces shall be provided that is at least 2 inches greater than the length of the ammunition. f. Portable battens used to restrain the ammunition in stowage shall not be stressed greater than 80% of their yield strength or deflect greater than 1/240 times its length in order to prevent the ammunition from becoming disengaged from its stowage systems during storm conditions. g. Each stowage rack shall be marked as to the exact contents. h. The upper end of a vertical batten or stanchion shall be allowed to move 2 inches vertically in either the up or down direction without becoming disengaged. i. An air space of not less than 2 inches shall be provided between ammunition stacks to allow for air circulation. axes. j. In all automated stowage and handling systems, the ammunition shall be restrained in three k. Fuze-hole threads, rotating bands, fin stabilizers, projectile caps, windshields, and similar inert ammunition components shall be protected from damage. All fuze-hole or similar cavities shall be closed 5-15

104 with approved plugs or closures to protect the fuze-hole threads and cavities unless the ammunition or components are packaged or palletized Small Arms Ammunition Magazines. Small arms magazines shall be designed to safely stow ammunition, without projectiles that contain explosives (other than tracers), that is.50 caliber or smaller, or for shotguns Water-Activated Device Magazines. New construction magazines designed for the stowage of water-activated devices shall not be fitted with a fire extinguishing system Missile Launchers and Launching Systems. There are two types of missile launching systems: those that are internal to the ship, such as the Vertical Launching System (VLS), and those that are installed topside, such as Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) and NATO SEA SPARROW. Internal missile launching systems contain the same stowage safety features that are provided in missile magazines and are considered a magazine. Conversely, when the missiles are loaded into a topside launcher, the launcher is not considered a magazine. Missiles that are loaded into the launcher or launching system are not readily accessible to personnel. These topside launchers are then subject to the monitoring and safety requirements of a loaded launcher Ready-Service and Portable Magazines, Lockers and Staging Areas. Ready-service refers to ammunition stowage areas in the immediate vicinity of the launcher, gun, or aircraft where the ammunition is used. The amount of ammunition in ready-service shall be minimized to quantities required to support a planned reload of a gun, launcher, or aircraft. a. Ready-Service Magazines. Ready-service magazines are designated spaces located near the weapon system/platform to be served. They shall be equipped with thermal insulation and ventilation. These magazines shall have the appropriate alarms addressed in paragraph and sprinkling systems described in paragraph Changes in a ship's assigned armament may result in overall increases in the required magazine space and the adaptation of ready-service magazines to primary magazines. When ready-service magazines are adapted to function as primary magazines, they shall include the primary magazine characteristics detailed in paragraph b. Portable Magazines. Portable magazines are prefabricated spaces intended for the safe and secure stowage of limited types and quantities of hand-held, portable ammunition and explosives and shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Detail Specification, MIL-DTL They are intended for installation above the V-line including weather deck locations on vessels. The portable magazine is intended for ship with or without organic ammunition and explosives stowage facilities. Ammunition and explosives shall not be stowed in portable magazines unless the magazine is installed on the ship and all magazine support systems are connected and operational. Use of the portable magazine shall meet all of the applicable stowage requirements of chapter 3 and this chapter. The portable magazine is to be installed in an area of the ship that optimizes its installation and usefulness while minimizing the load evolution distance to approximately two feet and not in the exhaust path of a blowout port. Interface requirements for the portable magazine are provided in NAVSEA SW024-AA- IDS-010. c. Lockers. Lockers are often provided for stowage of special types of ammunition and ammunition components such as detonators, pyrotechnics, and chemicals. Lockers shall have a placard 5-16

105 on the exterior to identify the contents. They are frequently located on a weather deck to be as convenient as possible to the weapon or area served. The use of sun shields, made of white material or painted white, is required for the RSL. If the sun shields are coated with Radar Absorbing Material (RAM), the RAM shall be painted white. If a top-side type locker is attached to the deck or bulkhead, it shall meet the requirements of NAVSEASYSCOM Drawing Lockers for stowing fuzes and charges for practice grenades shall be in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing For new designs or new installations (initiated after the issuance of NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 8 of 2006), lockers for stowage of Hazard Class/Division 1.2 material shall be located on the weather deck and be equipped with a jettison capability. Existing non-jettisonable lockers for Hazard Class/Division 1.1 or 1.2 material may continue to be used. Lockers for stowing thermite (TH) grenades shall be in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing Lockers provided for weather deck stowage of pyrotechnic and incendiary ammunition, such as parachute flares and TH grenades, shall have manual jettison capability in case of a fire in the vicinity. Jettison capability is exempted on Landing Craft Air Cushioned (LCAC) and Ship to Shore Connector (SSC) craft. The jettison mechanism will be protected from damage and a positive locking device provided to prevent inadvertent actuation. The locker lid support arm shall be designed so that it does not contact the intended contents when the locker is closed and a means shall be provided to secure the lid in the open position. Lockers used for stowage must have locking devices in accordance with OPNAVINST (series). Lockers shall be located at least 15 feet from oxygen generators, oxygen or oxidizer stowage or handling, flammable liquid stowage or handling, combustible liquid stowage or handling, flammable gas stowage or handling, or lithium battery stowage and handling. Lockers shall be located at least two feet from a fume-tight compartment containing oxygen generators, oxygen or oxidizer stowage or handling, flammable liquid stowage or handling, combustible liquid stowage or handling, or flammable gas stowage or handling. Where applicable, lockers shall have the appropriate alarms addressed in paragraph and sprinkling system described in paragraph Un-sprinkled and non-jettisonable lockers shall be located at least two feet from another ammunition and explosives locker or magazine. Thermometers installed in lockers must be securely mounted with the proper security hardware to prevent movement or damage. d. Staging Areas. During combat operations and peacetime training, ammunition must be constantly flowed to embarked strike and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) aircraft to sustain combat sortie rates. Frequently, ready ammunition must be temporarily staged in an area of the flight deck adjacent to the aircraft rearm area to ensure combat sortie rates are sustainable. Aviation ships and some surface combatant ships are provided with dedicated staging areas where ammunition can be temporarily staged outside of normal magazine stowage. The designated staging areas supplement the ship s strike up capability for heavy commitments, facilitate rapid replacement of airborne weapons for an evolving threat, and facilitate rapid replacement of smart weapons that may fail aircraft Built-In-Test (BIT). Staging areas shall be equipped with dedicated specialized sprinkling that must be fully operable for ammunition staging. If inoperable, manned fire hoses or AFFF hoses should be laid out at either end of the staging area. The weapons staging area sprinkler system consists of AFFF deck-edge nozzles mounted a maximum of 1-inch above the deck measured to the underside of the nozzle. On aviation ships, in the staging area outboard of the island structure, nozzles shall extend 16 feet forward and aft of the weapons staging area. Controls shall be provided on the flight control station and pilot house flight deck sprinkling mimic panels, in flight-deck control, and on the fore and aft ends of the island. Rules and regulations for staging areas are promulgated in the CV Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) Manual (NAVAIR 00-80T-105), the LHA/LHD NATOPS Manual (NAVAIR 00-80T-106), CV NATOPS Manual for the Flight Deck and Hangar Deck (NAVAIR 00-80T-120) and 5-17

106 Helicopter Operating Procedures for Air-Capable Ships (NAVAIR 00-80T-122). The Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue NATOPS Manual (NAVAIR-00-80R-14) provides firefighting procedures for the flight deck weapons staging areas. Staging areas for airborne weapons on aviation ships shall be restricted to those areas that: (1) Are convenient to jettison locations, described in paragraph v; (2) Have at least two clear, unobstructed routes of ingress or egress; (3) Are covered by a sprinkler system or manned fire hoses; (4) Are located as far as practical from fueling stations and liquid oxygen (LOX) carts; and (5) Have provisions for physically securing weapons Ammunition Cargo Hold, Primary and Universal Magazines. These magazines are large spaces designed to stow large quantities of ordnance. They should be located below the ship s waterline. These magazines shall be fitted with dunnage, universal tiedown, wire rope shoring, or chock type stowage systems. Provisions must be made for securing bulk palletized or containerized ammunition and explosives. The following describe the types of ammunition stowage systems: a. Dunnage Stowage System. The dunnage stowage system consists of overhead and deck tracks, stanchions, penboards, tomming down gear, and other associated hardware. This system is used to secure palletized, containerized or loose cargo/ammunition. Stanchions provide restraint for palletized and containerized cargo/ammunition. Penboards and tomming down gear provide restraint for loose cargo/ ammunition. b. Universal Tiedown Stowage System. The universal tiedown stowage system consists of a series of deck channels with a universal hole pattern, a latex concrete deck or aluminum grating between the channels to provide a flush deck surface, and portable pre-tensioning type tiedown assemblies for securing weapons or components to the deck channels. c. Wire Net Shoring System. The wire net shoring system consists of wire rope nets fastened to the overhead, bulkhead, and deck in designated locations, with net tensioners. The nets are a flexible, portable, reusable shoring system designed for partitioning and restraining palletized unit loads of cargo/ ammunition. d. Chock Stowage System. The chock stowage system consists of special devices that are normally designed for stowing a specific type of weapons such as torpedoes. Chocks are generally used for stowage of bare assembled weapons that may be subjected to shock conditions Chemical Magazines. Chemical magazines shall have separate ventilation systems with gas particulate filters or the magazines shall be capable of watertight closure. Decks and bulkheads shall be coated with an impermeable material. The means for sampling the atmosphere of the magazine from another compartment shall be provided. Facilities for personnel and gross decontamination shall be provided near the magazine. The magazine sprinkling system shall be fitted with a fog nozzle system, so 5-18

107 that there is at least one gallon of water released per minute in the form of fog for every square foot of magazine space. Each magazine shall have a separate drainage system to prevent contamination of other ship systems if a mishap occurs. Chemical lockers located above deck shall be readily jettisonable in an emergency. Magazines shall be located away from the ship's ventilation intakes and other openings. Magazines shall be fitted with an automated alarm or sounding horn. Magazines designed for the stowage of ammunition containing lethal or incapacitating agents shall be fitted with devices to detect leakage ALARM SYSTEMS. Remote, simultaneous audible and visual extension alarm signals for the high temperature (F), sprinkler (FH), intrusion (FZ), flooding (FD), and fire detection alarm circuits shall be installed in the pilot house, in each Officer of the Deck (OOD) station, in primary monitoring locations, Damage Control Central (DCC) or Central Control Station (CCS). An instruction plate shall be posted near each audible and visual alarm indicator showing the system identification, the meaning of the alarm, and emergency action required upon its activation. The audible alarm signal in the pilot house and OOD stations shall be connected through a switch. An accident prevention plate inscribed with the words WARNING - THIS SWITCH SHALL BE IN THE ON POSITION WHEN THIS STATION IS MANNED shall be installed adjacent to the switch in each of these stations. The audible alarm shall not be deactivated except by direction of NAVSEASYSCOM or other competent authority. The requirements and operation of all magazine alarms systems are contained in NAVSEA S9AA0-AB-GOS High Temperature. A 105 ºF high temperature alarm system, designated as circuit F, shall be installed in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 to alert personnel of high temperatures in all magazines or spaces where ammunition and propellants are stowed, ammunition assembly, disassembly inspection areas, and cargo ammunition holds. A minimum of two thermostats shall be installed in each of these spaces with not less than one thermostat installed for each 250 square feet of deck area, or fraction thereof. The thermostats that are installed in spaces exposed to the radiant heat of the sun shall be insulated from the steel structure. High temperatures shall be indicated on an alarm switchboard installed in a section which is continuously manned when underway. The location of the switchboard shall be the central control station or DCC and the pilot house. An exception for circuit F alarm systems on submarines is noted in paragraph A high temperature alarm system shall be provided in any non-weather deck locker which requires a sprinkler system Sprinkler. A circuit FH alarm, or a sprinkler alarm, is required on the dry side of each sprinkler control valve in all dry pipe sprinkling systems. A detailed description is shown in NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK Intrusion. A circuit FZ alarm shall be provided as prescribed in OPNAVINST (series) Flooding. A circuit FD alarm, or a flooding alarm, shall be installed in magazines that do not have gravity drainage. The liquid level switch shall be installed in the aft corner or lowest point of the magazine. Refer to NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 for additional guidance on flooding alarms Fire Detection. For new ship designs (initiated after the issuance of NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 8 of 2006), the following fire detection shall be provided: 5-19

108 a. Smoke detectors shall be provided where ammunition and explosives can be stowed, serviced, assembled or temporarily held in readiness to provide early warning of fires within the space. This includes a space with a locker containing ammunition and explosives or energetic material, except material rated Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or less that does not exceed five pounds Net Explosive Weight (NEW). Alternate weapon assembly areas which are continuously manned when ammunition and explosives is present do not require a smoke detector. b. A method of fire detection (smoke detectors, heat detectors, automatic fire suppression system or linear bulkhead/deck heat detectors) with a remote alarm capability, shall be provided in spaces adjoining (beside, above or below) a space where ammunition and explosives can be stowed, serviced, assembled or temporarily held in readiness to provide early warning for a fire in the adjoining space. This does not apply to a space containing a locker for ammunition and explosives or energetic material. An adjoining space which poses a low fire hazard such as tanks, sealed voids, cofferdams, lavatories (heads), elevators or access trunks may be exempted FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS. Fire protection systems, also called magazine sprinkling systems, shall be installed where ammunition and explosives are stowed, serviced, staged, assembled or temporarily held in readiness. They are designed to cool and protect ammunition and explosives stowed in the magazine or other authorized locations from a fire external to the compartment and extinguish incipient fire within the compartment or protected area not involving ammunition and explosives. The system is not designed and should not be expected to extinguish burning ammunition and explosives. Ammunition and explosives fire protection systems shall consist of deluge-type sprinkling systems in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010, with the following exceptions: a. Sprinkling systems in missile workshop areas on AS class ships shall be wet-type. Wet-type deluge sprinkling systems shall be installed in magazines of a group if any one magazine in the group requires a wet-type system. b. A sprinkling system is not required for a weather deck ammunition and explosives locker, where openings are only to the weather, unless the locker is contiguous with a sprinkled magazine or located in the vicinity of the bridge or vital ship control areas. For material that is Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or lower and does not exceed five pounds NEW, a sprinkler system is not required for a locker contiguous with a sprinkled magazine or located in the vicinity of the bridge or vital ship control areas. c. A sprinkling system is not required for a weather deck stowage in a jettisonable ammunition and explosives locker. d. Sprinkling system requirements on submarines are noted in paragraph e. A sprinkling system shall not be provided in a magazine or locker containing water-activated devices as described in paragraph f. A sprinkling system is not required for a non-weather deck (e.g., below deck) locker with material rated Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or lower for quantities that do not exceed five pounds NEW. This may include practice grenade fuze and charge lockers defined in paragraph , Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) RSLs defined in paragraph or Aircrew Escape Propulsion Systems 5-20

109 (AEPS) maintenance temporary stowage lockers when stowed within the hazard and quantity restrictions above. g. A sprinkling system is not required for a locker within a magazine which is located away from bulkheads and elevated from the deck so that the magazine s sprinkler system provides protection from a fire in the adjoining space. h. A staging area shall have a specialized sprinkling system as described in paragraph i. A sprinkling system is not required for gun mounts that do not provide ammunition and explosives stowage, topside launchers and loaded aircraft. j. Aviation facilities shall be protected in accordance with paragraph k. An AFFF sprinkler system or AFFF spray system shall be provided where external launchers are colocated with or below a flammable or combustible liquid fire hazard, such as an aviation facility or and aircraft/boat/vehicle fueling station General Application Density. Sprinkling output rates shall be computed on an overhead basis allowing a minimum of 0.8 gal/min per sq.ft. of magazine overhead area where the deck height is 8 feet or less. Where deck height exceeds 8 feet, an allowance of 0.1 gal/min per cubic feet of additional gross volume shall be made. Staging areas for cargo ammunition and explosives shall be a minimum of 0.2 gal/min per sq.ft. of overhead area Cargo Ammunition Ship Application Density. For cargo ammunition ship ordnance holds having sprinkler systems that incorporate directional boundary cooling and meet the requirements of appendix IV of NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010, sprinkling rates shall be computed on an overhead basis allowing a minimum of 0.4 gallons per minute per square foot of overhead area. Staging areas for cargo ammunition and explosives shall be a minimum of 0.2 gallons per minute per square foot of overhead area Control Systems. Both manual and automatic sprinkling controls shall be installed in magazines and cargo holds for the stowage of ammunition and explosives with the following exceptions: a. Manual sprinkling control shall be installed in magazines with gun-type ammunition smaller than 76mm and located on the damage control (DC) deck and above. b. Automatic sprinkling control is not required in assembly and staging areas outside of magazines Manual Control Locations. Manual controls for sprinkling of magazines, cargo holds, and assembly and staging areas shall be local at the sprinkling control valve which may be inside or immediately outside the protected area; remote controls shall be located on the DC deck with the following exceptions: 5-21

