MICHIGAN Regulatory Differences Summary.

Transcription

1 MICHIGAN Regulatory Differences Summary 1 Introduction Applicability This summary provides a brief review of Michigan s occupational health and safety regulations for the following topics: Posting and Recordkeeping, 29 CFR 1903 and 1904; Walking and Working Surfaces, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D; Exit Routes, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart E; Powered Platforms, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart F; Occupational Health, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart G; Hazardous Materials, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart H (including HAZWOPER); Personal Protective Equipment, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I; General Environmental Controls, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart J (including confined spaces and lockout/tagout); Medical and First Aid, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart K; Fire Protection, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart L; Compressed Air Receivers, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart M; Materials Handling and Storage, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart N; Machinery and Machine Guarding, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O; Handheld Tools, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart P; Welding, Cutting, and Brazing, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Q; Electrical Safety, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S; Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z (including chemical exposures and hazard communication); and Special Industries, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart R The purpose of this summary is twofold: to identify key state regulatory requirements in Michigan that are more stringent than the federal regulations, and to identify any additional state programs or requirements that may apply to industrial operations in these topic areas but that have no federal equivalent This summary is designed to serve as a supplement to OSHA Auditing Facilities: Federal Compliance Guide, prepared by Specialty Technical Consultants (STC), and OSHA Compliance: A Simplified Guide, prepared by Touchstone Environmental, both published by Specialty Technical Publishers (STP) The summary should be used in conjunction with either of those documents when performing an audit or managing compliance at a facility in Michigan SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-1-10/17

2 Overall Regulatory Structure Michigan is a state-plan state, having been delegated authority by OSHA to administer its own occupational health and safety program The state program is regulated by Michigan's Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Michigan Occupational Health and Safety Administration (MIOSHA) MIOSHA s standards are split into two topics, safety and health This division generally places requirements addressing physical hazards (trip and fall, machine pinchpoints, equipment operation, etc) under the safety category, and requirements addressing pathogenic or chemical injury to humans under the health category SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-2-10/17

3 2 Agency Contact Information This reference section provides contact information (full address, phone and fax numbers, and web site) for all federal and state agencies mentioned in this Michigan Regulatory Differences Summary The first contact information is for the regional federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) office Contact information for state agencies follows the OSHA information US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Region 5 Michigan falls within federal OSHA Region 5, which has headquarters in Chicago OSHA also has a field office in Lansing Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Region South Dearborn Street, Room 3244 Chicago, IL (312) Fax: (312) wwwoshagov Lansing Area Office 315 West Allegan, Room 207 Lansing, MI (517) Fax: (517) Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) The Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) administers state notification and inspection regulations relating to asbestos abatement and licenses radioactive materials that are not covered by NRC Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) PO Box [Constitution Hall 525 West Allegan Street] Lansing, MI (800) Asbestos: Radioactive Material: SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-3-10/17

4 Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) The Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs oversees the state's job, workforce, and economic development functions This Michigan Summary discusses the Department s Bureau of Construction Codes, Bureau of Fire Safety, Bureau of Health System s Radiation Safety Section, and the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA) Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs PO Box [611 W Ottawa] Lansing, MI (517) Bureau of Construction Codes The Bureau of Construction Codes, Boiler Division, regulates boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear components Bureau of Construction Codes Boiler Division PO Box Lansing, MI (517) Fax: (517) Boilers: Bureau of Fire Services The Bureau of Fire Services administers the state s Fire Prevention Code Bureau of Fire Services PO Box Lansing, MI (517) Fax: (517) Bureau of Health Systems The Bureau of Health Systems Radiation Safety Section is responsible for registration and inspection of radiation machines and facilities Bureau of Health Systems Radiation Safety Section (517) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-4-10/17

5 Michigan Occupational Health and Safety Administration The Michigan Occupational Health and Safety Administration (MIOSHA), oversees the state s occupational safety and health program and administers requirements for licensing, certification, and training of asbestos workers as well as the nonmedical use of radiation equipment MIOSHA s Consultation Education & Training Division offers an OSHA consultation service that employers can use to obtain information and reviews of their facility against the federal OSHA standard MIOSHA PO Box Lansing, MI Toll Free: (800) TO-MIOSH [ ] General Industry Safety & Health Division: (517) Consultation: (517) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-5-10/17

6 3 Posting and Recordkeeping ***The Agency Contact Information section of this Michigan summary contains addresses, phone and fax numbers, and web sites of all organizations identified below*** Posting Michigan's posting regulations are found in the Michigan Administrative Rules for General Industry Safety, Construction Safety, and Environmental Health, Part 13 They are essentially the same as the federal requirements at29 CFR 1903 Recordkeeping Michigan's recordkeeping regulations are found in the Michigan Administrative Rules for General Industry Safety, Construction Safety, and Environmental Health, Part 11 They are essentially the same as the federal requirements at29 CFR 1904 SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-6-10/17