110 a. Local and remote controls for bomb and rocket assembly areas outside of magazines are to be provided on the same deck as the space protected. Local control shall be adjacent to the sprinkling control valve. Remote control shall be outside the protected space in passages used for main access forward and aft. b. For sprinkling systems in spaces located on the DC deck and above, only local control shall be provided. For these spaces, the local control shall be outside the space, adjacent to the access with the access visible from the control. Where access is directly from the weather, only the manual control operating lever shall be installed on the weather-deck side Remote Manual Controls. Magazine remote controls on the DC deck shall be arranged into control stations located forward and aft. An additional station amidships shall be provided on cruisers and larger vessels. Remote controls for ammunition cargo holds on the DC deck shall be located in the vicinity of the access trunk to the protected spaces, visible to the access and clear of the potential fire area around the access Instruction Plates. Instruction plates which describe the operation of manual controls shall be provided at local and remote sprinkling control stations. Each local and remote sprinkling control station shall identify the space served Test Fittings. Test fittings shall be stowed under lock and key in a central location. Test fittings shall be stowed in such a way to prevent damage to them. The armory is the preferred location. Test fittings shall be stamped with the valve number they service Shock and Vibration. For ship designs (referencing NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 10 or later), sprinkling systems protecting ammunition and explosives shall meet Grade-A shock requirements in accordance with MIL-S-901 (series) and vibration requirements in accordance with MIL-STD-167 (series), unless otherwise specified WATER INJECTION SYSTEM. Some missile magazines are required to have a water injection system. The injection of water into a non-propulsive burning or fragment-ignited rocket motor or booster may control the burning reaction and, in rare cases, may extinguish the burning motor. Each water injection nozzle acts independently. Actuation requires only normal shipboard fire main pressure and the exhaust blast of an ignited motor. After actuation, water will continue to flow until the water injection system is secured and the nozzle replaced. Care must be taken not to apply force or drop anything on the nozzle end, since a relatively small force will trigger the mechanism to eject a considerable amount of water FIRE RESISTANCE. For new ship designs (referencing NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 10 or later), magazine boundaries shall have N-Class fire resistance in accordance with MIL-STD-3020 (series) as required herein. Bulkheads and decks shall be N-30 divisions as a restricted application to protect ammunition and explosives from a fire external to the magazine. Overheads shall be N-0 division as a restricted application to protect ammunition and explosives from a fire external to the magazine. Fire resistance between contiguous magazines, either horizontally or vertically, shall be N-0. N-Class boundaries are not required on magazine boundaries common with elevators, closed voids, tanks, or exterior weather bulkheads except where the exterior is a high fire hazard area such as a flight deck. AN Class divisions may be provided where permitted by the Naval Combatant Design Specification (NCDS). 5-22

111 A-Class divisions in accordance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) requirements may be provided for ships built to IMO design criteria AVIATION FACILITY SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. An AFFF sprinkler system in accordance with the NCDS, or equivalent, shall be provided to control and extinguish flammable or combustible liquid (Class B) fires for aviation facilities such as flight decks, helicopter decks, hangars and other areas intended for aircraft when they carry ordnance larger than Cartridge Actuated Device (CAD)-launched Airborne Expendable Countermeasures (AECM) flares with a maximum reaction severity of type IV in accordance with Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4439 or gun ammunition larger than 20mm. The AFFF sprinkler system shall use AFFF concentrate in accordance with MIL-F or an equivalent determined by NAVSEASYSCOM ASSEMBLY AREAS. Sufficient weapon assembly areas shall be provided to support the ship s mission. The primary or alternate weapon assembly area is in the sprinkled magazines designated in the governing NAVSEASYSCOM technical manuals. Some ship classes also have one or more alternate weapon assembly areas documented in the governing NAVSEASYSCOM technical manuals that are used when a casualty exists in the primary assembly areas. Sprinkler protection is required in alternate assembly areas. The following additional requirements must be met for assembly areas Rocket Assembly Areas. A designated and dedicated rocket assembly area shall be provided on all ships engaged in 2.75-inch or 5.00-inch rocket assembly, rocket component assembly, or loading of aircraft rocket launchers. A blowout port, if required by NAVSEA T9500-AA-PRO-130 shall be provided in maintenance and assembly spaces in the event of inadvertent ignition of a rocket motor that discharges the exhaust gas to the atmosphere. This space shall be provided with a grounded workbench and rocket assembly vice, Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ)-free environment, manual sprinkling system with circuit FH alarm, and shall not be located adjacent to a magazine stowage area. If the sprinkling system is inoperable, manned fire hoses or AFFF hoses shall be laid out and manned at all times while ammunition and explosives are present. The rocket assembly area shall be manned at all times while ammunition and explosives are present unless a circuit F high temperature alarm, automatic sprinkling system and appropriate security measures are provided Airborne Expendable Countermeasures (AECM) Assembly Areas. A HERO SAFE compartment (designated as a magazine or "M" space) designed for AECM assembly shall be provided on all ships with a flight deck and air capable ships for AECM assembly or disassembly and ready-service. The space shall be outfitted with one or more electrically-grounded assembly tables, a stowage area for containerized AECM and related impulse cartridges, and racks to stow empty and loaded dispenser modules for each countermeasure system used in embarked aircraft. A fire protection system shall be installed and a jettison chute for emergency jettison of loaded or partially loaded dispenser modules shall be provided. A means shall be provided to alert personnel requiring access to the AECM assembly area when the handling of HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE is in progress. NAVAIR provides a technical reference for AECM assembly areas aboard these ships. The following requirements for an AECM preparation room and ready-service stowage facility shall be provided for all aviation and air capable ships engaged in the buildup of AECMs: 5-23

112 a. One or more grounded metal workbenches, sized to suit the ship s mission. The dimensions of a single workbench shall not be less than 24 inches by 24 inches. The workbench shall have a rim around the workbench edges to prevent cartridges from rolling off under ship s movement. b. An overboard disposal chute capable of jettisoning a full AECM dispenser module, shipping container, and/or a single AECM round. c. A dispenser module ready-service stowage area located in the AECM preparation room. For aviation and air capable ships, a dedicated AECM dispenser ready-service magazine, or, as an alternate, in an AECM RSL. Refer to NAVAIR 00-80T-105, NAVAIR 00-80T-106, NAVAIR 00-80T-120 or NAVAIR 00-80T-122, as appropriate, for additional guidance. d. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) appropriate for a manned space and the pyrotechnic devices used in AECM systems. The AECM area requires a dedicated exhaust system. e. An automated magazine sprinkling system in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010. One Heat Sensing Device (HSD) and not less than one sprinkler nozzle shall be located over the workbench. For those ships that provide logistical support (no AECM arming/rearming capability) to aircraft, an AECM RSL shall be provided Guided Missile and Precision Guided Weapon Test and Reprogramming Areas. Some guided missiles and precision guided weapons use a digital interface with the aircraft in accordance with MIL-STD-1760 (series). When approved by NOSSA, this capability can be used for ship s force test and software reprogramming of the guided missile or weapon using the Common Munitions Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE), CMBRE+, or Common Field Level Memory Reprogramming Equipment (CFMRE), as directed by NAVAIRSYSCOM in Weapon Assembly Manuals (WAMs) or in technical directives. Refer to paragraph 4-13 for authorized weapon test and reprogramming requirements. The reprogramming areas must be designated and approved by NAVSEASYSCOM for each particular weapon. This area must provide a grounding connection conforming to the requirements of paragraph 5-4.6, an electrical power connection which complies with the electrical requirements of CMBRE, CMBRE+, or CFMRE, and fitted with fire protection (e.g., a sprinkling system) as specified in paragraph SURFACE COMBATANT CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS. In addition to the general ship characteristics found in this chapter, the surface combatant Mk 41 VLS Launcher provides individual cells within modules for placement of encanistered missiles. The canisters are sealed and the missiles are not accessible to shipboard personnel. In addition, launchers are provided with special electrical circuitry to prevent accidental firing or the possibility of any electrical current reaching a missile unintentionally. Each VLS canister is a wholly self-contained magazine, with its own hazard monitoring and water deluge system. The space containing the sealed canister, designated the launcher support space, is environmentally controlled and is considered to be a magazine, as defined in paragraph The launcher support space contains the electronic and electrical equipment necessary for launcher operation plus the strikedown crane. The launcher support space and canistered missiles together constitute the launcher portion of the Mk 41 VLS. As long as the hazard monitoring and deluge systems are in operation or the launcher space is manned, maintenance work is permitted within launcher support spaces provided there is no direct contact with loaded canisters. If the hazard monitoring or deluge systems are intentionally or otherwise operationally disabled, the launcher support space is to be 5-24

113 treated as a missile magazine. Unless performing authorized maintenance procedures, hazard monitoring shall not be intentionally disabled for more than 24 hours when ordnance is present. A magazine sprinkling system is provided to protect the VLS modules outside the canisters. The VLS gas management system safely vents hot missile exhaust gas to the atmosphere without any leakage into the launcher space during normal missile launches and restrained firings. Unless performing authorized maintenance procedures, VLS gas management system integrity must be maintained at all times within a module containing ordnance until the ship has been moored at the location where strikedown operations will take place and ordnance handling operations are expected within 24 hours SUBMARINE CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS. Thermometers are not required in small arms ammunition lockers and safes (that provide a minimum protection equivalent to a General Service Administration (GSA) Class 5 through Class 7 safe) that are being used for ordnance stowage when the stowage is not located near a heat source where convection heating will not occur nor subject to heat conduction from the hull or other heat sources. Submarine magazines (not to include the torpedo room) will be fitted with thermometers in accordance with paragraph 5-5.1e. Lockers specifically designed for pyrotechnics stowage must have thermometers. For pyrotechnic lockers, thermometers may have a temperature range of 20 to 240 degrees, a 3-inch, back-connected dial, and a 2-inch stem. All magazines should be located off the pressure hull structure to prevent condensation within the magazine. Magazines and lockers that must be located on the pressure hull shall be insulated inside or forced air ventilated, or shall have other means to protect the ordnance from condensation. In addition to the general characteristics found in this chapter, the following requirements apply to submarine stowage SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. Stowage for small arms ammunition shall be provided in a watertight locker equipped with a flooding system. The locker shall be provided with a padlocked door. A thermometer, as required by paragraph 5-7, shall be external to the locker and located to assure correct ambient temperature observation. The sensor and indicator shall be located to minimize breakage. Submarine small arms ammunition lockers are exempt from ammunition shoring and tiedown requirements because of size and design limitations. Ammunition shall be arranged within the magazine so that the movement of the containers is restricted. These lockers shall be insulated. Small arms ammunition lockers shall maintain a stowage temperature of less than 100 ºF. Deviations to this requirement shall be coordinated with NOSSA in accordance with paragraph 1-4. Small arms lockers for weapons stowed together with ammunition, are exempt from the flooding system requirement. This includes the small arms locker planned for the installation in the engine room of submarines. The addition of any additional lockers is subject to review by NOSSA BLASTING CAPS AND DEMOLITION FUZING DEVICES. Stowage for blasting caps and firing devices of demolition charges shall, with proper security measures, be in the small arms ammunition lockers, or if available, in a three-tumbler combination safe, or in magazines. A means to determine and record the temperature shall be provided as specified in paragraph DEMOLITION CHARGES. The stowage of demolition charges for Special Operations Forces (SOF) shall be separated from associated firing devices and blasting caps. Stowage shall be either in accordance with NAVSEA OD SOF Supplement submarine specific segregation stowage plan or in accordance with table PYROTECHNIC SIGNALS. Pyrotechnic signals shall be stowed in primary (floodable) lockers or immediate service (non-floodable) lockers located near the signal ejectors. The primary 5-25

114 stowage locker shall be designed and located so that the internal locker temperature does not exceed 100 ºF. The immediate service locker shall be designed and located so that the internal temperature does not exceed 120 ºF. Lockers shall be constructed to prevent the pyrotechnics from shifting. Lockers shall be located off the pressure hull structure or insulated on the inside to prevent interior condensation COUNTERMEASURES DEVICES. Countermeasure devices include non-pyrotechnic devices that support submarine and torpedo evasion and may be powered by seawater activated batteries. Countermeasures devices shall be stowed in separate lockers segregated from both the pyrotechnic and small arms ammunition lockers. Countermeasures lockers will be located in the same compartment as the 3" launcher on board 688 Class and 726 Class submarines, Internal Auxiliary Launcher (IAL) on board SSN-21 Class submarines, and Internal Countermeasures Launcher (ICL) onboard SSN-774 Class submarines. The locker framework shall be of watertight construction. The lockers shall be equipped with splash/spray proof doors, which shall be defined as doors that close against a shoulder in the locker frame. No door gaskets are required SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. Sprinkling protection is not required for submarine torpedo rooms due to the severe impact on ship stability, unless required by WSESRB. Refer to table for additional sprinkling requirements for ordnance assembly areas SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES (SOF) SUPPORT. The following requirements pertain to the support of SOF on board submarines: Ordnance Stowage. The following spaces are considered to be magazines on board submarines: a. For SSN-774 Class submarines, the Lock Out Trunk (LOT) and torpedo room. Partition plates and deck grates are considered acceptable separation/segregation boundaries. b. For SSGN submarines, Level D of missile tube1 and 2, and individual modules A, B, and C of installed ordnance canisters in missile tubes 5 and 6 when ordnance is stowed in these spaces. c. For SSN-21 and SSN-688 Class submarines, the torpedo room Ordnance Assembly Areas. Sprinkler systems and circuit F high temperature alarms are not required in ordnance assembly areas. Fire hoses shall be laid out and made ready for use in the immediate area of operations such that at least single hose coverage is provided AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS. In addition to the general ship characteristics found in this chapter, landing force ammunition stowage spaces aboard amphibious warfare ships shall be outfitted with portable wooden fume-tight bulkheads. Plywood partitions shall be fire-retardant, type II, category 2, plywood as defined in MIL-L-19140, having a minimum thickness of ¾-inches. Refer to NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010 for specific details on the assembly, maintenance, and inspection requirements for fume-tight portable plywood bulkheads. 5-26

115 APPENDIX A TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AA&E - Arms, Ammunition and Explosives. A&E - Ammunition and Explosives. ACE - Aircraft Elevators. Accident - Any unplanned act or event which results in damage to property, material, equipment or cargo, or personnel injury or death when not the result of enemy action. ACHO - Aircraft Handling Officer. AECM - Airborne Expendable Countermeasures. AEPS - Aircrew Escape Propulsion System. Aerosol - A suspension of very small particles, either liquid or solid, in air. The particles are so small (less than 10 microns in diameter) that they remain suspended for considerable periods of time instead of settling out. Aerosols are an important form of dissemination for CW agents. AFFF - Aqueous Film Forming Foam. AIN - Ammunition Information Notice. Aircrew Escape Propulsion System - This term collectively represents rocket catapults and rocket motors used in aircrew escape propulsion systems. Airtight (structural closures) - Structural closures are considered to be airtight when they can hold a 2 psi hydrostatic load without leakage. When used in magazines, these closures shall be structurally equivalent to the bulkhead in which they are installed. All-Up Round (AUR) - A missile with all major components operationally joined, consisting of a warhead (explosive), booster, propellant, guidance system, fuze, etc. An all-up round may or may not be assembled with less hazardous components such as igniter, wings and fins, tracking flares, etc. ALN - Ammunition Lot Number. AMHAZ - Ammunition and Hazardous Materials. A-1

116 Ammunition - A device charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, riot control agents, chemical herbicides, smoke or flame for use in connection with defense or offense including demolitions, training, ceremonial, or non-operational purposes. Ammunition includes cartridges, projectiles, bombs, missiles, grenades, mines, pyrotechnics, bullets, primers, propellants, fuzes, detonators, torpedoes, initiators, and propelling charges. Ammunition does not include devices filled with chemical agents nor does it include nuclear or biological materials. Ammunition and Explosives - Ammunition and explosives includes (but is not necessarily limited to) all items of ammunition; propellants, liquid and solid; high and low explosives; guided missiles; warheads; devices; pyrotechnics; pyrophorics; chemical agents, components thereof, and associated substances which present real or potential hazards to life and property. Ammunition and Explosives Area - An area specifically designated and set aside from other portions of an installation for assembly, testing, maintaining, stowing or handling of ammunition and explosives. Ammunition Group - Allows different Naval Ammunition Logistics Codes (NALC s) from different compatibility groups to be stowed together in a designated stowage area. Ammunition Lot - A quantity of ammunition which has been assembled from uniform components under similar conditions and which is expected to function in a uniform manner. Each ammunition lot is assigned a number. Ammunition Lot Number - The code number that identifies a particular ammunition lot. Ammunition Terminal - An activity which has been approved for large quantity ammunition and explosives transfer to and from DON ships (particularly cargo ammunition ships). Examples of ammunition terminals are explosives handling piers (piers used primarily for handling explosive cargo), scuttling sites, and explosives anchorages. Ammunition Transaction Report (ATR) - A transaction report that is submitted by Naval message to NAVAMMOLOGCEN. The prescribed format must be strictly followed in accordance with NAVSUP P-724 to permit update of the Ordnance Information System - Retail (OIS-R) database. AMRAAM - Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile. Anvil - A heavy metal block with a flat, smooth top on which metals are shaped by hammering. AOSS - Aviation Ordnance Safety Supervisor. APU - Auxiliary Power Unit. Armory - A space within a ship, meeting the criteria of OPNAVINST (series), where firearms and their components are stored. ASA - Ammunition Supply Administration. A-2