7 4 Walking and Working Surfaces ***The Agency Contact Information section of this Michigan summary contains addresses, phone and fax numbers, and web sites of all organizations identified below*** The Michigan standards corresponding to the federal regulations for walking and working surfaces at 29 CFR are found at the following locations: floor and wall openings, stairways, and skylights R R ; fixed ladders R R ; portable ladders R R ; and scaffolding R R Some requirements that apply to walking and working surfaces are also included in the state's general provisions at R R Overall, Michigan s requirements are significantly more detailed than the federal ones, and they are organized differently Employers should consult the state standard for additional details Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes The following additional state requirements apply: Guards to prevent tools or materials from falling must be provided for working platforms or runways made of grating, with the following exceptions (R ): The intermediate sections of the barrier and the toeboard may be eliminated when materials are regularly passed over the end of the floor, as in lumber storage (R (2)(c)) A stationary elevated platform that is secured to a building or structure and that is used exclusively for the service and maintenance of overhead bridge cranes and similarly mobile equipment may be equipped with removable barriers and toeboards on the side adjacent to the machinery, if such barriers and toeboards are secured against falling when they are not serving as protective barriers (R (2)(c)) The open sides of a loading or storage platform used primarily for loading or unloading railroad cars or trucks and open hearth pouring platforms are exempt from the requirements for guarding (R (4)) A barrier may be omitted around the perimeter of a pit used for vehicle servicing if a yellow caution line is installed around the perimeter of the pit The line must be 12 inches wide and must be maintained to be clearly visible (R (2)(b)) A floor hole or floor opening into which persons cannot accidentally walk because of fixed machines, equipment, or walls but through which tools or materials can fall on employees or equipment must be protected by a cover that leaves no openings greater than 1 inch, unless the opening is connected to a chute-type device (R (6)) A wall hole with the following dimensions must be protected to the height of a standard barrier (R (6)): unrestricted height of 4 feet or greater; width greater than 1 foot; SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-7-10/17

8 near side less than 42 inches above the floor; and far side greater than 4 feet above the next lower level Where a stairway or ladder landing ends in direct proximity to hazards, detour guards must be installed (R (7)) When the top of an open tank or vat that contains a hazardous substance is less than 36 inches from the floor, platform, or ground level and is not otherwise guarded to prevent an employee from falling in, the tank or vat must be protected with a barrier at least 36 inches high on all exposed sides (R ) One of the following must be provided to give access to another elevation of 16 inches or more (R ): a flight of stairs; fixed industrial stairs; a ramp; a fixed ladder; or a portable ladder (for temporary access) A removable standard barrier may be used in place of a standard barrier if all components are capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction, except vertically upward when a minimum lift of 6 inches is required for removal (R ) The specifications for the various types of barriers are somewhat more detailed than those in the federal standard (R R ) Stairs and Ladders Fixed Industrial Stairs A stairway that is older than November 16, 1969, is exempt from the Michigan rule Stairway alterations after that date must comply with the rule (R (3)) Projections such as pipes, raceways, air ducts, or fixtures between 5 and 7 feet above the tread nose are permissible on fixed industrial stairs if guarded and marked (R (1)(c)) Stairs must have a continuous rise of not more than 12 feet An intermediate platform must be used to provide relief where a rise of more than 12 feet is necessary to reach the next level (R (4)) Specific requirements apply to alternating tread-type fixed industrial stairs (R ) Fixed Ladders The minimum design liveload of a fixed ladder must be a single concentrated load of 300 pounds (the federal standard is 200 pounds) Older ladders may have a minimum design load of 200 pounds (R ) Each step or rung must be capable of supporting, without deflection, a single concentrated load of 300 pounds applied in the middle of the step or rung (R (3)) Metal cleats must be made of steel or a material of equal strength and must have a bearing surface of at least 1/2 inch (R (4)) Wood cleats and other wood components of a fixed ladder must meet the requirements of ANSI A , Fixed Ladders, which is adopted by reference (R (5)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-8-10/17

9 Fastenings must be as strong as the rails and must be of sufficient length to allow a minimum distance between a permanent structure and the rungs of a ladder Fastenings must be attached to the permanent structure either by being attached to it or by bolts, rivets, or expansion bolts that are grouted, leaded, or the equivalent (R ) Wood ladders must be treated with a transparent preservative to prevent deterioration The use of paint is not allowed (R (3)) Fixed ladders must comply with the state's maintenance requirements, which are more detailed than those in the federal standard (R ) The rungs of utility manhole fixed ladders must be all of the following (R ): made of steel rod 3/4 inches or greater in diameter or other material capable of supporting at least 300 pounds (unless they were installed prior to August 17, 1974, in which case they may be 5/8-inch diameter steel rod or material of equal strength capable of supporting 200 pounds); 10 or more inches long; 4 or more inches from the center of the rung to the wall opposite the climbing side; 29 or more inches from the center of the rung to the wall or any projections on the climbing side; embedded 3 or more inches in the wall; and uniformly spaced 16 inches or less on center Note: Fixed ladders may not be installed in conical shaped utility manholes Only portable ladders may be used Step bolts used on structures such as towers, stacks, conical manhole sections, and vaults must be (R ): continuous, and uniformly spaced between 6 inches and 18 inches apart; with a clear step width of 4 1/2 or more inches and a toe clearance of 7 or more inches (if obstructions cannot be avoided, toe clearance may be reduced to 4 1/2 inches); designed to prevent the employee's foot from slipping off the end; able to support, without failure, 4 or more times the intended load; and corrosion resistant, if installed in a corrosive environment after August 17, 1974 Manhole steps used on structures such as towers, stacks, conical manhole sections, and vaults must be (R ): continuous, and uniformly spaced between 6 inches and 18 inches apart; with a clear step width of 10 or more inches and a toe clearance of 4 or more inches at the point of embedment and 4 or more inches at the center; designed to prevent the employee's foot from slipping off the end; with a slip-resistant surface, if installed after August 17, 1974; corrosion resistant, if installed in a corrosive environment after August 17, 1974; and if installed prior to August 17, 1974, able to support their maximum intended load SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-9-10/17

10 Cages and wells must be designed to permit easy access to or egress from the ladders that they enclose The cages and wells must be continuous throughout the length of the fixed ladder, except for access, egress, and other transfer points Cages and wells must be designed and constructed to contain employees in the event of a fall and direct them to a lower landing (R (4)) Surfaces of fixed ladders must be free of puncture or laceration hazards (R (5)) If a personal fall protection system is used with fixed ladders, it must do all of the following (R ): allow the employee to keep both hands free for climbing; have a connection of 9 inches or less between the carrier or lifeline and the point of attachment to a body belt or harness; activate within 2 feet after a fall starts to limit the descending velocity to 7 feet/second or less; for rigid carriers, have mountings attached to each end of the carrier, with intermediate mountings spaced along the entire length as necessary; for flexible carriers, have mountings attached to each end of the carrier and in windy conditions have cable guides spaced between 25 feet and 40 feet along the entire length of the carrier to prevent wind damage; for ladder safety devices and their support systems, able to withstand an 18-inch, 500-pound drop test; and for all other fall protection systems, able to withstand a 4-foot, 250-pound drop test The side step from a fixed ladder to a platform must be between 7 and 12 inches, as measured from the side rail to the platform edge (R (4)) The side rail of an adjacent ladder must be offset at least 5 inches from the edge of a platform (R (5)) Landing platforms must have standard railings Unlike the federal rules, Michigan rules do not require toeboards (R (6)) One rung of any section of a fixed ladder must be located at the level of the landing laterally served by the ladder Where access to the landing is through the ladder, the same rung spacing used on the ladder must also be used from the landing platform to the first rung below the landing (R (7)) The rules for ladder extensions and grab bars do not apply to a fixed ladder at a hatch cover (R (2) and R ) Personal fall arrest systems and position device systems must comply with the test methods described in R and R SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-10-10/17

11 Portable Ladders The requirements of 29 CFR (portable wood ladders), 29 CFR (portable metal ladders), and 29 CFR (ladder stands) are combined into a single regulation Michigan has the following additional requirements: The strength of metal parts and fittings used in a portable wood ladder must not be less than the design requirements for the ladder itself (R (1)) The wood parts of portable ladders must comply with ANSI A (R (2)) The maximum lengths of portable rung ladders are different from those allowed in the federal standard (R (2)) The minimum overlap of adjacent sections of a 2- or 3-section portable rung extension ladder becomes 4 feet at a ladder length of 32 inches (the federal standard is 36 inches) A positive means must be provided to ensure this overlap (R (2) and R (3)) A special-purpose ladder used as a step ladder, a single or extension ladder, a trestle ladder, or any other ladder type must comply with the requirements for that type of ladder (R (2)) A special-purpose ladder may be used by more than one employee if specifically designed for that purpose (R (3)) A platform step ladder must comply with the requirements for a type I or type II step ladder The platform must be capable of supporting a load of 200 pounds placed at any point (R (4)) A type II step ladder that is used for painting may have its top omitted (R (5)) Cleat ladders must comply with all of the following requirements (R ): Cleat ladders must be no more than 22 feet long Wood in a cleat ladder must be straight grained and knot free Wood cleat ladders must have side rails at least 2 by 4 inches nominal and cleats at least 1 by 4 inches nominal The distance between the side rails of a cleat ladder must be between 14 ½ inches and 16 ½ inches Wooden cleats must be inset into the side rails at least ½ inch must be or attached directly to the edge of the side rails by 3 or more wire nails that are size 10-d Ladders must be handled with reasonable care and not subjected to deliberate dropping or misuse A ladder may not be used as a plank or skid (R (1)) A ladder carried on a vehicle must be secured to prevent it from catapulting or falling (R (2)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-11-10/17