117 ASF - Ammunition Support Facility. ASP - Ammunition Supply Point. Assembly Area - An area designed to provide a safe environment for the assembly of ordnance. ASW - Antisubmarine Warfare. AT/FP - Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection. ATR - Ammunition Transition Report. AUR - All-Up Round. AW Ships - Amphibious Warfare class ships. AWS - Attack Weapons System (aboard submarines). AWSE - Armament Weapons Support Equipment. Barge - A spacious usually flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of ammunition and explosives on inland waterways and usually propelled by towing. Bilge - The lowest point of a ship s inner hull. BIT - Built-In-Test (for missile programming). Blank Ammunition - Ammunition that consists of a cartridge case with primer and powder charge but which does not contain a projectile. Blank ammunition is used for simulated fire, for signaling, and for training exercises. Blasting Cap - Blasting caps are classified in accordance with the method of initiation. These are two types of blasting caps: a. Nonelectric (fuse) cap. An open-ended metal shell containing pressed charges and secondary (detonating) explosives. b. Electric cap. A sealed metal or plastic shell containing the detonating charge and an electric firing element. Electric caps may be of the instantaneous or time-delay type. Bomb-Type Ammunition - Ammunition that is characterized by a large high-explosive charge-to-weight ratio such as aircraft bombs, warheads, guided missiles, depth charges, and mines that are designed for dropping, launching, or planting. This type of ammunition depends on the destructive blast effect of the explosive at or near the target. A-3

118 Booster - When the main explosive charge is not sensitive enough to be set off by ordinary detonators, an explosive more sensitive than the main charge is placed between the detonator and the main charge. This intermediate explosive is called the booster. A booster is normally the final high explosive component in an explosive train. It amplifies the detonation from the lead or detonator to reliably detonate the main high explosive charge. A booster may contain a well into which a primer or detonator is inserted. Bravo Flag - A red flag that is flown to indicate the handling of ordnance afloat. Breaking Out - The phrase "breaking out" of ordnance is defined as removing ammunition and explosives from the approved shipping containers. CAD - Cartridge Actuated Device. Canister Launchers - Some varieties of surface-to-surface missiles are received, handled, and stowed shipboard in a ready-to-fire condition within individual cylindrical canisters. The canisters are secured in clusters to fixed launcher structures that are oriented to the predetermined firing angles. Each canister has fire-through end closures and is connected to the shipboard firing system through umbilical connectors. Cargo Ammunition Ships - The following vessels, when carrying ammunition and explosives as cargo, are cargo ammunition ships: a. Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships. b. Tenders (AD and AS classes). c. Military Sealift Command (MSC) chartered ships. d. Maritime Prepositioned Force (MPF) Ships. e. Any ship entering a DON controlled port. f. Any DON controlled ship regardless of location. g. Lighters and barges. Cartridge - A complete round of ammunition in which the primer, propelling charge and projectile or bullet are completely assembled to the cartridge case as fixed ammunition; or the primer and the propelling charge are assembled in the cartridge case and closed by a friable plug. Cartridge Actuated Device (CAD) - This term collectively represents and is synonymous with cartridges, cartridge actuated devices, aircraft detonating cords and cartridge associated hardware. They are explosive-loaded devices designed to act as a gas generator, or to provide a stroking action or a special purpose action. Actuated devices may be reusable, employing an expendable cartridge for each design action or may be a sealed unit with a one-time function capability. The amount of explosives contained in these devices is normally small. A-4

119 CBT - Computer-Based Training. CBU - Cluster Bomb Unit. CCS - Central Control Station. C/D - Class/Division. CDD - Capabilities Development Document. CDO - Command Duty Officer. Certification - A formal, documented declaration that an individual, by virtue of management review, has met all of the qualification requirements established to perform a task. CETARS - Corporate Enterprise and Training Activity Resource System. CG - Coast Guard. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations. Chaff - Radar confusion reflectors, which consist of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes. Chemical Agent - A substance which is intended for military use with lethal or incapacitating effects upon man thru its chemical properties. Excluded from chemical agents for purposes of this manual are riot control agents, chemical herbicides, smoke- and flame- producing items, and individual disassociated components of chemical agent ammunition. Chemical Ammunition - Chemical ammunition includes a variety of items, the effect of which depends primarily upon the chemical filling rather than upon explosives or shrapnel, even though an explosive or ignition element is required to activate the ammunition. Included in this category are projectiles, bombs, shells, grenades, rockets, mines, aircraft spray tanks, and any other containers or devices used to disperse chemicals. CIDS - Commercial Item Description Sheet. CIN - Course Identification Number. CIWS - Close-In Weapons System. CLF - Combat Logistics Force. CMBRE - Common Munition Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment CMC - Commandant of the Marine Corps. A-5

120 CNO - Chief of Naval Operations. CO - Commanding Officer (of a U.S. Navy Ship or a shore activity) CODR - Conventional Ordnance Deficiency Report. Cofferdam - A watertight chamber attached to a ship s side to facilitate underwater repairs. Cold Iron - The status of a ship that has shut down its main power plant and is dependent on shore power. A ship in cold iron is not capable of providing immediate propulsion. COCOM - Combatant Commander. Combatant - All DON-controlled ships not classified as explosives support ships; i.e., all ships which do not carry cargo ammunition. Combustible Liquid - Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 F and below 200 F. COMNAVAIRFOR - Commander, Naval Air Forces. COMNAVFORAF - Commander, Naval Forces Africa. COMPACFLT - Commander Pacific Fleet. Compatibility - Ammunition or explosives are considered compatible if they may be stowed or transported together without significantly increasing either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. Compatibility Group - The compatibility group for ammunition, explosives, and/or other hazardous materials which can be stored together without significantly increasing the probability of such an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. The compatibility groups are based on the system recommended for international use by the United Nations Organization (UNO) and as adopted by the Department of Defense (DOD). Component - Any part of a complete round whether loaded with explosives or inert material, or empty. COMNAVSURFOR - Commander, Naval Surface Forces. COMUSNAVCENT - Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command. COMUSNAVEUR - Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe. COMUSSOCOM - Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command. CONREP - Connected replenishment. A-6

121 Container - A general term that encompasses boxes; cartridge or powder tanks, cartons, drums, barrels, cylinders or cans; containers for long ordnance items; and cargo containers. A pallet is not considered to be a container. Cook off - Any reaction of ammunition caused by the absorption of heat from its environment. In loaded guns, it consists of the accidental and spontaneous discharge of, or explosion in, the gun caused by an overheated chamber or barrel igniting a fuze, propellant charge, or bursting charge. Cook off may also occur in explosive loaded components when they are exposed to excessive heat or flame wash from any source, such as live steam, fire, rocket or gas turbine exhaust. COSAL - Consolidated Shipboard Allowance List. COT - Consolidated Operability Test. COTP - Captain of the Port (Coast Guard). CSW - Crew Served Weapons. CVN - Carrier Vessel (nuclear-powered). DA - Intrusion detection alarm system. DAC - Defense Ammunition Center command. DBA - Database Administrator. DC - Damage Control. DCC - Damage Control Central. DDESB - Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board. Deadman Brake - A system that is automatically applied when unattended with a control that requires the operator s constant physically applied release force during equipment operation. Decontamination (Chemical) - The process of making any contaminated object, person, or area safe for unprotected personnel by chemically destroying, physically removing, sealing in, or otherwise making harmless the chemical agent on or around it. (In general, only areas or material contaminated by agents which have a long duration of effectiveness need be decontaminated, since agents with a short duration of effectiveness are quickly evaporated.) Deflagration - A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is sufficient to enable the reaction to proceed and be accelerated without input of heat from another source. Deflagration is a surface phenomenon with the reaction products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at subsonic velocity. The effect of a true deflagration under confinement is an explosion; confinement of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction and temperature, and may cause transition into a detonation. A-7

122 Delay - An explosive train component which introduces a controlled time delay in the functioning of the train. Deluge - A sprinkling system that uses open sprinklers, such that when the control valve is opened, water flows from all sprinklers. DEMIL - Demilitarize. To render ammunition and explosives innocuous or ineffectual for military use. Demolition Material - Explosives and accessories used for blasting, eliminating hazards to navigation and obstacles to amphibious landing, or for destroying equipment. DESRON - Destroyer Squadron. Detonation - A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mixture or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. A detonation is a reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity. The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding medium, forming a propagating shock wave that is originally of supersonic velocity. This is the most violent type of explosive event, whether occurring within a munition or in bulk material. A supersonic decomposition reaction propagates through the energetic material to produce an intense shock in the surrounding medium, air or water for example, and very rapid plastic deformation of metallic cases, followed by extensively fragmentation. All energetic material will be consumed. The effects will include large ground craters for munitions on or close to the ground, holing/plastic flow damage/fragmentation of adjacent metal plates, and blast overpressure damage to nearby structures. Detonator - A detonator is a high explosive device which, when properly used, will reliably initiate other high explosives in an explosive train by detonating wave or shock-front action. It may be electrically, mechanically (e.g., percussion or stab) or thermally (e.g., friction) initiated. A blasting cap is one type of commercial detonator. Deviation - A departure from an established rule or standard. For explosives safety applications, a deviation authorized by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) is considered to be a departure from DON/DOD criteria, but under strictly controlled and regulated conditions based upon compelling operational need. Deviations which may be authorized by appropriate authority within the Naval service are event waivers, waivers and exemptions. DIRSSP - Director, Strategic Systems Program. Display Ammunition - Inert ammunition items and components that are used in display boards, exhibits, demonstrations, public functions, or that are kept as engineering models, souvenirs, momentos, or for decorative purposes. DMLGB - Dual Mode Laser Guided Bomb. Dock - An artificial basin or natural waterway, including the piers enclosing the basin, in which vessels may remain afloat when berthed at a pier or wharf. A-8

123 DOD - Department of Defense. DODIC - Department of Defense Identification Code. DOF - Direction of Fire. DON - Department of the Navy. DOT - Department of Transportation. DOT Class - A category of materials classified by DOT based on the character and predominance of the associated hazards and of the potential for causing personnel casualties or property damage. The hazard classes are Explosives (Class 1); Flammable Gases (Class 2); Flammable Liquids (Class 3); Flammable Solids (Class 4); Oxidizers (Class 5); Poisonous Liquids (Class 6); Radioactive Materials (Class 7); Corrosive Liquids (Class 8); and ORM-D (Class 9). Refer to Bureau of Explosives Tariff No. BOE- 6000, 49 CFR 173 for definitions. Drill Ammunition - Inert ammunition which may have working mechanisms or cutaways and is used for training. DU - Depleted Uranium. Dud - Explosive munition which is not armed as intended or which has failed to function after being armed. Dummy Ammunition - See Inert Ammunition. Dunnage - The mechanical devices (e.g., stanchions, wire net shoring, wire rope lashes, etc.), lumber and tiedown equipment used in railcars, motor vehicles, vessels, etc., to support, protect and secure cargo for the purpose of preventing damage during transport. Dunnaging - The process by which cargo is effectively blocked, braced and secured. EAB - Emergency Air Breathing. ECM - Electronic Countermeasures. EED - Electroexplosive Device. EER - Explosive Event Report. EID - Electrically Initiated Device EIDS - Extremely Insensitive Detonating Substances. EIR - Explosive Incident Report. A-9

124 Electric Blasting Cap - An electric detonator intended for initiation of dynamite Primacord, etc., in commercial blasting and military demolition and blasting operations. Used to initiate detonations in some experimental work. Electric Detonator - An electroexplosive device designed to initiate detonation of a secondary highexplosive. Electric Primer - An electroexplosive device designed to initiate burning or deflagration of pyrotechnic, propellant, or explosive. Some detonators have been designed as primers (e.g., Mk 124 Primer). Electrically Initiated Device (EID) - Any component activated through electrical means and having an explosive, pyrotechnic, or mechanical output resulting from an explosive or pyrotechnic action, and electrothermal devices having a dynamic mechanical, thermal or electromagnetic output. Examples include bridgewire electroexplosive devices (EED), conductive composition electric primers, semiconductor bridge EED s, laser initiators, exploding foil initiators, slapper detonators, burn wires, and fusible links. Electroexplosive Device (EED) - Any single discrete unit, device, or subassembly whose actuation is caused by the application of electric energy which, in turn, initiates an explosive, propellant or pyrotechnic material contained therein. It does not include complete assemblies that have electric initiators as subassemblies, but includes only subassemblies themselves. Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) - The emission of electromagnetic energy from a finite region in the form of unguided waves. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) - The discharge of the electrostatic charge which accumulates on ungrounded surfaces (including those of human bodies, vapor droplets and dust particles). Such discharges can be transmitted across air gaps as sparks, which can initiate reactions of explosive vapors, dust, and finely divided explosives. They can also initiate an electroexplosive device in its normal mode, if transmitted through the bridge or by dielectric breakdown between the bridge system and the case. EMCON - Emission Control. The emissions control of high-powered transmitters to remove or reduce to safe levels electromagnetic radiation in those areas where HERO SUSPECTIBLE, HERO UNRELIABLE, or HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE is being handled or loaded. EMCON bill - A set of directions for implementing HERO restrictions on each ship or shore station. EME - Electromagnetic Environment. EMI - Electromagnetic Interference. Empty Ammunition - An ammunition item or component that does not contain explosive material or inert material. Empty ammunition items and components include: a. Ammunition items or components that were manufactured empty or without the components that contain the explosive material. A-10

125 b. Ammunition items or components that have had their explosive material completely removed by disassembly, firing, thermal treatment or other means. EMR - Explosive Mishap Report or Electromagnetic Radiation. EMV - Electromagnetic Vulnerability. Energetic - The scientific study of energy flows and storages under transformation. EOD - Explosive Ordnance Disposal. EOH - Emergency Ordnance Handling. ESD - Electrostatic Discharge. ESDV - Explosives Safety Design Validation. ESQD - Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance. ESSM - Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile. Event Waiver - A deviation approved from an explosives safety criteria that is issued by a competent authority on a case-by-case basis for a particular evolution, issued for a limited period to meet a specific, recurring or non-recurring readiness or operational requirement which cannot otherwise be satisfied. Exemption - A deviation from mandatory explosives safety requirements approved for the purpose of long-term satisfaction of recurring readiness or operational requirements. Except in certain cases where authorization to purchase real estate for sufficient ESQD clearances has not been granted, where it is in the best interest of the U.S. to grant agricultural leases of encumbered land, or where a significant impairment of the defense posture of the U.S. would result, a positive program for eventual correction of the deficiency must be planned and in the process of being carried out. Exemptions are generally issued for a maximum of 5 years, but will not be granted for a period in excess of that estimated for correction of the deficiency. Exercise Torpedo - Service torpedoes functionable in all respects except for the explosive payload, designed to furnish operational data by the substitution of recoverable exercise components. Pyrotechnics, dye markers or explosive fittings may be attached to or incorporated in the assembly. Explosion - A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mixture or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. An explosion is a reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at sonic velocity (by a shock wave process). The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of high pressure on the surrounding medium, forming a propagating shock wave. Ignition and rapid reaction of the confined energetic material builds up high local pressures leading to violent pressure rupturing of the confined structure. Metal cases are fragmented (brittle fracture) into large pieces that are often thrown long distances. Unreacted and/or burning energetic material is also thrown about. Fire and smoke hazards will exist. Air shocks are produced that can cause damage to nearby structures. The blast A-11

126 and high velocity fragments can cause minor ground craters and damage (breakup, tearing, gouging) to adjacent metal plates. Blast pressures are lower than that of a detonation. Explosion-Proof - The term used in connection with electrical equipment means that such equipment is enclosed in a case which is capable of withstanding an internal burning or explosion of elements contained inside the case and prevent ignition by spark, flash, or explosion of any outside gas or vapor surrounding the enclosure. Explosives - The term explosive or explosives includes any chemical compound or mechanical mixture which, when subjected to heat, impact, friction, detonation or other suitable initiation, undergoes a very rapid chemical change with the evolution of large volumes of highly heated gases which exert pressures in the surrounding medium. The term applies to materials that either detonate or deflagrate. Explosives Accident - See Explosives Mishap. Explosives Anchorage - An area of water specifically designated for loading and unloading vessels and for anchoring vessels carrying a cargo of ammunition and explosives. Explosives Area - Any area of a ship in which explosives or ammunition are present. Explosive Limit - The total amount of explosive material authorized to be present at any time on or alongside a pier, ship, or boat/service craft or at any other authorized handling point or location, and outside of the skin of the ship. Explosive limits are based on net explosive weight. Explosives Mishap - Includes all of the following occurrences, near occurrences and/or circumstances: a. Chemical Agent Accident - Any occurrence involving a chemical agent which, in the opinion of a medically trained authority, did result in a disabling injury or, did or will result in $10,000 or more damage to property from contamination. b. Dangerous Defect - A defect, found on visual examination or local test, in an explosive material/system which is capable of resulting in an explosives mishap (e.g., ruptures of explosives containers exposing filler, protruding primers, partially armed fuzes, safety devices missing or defective, etc.). c. Explosives Accident - An unplanned explosion or fire involving an explosive material/system. This includes inadvertent actuation, jettisoning, release or injury to personnel, fire, explosion or damage to property. d. Explosives Incident - An occurrence which creates a potentially hazardous situation. Incidents include, but are not necessarily limited to: (1) Human errors in processing, assembly, testing, loading, stowing, transporting, handling, using or disposal of an explosive material/system. A-12