12 A ladder must be inspected before use, particularly after it has fallen or been involved in an accident Ladders must be repaired or replaced if any of the following defects are found (R (1)): large splits or gouges (see R (1)(a) and R (1)(b) for details); worn, crushed, cracked, split, splintered, or missing rungs, steps, tops, or platforms; loose rungs or steps that allow longitudinal play of ¾ inch in the rails; or bent or broken guide irons, spreaders, or locks A person on a single or sectional ladder must not over-reach nor do any pushing or pulling that may cause the ladder to move or topple If both the user's shoulders are outside the side rail, the user is over-reaching (R (5)) A person may not stand astride a ladder and another object (R (6)) Step ladders must be used fully opened with the spreaders locked (R (1)) Each leg of a step ladder must be in contact with solid footing A board or plank may be used to secure footing on uneven ground (R (2)) If a step ladder does not have a guard rail, the top step and cap may not be used to work from or to climb on (R (3)) A folded step ladder may not be used as a straight ladder by leaning it against a wall or other support (R (4)) When people carry objects up ladders, one hand must be kept free to maintain balance and security (R (5)) The bracing on the back legs of a step ladder must not be used for climbing, with limited exceptions (R (6)) A straight sectional or extension ladder must be placed so that the side rails have a secure footing Where the surface is uneven, boards, planks, or leveling jacks may be used to create an even surface Such ladders must have safety feet (R (1)) A person using a straight or extension ladder may not stand on the top 2 rungs or within 3 feet from the top of the ladder (R (4)) If the top of a straight or extension ladder is secured to an object, the user may secure him or herself to the ladder by placing one leg over the second rung above the rung on which he or she is standing (R (5)) When a straight or extension ladder is used to go from one landing to another, the ladder must extend above the upper landing by at least 3 feet (R (6)) The top rest for a straight or extension ladder must be reasonably rigid and must have ample strength to support the applied load (R (7)) Nonwood step and platform ladders may not be longer than 16 feet (The federal standard allows metal step ladders to be 20 feet long) (R (2) and R (4)) Scaffolding The Michigan requirements for scaffolding are substantially more extensive than those in 29 CFR Key additional requirements include the following SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-12-10/17

13 General Scaffolding Requirements A lifeline and safety harness must be provided and used where an employee is required to crawl out on a thrust out or projecting beam (R (1) and R (8)) Scaffolding that is endangered by a truck or other moving equipment must be protected by a warning device, barrier, or both (R (10)) A scaffold may not be altered or moved horizontally while it is in use or is being occupied, unless it is specifically designed for occupied horizontal travel (R (1)) Fiber rope on scaffolding used for or near any work involving the use of corrosive substances must be treated or protected against deterioration (R (12)) Scaffolding planking must meet the following additional requirements (R ): Table 1 of R applies to planks 2 inches by 10 inches or wider and the permissible spans are slightly different Note: OSHA's planking span table applies to planks 2 inches by 9 inches or wider Planking may not extend over the end bearer more than 12 inches Note: OSHA allows planks to extend over the end bearer up to 18 inches Planking must consist of at least 2 boards that are 2 by 10 inches Planking must be cleated or similarly fastened to prevent shifting and must be uniform in thickness, except where lapped as prescribed in the following bullet If planks are lapped, each one must lap its bearer at least 6 inches, making the minimum overlap at least 12 inches If the ends of planks abut each other, the butt joint must be at the centerline of a pole and rest on separate bearers Planks must be laid with their edges close together so that material and tools will not fall between them If a scaffold turns a corner, the planks must be laid to prevent tipping The planks that meet the corner bearer at the angle must be laid first, extending over the diagonally placed bearer far enough to have a good bearing, but not far enough to tip The planks running at an angle must be laid so as to extend over the rest on the first layer of planks All scaffolds 10 feet or more above floor/ground level except ladder scaffolds, boatswain's chairs, or needle beam scaffolds must have a standard railing and toeboard A life line and safety belt must be used where the required railing is not practical (R (2)) Where work is being performed above a scaffold, overhead protection consisting of 2-inch planks laid tight, or equivalent material, must be installed not more than 9 feet above the scaffold floor (R (4)) The use of a stair or fixed ladder for safe access to scaffolding must not have a tendency to tip the scaffold (R (5)) Fixed ladders used for accessing scaffolding are not required to have cages (R (5)) On manufactured scaffolding purchased after November 16, 1974, that is equipped with a builtin fixed ladder or an attached scaffold ladder, the ladder must have rungs at least 12 inches long, uniformly spaced between 12 and 16 1/2 inches from the center of one rung to another The rung and component parts must support a minimum of 300 pounds (R (6)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-13-10/17

14 The intermediate horizontal members of the frame of a manufactured tubular welded frame scaffold may be used for access to, and egress from, the work platform if all of the following conditions are met (R (7)): All frames and component parts are compatible in design The intermediate horizontal members of the frame are at least 16 inches long The horizontal members of each frame are uniformly spaced and not more than 17 inches center to center vertically When frames are connected vertically to one another, the distance between the bottom horizontal member of the upper end frame and the top horizontal member of the lower end frame is within 3 inches of the uniform spacing of the horizontal members of each frame The elevation to the lowest horizontal member of the bottom frame is no more than 21 inches from ground or floor Each horizontal member is capable of supporting 300 pounds applied at its midpoint without bending or cracking Each horizontal member is inspected for and found to be free of cracks, bends, or bad welds The guardrail system located on the side where horizontal members of the scaffold frame are used for access to or egress from a work platform is constructed with the intermediate rail omitted between the corner posts at the access location but the top rail continuous between posts Only 1 employee at a time uses a horizontal frame member as access to or egress from the workstation Wood Pole Scaffolds Wood pole scaffolds must be guyed or tied to the building or structure Where the height or length is more than 25 feet, the scaffold must be secured at intervals not more than 25 feet vertically and horizontally (R (2)) Ledgers may not be spliced between poles on wood pole scaffolds A spliced ledger must be reinforced by a bearing block secured to the side of the pole to form a support for the ledger (R (5)) A bearer on a wood pole scaffold must be set with its larger dimension vertical and must project 3 inches beyond the ledger and the inner and outer pole (R (6)) When a work platform on a wood pole scaffold is moved to a new level, the old platform must remain in place until the new bearers are ready to receive the platform (R (8)) A wood pole scaffold less than 60 feet high must use materials prescribed in Tables 2 7 of R A scaffold more than 60 feet high must be designed by an engineer knowledgeable in scaffolds and erected as prescribed in the blueprints A copy of the blueprint must be kept on the job site (R (9)) Diagonal bracing must be provided on a wood pole scaffold to keep the poles from moving in a direction parallel with the wall and from buckling Full diagonal face bracing must be erected across the entire face of pole scaffolds in both directions Brace splices must be at the poles (R (10) The free ends of a wood pole scaffold must be cross-braced (R (11)) A wood pole scaffold may not be erected beyond the reach of local fire fighting equipment (R (12)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-14-10/17

15 Single Pole Scaffolds The inner end of the bearer on a single pole scaffold must rest in the wall of the building with at least a 4-inch bearing Notching is prohibited (R (a)) On frame buildings, the inner end of the bearer of a single pole scaffold must rest on a block 12 inches long and at least 2 inches by 6 inches nominal The block must be notched the width of the bearer and at least 2 inches deep The bearer must be nailed to both the block and the building (R (b)) At a window opening, the inner end of the bearer of a single pole scaffold must be supported by a plank of equal strength resting on the window sill and fastened to the building The bearer must be braced against displacement (R (c)) Suspension Scaffolds Suspension scaffolds must be designed with a safety factor of at least 4 (R (1)) Wire ropes used on suspension scaffolding must be designed with a safety factor of at least 6 Wire ropes fastened around a rod must be equipped with a thimble (R (2)) When U-bolt clamps are installed on suspension scaffolding, a minimum of 3 must be used at each fastening, installed on the dead end (see R Table 8) The clamps must be retightened after loading (R (3)) A thrustout for a suspension scaffold must meet the following additional requirements: (R (4) (6)) The thrustout must be set with the web vertical, must be spaced not more than 7 feet apart, and must project 1 foot beyond the outer edge of the suspension platform The thrustout inner end must be fastened to the frame of the building with bolts, anchor plates, lockwashers, and jam nuts, and it must be anchored against horizontal displacement or counterbalanced if the counterweight is fastened to the thrustout Sand bags or other loose material may not be used Where a counterweight is used, it must be 3 times the supported weight and must be located on the inner end of the thrustout with its center of mass at least an equal distance to the center of mass of the load, as measured from the fulcrum The thrustout outer end must be equipped with a stop-bolt to prevent the shackle from slipping over the edge A thrustout rigged over a parapet wall must be supported by a wood block at least 4 by 4 by 18 inches long (nominal) A suspension platform must be secured to keep it from swinging away from the building Rollers or fenders must be provided to keep the platform from striking the building and to facilitate raising and lowering it (R (7)) A bearer for a suspension scaffold must be made of 4- by 6-inch timber set on edge or structural steel of equivalent strength A bearer must have sufficient length to hold the planks between the frame where a hoisting machine is used Plank edges must abut (R (8)) Where a powered hoisting machine is used on a suspension scaffold, it must comply with R The running edge of the suspension wire rope must be securely attached to the hoisting drum, and at least 4 turns of rope must remain on the drum at all times (R (9)) Each suspension scaffold must be installed or relocated in accordance with designs and instructions of a registered professional mechanical or civil engineer and under the supervision of a competent person (R (10)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-15-10/17