127 (2) Unusual or unexpected occurrences, unnatural phenomena, unfavorable environments or instances of equipment failure which may damage or affect safety or reliability of an explosive material/ system. (3) Loss or abandonment of an explosive material/system resulting in a potential hazard to untrained personnel who may find the item. (4) Misuse or unauthorized alteration of an explosive material/system. (5) Any failure or malfunction of, or damage to, a launch device or associated hardware which occurs, when an explosive material/system is being handled or otherwise manipulated. e. Explosives Near - Mishap - Any event which, except for chance, would have been an explosives mishap. f. Malfunction - The term applied to an explosive material/system when it fails to function in the manner for which designed. Malfunctions are considered major or minor as follows: (1) Major Malfunction - Failure to function in the manner for which designed, resulting in, or potentially capable of resulting in, personal injury and/or material damage. (2) Minor Malfunction - Failure to function in the manner for which designed and does not result in injury or material damage is remote (duds, downrange prematures, etc.). Explosive Ordnance Disposal - The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded ordnance. It may also include explosive ordnance that has become hazardous by damage or deterioration. Explosives Safety - The summation of all actions conducted at DON activities, ashore, and afloat, designed to manage and control the risks and hazards inherent with ammunition and explosives operations. Explosives safety is the process used to prevent premature unintentional, or unauthorized initiation of explosives and devices containing explosives; and with minimizing the effects of explosions, combustion, toxicity, and any other deleterious effects. Explosives safety includes all mechanical, chemical, biological, electrical, and environmental hazards associated with explosives, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance, and combinations of the foregoing. Equipment, systems, or procedures and processes whose malfunction would hazard the safe manufacturing, handling, maintenance, storage, transfer, release, testing, delivery, firing, or disposal of explosives are also included. Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance (ESQD) Arcs - The prescribed minimum distance between sites storing or handling hazard Class 1 explosive material and specified exposure (i.e., inhabited buildings, public highways, public railways, other storage or handling facilities or ships, aircraft, etc.) to afford an acceptable degree of protection and safety to the specified exposure. The size of the ESQD arc is proportional to the NEW present. A-13

128 Explosive Train - A detonation or deflagration train (i.e., transfer system) beginning with the first explosive element (e.g., primer, detonator) and terminating in the main charge (e.g., munition functional mechanism, high explosive, pyrotechnic mixture, etc.). Exposed Explosives - Explosives that are actually visible (such as unpackaged bulk explosives, disassembled or open components) and that also are susceptible to initiation directly by static or mechanical spark, or those that create (or accidentally create) explosives dust or give off vapors, fumes or gases in explosive concentrations. Exudate - A hazardous substance which leaks out of a bomb cavity. F - High temperature alarm circuit. FAE - Fuel Air Explosives. Fail Safe Operation - Fail safe operation is the ability to maintain the safety of the weapon and equipment at all times. Failure of the control system, power source, or of the manual or powered drive mechanisms, or the load bearing wire rope or chain, shall not result in damage to the weapon, cause a hazard to personnel, or result in uncontrolled movement of the equipment and load. The term fail safe shall not be applied to static components, to member and static parts of mechanisms, or to hydraulic and air cylinders. Faked - To make one continuous loop of coiled-free rope. Fault Tree Analysis - A systematic way of examining a design prospectively for possible ways in which failure can occur. The analysis considers the possible direct proximate causes that could lead to the event and seeks their origins. Once this is accomplished, ways to avoid these origins and causes must be identified. FBM - Fleet Ballistic Missile. FCC - Federal Communication Commission. FD - Flooding alarm circuit. FFAR - Folding Fin Aerial Rockets. FH - Sprinkler alarm circuit. FIUL - Fleet Issue Unit Load. Fire Hazard - The hazard resulting from the tendency of certain materials to ignite spontaneously by chemical change, by spark, or by friction and contribute excessively to any fire in which they are involved. A-14

129 Fire-Retardant - A term used to designate generally combustible materials or structures which might have been treated or have surface coverings designed to retard ignition or fire spread. Fixed Ammunition - Gun ammunition in which all components are completely assembled, the projectile is rigidly crimped to the cartridge case, and the entire unit is loaded into the gun in one operation. Flammable - Combustible. A flammable material is one which is easily ignited and burns readily. Flammable Liquid - Any liquid having flash point below 100 F and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi (absolute) at 100 F and any liquid of lesser hazard when artificially heated or atomized so as to increase the ignition hazard. Flammable Solid - A solid substance other than an explosive that under conditions due to transportation, handling or stowage, is likely to cause fires through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical changes, or as a result of heat retained from manufacturing or processing. Flash Point - The mean temperature at which enough vapors of a liquid are given off to mix with air, ignite, and produce flames. Flash points are usually determine by the closed-cup method for liquids with flash points around normal temperatures; the open-cut method is used for liquids having relatively high flash points. Open-cup data are usually higher than closed-cup results. Fleet - An organization of ships, aircraft, marine forces and shore-based fleet activities all under the command of a commander or geographic fleet commander who may exercise operational as well as administrative control. FMECA - Failure Mode, Effect, and Criticality Analysis. A systematic way of examining a design prospectively for possible ways in which failure can occur. It assumes that no matter how knowledgeable or careful people are, errors will occur in some situations and may even be likely to occur. FOD - Foreign Object Damage. Fragmentation - The breaking up of the confining material of a chemical compound or mechanical mixture when an explosion takes place. Fragments may be complete items, subassemblies, pieces thereof, or pieces of equipment or buildings containing the items. Friable - Term used to describe brittle or easily crumbled grains of powder. FRP - Fleet Readiness Plan. FRS - Fleet Round Simulator. Fumetight - Tightness such that there is no visible or descernible opening in the closure. FZ - Security alarm system. GBU - Guided Bomb Unit. A-15

130 GMRP - Guided Missile Round Pack. GP - General Purpose (relating to bombs). GPM, gpm - Gallons Per Minute. GSA - General Services Administration. Guided Missile - An unmanned vehicle designed as a weapon that travels above the surface of the earth along a course or trajectory that can be altered by an automatic or remotely controlled mechanism within the vehicle itself. The missile normally is destroyed in carrying out is mission. Gun Ammunition - A type of projectile and its propellant characterized by a ratio of explosive charge weight to total projectile weight of 30 percent or less. The explosive charge is designed to inflict its maximum damage by penetration of the target. Handling Route - Any path through the ship where ammunition passes. Hawser - A large rope for towing, mooring or securing a ship. Hazard - Any condition which may cause an accident or contribute to the severity of an accident. For purposes of classification, four general types of hazards are recognized in connection with ammunition and explosives. These are mass-explosion hazard, mass fire hazard, non-mass-detonating (fragmenting) hazard, and moderate fire, no blast hazard. Hazard Analysis - A process used to assess risk. The results of a hazard analysis is the identification of unacceptable risks and the selection of means of controlling or eliminating them. Hazard Class - A numerical designator assigned to hazardous materials to denote the chemical and physical characteristics of material and its reaction under various test conditions. There are nine hazard classes as shown below as well as a non-regulated category. Refer to NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 for additional information. Class 1 - Explosives. Class 2 - Gases. Class 3 - Flammable Liquids. Class 4 - Flammable Solids. Class 5 - Oxidizers substances and organic peroxides. Class 6 - Toxic and infectious substances. Class 7 - Radioactive materials. A-16

131 Class 8 - Corrosive substances. Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles. Hazardous Locations - Locations where flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in explosive or ignitable mixtures or where combustible dust or easily ignitable particles or fibers may be present. Hazardous Material - The component of, or an item of, ammunition which is inherently designed to produce the necessary energy require for ignition, propulsion, detonation, fire or smoke, thus enabling the item to function. Also, a material (corrosive, oxidizer, etc.) which inherently is dangerous and capable of serious damage and which, therefore, requires regulated handling to avoid creating accidents in connection with its existence and use. Hazardous Material (DOT definition) - A substance or material which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. HAZMAT - Hazardous Material. HC - Hexachloroethane-zinc mix (smoke mixture) or High Capacity. HC/D - Hazard Class/Division. HE - High Explosive. HERF - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel. HERF is the danger of igniting volatile combustibles by spark ignition due to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields of sufficient intensity HERO - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance. The situations in which transmitting equipment (for example, radios, radar, electronic countermeasures, electronic counter-countermeasures, ground penetrating radar) or other electromagnetic emitting devices can generate radiation of sufficient magnitude to: induce or otherwise couple electromagnetic energy sufficient to exceed specified safety and/or reliability margins in EID s contained within the ordnance, or cause radiation-induced damage or degradation of performance in ordnance containing EID s. HERO SAFE ORDNANCE - Any ordnance item that is proven by test or analysis to be sufficiently shielded, or otherwise so protected that all electrically initiated devices (EIDs) contained by the item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in the radio frequency environment delineated in MIL-STD-464 (series). Note: Percussion-initiated ordnance has no HERO requirements. HERO Survey - Analysis, supported by measurements, which results in a description of the radio frequency environment at specific ordnance handling, loading, storage and transportation sites. The radio frequency environment is characterized in terms of its impact on susceptible ordnance systems and operations. A-17

132 HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE - Any ordnance containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs) proven by test or analysis to be adversely affected by radio frequency energy to the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system is employed in the radio frequency environment delineated in MIL-STD-464 (series). HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE - a. Any electrically initiated ordnance item, including those having a HERO SAFE ORDNANCE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE classification, whose performance is degraded when exposed to the radio frequency environment, is defined as being HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE when its internal wiring is physically exposed; when tests are being conducted on the item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; when electrically initiated devices (EIDs) having exposed wire leads are present, handled, or loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices. b. Ordnance items containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs), whose performance is degraded due to exposure to the radio frequency environment, which have not been classified as HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis are HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE and are subject to the restrictions of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2. Items that fall into this classification may be exempted from being classified as HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE as the result of HERO tests conducted to determine specific susceptibility. HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE - a. Any electrically initiated ordnance item, including those having a HERO SAFE ORDNANCE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE classification, whose inadvertent initiation or detonation causes an immediate catastrophic event that has the potential to either destroy equipment or injure personnel, is defined as HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE; when its internal wiring is physically exposed; when tests are being conducted on the item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; when electrically initiated devices (EIDs) having exposed wire leads are present, handled, or loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices. b. Ordnance items containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs), whose inadvertent initiation or detonation causes an immediate catastrophic event that has the potential to either destroy equipment or to injure personnel, which have not been classified as HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis are HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE and are subject to the restrictions of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2, figure 2-2. Items that fall into this classification may be exempted from being classified as HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE as the result of HERO tests conducted to determine specific susceptibility. HERP - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel. HERP is the danger of producing harmful biological effects in humans by exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. A-18

133 High Explosive - An explosive in which the transformation from its original composition and form, once initiated, proceeds with virtually instantaneous and continuous speed throughout the total mass, accompanied by the rapid evolution of large volume of gas and heat, causing very high pressure and widespread shattering effect. Some authorities classify high explosives by their sensitivity to initiation as primary explosives, those that are very sensitive and secondary explosives, those that are relatively insensitive. Primary explosives are also referred to as initiating explosives. HM - Hazardous Material. Holding Design Load - Load equal to the rated load, or the vector component in cases where the equipment is required to move and support weapons at fixed angles, plus the load imposed by dynamic forces of the ship during equipment holding conditions. Hot Tube Loading - Loading an aircraft rocket launcher while aircraft engines are operating. Hot Work - Heat or spark-producing equipment used for welding, melting, or with blow torches or other devices that develop temperatures higher than 288 ºF. HSD - Heat Sensing Device. HSI - Human Systems Integration. It is a multidisciplinary field of study composed of human factors engineering, system safety, health hazards, personnel survivability, manpower, personnel, training and ability. It emphasizes human considerations as the top priority in systems design/acquisition to reduce life cycle costs and optimize system performance. HSV - High Speed Vessel. HVAC - Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Hypergolic - Term applied to the self-ignition of a fuel and an oxidizer upon mixing with each other without a spark or other external aid. IAL - Internal Auxiliary Launcher. ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization. Igniter - An electrical, chemical, explosive, or mechanical device used to initiate combustion. Ignition Temperature - The mean temperature at which a combustible material can be ignited and will continue to burn when the ignition source is removed. The ignition temperature for any one substance will vary with its particle size, confinement, moisture content and ambient temperature. IHEODTD - Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division. IMDG - International Maritime of Dangerous Goods. A-19

134 IMO - International Maritime Organization. Impulse Ammunition - Cartridges or charges consisting of specially prepared propellant charges contained in cartridge cases fitted with primers and assembled as blank cartridges for launching torpedoes, for propelling line throwing (carrying) projectiles, and for similar uses. IMRL - Individual Material Readiness List. Incapacitating Agent - An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties. Incendiary - A chemical used primarily for igniting combustible substances with which it is in contact by generating sufficient heat to cause ignition. Inert Ammunition - Ammunition and components that contain no explosive material. Inert ammunition and components include: a. Ammunition and components with all explosive material removed and replaced with inert material. b. Ammunition or components that were manufactured with inert material in place of all explosive material. Inert Material - Material that contains no explosives, active chemicals, or pyrotechnics. Initiating Explosive - A high explosive which is extremely sensitive to heat and shock and is normally used in small quantities to initiate the detonations or deflagration of a larger mass of less sensitive high explosive. Some authorities recognize the term primary explosive as synonymous with initiating explosive. Inspection - A critical examination conducted by qualified personnel, using established techniques, to obtain an objective evaluation of the adequacy of personnel, equipment or procedures. IRCM - Infrared countermeasures. ISEA - In-Service Engineering Agent. ISIC - Immediate Superior in Command. J - Joules. JATO - Jet-Assisted Take-Off. A device providing thrust to an object upon ignition by a discharging jet of gas created by burning propellant within. JCS - Joint Chiefs of Staff. A-20

135 JDAM - Joint Direct Attack Munitions. Jettison Locker - A locker located on the weather decks, used to store ammunition that may not be stowed below decks, which can easily be discarded overboard in case of an emergency. Jettison Ramp - Ramps located on the weather decks which allow ammunition to be quickly discarded overboard in an emergency. JMIC - Joint Modular Intermodal Container. JP - Jet Propulsion (fuel). JSOW - Joint Standoff Weapon. JSWORD - Joint Shipboard Weapons and Ordnance. Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel (LFORM) - The material and equipment including rations, ammunition, fuel, clothing, weapons, etc., necessary to support Marine expeditionary units for approximately 30 days. This material, as discussed in this manual, is divided into 10 classes as follows: a. Class I - Rations. b. Class II - Clothing, individual equipment, supplies and tents. c. Class III - Fuels. d. Class IV - Construction materials. e. Class V - Ammunition of all types: Class V (A) for aircraft and Class V (W) for ground troops. f. Class VI - Personal demand items. g. Class VII - Principle end items such as trucks, tank weapon systems, etc. h. Class VIII - Medical supplies. i. Class IX - Repair parts. j. Class X - Humanitarian items (materials to support nonmilitary programs). LCAC - Landing Craft Air Cushion. LCM - Landing Craft Mechanized. LCU - Landing Craft Utility. A-21

136 LED - Light Emitting Diode. LFORM - See Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel. LGB - Laser Guided Bomb. LHA - Amphibious Assault Ship (multipurpose). LHD - Amphibious Assault Ship (multipurpose). Lighter - A flat-bottomed barge used for loading and unloading ships and vessels. Liquid Propellant - Liquid and gaseous substances (fuels, oxidizers or monopropellants) used for propulsion or operation of missiles, rockets, and other related devices. Logistics Movement - The transfer of ammunition to or from a ship at an authorized handling area. LOT - Lock Out Trunk (aboard submarines). LOX - Liquid Oxygen. Low Explosive - An explosive usually ignited by a flame and which burns slower than high explosives. The speed of combustion is fixed or controlled by the granulation, the density of loading, the confinement (surrounding pressure) and similar factors. Combustion occurs steadily over the surface of the powder grains and from layer to layer until the total mass is consumed. The resultant reaction causes evolution of heat and usually a large volume of gas. Such combustion frequently is termed deflagration. The distinction between low and high explosives is not sharply defined and both terms are relative. Some low explosives under conditions of proper fineness, packing confinement, and initiation may detonate when ignited; conversely, some high explosives may simply burn if ignited under the proper conditions. LPD - Amphibious Transport Docks. LSD - Dock Landing Ships. LSE - Landing Signalmen Enlisted. MAC - Multiple All-Up Round Canister. Magazine - The specific spaces which are designated for the stowage of ammunition and explosives. MAGTF - Marine Air Ground Task Force. Maintenance Movement - Any movement of ammunition from its normal shipboard location to another location in order to conduct required assembly, disassembly, maintenance, or test of a weapons systems, or maintenance of a stowage area. A maintenance movement may include strikeup/strikedown, movement within the normal stowage area, or movement from one stowage area to another. A-22