16 Swing Scaffolds Where rope and blocks are used to support a swing scaffold, the scaffold must comply with all of the following requirements (R (2)): have hangers made of 3/4-inch round steel, or its equivalent, that are designed to have a flat bottom to hold a platform and that have arms to hold a standard barrier pursuant to R (2) and a loop to hold the hook on a block; have all blocks fit the size of rope they carry; and have ropes fastened by a special hitch that cannot slip to the point of the hook on the hanger eye A hook with an eye or ring that is used to support a swing scaffold on a building must be made of wrought iron or steel with a cross section at least 5/8 by 2 inches, or equivalent, with the 5/8- inch measurement on the edge Each hook must have a safety line of 3/4-inch manila rope, or its equivalent, secured from an eye or ring to a structurally sound portion of the building to prevent slipping of the hook Eaves or cornices must be inspected for cracks, loose blocks, or other deterioration before setting the hooks that support the swing scaffold on the building (R (4)) Two or more swing scaffolds may not be combined by bridging with planks or similar connecting links unless they are equipped with hoisting machines and the planking is capable of pivoting while remaining secured to the unit (R (5)) An employee on a swing scaffold must use a safety belt tied to a lifeline by a lanyard no more than 48 inches long and connected by an approved fall prevention device on the lifeline The lifeline must extend to the ground In lieu of providing a lifeline, the employee may attach a safety belt and lanyard to the scaffold, if a separate fall prevention device is installed at each support point using safety lines equivalent to the support ropes, and if the device is connected to the scaffold with a line that allows a drop of not more than 12 inches (R (7)) Swing scaffolds must be equipped with rollers or fenders as prescribed in R (7) (R (9)) A swing scaffold must be secured to the building or ground when it is not in use, and all tools and materials must be removed (R (10)) When a hoisting machine is used with a swing scaffold, it must comply with R and R (R (11)) Outrigger Scaffolds Planking for the platform of an outrigger scaffold must have all edges abutting tightly from the end of the thrustout to the building, or from vertical hanger to vertical hanger The planking must comply with R (R (3)) Horse Scaffolds Standard guardrails and toeboards must be installed on an outrigger scaffold (R (4)) A horse scaffold may not be used with an outrigger scaffold (R (5)) A horse scaffold must be built of straight-grained lumber and braced to resist side thrusts, in accordance with R Table 9 (R (1)) Note: Table 9 differs slightly from Table D19 in 29 CFR (m) A horse that is used on a horse scaffold and that is higher or longer than 4 feet must have the cross section of each member increased to the next nominal size in width (R (2)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-16-10/17

17 Extension pieces may not be nailed to the legs of a horse scaffold (R (3)) The legs of a horse scaffold must be set on concrete or another hard surface, or on base plates in accordance with R (7) (R (4)) Horses must be spaced on bearer centers no more than 6 feet apart (R (5)) Ladder Jack Scaffolds No more than 2 employees may be on a ladderjack scaffold (R (4)) Exception: If 3 ladders support a plank, 3 employees may occupy it Ladders used with a ladder jack must be equipped with nonslip feet (R (5)) A ladder jack must be made of metal and designed to support the total weight of materials, workers, and scaffold with a safety factor of at least 4 The ladder jack must be designed to bear on the side rails in addition to the rungs Alternatively, it may bear only on the rungs if the bearing surface on each rung is at least 10 lineal inches (R (6)) Needle Beam Scaffolds Rope supports on needle beam scaffolds must be 1-inch diameter first-grade manila rope, or equivalent material, that are spaced no more than 10 feet apart The rope must be attached to the needle beams by a scaffold hitch or an eye splice The loose end of the rope must be tied by a bowline knot or a round turn and half hitch The scaffold hitch must be arranged to prevent the needle beam from rolling or otherwise becoming displaced (R (3)) Scaffold planks on a needle beam scaffold must be secured against displacement (R (4)) A needle beam scaffold must be suspended from thrustouts in accordance with R or from permanent structural members with a safety factor of at least 4 times the maximum intended load (R (6)) Manufactured Scaffolding Manufactured scaffolding must be erected and used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (R (1)) Manufactured scaffolding must be erected by an experienced, competent person (R (2)) Stationary manufactured scaffolding must be tied to and braced against a building at intervals of no more than 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically or must be otherwise guyed (R (3)) Adjusting screws on stationary manufactured scaffolding must have an adjustment of not more than 18 inches from baseplate to bottom of frame, with a minimum of 6 inches retained within the frame (R (4)) Before a metal scaffold is erected near an exposed powerline, the utility or property owner must be consulted A power line or other apparatus must be considered energized unless the property owner or utility indicates it is deenergized and the line or apparatus is visibly grounded Where deenergizing is not practical, the following minimum clearances must be maintained (R (5)): for voltages up to 50kV, 10 feet; and for voltages greater than 50kV, 10 feet plus 04 inch per kv SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-17-10/17