137 Maintenance of Ammunition - The upkeep and repair of ammunition, ammunition components, and ammunition details to keep them in serviceable condition and ready for immediate issue and use. MARCORSYSCOM - Marine Corps Systems Command. Mass-Detonating Explosives - High explosives, black powder, certain propellants, certain pyrotechnics, and other similar explosives, alone or in combination, or loaded into various types of ammunition or containers, most of the entire quantity of which can be expected to explode virtually instantaneously when a small portion is subjected to fire, to severe concussion or impact, to the impulse of an initiating agent, or to the effect of a considerable discharge of energy from without. Such an explosion normally will cause severe structural damage to adjacent objects. Explosion propagation may occur immediately to other items of ammunition and explosives stored sufficiently close to, and not adequately protected from, the initially exploding pile with a time interval short enough so that two or more quantities must be considered as one for quantity-distance purposes. Master - In terms of Naval rank, the captain of a Military Sealift Command (MSC) ship. Material Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard (MPPEH) - Material owned or controlled by the Department of Defense that, prior to determination of its explosives safety status, potentially contains explosives or munitions (for example, munitions containers and packaging material; munitions debris remaining after munitions use, demilitarization, or disposal; and range-related debris) or potentially contains a high enough concentration of explosives that the material presents an explosive hazard (for example, equipment, drainage systems, holding tanks, piping, or ventilation ducts that were associated with munitions production, demilitarization, or disposal operations). Excluded from MPPEH are military munitions within the Department of Defense s established munitions management system and other hazardous items that may present explosion hazards (such as gasoline cans, compressed gas cylinders) that are not munitions and are not intended for use as munitions. Material Safety Data Sheets - Documents provided by the manufacturer of a hazardous material as required by 49 CFR An MSDS contains information about a specific hazardous chemical including health hazards, personal protective equipment, fire and reactivity information, physical properties and other information such as disposal regulations. MSDSs are available from manufacturers and must be maintained so they are accessible to all workers on all shifts who work with hazardous materials as part of the hazard communication standard. Materiel - Equipment, apparatus and supplies used aboard DON units afloat. MCO - Marine Corps Order. MDAS - Material Documented As Safe. MDD - Maintenance Due Date. MEU - Marine Expeditionary Unit. MFST - Mobile Fleet Support Team (funded by NAVSUP GLS). A-23

138 MHE - Material Handling Equipment. MHT - Missile Handling Trainers. MIL-STD - Military Standard. MIP - Maintenance Index Page. An index of required scheduled maintenance actions detailed in the maintenance requirement cards (MRCs). They also provide information regarding how often and who is permitted to perform these maintenance tasks. Misfire - Failure of a component to fire or explode following an intentional attempt to cause an item to do so. Mishap - An accident or unexpected event involving Department of Defense (DOD) ammunition and explosives. Mk - Mark. MLA - Mission Load Allowance. MM, mm - Millimeter(s). MOA - Memorandum of Agreement. Mod - Model. Modify - To make a major or minor change in the design or assembly of an item of ammunition or component part thereof. Monopropellant - A rocket propellant that combines fuel and oxidizer as a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and alcohol. MOTT - Mobile Ordnance Training Team (under the command of COMNAVAIRLANT and COMNAVAIRPAC). Moused - A spring-loaded clip or a line fastened around a hook to prevent the load from falling off. MPF Ships - Maritime Prepositioned Force ships. MPPEH - See Material Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard. MRC - Maintenance Requirement Card. A series of maintenance tasks written by an In-Service Engineering Agent (ISEA) of a particular equipment. MSC - Military Sealift Command. Ships under their command include all T-AE, T-AFS, T-AO, and T-AOE class ships. A-24

139 MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheets. MWR - Morale, Welfare and Recreation. NACES - Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seat. NALC - Navy Ammunition Logistics Code. NAMP - Naval Aviation Maintenance Program NAR - Notice of Ammunition Reclassification. NATEC - Naval Air Technical Engineering Center. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATOPS - Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization. NAVAIRSYSCOM - Naval Air Systems Command. NAVSTA - Naval Station. NAVSUP - Naval Supply Systems Command. NAVSUP GLS - Naval Supply Command, Global Logistics Support [formerly Naval Supply Command, Logistics Operation Center (LOC)]. NAVOSH - Naval Occupational Safety and Health. NAVMEDCOM - Naval Medical Command. NAVSEASYSCOM - Naval Sea Systems Command. NAVSTA - Naval Station. NAVSURFWARCEN - Naval Surface Warfare Center. NCDS - Naval Combatant Design Specification. NDT - Non-Destructive Testing. NEALS - New Emergency Automatic Lighting Systems. Net Explosive Weight - The actual weight of explosive mixture or compound including the TNT equivalent of other energetic material which is used in the explosive limits and ESQD arcs. A-25

140 NEW - Net Explosive Weight (in pounds). NFAF - Naval Force Auxiliary Fleet ships. NMC - Naval Munitions Command. NM, nm - Nautical Mile. NMCPHC - Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center. NOMMP - Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program. Non-Standard Pack - When ammunition is not packaged in its prescribed container. NOSSA - Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity. NRMP - Navy Radioactive Material Number. NSDSA - Naval Sea Data Support Activity. NSE - Naval Support Element. NSN - National Stock Number. NSTM - Naval Ships Technical Manual. NSWC - Naval Surface Warfare Center. NSWCDD - Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division NTP - Non-Thermally Protected. NTTP - Navy Tactics, Techniques and Procedures. NVR - Naval Vessel Rules. OCONUS - Outside the Continental United States. OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer. OHE - Ordnance Handling Equipment. OHF - Overhead Fire. OHO - Ordnance Handling Officer. A-26

141 OIC - Officer-In-Charge. OIS-PC - Ordnance Information System Partial Connect. OIS-R - Ordnance Information System Retail. OOD - Officer of the Deck. OP - Ordnance Pamphlet. Operational Necessity - A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify accepting the risk of loss of equipment and personnel. OPNAV - Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. OPNAVINST - Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Instruction. OQE - Objective Quality Evidence. Ordnance - Military material such as combat weapons of all kinds with ammunition and equipment required for their use. Ordnance includes all the things that make up a ship's or aircraft's armament - guns, ammunition, and all equipment needed to control, operate, and support the weapons. ORM - Operational Risk Management. OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PAD - Propellant Actuated Device. Pallet - A wood or metal, square or rectangular platform upon which cargo is located so that the cargo and pallet may be moved as a unit and stacked without cargo rehandling. The platform is raised sufficiently to allow for pallet engagement by the forks of a forklift truck. PD - Purchase Description. PEO - Program Executive Office. PETN - Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate. PHD - Port Hueneme Division. PHST - Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation. Pier - A landing place or platform built into the water, perpendicular or oblique to the shore, for the berthing of vessels. A-27

142 PLAD - Plain Language Address Designation. PM - Program Manager. PMS - Planned Maintenance System. POA&M - Plan of Action and Milestones. Positive Control - Positive control is defined as physical restraint of the weapon to prevent the weapon from becoming disengaged from its stowage or handling equipment, or being damaged by striking adjacent structure, fittings, or weapons under any handling condition. PPE - Personal Protective Equipment. PQS - Personnel Qualification Standard. Primary Explosive - Sensitive material used to initiate chemical reaction in booster explosives or as an initiation or ignition source for squibs and ignites used with propelling and pyrotechnic devices. Primary explosives are sensitive to heat, impact and shock and in warheads, are separated from the booster by the interruption of the fuze, exploder, or safe-and-arm device. Lead Styphnate and DXN-1 are examples of an approved primary explosive. Lead Azide and Mercury Fulminate are examples of restricted or obsolete primary explosives. Primer - A mechanically or electrically initiated device, as originally used in military fuse trains, to initiate another explosive charge or the next element in the explosive train. Primers are more brisant than squibs and are of lower power than detonators. Projectile - An object projected by an applied exterior force and continued in motion by virtue of its own inertia, as a bullet, shell or grenade. Also applies to rockets and guided missiles. Propellant - Substances or mixtures of substances used for propelling projectiles and missiles, or to generate gases for powering auxiliary devices. When ignited, propellants burn at a controlled rate to produce quantities of gas capable of performing work but they must be capable of functioning in their application without undergoing a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). Propelling Charge - As pertains to gun ammunition, a propelling charge consists of a primed cartridge case loaded with smokeless powder; the mouth of the case sealed by a friable plug. It is a separate unit from the projectile and is termed as a unit of separated ammunition. Protective Clothing - Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect personnel against hazards caused by extreme changes in physical environment or dangerous working conditions. PS - Payload System. PSI, psi - Pounds per Square Inch. A-28

143 PT - Payload Tube. PVLS - Peripheral Vertical Launching System (on DDG-1000 Class ships). PWP - Plasticized White Phosphorous. Pyrophoric - Capable of spontaneous ignition upon contact with air, water, or other materials containing oxygen. Pyrotechnics - Substances or mixtures of substances which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce, on demand and in various combinations, specific time delays or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, light or IR radiation. Pyrotechnics must be capable of functioning in their application without undergoing a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). QA - Quality Assurance. QA/SO - Quality Assurance/Safety Officer. QRT - Quick Reaction Test. QUAL/CERT Program - Qualification and Certification program for explosives handling. Qualifications - A documented list of requirements an individual must satisfy prior to being certified, i.e., testing, informal or formal classes, licenses, documented on-the-job training and experience, demonstrated task proficiency, physical, etc. RADHAZ - Radiation Hazards (to personnel, fuel and other flammable material). Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields of sufficient intensity to produce harmful biological effects in humans, cause spark ignition of volatile combustibles, or actuate electroexplosive devices. Radioactive Materials - Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation. Radioactive materials are not within the scope and purpose of this publication. RAM - Rolling Airframe Missile or Radar Absorbing Material. RAP - Rocket-Assisted Projectile. Rated Load - Maximum load that is to be lifted, moved, or restrained by weapons handling equipment without overstress under the specified equipment operating and holding conditions. The rated load is determined by the weight of the weapon load (a weapon with its handling attachments, covers, shields, containers, cradle, skid, pod, etc.) and handling equipment not integral with the particular handling equipment or weapon load (such as slings, strong backs, hoists, or traveling bridge crane, or dollies on an elevator). RATO - Rocket Assisted Take-Off. A device providing thrust to an object upon ignition by a discharging rocket of gas created by burning propellant within. A-29

144 RDD - Recertification Due Date (RAM weapon system term). RDX - Dry Cyclonite. Ready-Service Locker - A locker normally located on the weather decks for temporary stowage of ammunition. Ready-Service Magazine - A magazine located near the weapon or aircraft it supports that is used for the temporary storage of limited amounts of ammunition. Ready-Service Stowage - Refers to a condition of ammunition that has been made ready for employment. It provides the means to temporarily position ordnance near the corresponding aircraft, gun or launcher to sustain scheduled training or sustain combat sortie rates. Relay - An element of a fuse explosive train which augments an outside, and otherwise inadequate, output of a prior explosive component to reliability initiate a succeeding train component. Relays, in general, contain a small single explosive charge, such as lead azide, and are not usually employed to initiate high explosive charges. RF - Radio Frequency. RFI - Ready-for-Issue. RIB - Rigid Inflatable Boat. Riot Control Agent - A chemical that produces only a temporary irritating or incapacitating effect when used in field concentrations. Rocket - A missile which derives its thrust from ejection of hot gases generated from propellants carried in the missile motor. Rocket Assisted Take-Off (RATO) - Refer to RATO. Rocket Motor - That portion of the rocket loaded with solid propellant. ROLMS - Retail Ordnance Logistics Management System. RORO - Roll On/Roll Off (vehicle). The transfer of ammunition and explosives on wheeled conveyance (for example, barge or boat), such that the conveyance remains in a transportation mode through a transshipment point, with no lifting of the ammunition or conveyance. RPV - Remotely Piloted Vehicle. RSL - Ready Service Locker. RSO - Range Safety Officer. A-30

145 S & A - Safe and Arm. Safe Working Load - The maximum static load (in pounds or kilograms) which can be lifted or handled by a piece of handling equipment such as slings, forklift trucks, beams, and similar handling equipment. The terms "safe working load", "capacity", or "rated load" are considered synonymous. Safety Interlock - Any device which stops or limits normal motion or operation of equipment to prevent or minimize the possibility of injury to personnel or damage to equipment. Saluting Charge - Similar to a propelling charge, but is loaded with a small quantity of black powder in lieu of smokeless powder. Used only for ceremonial saluting purposes. SAMI - Small Arms Markmanship Instructor. SAMM - Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management. A maintenance inspection program for Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships. SCBA - Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. SCD - Ship Change Document. Scuttling Sites - An area of water specifically designated for positioning a ship for flooding or sinking under emergency situations. SDZ - Surface Danger Zone. SEAL - Sea, Air and Land. SECDEF - Secretary of Defense. SECNAV - Secretary of the Navy. Sensitive Materials - Sensitive materials are weapons, ammunition and explosives vulnerable to theft and having a ready-sale potential in illicit markets, or having a ready use during civil disturbances. Sensitive materials include items such as rifles, grenades, pyrotechnics, and explosives. Separated Ammunition - Ammunition in which the projectile and the cartridge case are two units that are usually loaded into the gun separately. Separate-Loading Ammunition - Ammunition in which the projectile and charge are loaded into a gun separately. Service Ammunition - Ammunition intended for combat rather than for training is classified as service ammunition. This ammunition has been approved for service use and contains explosives, pyrotechnics, or chemical agent filler, and the propellant, if required, is of service or reduced charge weight. A-31

146 Service Life - A period of time assigned to ammunition during which the performance of the ammunition is considered to be satisfactory. SESI - Shipboard Explosives Safety Inspection. Shelf Life - A period of time that certain ammunition may remain in stowage in its original, sealed container. SHIPALTs - Ships Alterations. SIAT - Ships Installation Acceptance Test. Signaling Smoke - Any type of smoke, usually colored, emitted from a hand or rifle grenade or from a pyrotechnic signal. SIST - Serviceable In-Service Time. SLAM-ER - Standoff Land Attack Missile - Extended Range. Small Arms Ammunition - Ammunition, without projectiles that contain explosives (other than tracers), that is.50 caliber or smaller, or for shotguns. Small Boat - For this publication, all boats and craft including rigid inflatable boats (RIBs), that can be carried on board another vessel or are trailerable. S/N - Serial Number. SO - Special Operations or Safety Officer. SOC - Special Operations Craft. SOCOM - Special Operations Command. SOF - Special Operations Forces. SOLAS - Safety of Life at Sea. Solid Propellant - Explosives compositions used for propelling projectiles and rockets and to generate gases for powering auxiliary devices. SOP - Standard Operating Procedures. SOPA - Senior Officer Present Afloat. Sortie - A flight of an aircraft on a combat mission. A-32

147 SOT - System Operability Test. Sparkproof - The term used to describe equipment which is so designed to ensure no flames or sparks will escape to the surrounding atmosphere from within its case or enclosure. Also referred to as spark-enclosed. SRF - Ship Repair Facility. SSBN - Nuclear ballistic missile submarine. SSC - Ship to Shore Connector craft. SSGN - Nuclear Guided Missile Submarine. SSN - Nuclear attack submarine. SSRA - System Safety Risk Assessment. Stability - The ability of any ammunition or explosive to withstand adverse conditions and deterioration while in stowage or use. Stacks - Safe, orderly groupings of ammunition, explosives and related component parts in stowage. Staging Area - A dedicated area where ammunition may be temporarily stored to meet immediate operational requirements. STANAG - Standardization Agreement. STANAG 1380 (AECP-2) - This NATO document provides RADHAZ guidance for operations in the NATO environment and is the NATO equivalent of the U.S. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2. Clarification can be found in chapter 4 of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2. For RADHAZ guidance during NATO operations, contact Naval Surface Warfare Center Division Dahlgren (NSWCDD). Storage Compatibility Group - The compatibility group for ammunition, explosives and/or other hazardous materials which can be stored together without significantly increasing the probability of accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. The compatibility groups are based on the system recommended for international use by the United Nations Organization (UNO) and as adopted by the Department of Defense. Refer to NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 for the descriptions of each compatibility group. Stores - General shipboard, non-ordnance related supplies (e.g., food, medical supplies, clothing, etc.). STREAM - Standard Tension Replenishment Alongside Method. Strikeup/Strikedown - A term used to describe the shipboard movement of aircraft from the flight deck to the hangar deck level, or the shipboard process of breaking out/stowing ammunition. A-33

148 Superstructure - The portion of the ship located above the weather deck. Supervisor - Any employee, officer, and petty officer, designated by the Commanding Officer (CO), Ordnance Officer, or other head of a department afloat to oversee and inspect personnel and employees and their operations. SUPSHIP - Supervisor of Shipbuilding. Surveillance - A process to assure that ammunition, explosives, and energetic material received, stowed, shipped or manufactured are safe, controlled and disposed of when unsafe. Susceptibility - The property of an ordnance item which describes its capability to function acceptably when subjected to unwanted electromagnetic energy. The degree of susceptibility is dependent upon the amount of induced energy, the characteristics of the EED and the environment (such as field strength, orientation of weapon system, weapon configuration, etc.). SWFLANT - Strategic Weapons Facility Atlantic (located at Kings Bay, GA) SWFPAC - Strategic Weapons Facility Pacific (located at Bangor, WA) SWIT - Shipboard Weapons Integration Team. SWL - Safe Working Load. SWS - Strategic Weapon System. SYSCOM - Systems Command. TDMIS - Technical Data Management Information System. TEA - Triethyl Aluminum. It is a colorless liquid which ignites spontaneously in air (i.e., pyrophoric) and is highly reactive. It explodes violently in water. Violent reactions can occur if exposed to halogenated hydrocarbons. Fire extinguishing agents NOT to be used: Water, foam and halogenated hydrocarbons. TFBR - Technical Feedback Report. TH - Thermite. TIR - Technical Interchange Review. TL - Team Leader. TM - Team Member. TMDER - Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report. A-34

149 TMS - Type/Model/Series. TNT - Trinitrotoluene. Toxic Chemical Agent - A toxic chemical that may be used effectively in field concentrations to produce injury or death. Toxic chemical agents are classified tactically as casualty agents. TP - Thermally Protected. TPA - Triethyl Pyrophoric Aluminum. It is a thickened TEA. Training Ammunition - Service, practice, or inert ammunition used for operational or classroom training. TRP - Technical Review Panel (during ship acquisition processes). Transfer Area - A dedicated area where ammunition may be temporarily placed awaiting immediate transfer to aircraft/vehicles or transfer to a primary magazine. Tug - A strongly built powerful boat used for towing and pushing other ships or vessels. May carry limited quantities of ammunition and explosives. TYCOM - Type Commander. UIC - Unit Identification Code. UN - United Nations. Unexpended Weapons - Airborne weapons/stores that have not been subjected to attempts to fire or drop. They are presumed to be in normal operating condition and can be fired or jettisoned if necessary. Units Afloat - All commands, units or detachments attached to the Operating Forces and assigned to task designation. These elements, assigned to the chain-of-command of a Fleet Commander, may be physically afloat. UNREP - Underway replenishment, which consists of connected replenishment (CONREP) and vertical replenishment (VERTREP) transfer at sea methods. Unserviceable Ammunition - Ammunition reclassified to unserviceable because of a change in expected service or shelf life, or due to deterioration or damage. Unserviceable ammunition is identified by: a. NAVSUP through issue of Notices of Ammunition Reclassification (NARs) and NAVSUP Publication P-801. b. Inspection which may reveal defective ammunition such as: (1) Improper seating of fuze in rocket warheads. A-35

150 (2) Warheads which are cracked, dented, bent and with recesses which are corroded. (3) Ruptured missile seeker heads. (4) Dented or deformed pyrotechnics. (5) Leaking chemical ammunition. (6) Exudate or other leakages from ammunition item. c. Reports of ammunition or components dropped five feet or more (two feet for RAP). USAF - United States Air Force. USCG - United States Coast Guard. USFF - United States Fleet Forces. USNS - United States Naval Ship (civilian manned). VERTREP - Vertical replenishment. VLS - Vertical Launching System. VLT - Vertical Launch Tube. Void - In terms of dunnaging practices, spaces between units of cargo in stowage and between units of cargo and ship s structure. VPC - Vertical Package Conveyor. VPT - Virginia Payload Tube. Waiver - A written authorization from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) which provides a temporary exception and permits deviation from a mandatory regulation or instruction. It is generally granted for short periods of time pending cancellation as a result of termination of scheduled work commitments or correction of the waived conditions. WAM - Weapon Assembly Manual. Warhead - That part of a missile, projectile, torpedo, rocket, or other munition which contains either the nuclear or thermonuclear system, high-explosive system, chemical agents or inert materials intended to inflict damage. RAP projectiles and rocket heads without motors are designated as warheads. A-36

151 Watertight (electrical fittings) - Electrical fittings are considered to be watertight when the fitting s enclosure prevents leakage of water striking or covering the enclosure. No ventilation or other openings are allowed in watertight enclosures. Gaskets are required for covers and doors. Test procedures to qualify electrical fittings as watertight are listed in MIL-STD-108. Watertight (structural closures) - Structural closures are considered to be watertight when they can withstand the hydrostatic pressure of the bulkhead or deck in which they are installed with no leakage. Watertight structural closures include doors, hatches, scuttles, manhole covers and bolted equipment removal plates. Watertight closures shall not permanently deform when proof tested to 150% of the design pressure. Weapons Locker - A locker designed for the stowage of small arms weapons. Weather Deck (or In-The-Weather or Topside) - For the purpose of regulating ordnance safety within this document, stowage on the weather deck, in-the-weather or topside means stowage on the uppermost deck extending from side to side. This does not include stowage on lower decks that may be partially open to the weather, such as an aircraft hangar, vehicle stowage deck, or a covered well deck. It does include open sponsons and catwalks outside the skin of the ship that may be located below other levels. Weatherproof - The term used to describe equipment so constructed or protected that exposure to the weather will not interfere with its successful operation. Raintight or watertight equipment may not fulfill the requirements for a weatherproof enclosure. Consideration should be given to conditions resulting from snow, ice, dust, and temperature extremes. WFIP - War Fighting Improvement Plan. Wharf - A landing place or platform built out into the water or along the shore for the berthing of vessels. WHE - Weight Handling Equipment. WP - White Phosphorous. WR - Weapons Requirement. WSESRB - Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board. A-37/(A-38 Blank)

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153 APPENDIX B REFERENCE DOCUMENTS B-1. GENERAL. This appendix contains all the publications referenced in this manual, as well as publications which may provide further information on explosive safety matters. B-2. NAVAL INVENTORY CONTROL POINT. The publications and instructions in this section are available from the Defense Distribution Depot Susquehanna Pennsylvania, Building 05, 5450 Carlisle Pike, Mechanicsburg, PA Publications must be ordered in accordance with NAVSUP Publication 600, Naval Logistics Library User Guide. B-2.1. B DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD). DOD Directives Explosives Safety Management and the DOD Explosives Safety Board B DOD Instructions Operation of the Defense Acquisition System B DOD Handbooks Military Handbook: Lighting on Naval Ships B-2.2. B JOINT SERVICES. Joint Publications Joint Shipboard Helicopter Operations B-2.3. B OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY (SECNAV). SECNAV Instructions (SECNAVINST) Department of the Navy Information Security Program. B-2.4. B OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (OPNAV). OPNAV Instructions (OPNAVINST) Special Incident Reporting (OPREP-3, Navy Blue, and Unit SITREP) Procedures B-1

154 Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy Vessels Clearance Procedures for Visits to United States Ports by Foreign Naval and Public Personnel Qualifications Standards (PQS) Program Operational Risk Management Small Arms Training and Qualification Naval Aviation Safety Management System Ship s Maintenance Material Management (3-M) Manual Environmental Readiness Program Manual Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program, Manual for Forces Afloat Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual Department of the Navy Physical Security Instruction for Conventional Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (AA&E) Department of the Navy Physical Security and Law Enforcement Program Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program (NOMMP) [supersedes OPNAVINST Naval Airborne Weapons Maintenance Program (NAWMP)] Department of the Navy Explosives Safety Management Program Naval Personnel Ammunition and Explosives Handling Qualification and Certification (QUAL/CERT) Program Naval Responsibilities for Explosive Ordnance Disposal B Navy Tactcs, Techniques and Procedures (NTTP) Underway Replenishment B-2

155 B-2.5. B BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (BUMED) NAVMED Publications. P Manual of the Medical Department for the U.S. Navy B-2.6. B COMMANDER NAVAL AIR FORCES (COMNAVAIRFOR). COMNAVAIRFOR Instructions (COMNAVAIRFORINST) Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP) (formerly OPNAVINST ) B-2.7. B NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVAIRSYSCOM). NAVAIR Publications. AG (series) - Periodic Maintenance 00-80R-14 - U.S. Navy Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue NATOPS Manual 00-80T CV NATOPS Manual 00-80T LHA/LPH/LHD NATOPS Manual 00-80T CV NATOPS Manual for the Flight Deck and Hangar Deck 00-80T Helicopter Operating Procedures for Air-Capable Ships Ammunition for Navy 20mm/25mm Aircraft Guns: Description, Characteristics, Safety, Maintenance and Packaging Pyrotechnic Screening, Marking and Countermeasure Devices (series) - AWSE Operational and Maintenance Manuals (series) - AWSE Maintenance Requirements Cards 11-75A-92 - Rocket Systems 2.75-Inch and 5.0-Inch: Description, Safety, Service and Handling Instructions Intermediate Maintenance with Illustrated Parts Breakdown 11-85M-2 - Description, Preparation for Use and Handling Instructions, Rocket Motor (JATO) Technical Manual for Cartridge and Propellant Actuated Devices Bomb Airborne Weapon Assembly Manual B-3

156 Air-Intercept Missile Airborne Weapon Assembly Manual Activities Air-Ground Missiles (Tactical) Organizational and Intermediate Maintenance Air-Launched Guided Missile Training Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual: Pyrotechnics and Expendable Countermeasures CBU Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual Paveway II/III GBU Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual Armament Weapons Support Equipment Configuration Manual (Organizational and Intermediate Maintenance Activities) , Volume 2 - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Periodic Proofload Testing of Weapons Support Equipment 17-35MTL-1 - Metrology Requirements List (METRL) 17-35TR-8 - Technical Requirements for Calibration Labels and Tags Approved Handling Equipment for Weapons and Explosives (2 Volumes) B NAVAIR Air Requirements (AR) Air Requirement, Handling 68 - Air Requirement, Packing B-2.8. B NAVAL EDUCATION TRAINING (NAVEDTRA). NAVEDTRA Courses Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) Unit Coordinator s Guide courses) Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) Catalog (listing of all active NAVEDTRA Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) for Weapons/Cargo Elevators Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) for Decoy Launching System (DLS) B-4

157 Magazine Protection Systems Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) for Engineering Journeyman Covering Watchstations 305, 306 and 307) Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) for Engineering Collaterals and Qualifications (covering Watchstations 307 and 308) B-2.9. B NAVAL ORDNANCE SAFETY AND SECURITY ACTIVITY (NOSSA). NOSSA Instructions (NOSSAINST) Explosive Safety Afloat Program Shipboard Explosives Safety Inspection (SESI) B NAVAL PACKAGING, HANDLING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION (PHST) CENTER B Portable Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) Allowance and Inventory Reports - For Amphibious Warfare Ships (formerly PHSTINST series) - For Combatant Ships (formerly PHSTINST series) - For Combat Logistics Force (CLF) Ships (formerly PHSTINST series) B PHST Technical Memorandum PHST Mobile Grove Crane (YB4410) Shipboard Handling Procedures for Lowering and Lifting Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) Containers, NATO SEA SPARROW Missile (NSSM) Containers, and Close-In Weapons System (CWIS) Palletized 20MM Ammunition Unit Loads Aboard Naval Aircraft Carriers B NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEASYSCOM). B NAVSEA Instructions (NAVSEAINST) Department of Navy Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB) DOD Ammunition and Explosives Hazard Classification Procedures Naval Lithium Battery Safety Program B-5

158 B NAVSEA Ordnance Documents (OD) Safety Principles for Operations Involving Electro-Explosive Devices (EEDs) Volume 2 (SOF Supplement) - Firing Craft Operating Procedures and Checklists for Special Operations Forces (SOF) B NAVSEA Ordnance Pamphlets (OP). 5 Volume 1 - Ammunition and Explosives Ashore Approved Handling Equipment for Weapons and Explosives (2 volumes) 3221/TM Loading and Stowage of Military Ammunition and Explosives Aboard Breakbulk Merchant Ships 3565 Volume 1 - Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel and Other Flammable Material) 3565 Volume 2 - Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards to Ordnance 3703 Volume 1 - Swimmer Weapons Systems, System Summary 3703 Volume 3, Part 3 - Limpet, Mk 4 Mod 0 and Practice Limpet, Mk 4 Mod 0: Description, Operation and Maintenance Procedures 3703 Volume 3, Part 5 - Seal Weapons System: Limpet, Mk 5 Mod 0 and Practice Limpet, Mk 6 Mod 0: Description, Operation and Maintenance Procedures B NAVSEA Ordnance Requirements (OR) Ordnance Requirement, Handling 68 - Ordnance Requirement, Packing 99 - Intermediate and Depot Maintenance Instructions B NAVSEA Naval Radioactive Material Permit (NRMP) LINP - Navy and Marine Corps Ordnance Depleted Uranium Penetrators B NAVSEA Technical Manuals. S6340-AA-MMA OTTO Fuel II, Safety, Storage and Handling Instructions B-6

159 S9000-AB-GTP Shipboard Safety and Damage Control Facilities for Stowage of Hypergolic Fueled Missiles and Fuel-Air-Explosive (FAE) Bombs S9086-XG-STM-010/CH Shipboard Ammunition Handling and Stowage S9AAO-AB-GOS General Specifications for Overhaul of Surface Ships, Including the AEGIS Supplement S9310-AQ-SAF Batteries, Navy Lithium Safety Program and Procedures Handbook S9522-AA-HBK Magazine Sprinkler Systems: Description, Operation and Maintenance S9571-AA-MMA Underway Replenishment: Ordnance Handling Equipment and Transfer Units SG420-AP-MMA Periodic Testing Arrangements for Ordnance Handling Equipment SG420-BA-WHS-010 (All CVN Ships) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air-Launched (Non-Nuclear) Weapons SG420-BJ-WHS-010/020(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-70) [Confidential Document] SG420-B5-WHS Technical Manual for Handling and Stowage of Air-Launched Weapons Aboard Amphibious Ships SG420-B9-WHS-010/020(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-71) [Confidential Document] SG420-CP-WHS Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-72) SG420-CU-MMO-010/020 - Air Launched Weapons Handling and Stowage (CVN-68) SG420-CY-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-74) [Confidential Document] SG420-C3-WHS Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Aviation Ordnance Aboard Surface Combatant Ships SG420-DB-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-69) [Confidential Document] SG420-DC-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-75) [Confidential Document] B-7

160 SG420-DD-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-76) [Confidential Document] SG420-DM-WHS Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air-Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-77) SG420-DP-WHS Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air-Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-73) SG575-AC-MMA Multiple All-Up Round Canister (MAC): Description, Maintenance, Loading and Handling SG827-AF-MMO Portable Monorail Hoist, Pneumatic Powered SG827-AV-MMM Pneumatic Operated Monorail Hoist SO400-AD-URM-010/TUM - Tag-Out User s Manual SW010-AB-GTP United States Navy Ammunition: Historical and Functional Data SW010-AD-GTP Small Arms and Special Warfare Ammunition SW010-AF-ORD Identification of Ammunition SW020-AC-SAF Transportation and Storage Data for Ammunition, Explosives, and Related Hazardous Materials (formerly NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 2 and NAVSEA OP 2165 Volume 2) SW020-AD-SAF Explosives Safety Accidents and Lessons Learned (formerly NAVSEA OP 1014 and NAVSEA OP 3347) SW020-AG-SAF Navy Transportation Safety Manual for Ammunition, Explosives, and Related Hazardous Materials (formerly NAVSEA OP 2165, Volume 1) SW023-AH-WHM-010 (formerly NAVSEA OP 4098) - Handling Ammunition and Explosives With Industrial Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) SW023-AJ-WHS Handling and Stowage of Amphibious Assault Ammunition Aboard Amphibious Ships (formerly NAVSEA OP 4550) SW024-AA-IDS Portable Magazine Ship Interface Considerations SW030-AA-MMO Navy Gun Ammunition SW050-AB-MMA Pyrotechnic Screening, Marking, and Countermeasure Devices SW050-AC-ORD Toxic Hazards Associated with Pyrotechnic Items B-8

161 SW060-AA-MMA-010/020 - Demolition Materials (2 Volumes) SW073-AC-MMA Miscellaneous Chemical Munitions SW221-AU-MMD Close-In Weapon System Mk 15 Mod 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27 and 28; Installation Drawing Package (formerly OD 56170) SW221-BF-MMO Close-In Weapons System (CIWS), Mk 15 Mods 11 through 14, Phalanx, Block I, Baseline 1 and 2, and Block IA (Maintenance) SW221-BH-MMO Integrated Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) for Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), Mk 15 Mods 21, 22, 25 thru 28; Phalanx Block 1B (Phalanx) SW221-JO-MMO Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), Mk 15 Mods 11 through 14 SW300-BC-SAF Safety Manual for Clearing of Live Ammunition for Guns SW360-AE-BIM Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board Approved Mounts and Guns for Navy Special Warfare Craft. SW393-C0-MMM-A10 - Decoy Launching System, Mk 53 Mods 3, 4, 5 and 6; Description, Operation, Maintenance and Illustrated Parts Breakdown SW810-BO-MMO Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM), Guided Missile Round Pack, Mk 44 and Guided Missile Round Pack, Mk 47: Description and Handling T9074-AD-GIB Fabrication, Welding and Inspection of Submarine Structure (formerly MIL-STD-1688A (SH) for HY80/HY100) T9500-AA-PRO NAVSEA Design Practices and Criteria Manual for Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Heating of Surface Ships B Naval Ships Technical Manuals (NSTM). S9086-CH-STM-010, Chapter Welding and Allied Processes S9086-CH-STM-020, Chapter Non-Destructive Testing of Metals: Qualification and Certification Requirements for Naval Personnel S9086-CH-STM-030, Chapter Gas-Free Engineering S9086-CN-STM-010, Chapter Damage Control, Stability and Buoyancy S9086-CN-STM-020, Chapter Damage Control, Practical Damage Control B-9

162 S9086-CN-STM-030, Chapter Damage Control, Engineering Casualty Control S9086-RJ-STM-000, Chapter Pressure, Temperature and Other Mechanical and Electromechanical Measuring Instruments S9086-RK-STM-010, Chapter Piping Systems S9086-SX-STM-010, Chapter Industrial Gases; Generating, Handling and Storage S9086-S3-STM-010, Chapter Surface Ship Firefighting S9086-S3-STM-020, Chapter Submarine Firefighting S9086-TK-STM-010, Chapter Underway Replenishment S9086-TL-STM-010, Chapter Shipboard Stores and Provision Handling S9086-TM-STM-010, Chapter Cargo Booms 9086-T3-STM-010, Chapter Aircraft Elevators S9086-T4-STM-010, Chapter Cranes S9086-XG-STM-010, Chapter Shipboard Ammunition Handling and Stowage S9086-ZN-STM-010, Chapter Cargo and Weapons Elevators 0378-LP Overhead Monorail System (LHD Class) 0920-LP Crane System (Sideport) (LHA Class) 0978-LP Hand Operated Trolley Hoists. B NAVAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSUPSYSCOM). B NAVSUP Publications Management of Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) Navy Logistics Library User Guide P-485, Volume III - Ashore Supply (Replaces NAVSUP Publication MILSTRIP/ MILSTRAP Operating Procedures Manual) ) P Conventional Ordnance Management; Policies and Procedures (formerly SPCCINST B-10