18 The planking span on welded-frame-type scaffolds must comply with the requirements of R Table 1, which are slightly different than those in the table at 29 CFR (d) (R (1)(e)) For a mobile scaffold, the screw jack must adjust no more than 12 inches from the top of castorbearing plate to the bottom of the frame The castor stem must fit the socket in the frame and extend inside at least 6 inches (R (2)(d)) A sectional folding ladder scaffold must have an integral set of pivoting and hinged folding diagonal and horizontal braces and a detachable work platform incorporated into the structure (R (4)(e)) Wire rope used as a supporting means for a plank must have a designed safety factor of at least 6 The load calculation must include the total weight of workers, materials, and scaffold (R (1)) Planks used on a wire rope scaffold must be attached to the wire rope in a manner that will not allow the plank to detach the rope and must facilitate moving the plank along the wire rope (R (3)) Other Scaffolds The tackle of a boatswain's chair must consist of bearing or brushed blocks and 5/8-inch manila rope, or its equivalent (R (4)) The supporting brackets of a carpenter's bracket scaffold must be a triangular frame of at least 2- by 3-inch material fitted and secured together (or of metal of equivalent strength) and sized to support at least two 2 by 10 inch planks (R (1)) Wood supporting brackets that are fastened to the structure of a carpenter's bracket scaffold must be gussetted in a manner to keep the joints from pulling apart (R (2)(a)) Window jack scaffolds must consist of a plank secured to the structure with braces running from a point less than 4 inches from the end of the plank to the structure at an angle of at least 45 degrees (R (2)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-18-10/17

19 5 Exit Routes ***The Agency Contact Information section of this Michigan summary contains addresses, phone and fax numbers, and web sites of all organizations identified below*** Michigan s requirements for fire exits are found in Part 6 of the Michigan General Industry Safety Standards, R R The state s requirements are much more detailed than the federal, including many building code requirements as well as requirements similar to those in the federal regulations for exit routes in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart E (29 CFR ) Key aspects of the state's regulations are described below General Requirements All employers are required to inform employees of escape procedures and emergency routes to approved exit routes Employers must also designate a sufficient number of persons to assist in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees These requirements apply regardless of whether the employer is required to prepare an emergency action plan or fire prevention plan (R ) A space formed with moveable or folding partitions and occupied by more than 20 persons must have an approved exit route (R (3)) Alterations, additions, or changes in occupancy that would reduce the exit routes below the requirements for a new building are prohibited (R (4)) No combustible or flammable debris, waste, or other material, which, if burned, would make the exit route from the building hazardous, may be placed, stored, or kept on, under, at the bottom of, or adjacent to an exit route or elevator (R (5)) Where an exit route is being obstructed by the placement of movable objects, aisles must be marked and railings or permanent barriers provided to protect the exit routes against encroachment (R (5)) Stairs, landings, and other exit components must be guarded against falls over open edges, and guards and handrails must continue the full length of the guarded exit component (R (3)) At least 2 exits, remotely located from each other, must be provided for every building, floor, or fire area, including a basement However, a single exit may be permitted when approved in a new and existing low or ordinary hazard occupancy for a building, floor, or fire area with a population of less than 50 persons (R (1)) A single-story, noncombustible building for industrial or storage occupancy that has an approved fully equipped automatic sprinkler system and that is normally not subject to traffic by persons other than employees must have exit doors that will provide safe egress spaced not more than every 300 feet apart on the perimeter wall (R (3)) Michigan has established limits on travel distance to exits The total number of exits in a building must be sufficient so that the maximum travel distance from any occupied space to at least 1 exit does not exceed the limit specified in R (R (1)) The minimum width of an exit access must be at least equal to the required width of the exit to which it leads, but not less than 34 inches (R (3)) Note: The federal requirement is 28 inches SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-19-10/17

20 State-specific requirements for doors must be met, which include the following key elements (R R ): Confirm that exit doors meet the following requirements: A single leaf of an exit door must be between 28 and 48 inches wide (R (2)) Where a door or gate opens directly on a stairway, a platform must be provided The swing of the door or gate may not reduce the floor area leading to the stairs to a width less than 20 inches (R (3)) A sliding door may not be used as part of the exit capacity of building unless it is of breakaway design (R (4)) The force required to fully open any door in the exit route may not be more than 50 pounds applied to the latch side of the door (R (1)) A properly designed mechanically aided sliding door may be used to exit to the outside of a building constructed before May 15, 1970, where the occupancy is low or ordinary storage hazard or ordinary mercantile hazard (R (2)) An exit door that gives access to a stairway must not block stairs or landings during its swing and must not interfere with the full use of the stairway when open (R (3)) A power-operated exit door must be designed so that it can be operated manually in case of power failure (R ) A revolving door that was installed prior to March 11, 1970, may be grandfathered as an exit door if there are sufficient adjacent swinging doors and if the rate of rotation is properly controlled Revolving doors installed after that date may not be considered approved exit doors (R ) State-specific requirements for stairs must be met, which include the following key elements (R ): Stairs that are part of a required exit must comply with R Table 3 A variation of 3/16 inches is allowed In a building 4 or more stories high, stairs and platforms must be of noncombustible construction throughout, except for handrails Exit stairs, platforms, landings, balconies, and stair hallway floors must be designed to carry a load of 100 pounds per square foot, or a concentrated load of 300 pounds Stair treads and landings must be slip resistant Stairways and intermediate landings must continue with no decrease in width along the direction of exit travel Interior or exterior monumental stairs may be accepted as required exits if all requirements for exit stairs are met Exception: Curved stairs may be accepted with a radius of 25 feet or more at the inner edges State-specific requirements for horizontal exits must be met, which include the following key elements (R ): A fire area or area of refuge with a horizontal exit must have at least 1 additional means of egress leading to the outside or must have access to an adjacent fire area with an outside means of egress (R (1)) Where either side of horizontal exit is occupied, the doors used in connection with the exit must be unlocked (R (2)) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-20-10/17