163 P Ammunition Unserviceable Suspended and Limited Use (formerly NAVSEA TW024- AA-ORD-010) P Navy Ammunition Logistic Code (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AA-ORD-030) P Index to Navy Ammunition Stock (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AA-ORD-010) P Stock List of Navy Ammunition Data Supplement (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AA- ORD-020) P Navy and Marine Corps Conventional Ammunition Sentencing Receipt, Segregation, Storage and Issue Sentencing (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AC-ORD-010 and NAVSUP P-807) B NAVAL WARFARE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (NWDC) The following document can be accessed through the Navy Knowledge Online ( accessed via the Navy Warfare Library B Navy Tactical Reference Publications (NTRP) NTRP Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries (formerly NAVMED P-5041) B MILITARY STANDARDS. B DOD Military Standards Marking for Shipment and Storage 167/1 - Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Type I - Environment and Type II - Internally Excited) 167/2 - Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Reciprocating Machinery and Propulsion System and Shafting) Types III, IV and V (Controlled Distribution) Standard Practice for Systems Safety Standard Practice for Shipboard Bonding, Grounding, and other Techniques for Electromagnetic, Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Mitigation, Compatibility and Safety Department of Defense Criteria Standard: Human Engineering Interface Standard for Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System B-11

164 B Navy Military Standards Standard Practice for Designing Unit Loads, Truckloads, Railcar and Intermodal Loads for Ammunition and Explosives Items General Design Criteria for Handling Equipment Associated with Weapons and Related Loading Hazardous Materials in MILVAN Containers Fire Resistance of U.S. Naval Surface Ships B MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND (MSC). B MSC Instructions (MSCINST) Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management (SAMM) B MSC Technical Manuals TW023-AB-WHS Handling and Stowage of Ammunition Aboard MSC Class Ships B PROGRAM EXECUTIVE OFFICER, INTEGRATED WARFARE SYSTEMS (PEOIWS). B PEOIWS Instructions (PEOIWSINST). Precepts Rolling Airframe Missile Mk 31 Guided Missile Weapon System Safety and Design B STRATEGIC SYSTEMS PROGRAM OFFICE (SSP). B SSP Instructions (SSPINST) Strategic Systems Programs Welding Restrictions B-3. STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT ORDER DESK. The following military handbooks, specifications and other standardization documents are available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA B-3.1. MILITARY HANDBOOKS (MIL-HDBK) Electrical Grounding for Aircraft Safety Grounding, Bonding and Shielding for Electronic Equipment and Facilities B-12

165 B-3.2. MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS. FF-S Seals, Antipilferage MIL-C Crate, Pallet, Ammunition MIL-F Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Liquid Concentrate, for Fresh and Seawater MIL-H Hasp, High Security, Shrouded for Shipboard Doors and Hatches Using High and Medium Security Padlock MIL-I Indicators, Temperature, Direct-Reading, Bimetallic MIL-L Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated MIL-DTL Padlock, Key Operated, High Security, Shrouded Shackle MIL-DTL Detail Specification Magazine, Portable (Shipboard). MIL-PRF Deck Covering, Lightweight, Nonship, Abrasive Particle Coated Fabric, Film or Composite and Sealing Compound (formerly MIL-D-17951) MIL-PRF Coating System, Non-Skid for Roll, Spray, or Self-Adhering Application (formerly MIL-D-24483) MIL-S Shock Tests, High - Impact Shipboard Machinery, Equipment and Systems; Requirements for B-4. SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C ; Telephone (202) B-4.1. CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR). Labor: 29, Part Occupational Safety and Health Standards Navigation and Navigable Waters: 33, Part 1 - Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security 33, Part 3 - Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army 33, Part Handling of Dangerous Cargo at Waterfront Facilities B-13

166 Protection of the Environment: 40, Part Protection of Environment, Ocean Dumping Criteria Shipping: 46, Part 3 - Designation of Oceanographic Research Vessels 46, Part 6 - Waivers of Navigation and Vessel Inspection Laws and Regulations 46, Part Hazardous Ships Stores 46, Part Handling, Use and Control of Explosives and Other Hazardous Materials 46, Part Operations 46, Part Lifesaving Systems for Certain Inspected Vessels Transportation: 49, Part General Information, Regulations and Definitions 49, Part Hazardous Materials Tables, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information, and Training Requirements 49, Part Shippers - General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings 49, Part Carriage by Aircraft 49, Part Carriage by Vessel B-5. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM). The following document can be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Drive, West Conshohocken, PA F Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment and Facilities B-6. BUREAU OF EXPLOSIVES (BOE). The following publication is published by the Bureau of Explosives, 50 F Street, NW., Washington, D.C B-6.1. BOE TARIFF. BOE Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation B-14

167 N B-7. MARINE CORPS (MC). Requests for Marine Corps publications should be directed to CMC (HQSP-2), Washington, D.C , and should be submitted in accordance with the current edition of MCO P Operational Risk Management (ORM) Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Program Materiel Handling, Transportation, Storage, Reclassification and Disposal of Class V (W) Personnel Qualification and Certification Program for Class V Ammunition and Explosives P Marine Corps Ground Mishap Reporting P Marine Corps Table of Allowances for Class V (W) Materiel (Peacetime) B-8. UNDERWRITER S LABORATORY. The following standard is available from Underwriter s Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062; Telephone (312) B-8.1. UL STANDARD. 96A - Standard for Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems Grounding and Bonding Equipment B-9. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION. The following publication is available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London, U.K SE1-7SR. Publication E - International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code B-10. SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. The following specification is available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA Phone number is (724) B SAE SPECIFICATIONS AS Strap, Tiedown, Electrical Components, Adjustable, Self-Clinching, Plastic, Type I, Class I (replaces MS3367 which is inactive for new procurement). B-11. STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT (STANAG). The following STANAG may be accessed through (AECP-2) - NATO Naval Radio and Radar Radiation Hazard Manual Policy for Introduction, Assessment Testing for Insensitive Munitions (MURAT) B-15/(B-16 Blank)

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169 APPENDIX C LANDING FORCE AMMUNITION COMPATIBILITY C-1. GENERAL. This appendix further amplifies the landing force ammunition stowage compatibility requirements identified in paragraph aboard amphibious warfare ships. Table C-1 provides a list of examples of ammunition compatibility, by Naval Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC), for each ammunition group. C-2. AMMUNITION GROUPS. Table 3-5 identifies only 8 of 13 stowage compatibility groups normally found aboard ship and when applying table 3-5, the compatibility groups are broken down into six ammunition groups. Each ammunition group allows NALCs from different compatibility groups to be stowed together. This helps the load planner stow landing force ammunition and explosives aboard his ship. An example of how this helps the load planner is ammunition group CC. When bombs only are stowed in ammunition group CC, it is limited to 11 of the listed NALCs. However, by adding hazard class S, the amount of NALCs is increased to 137 in the compatibility checklist. A brief explanation of each ammunition group is below, starting with the most restrictive. a. AMMUNTION GROUP EE contains the most restrictive ammunition and is stowed in jettisonable lockers on amphibious ships. Thermite (TH) ammunition is in this group and must be stowed in jettisonable lockers. b. AMMUNITION GROUP FF is the most restrictive ammunition group stowed within the skin of the ship. The use of portable plywood bulkheads is not authorized to segregate this type of ammunition group. It consists of white phosphorous (WP) filled ammunition, compatibility group H. Remember that HC smoke and small arms ammunition of compatibility groups G and S may be stowed with WP. c. AMMUNITION GROUP DD consists of demolition materials in compatibility group D. These materials range from ¼-pound. blocks of C4 high explosives to 170-foot linear charges for clearing mine fields. Only demolition charges may be stowed in this ammunition group. d. AMMUNITION GROUP CC consists of bombs in compatibility group D. These are primarily aviation in nature. Compatibility group S may be stowed in this group. Bombs must be stowed in this ammunition group. e. AMMUNTION GROUP BB consists of fuzes, detonators, blasting caps, small arms and small arms primers in compatibility groups B and S. Compatibility group B must be stowed in this ammunition group. f. AMMUNITION GROUP AA consists of the remaining items of ammunition and explosives not already stowed. It consists of compatibility groups, C, D, E, F, G and S. C-1

170 Table C-1. Examples of Ammunition Compatibility Using Ammunition Groups Aboard Amphibious Ships AMMUNITION GROUP M966 PL23 SS16 AA04 A023 A168 A576 A990 B577 DA12 EB05 G214 HA07 K092 L272 L553 MG30 MM91 MW86 MM14 PL53 SS17 AA06 A024 A171 A598 A991 B584 DA13 EB33 G215 HA16 K143 L273 L554 MG31 MM92 M012 M845 PL61 SS45 AA11 A059 A191 A605 BA07 B627 DWBS EB38 G216 HA27 K180 L275 L580 MG32 MM93 M015 M852 PL87 SS46 AA12 A063 A255 A606 BA08 B642 DWCI EB59 G217 HA28 K181 L283 L585 MG33 MN08 M162 M905 PL89 WA83 AA19 A064 A257 A607 BWFA B643 D003 EWAA G382 HX05 K867 L302 L592 MG34 MN29 M174 N285 PL95 WF10 AA21 A066 A260 A608 BY30 B647 D501 EWAB G815 HX06 K870 L304 L594 MG35 MN79 M190 N286 PU16 WF15 AA27 A068 A358 A659 B504 B650 D503 EWAF G826 HX07 LA01 L305 L598 MG36 MS63 M193 N289 PV14 XW36 AA29 A071 A360 A665 B505 C380 D505 EW76 G839 HY71 LA02 L306 L599 MG37 MS64 M232 N290 PV15 XW70 AA30 A075 A362 A675 B506 C384 D509 EW92 G874 H567 LA10 L307 L601 MG38 MS66 M308 N291 PV18 XW78 AA31 A080 A363 A676 B508 C385 D510 E069 G881 H812 LW53 L311 MD15 MG39 MS67 M363 N340 PV30 XW79 AA50 A086 A400 A692 B509 C386 D514 E893 G911 H942 LW60 L312 MD16 MG40 MT23 M500 N523 PV47 1W18 AA61 A102 A406 A772 B519 C445 D515 E913 G922 H892 LW62 L314 MD17 MG59 MT85 M543 N659 PV66 2W04 AA65 A106 A450 A777 B534 C449 D529 FW92 G924 H893 LX21 L323 MD18 MG61 MT95 M596 PB55 PV67 2W05 AA89 A111 A475 A862 B535 C484 D532 FW98 G930 H930 L118 L324 MD33 MG67 MU44 M597 PB69 PV74 2W89 AA90 A112 A483 A896 B542 C787 D533 F392 G940 H931 L131 L328 MD54 MH88 MU45 M627 PB92 PV76 3W80 AX11 A124 A518 A974 B546 C791 D540 F470 G945 H933 L132 L378 MD65 MJ21 MU46 M630 PC06 PV82 3W92 AX14 A127 A552 A975 B567 C868 D541 F534 G950 H943 L133 L441 MF21 MJ91 MW02 M644 PC91 PV89 4W61 AY04 A130 A553 A976 B568 C869 D544 F562 G955 J143 L161 L442 MF60 ML03 MW19 M647 PD15 SS A005 A131 A555 A978 B569 C870 D563 F739 G963 J147 L193 L451 MF72 MM55 MW29 M648 PD63 SS12 7W69 A011 A136 A557 A979 B571 C871 D564 F810 G982 J271 L225 L495 MF78 MM56 MW37 M670 PE42 SS13 9W22 A014 A140 A562 A981 B572 C875 D579 GG04 HA03 J329 L227 L518 MF97 MM57 MW56 M682 PE43 SS14 9W23 A017 A165 A570 A982 B576 C995 EA65 G213 HA06 J345 L258 L540 MG29 MM58 MW80 M688 PE96 SS15 9W24 AMMUNITION GROUP BB AA11 A005 A068 A127 A260 B534 FW92 G839 MF60 MM55 MS63 MW29 M630 N289 SS17 AA12 A011 A071 A130 A360 EA65 FW98 G878 MG29 MM56 MS64 MW56 M644 N290 SS45 AA19 A014 A075 A131 A362 EB05 F739 HY71 MG30 MM57 MS66 MW80 M648 N291 SS46 AA21 A017 A080 A136 A363 EB33 F810 J329 MG39 MM58 MS67 MW86 M670 N331 XW70 AA29 A023 A086 A140 A400 EB38 G213 K092 MG40 MM59 MT23 M130 M766 N659 XW78 AA30 A024 A102 A165 A406 EW76 G214 MD15 MG61 MM91 MU44 M131 M845 SS12 XW79 AA31 A059 A106 A171 A475 EW92 G215 MD16 MH88 MM92 MU45 M193 M852 SS13 1W18 AX11 A063 A111 A191 A483 E069 G216 MD17 ML03 MM93 MU46 M232 M905 SS14 7W69 AX14 A064 A112 A255 BWFA E893 G217 MD18 ML65 MN08 MW02 M500 N285 SS15 9W22 AY04 A066 A124 A257 BY30 E913 G382 MD33 ML83 MN29 MW19 M627 N286 SS16 AMMUNTION GROUP C A406 EW76 FW92 G839 MD33 MM56 MS64 MW56 M670 SS16 AA11 AY04 A064 A111 A171 A475 EW92 FW98 HY71 MF60 MM57 MS66 MW80 M766 SS17 AA12 A005 A066 A112 A191 A483 E069 F288 J004 MG29 MM58 MS67 MW86 M845 SS45 AA19 A011 A068 A124 A255 BWFA E488 F289 K133 MG30 MM59 MT23 M193 M853 SS46 AA21 A014 A071 A127 A257 BY30 E510 G213 K295 MG39 MM91 MU44 M232 N905 XW70 AA29 A017 A075 A130 A260 B534 E892 G214 K301 MG40 MM92 MU45 M500 N289 XW78 AA30 A023 A080 A131 A360 EA56 E893 G215 MD15 MG61 MM93 MU46 M627 SS12 XW79 AA31 A024 A086 A136 A362 EA65 E895 G216 MG16 MH88 MN08 MW02 M630 SS13 1W18 AX11 A059 A102 A140 A363 EB33 E913 G217 MD17 ML03 MN29 MW19 M644 SS14 7W69 AX14 A063 A106 A165 A400 EB38 E917 G382 MD18 MM55 MS63 MW29 M648 SS15 9W22 AMMUNITION GROUP DD M457 M913 M984 ML04 ML12 ML17 MM26 MM31 MM38 MM43 MM48 MN33 MU43 M023 M031 M485 M976 M986 ML05 ML13 ML18 MM27 MM32 MM39 MM44 MM51 MN34 MW52 M024 M032 M591 M977 M995 ML09 ML14 ML19 MM28 MM33 MM40 MM45 MM52 MU40 MW53 M028 M420 M757 M980 M996 ML10 ML15 ML25 MM29 MM34 MM41 MM46 MM53 MU41 MW82 M029 M421 M791 M981 M997 ML11 ML16 MM24 MM30 MM35 MM42 MM47 MM54 MU42 MW84 M030 M456 M792 M982 M998 AMMUNITION GROUP EE G900 M598 M601 INERT AA20 EA68 H308 M001 AA55 E511 H663 M002 A060 E808 H886 M097 A135 E894 H945 M098 A159 E962 H946 M165 A162 E973 JW01 M474 A359 FW25 JW83 M475 A501 FW44 J136 M476 A560 FW90 J416 M477 A844 FW95 J433 M478 A924 F017 J434 M479 A929 F411 LW02 M480 A931 F415 LW05 M481 A966 F417 LW20 M482 A967 F448 LW25 M483 A968 F763 LX11 M484 BWBG F766 LY15 M486 BWHC F768 LY53 M487 B472 F780 LY57 M914 CWCD F782 L111 NW20 CWCG F919 L431 NW33 CWDC GG05 ML06 PN16 DWBG GW03 MN11 XWS7 DWBH G130 MN12 XW38 DWBI HW01 MW14 XW73 DWBJ HW02 MW28 1W73 DWBK HW49 MW38 1W82 DWBY H121 MW49 2W12 DWCF H122 MW85 5W32 EA11 H142 MX14 AMMUNITION GROUP FF A136 A360 A576 C477 EW92 G217 MD15 MG39 MM58 MS64 MW19 M627 M905 SS45 AA06 AA31 A014 A066 A106 A140 A362 A577 D528 F069 G382 MD16 MG40 MM59 MS66 MW29 M630 N289 SS46 AA11 AA50 A017 A068 A111 A165 A363 A606 D550 FW92 G839 MD17 MG61 MM91 MS67 MW56 M644 SS12 XW70 AA12 AX11 A023 A071 A112 A171 A400 A607 EA65 FW98 G930 MD18 MH88 MM92 MT23 MW80 M648 SS13 XW78 AA19 AX14 A024 A075 A124 A191 A406 A608 EB05 G213 G937 MD33 ML03 MM93 MU44 MW86 M670 SS14 XW79 AA21 AY04 A059 A080 A127 A255 A475 BY30 EB33 G214 HY71 MF60 MM55 MN08 MU45 M193 M766 SS15 1W18 AA29 A005 A063 A086 A130 A257 A483 B534 EB38 G215 H929 MG29 MM56 MN29 MU46 M232 M845 SS16 7W79 AA30 A011 A064 A102 A131 A260 A562 B646 EW76 G216 K867 MG30 MM57 MS63 MW02 M500 M852 SS17 9W22 This is not all inclusive compatibility checklist. However, it does contain 626 NALCs frequently found on amphibious ships. Bold NALCs like C870 must be stowed in the pyrotechnic locker if available. LPDs are authorized to stow these NALCs with AMMUNITION GROUP AA below decks. C-2

171 APPENDIX D SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES D-1. GENERAL. This appendix identifies the appropriate danger signs, such as warnings, cautions, etc., and safety precautions shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of the meaning and intent of all danger signs and safety precautions. The following signs, placards, hazard identifications and markings, and safety precaution label plates shall be clearly identified where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. D-2. AMMUNITION FAR SIDE SIGNS. The words, AMMUNITION FAR SIDE, as shown in figure D-1, shall be posted on the external side of all boundaries of ammunition stowage spaces, except for those outside surfaces which are visible from the exterior of the ship or interior surfaces with special decorative material. They shall be paint-stenciled labels, painted signs, or permanently affixed adhesive reflective labels with a yellow rectangle, a minimum of 5 inches high by 9 inches wide. Black slanted lines are required along the top and bottom edges, not to obscure the letters. Letters shall be black, a minimum of 1/8-inch thick and 3/4-inch high. Markings on bulkheads shall be placed 5 feet above the deck and spaced 12 feet apart horizontally, if possible. Markings on decks and overheads shall be spaced 12 feet apart, if possible. Deck markings shall be placed to maximize visibility and in places where labels will not be destroyed during normal ship operations. All measurements are approximate and may be adjusted slightly where required. FIGURE D-1. Sample AMMUNITION FAR SIDE Sign or Label D-1

172 D-3. OTHER SIGNS AND PLACARDS. Appropriate signs and placards shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are handled and stowed. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of their meaning and intent. D-3.1. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO) WARNING SYMBOLS AND LABELS. HERO warning labels shall be posted at any location where radar equipment or other possible sources of electromagnetic radiation might create the potential for premature initiation of ordnance. Warning labels shall be affixed to portable and mobile radios. Refer to NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR Volume 2 for detailed HERO information. D-3.2. GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR MAGAZINE AND LOCKERS PLACARD. An explosives safety precaution placard will be conspicuously posted upon entry in all shipboard magazines and directly on all lockers. The Standardized General Safety Regulations for Magazines and Lockers placard is shown in figure D-2. Some weapons may require special stowage instructions unique to the weapon. Program Managers for these weapons are required to provide and maintain the unique precautionary information to supplement the standardized placard shown in figure D-2. D-3.3. GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR ORDNANCE HANDLING PLACARD. An explosives safety precaution placard will be conspicuously posted in all shipboard ordnance handling areas. The Standardized General Safety Regulations for Ordnance Handling placard is shown in figure D-3. Some weapons may require special handling instructions unique to the weapon. Program Managers for these weapons are required to provide and maintain the unique precautionary information to supplement the standardized placard shown in figure D-3, which is available through the local supply system. D-3.4. WHITE PHOSPHORUS (WP) SAFETY PLACARD. The safety precautions and treatment for white phosphorus (WP) injuries shall be posted in the vicinity of authorized stowage locations when stowing WP-loaded munitions as mission load, shipfill or landing force ammunition allowance. A 5% bicarbonate solution (one cup sodium bicarbonate dissolved in a gallon of water) shall be available in areas where WP is stowed, handled or assembled. Figures D-4 and D-5 depict an example of each placard type. D-3.5. NON-SPRINKLED BELOW DECK LOCKER PLACARD. A placard shall be posted on the hatch (door) of each non-sprinkled below deck locker that states: "Un-Sprinkled Ordnance Locker Max: 5 Pounds NEW of Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or less hazardous material." D-3.6. DEPLETED URANIUM (DU) SAFETY SIGNS. Magazines and ready-service lockers located on the weather deck that are approved to stow the Mk 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) containing DU ammunition will be posted on the exterior of the outside door with a "Safety Precaution, CIWS Mk 15 Ammunition Handling" sign, figure D-6. Likewise, magazines below the weather deck used for the stowage of DU ammunition shall be posted with the standard, "Caution: Radioactive Material," sign on the magazine entrance. D-3.7. OTTO FUEL II SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS. Otto Fuel II is a liquid monopropellant used in the propulsion of Mk 46, Mk 48, and Mk 54 Torpedoes. All personnel concerned with the receipt, handling, transporting, stowage and use of Otto Fuel II shall observe the health and safety precautions D-2

173 documented in NAVSEA S6340-AA-MMA-010. Additionally, NAVSEA S6340-AA-MMA-010 identifies the "Safety Instructions for Otto Fuel II" which shall be posted at all locations where it is handled or stowed. D-3.8. PYROTECHNIC AMMUNITION SAFETY PLACARD. A pyrotechnic ammunition safety precautions placard, figure D-7, shall be posted on all authorized pyrotechnic stowage spaces or pyrotechnic lockers. Likewise water-activated pyrotechnic ammunition stowed in an authorized sprinkled magazine or locker shall have a warning placard, figure D-8, posted on the door. D-4. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND MARKINGS. The following hazard identification and markings shall be clearly identified where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. D-4.1. DANGER STAND CLEAR OF LAUNCHER DECK AREA. For launcher areas, a "DANGER STAND CLEAR OF LAUNCHER DECK AREA" sign shall be conspicuously located on each side of the launcher deck. These signs must be stenciled in 2-inch white letters centered on a red, rectangular background. The red background height and width will be determined by the particular ship s available deck area. D-4.2. DANGER CIRCLE. The Weapons Program Manager, in conjunction with NAVSEASYSCOM, is required to establish a danger circle around power-driven systems, such as gun mounts, turrets, gun/missile directors and missile launchers. The circles shall meet the following requirements: a. The danger area shall be encircled by a painted red line, 4 inches wide. The inside of the red line shall be approximately 18 inches from the maximum rotating projection of the armament. b. The danger area shall be labeled by painting the words DANGER AREA in 2-inch high white letters, centered within the 4-inch wide red circle line described in subparagraph a. The words DANGER AREA shall be repeated around the circle every 4 feet. c. All ship s structures that come in contact with the 4-inch wide red line and vertical extension of the line to a height of 7 feet shall be labeled with the words DANGER AREA by painting 2-inch high red letters, centered on the area, and its extremities at a height of 5 feet from the deck. The danger circle markings shall be extended to adjacent horizontal or near-horizontal surface where personnel could potentially stand or sit. It is not required to connect the arc across vertical surfaces to form a continuous connected circle. NOTE Without changing embedded functions the following applies: d. If the danger circle falls inside of or on a gun tub enclosure, the outside of the enclosures shall be labeled by painting a 4-inch wide danger circle with 2-inch high letters spelling DANGER CIRCLE centered in the circle line. The top of the danger circle shall be in line with the upper edge of the gun tub and shall be painted as described in subparagraphs b and c. D-3

174 GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR MAGAZINES AND LOCKERS (REFER TO NAVSEA OP 4 FOR DETAILED REQUIREMENTS) 1. No smoking, matches, lighters or open flames. 2. No hot work allowed in this space or to its boundaries. 3. No eating or drinking. 4. No alterations or modifications to this space without prior COMNAVSEASYSCOM approval. 5. This space shall be kept clean. 6. No unauthorized equipment shall be used in this space. 7. No other material shall be stowed in this space with ordnance. 8. Any unusual conditions of the ordnance such as leaks, moisture damage, odors or shifting in stowage shall be reported to supervisory personnel immediately. 9. No safety device shall be bypassed. 10. All ordnance shall be secured against ship s movement. Ordnance shall be stowed in designated stowage spaces only. 11. Magazine temperature shall not exceed the limits for the stowed ordnance. FIGURE D-2. Standardized General Safety Regulations for Magazines and Lockers Placard D-4

175 GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR ORDNANCE HANDLING (REFER TO NAVSEA OP 4 FOR DETAILED REQUIREMENTS) 1. A supervisor certified in accordance with OPNAVINST (series) shall be present prior to starting handling operations. 2. An ordnance handling pre-brief shall be conducted prior to starting handling operations. 3. Personnel present shall be kept to a minimum. 4. Handling of ordnance shall be kept to a minimum. 5. Only authorized equipment that has been properly maintained shall be used. 6. Competition with other handling parties is prohibited. 7. Horseplay is prohibited. 8. Do not drop, bump, or hit ordnance. Do not strike ordnance with handling gear. 9. All handling equipment shall completely engage the ordnance suspension lugs or ordnance handling points. Supervisors shall verify complete engagement prior to lift or movement. 10. A minimum of two persons must be present to move ordnance. 11. Ordnance should not be left unattended on handling equipment. If it is necessary to do so, the ordnance and the equipment must be secured with tiedowns. 12. Do not move armed or damaged ordnance. Notify supervisory personnel immediately. 13. Bale hooks are not authorized in handling areas. All hooks shall be moused. 14. Never use cargo nets alone to handle ordnance. 15. Personnel shall be assigned to guide ordnance through scuttles or hatches. 16. Set HERO EMCON in accordance with the ship s HERO bill prior to handling ordnance. FIGURE D-3. Standardized General Safety Regulations for Ordnance Handling Placard D-5

176 GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WHITE PHOSPHORUS (WP) 1. All WP projectiles shall be stowed nose up to prevent them from becoming unbalanced should the filler melt and subsequently solidify. 2. WP must be stowed where temperatures can be maintained below 100 F because it melts at 110 F. 3. WP ammunition shall be handled carefully so it may retain its airtight seal. 4. WP will spontaneously ignite if exposed to air. If combustion occurs in a confined space, the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the space will not be sufficient to support life. Further, high concentrations of the vapors produced by burning WP are irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and skin. 5. WP vapors and fires can best be controlled by complete immersion of the leaking item in a tank of water which shall be kept available in the magazine or the adjacent handling area. Vapors and fires also can be controlled by the application of water fog, however, WP will reignite when the water has dried from it. 6. Exposed WP shall be kept wet until all traces are washed or scraped overboard. 7. Personnel involved in handling WP leakers shall wear goggles or face shield, heavy leather or rubber gloves and rubber apron. 8. Prior to any handling operation, Medical Department shall be notified. 9. WP munitions shall be protected from direct sunlight, rain, sea spray or other conditions that may cause corrosion of the munitions containers. FIGURE D-4. General Safety Precautions for White Phosphorus (WP) FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR WHITE PHOSPHORUS (WP) 1. Prompt first aid treatment of personnel hit by WP is required. 2. First aid shall consist of flushing with large amounts of water. Remove obvious large particles of WP from the skin by brushing with a knife, tool or stick, and cover with a wet dressing. WARNING Use water wet dressings only. Contaminated clothing should be removed as quickly as possible to the extent that this can be readily done. 3. Most effective treatment is neutralization of any phosphoric acid with a 5 percent bicarbonate solution (one cup sodium bicarbonate dissolved in a gallon of water). Irrigation should be continued for 10 to 15 minutes. 4. Do not use grease or ointments on WP burns. NTRP provides information regarding treatment of WP injuries. FIGURE D-5. First Aid Treatment for White Phosphorus (WP) D-6

177 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS, CIWS MK 15 AMMUNITION HANDLING 1. THE CARTRIDGE MK 149 MOD 0 AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN THE CIWS IS CLASSIFIED AS HAZARD CLASS/DIVISION 1.4. THE PRIMER AND PROPELLANT ARE THE ONLY COMPONENTS HAVING EXPLOSIVE HAZARD. THIS AMMUNITION MUST BE HANDLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH OP 4. THE CARTRIDGE CONTAINS AN ELECTRIC PRIMER AND IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO RADIATION HAZARD (RADHAZ). ALL HF TRANSMITTERS (2-32 MHZ) AND B-BAND RADARS ( MHZ) SHOULD BE SECURED WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO HANDLE UNLINKED AMMUNITION, SUCH AS WHEN CLEANING A GUN JAM. 2. AMMUNITION ON DECK, OUT OF ITS APPROVED CONTAINER AND NOT IN THE GUN SYSTEM, SHOULD ALWAYS BE HANDLED IN THE APPROVED MK 7 MOD 1 RADHAZ LINKS. ANY LOOSE AMMUNITION THAT IS EXPOSED TO RF FIELDS SHOULD BE DISPOSED OF IMMEDIATELY. ANY CONDUCTING OBJECT IN CONTACT WITH THE PRIMER, INCLUDING PERSONNEL TOUCHING THE PRIMER, IN AN RF FIELD CAN CAUSE THE PRIMER TO DETONATE. EXTREME CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO HANDLE LOOSE AMMUNITION. FIGURE D-6. Safety Precautions, CIWS Mk 15 Ammunition Handling D-7

178 FIGURE D-7. Pyrotechnic Ammunition Safety Precautions Placard D-8

179 FIGURE D-8. Pyrotechnic Ammunition with Water-Activated Battery Warning Placard D-9

180 D-4.3. MISSILE BLAST AREAS. The Weapons Program Manager, in conjunction with NAVSEASYSCOM, shall establish a missile blast area in the vicinity of all missile launchers. This area shall meet the following requirements: a. The location for missile blast areas shall be established as follows: (1) For ships with forward missile launchers/vls, the weather decks forward of the deckhouse shall be considered a missile blast area. (2) For ships with aft missile launchers/vls, the weather decks aft of the aft extremity of the deckhouse and the weather decks immediately below the launcher deck shall be considered a missile blast area. (3) For HARPOON, clear weather decks extending to a 50-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads shall be considered a missile blast area. Weather decks immediately below the launcher deck shall be considered a missile blast area. (4) For SRBOC/NULKA Launchers, the launcher deck extending to a 25-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads, including topside areas directly above and below, shall be considered a missile blast area. Loading zone danger and warning plates for the Mk 137 Launcher (figure D-9) and for the Chaff Launcher (figure D-10) shall be installed at all entrances to launcher groups. Refer to NAVSEA SW393-C0-MMM-A10 for description, operation, maintenance and illustrated parts breakdown information supporting these launching systems. (5) For CVN and CLF ships with launchers on sponsons, the sponson shall be considered a missile blast area. (6) For RAM Launchers, the launcher deck extending to a 30-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads shall be considered a missile blast area. (7) For NATO SEASPARROW Launchers, the launcher deck extending to a 50-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads shall be considered a missile blast area. b. The missile blast area requires danger signs that are a minimum 12 x 12 inches in size containing white lettering on a red background posted five feet above the deck. The missile blast area shall be identified as follows: (1) Danger signs shall be conspicuously displayed on exterior bulkheads in missile blast areas. These signs shall read DANGER: MISSILE BLAST AREA. (2) Danger signs shall be conspicuously displayed on the interior of doors, hatches and other openings to missile blast areas. The signs shall read DANGER: MISSILE BLAST AREA. (3) Danger signs shall be conspicuously displayed at boundaries and accesses to launcher blast areas. These danger signs shall read DANGER: THIS OPENS TO A MISSILE BLAST AREA, DO NOT LOITER, LAUNCH MAY OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING. D-10

181 (4) Painting lines, circles, etc., to identify blast areas is not authorized, since there are no clear safety boundaries where blast is concerned. FIGURE D-9. Mk 137 Launcher Loading Zone Danger and Warning Plates D-11

182 FIGURE D-10. Chaff Launcher Loading Zone Warning Plate (5) If access can be gained to a missile blast area, danger signs reading, "DANGER: MISSILE BLAST AREA", shall be posted on each level of the ship s exterior superstructure. D-4.4. AUDIBLE OR VISUAL WARNING DEVICES. All fully automated launching and firing systems must be equipped with either a functional audible or visual alarm system or both systems. D-4.5. FLUSH DECK HATCH MARKINGS. Flush deck hatches shall have a red and yellow striped safety margin painted around the hatch opening as show in figure D-11. D-12

183 FIGURE D-11. Safety Margin Hatches Hangar Deck and Flight Deck D-4.6. ELEVATOR SAFETY MARGIN MARKINGS. Safety margins shall be painted on ordnance elevator platforms to ensure that loads do not overhang the platform prior to closing doors or hatches. The safety margin shall be painted solid yellow and extend from the platform edges inboard 3 inches. Where a ramp extends onto the platform, the margin shall extend a minimum of 3 inches beyond the maximum inboard extension of the ramp. The only exception is where wheeled handling equipment are used for the transfer of ammunition and explosives. Then, the platform end edges and ramps shall have a painted safety margin of 5 inches, with the 3-inch margin on the side edges. As shown in figure D- 12, careful measurement must be made to determine the outside limit of the safety margin. The outer perimeter of the safety margins begins at the edge of the usable elevator platform. The extremities of the weapon may extend over the inner edge of the safety margin. However, the risk of damage increases as the weapon approaches the outer edge of the margin. If the weapon extends into the safety margin, the weapons officer and the ship s safety officer shall be advised and approve of the intrusion. Elevators with flush deck hatches shall have a red and yellow striped safety margin painted around the hatch opening and ramps shall be painted in black and yellow diagonal striping in accordance with NSTM S9086-ZN- STM-010/CH-772. D-13