21 The floor area on either side of a horizontal exit must be large enough to hold the occupants of both floor areas with at least 3 square feet of clear floor area per person (R (3)) Where a horizontal exit serves areas on both sides of a wall, there must be adjacent openings with swinging doors at each side, opening in opposite directions Signs must be placed on each side of the wall or partition indicating which door to use for emergency exit (R (4)) Note: Alternate arrangements may be acceptable as long as doors always swing with any possible exit travel A ramp may be a component in an exit route if all of the following requirements are met (R ): It is designed for at least 100 pounds per square foot live load The slope of a ramp does not vary between landings Landings are level Any change in direction of travel is made only at landings In a building 3 or more stories high, it is of noncombustible construction with solid (unperforated) floor and landings It has a nonslip surface It has a minimum width of 44 inches and a maximum slope of 1 inch in 12 inches An escalator may be considered a component of an exit route if it is fully enclosed above the ground floor, equipped with fire doors containing fusible links, and operates in the normal direction of exit travel (R ) Fire escape stairs may be used as a required exit only in existing buildings and may not constitute more than 50% of the required exit capacity Such stairs must conform to the standards in R Fire escape stairs may not constitute any part of the required exists for a new building Swinging stairs and escape ladders must meet specific requirements for construction and installation (R R ) Lighting An exit route must be illuminated by artificial lighting at places and for periods of time required to maintain the illumination to values not less than 10 foot-candles measured at the floor Illumination must be arranged so that the failure of any single lighting unit, such as the burning out of an electric bulb, will not leave the area in darkness Artificial lighting must be from a source of reasonable reliability, such as a public utility service A battery-operated electric light or any type of portable lamp or lantern may not be used for primary exit illumination, and luminescent fluorescent or reflective material may not be used as a substitute for required illumination (R ) In a building with natural lighting subject to occupancy by more than 300 persons, and in a building for which no natural lighting is provided and subject to occupancy by more than 100 persons, approved emergency lighting facilities meeting specified requirements must be provided for an exit route and arranged so that required exit illumination will be maintained for at least 1/2 hour in the event of failure of normal lighting of the building (R ) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-21-10/17

22 Occupancies The Michigan regulations specify the following classes of occupancy for fire exit regulations (R ): hotel; mercantile; business; and industrial The Michigan regulations also establish requirements for several additional miscellaneous occupancies for exit route requirements, including vehicles from which the wheels are removed and are fixed so as to be no longer mobile, vessels that are permanently moored or aground, open buildings, aircraft hangars, storage elevators for combustible commodities, towers, and piers and water-surrounded buildings (R R ) SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-22-10/17

23 6 Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms ***The Agency Contact Information section of this Michigan summary contains addresses, phone and fax numbers, and web sites of all organizations identified below*** The state s regulations covering powered platforms, manlifts, and vehicle-mounted work platforms are codified in the Michigan Administrative Code (MAC) under the MIOSHA General Industry Safety Standards Parts 5, 25, and 58 The following additions or exceptions to the federal standard at 29 CFR 1910 Subpart F apply in Michigan Powered Platforms A powered platform installed or modified after August 27, 1971, must comply with ANSI A , Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms for Exterior Building Maintenance (R (1)) Where 2 cables are used, each employee on the work platform must use a safety harness and lanyard that is attached to an individual lifeline The lifeline must be secured to the building structure and must be independent of any cable and structures that support the powered platform (R (8)) Where thrustouts are used in place of a roof car, they must be anchored to the building structure with fasteners that are capable of sustaining the imposed load (R (10)) A roof car must be used when it is necessary to move a working platform horizontally to a work or storage position (R (1)) The stability factor against overturning must be at least 5 for horizontal traversing of a roof carriage (R (4)(h)) Note: The federal requirement is a stability factor of at least 2 Whenever possible, maintenance on powered platforms must be performed with the equipment in a stored position (R (4)) Where a roof car is used, safety interlocks must be provided to ensure that the working platform will not leave the stored position until the required positive position anchor is engaged and to ensure that the roof car cannot move when the working platform is not in the stored position (R ) All of the parts of a powered platform that are subject to stress, except for the wire rope, must have a design safety factor of not less than 5 (R ) Note: The wire rope must have a safety factor of at least 10 SDO MICHIGAN Summary S-23-10/17